Particularly after her PANSS test results, the client in this case has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid type, in which positive symptoms like delusions are prevalent. The purpose of this paper is to clarify three key psychopharmacological treatment decisions made on behalf of the client. Goals of all three decisions are symptom reduction and the promotion of the client's mental health and psychosocial functioning.
Decision

The decision was to give the patient Invega Sustenna (paliperidone palmitate) 234 mg intramuscular X1 followed by 156 mg intramuscular on day 4 and monthly thereafter, instead of either Zyprexa (olanzapine) or Abilify. The reasoning is based primarily on the fact that Invega Sustenna is a long-acting injectable with fewer compliance complications than orally administered drugs. Although Abilify has been available as a long-acting injectable, Invega Sustenna is recommended in this case because it presents fewer side effects than either Zyprexa or Abilify, particularly those the client…...

mla

References

Amiaz, R., Rubenstein, K., Czerniak, E. et al. (2016). A Diet and Fitness Program Similarly Affects Weight Reduction in Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Typical or Atypical Medications. Pharmacopsychiatry 49(3): 112-116.

Bak, M., et al. (2014). Almost All Antipsychotics Result in Weight Gain: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 9(4): e94112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094112

Khanna, et al. (2016). Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006569. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006569.pub5.

Park, E.J. et al. (2013). Long-acting injectable formulations of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia. Archives of Pharmacal Research 36(6): 651-659.

102). Therefore, there is a need to establish reliability and validity levels for the methods used by these researchers.
Data analysis. The analysis of the data included the following:

1. Calculation of body mass indexes (BMI) calculated from measured weight and height at baseline and again one year following enrollment in the intervention program, which is a standard approach to determining overweight and obesity levels (Singh 2004; Klesgas, Klem & Klesges 1999);

2. A comparison of growth changes in the intervention and control groups;

3. The mean number of dietary advice provided; and,

4. The relation between change in BMI z-score, life-style and number of visits at school care centres among intervened children.

Strength of the evidence. The evidence used to formulate the key findings of this study was weakened by differences in the attitudes, approaches and availability of the nursing staff assigned to conduct the research.

Potential alternative interpretations of the data. The results that…...

mla

References

Chandler, G.N. & Lyon, D.W. 2001 'Issues of research design and construct measurement in entrepreneurship research: The past decade.' Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice.

vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 101-102.

Melin, A. & Lenner, R.A. 2008 'Prevention of further weight gain in overweight school children, a pilot study.' Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, doi: 10.1111/j.1471-

Klesges, R., Klem, M., & Klesges, L. 1999 'The relationship between changes in body weight and changes in psychosocial functioning.' Appetite, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 145-153.

This is why we feel that a workshop on this issue is critical. Obesity, unlike cancer and other deadly diseases, is preventable. To allow American children to continue to eat poorly is akin to letting them smoke cigarettes.
Teaching good nutrition and eating habits is not difficult. Many Americans do eat well, which is why we want to convince our target audience that it is possible to eat well and healthy. We also want to show that eating well feels good because when a person is healthy and exercises, they increase their overall sense of well-being. Therefore, healthy eating can be framed as a mental as well as a physical health issue. When we take into consideration the fact that obesity has an adverse impact on a child's self-esteem, it becomes imperative to teach good eating habits to young people.

Good eating is not just about avoiding fat or carbohydrates. In…...

obesity in young adults has led to efforts to circumvent the problem. By understanding what may cause obesity and testing out methods that can help obese young adults lose weight, researchers hope to find a viable method that can lead to positive changes in health. Thesis: Young adults experiencing obesity may suffer from mental health problems triggered by lack of healthy habits like excessive sitting, lack of exercise, and unhealthy eating habits. Some offer weight loss solutions through the use of social/mobile technologies. However, no one strategy has been found to be effective in creating successful long-term weight loss.
Brief Background of young adult obesity in America and in other countries.

Body

Explanation of obesity in young adults from a lifestyle perspective: "High sitting and low activity increased obesity odds among adults. Irrespective of sitting, men with low step counts had increased odds of obesity" (Cleland, Schmidt, Salmon, Dywer, & Venn, 2014,…...

mla

References

Cleland, V., Schmidt, M., Salmon, J., Dywer, T., & Venn, A. (2014). Combined Associations of Sitting Time and Physical Activity with Obesity in Young Adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(1), 136-144. doi:10.1123/jpah.2011-0143

Dreber, H., Reynisdottir, S., Angelin, B., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., & Hemmingsson, E. (2017). Mental distress in treatment seeking young adults (18-25 years) with severe obesity compared with population controls of different body mass index levels: cohort study. Clinical Obesity, 7(1), 1-10. doi:10.1111/cob.12170

Godino, J. G., Merchant, G., Norman, G. J., Donohue, M. C., Marshall, S. J., Fowler, J. H., . . . Patrick, K. (2016). Using social and mobile tools for weight loss in overweight and obese young adults (Project SMART): a 2-year, parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 4(9), 747-755. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30105-x

Even if we ourselves are to analyze how we consume foods, we can realize that these influences listed by Food Psychology online have been actual influences to how we consume food. Isn't it that true that we tend to over-eat a particular food not only because we like its taste but because there is a characteristic in the food that we particularly like? For instance, there are those who unknowingly over-eat crackers because they like playing its crunchiness in their mouth. I myself tend to over-eat M&M chocolates not merely because I like chocolates, but because I like playing with its crispy chocolate shells in my mouth. Although it is known to me that too much sweet can cause weight increase, the external cue of the M&M chocolate somehow gives me the addiction to over-consume it. Or, isn't that there are those who tend to over-eat popcorns when watching…...

mla

Bibliography

Wansink, B., Van Ittersum K. Bottoms Up! The Influence of Elongation on Pouring and Consumption Volume. Food and Brand Lab, University of Illinois.

Chandon, P., Wansink, B. (2002). Does Stock Piling Accelerate Consumption? A Convenience-Salience Framework of Consumption Stockpiling." Journal of Marketing Research, 39:3 (August), 321-335.

Food Psychology.

Retrieved on May 22, 2006, from Online.

By educating patients on early warning signs of hepatotoxicity, this rare but potentially fatal consequence could be detected early to allow appropriate intervention." (Wright and Vandenberg, 2007) it is extremely critical to understand the nature of psychiatric nursing in today's clinical environment.
IV. ROLE of NURSE PRACIIONER in RANSIION

Specifically stated in the work of Kathryn R. Puskar entitled; "he Nurse Practitioner Role in Psychiatric Nursing" published in the Online Journal of Issues in Nursing is: "Commercialization of psychiatric care is underway. Psychiatric inpatient admissions have decreased, admissions to general hospitals have decreased, while outpatient admissions are increasing. Academic centers are purchasing smaller hospitals as affiliates; satellite clinics and networks of services are being established. Physicians in solo practice are merging into group practices. New health care professional roles must be restructured and "cross trained" to maintain competitiveness by offering flexible, cost-saving effective care. his is the background environment in which…...

mla

To improve participation in outpatient programs, social workers can identify and address client barriers to keeping appointments, such as inadequate transportation, non-cooperative employers or family members, limited financial or child care resources, or even poor client motivation. Pairing newly diagnosed patients with "diabetic sponsors" -- individuals who are experienced and successful at managing their diabetes -- also may enhance attendance. Rather than relying on clients to come to clinics, social workers may need to bring the clinics to clients by organizing diabetic health fairs, outreach, or training programs in work settings, church facilities, or community centers. It is related that: "For people with Type 2 diabetes, Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) is often the "first-line therapy of choice" (Lipkin, 1999). The goal of MNT is to maintain near-normal glucose levels by matching dietary consumption with actual caloric (energy) needs, necessitating that the right foods in correct proportions be eaten at prescribed times for many MNT may include a secondary goal -- weight loss. Nutritional self-management or compliance with a prescribed diet can be handicapped by many of the same factors that impede self-care knowledge and skill mastery. In MNT, food assumes an almost medicinal quality, and many may resist altering long-held consumption patterns, inasmuch as food plays a part in their cultural heritage or serves as a source of pleasure; therefore, dietary changes are interpreted as loss of either function. For some patients, making these lifestyle changes may require assistance with concrete resources. As resource brokers, social workers can assess needs and link clients with community agencies for nutritional assistance, fitness training, additional diabetic education (professionals or material), medical care, health insurance, insulin and glucose monitoring supplies, prescription assistance, transportation, and counseling or support groups" (Lipkin, 1999)

VII. RESOURCE-BROKERING and COLLABORATION AMONG PROFESSIONALS

The social worker is also experienced in 'resource brokering' and as related by Lipkins (1999): "As a therapist, the social worker may practice independently or in conjunction with other professionals (such as psychiatrists and psychologists) to treat more serious mental health issues inhibiting the management of diabetes. In this role a social work practitioner may screen and treat illnesses with high rates of comorbidity among diabetes patients, such as major depression or eating and anxiety disorders. The social worker also may ensure the management of preexisting chronic mental illnesses like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and alcohol or substance abuse." (Lipkin, 1999) the social worker also has the capacity to: "...coordinate a comprehensive assessment, treatment plan, and intervention, striving for an optimal level of collaboration among professionals, patients, and families. Financially, social work case management can effectively and efficiently use community resources, creating an optimal environment that promotes glycemic control to delay complications and reduce hospitalizations."

5 gram per pound of bodyweight. Proteins give the muscle energy to grow but carbohydrates are just as important to promote the muscle to heal.
The following is a 3 day meal schedule recommended to the athlete:

Day 1:

reakfast- High energy cereal with whole milk

Fruit of his choice

Apricot nectar juice

Lunch-

aked tuna

aked potato

Lima beans

Frozen Yogurt

Dinner-

Steak

aked potato

Corn and peas

Frozen sherbet

Snack (3)- left up to the athlete

Day 2:

reakfast- Eggs and whole wheat or grain toast

Fruit of his choice

Apple juice

Lunch-

aked or roasted fish

aked potato

Corn

Frozen Yogurt

Dinner-

aked chicken

aked potato

Corn and beans

Frozen sherbet

Snack (3)- left up to the athlete

Day 3:

reakfast- Hot cereal with whole milk

Fruit of his choice

Pineapple juice

Lunch-

Steak or ground beef

aked potato

eans

Frozen Yogurt

Dinner-

aked fish

aked potato

Corn and peas

Frozen sherbet

Snack (3)- left up to the athlete

Workout schedule and recommended exercise

Work outs will be done 3 days a week and every other day to allow the muscle to heal and recuperate properly. Work out days while be Monday-Wednesday- Friday or Tuesday-…...

mla

Bibliography

Coaching Association of Canada. (2010). "Gaining Weight for Athletes." Retrieved on April 16,

2010 from  http://www.coach.ca/admin/pdf_admin/pdf/Nutrition_GainWeight_eng.pdf 

Riveria, H. (2010). "Weight Gain and Bulking Up Rules for the Natural Bodybuilder."

Retrieved on April 16, 2010 from  http://bodybuilding.about.com/od/nutritionbasics/a/bulkingupdiet.htm

People wok had to lose pounds fom thei abs, with the pesistence to make evey step geat and had objective to lose few pounds each time they execise. In fact, some of the encouagements ae not moe than umos. Scientists evealed tuths and oppotunities in the aticle, aiming to give eachable goals and simple methods to bun fat.
Accumulating body fat could be elated to pesonality inetness and high fatty food intake fo yeas, theefoe it is impotant that people incease thei awaeness to educe fatty components in thei diets fo egula basis, while at the same time incease active body movement fom daily activities and mild execises.

The aticle explained, while a numbe of people misundestood that cutting fat intake and aising execise fequency gow linea with body fat loss, in eality, half of the points may need second thought. Thee ae many factos contibuting to obesity.

Human develops fatty cells…...

mla

reference:

Meyer, M. (1999). The Truth About Losing Body Fat. Better Homes and Gardens. Mar. 1999

Supplemental references:

Common Mistake That Prevents Most People from Losing Weight and How to Avoid It. Better Nutrition. May, 2003. Primamedia Intertec.

Bemben, M.G. (1998) Age-Related Variability in Body Composition Methods For Assessment of Percent Fat and Fat-Free Mass in Men Aged 20-74 Years. Age and Ageing.

)
Further, within this essay I have explained key reasons for how and why women's mere building of healthy muscle through appropriate weight-lifting exercise will not in fact make women "bulk up" (and that in order to do so, women must in fact weight train in a particularly rigorous and deliberate way, one that average female weight-lifters simply do not). Instead, weight-lifting allows most women who exercise regularly and correctly in this way to become healthier, more physically fit, more physically attractive, and therefore to like themselves better and gain greater self-confidence. Women who have been holding back from weight-lifting due to the unrealistic fear of building too much muscle may now, therefore, relax about this faulty myth, pack their gym bags, and head fearlessly toward those barbells and/or Nautilus machines!

eferences

Bedeaux, J. (2006). Biggest benefits of strength training. Changing Shape.

etrieved November 8, 2006, at http://www.changingshape. http://72.14.

104/search?q=cache:68yf2lMgweUJcom/resources/articles / strength-training-for-woman.asp+dispelling+women%27s+fear+of+weight+ lifting&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=2.html.

David, M. (2006).…...

mla

References

Bedeaux, J. (2006). Biggest benefits of strength training. Changing Shape.

Retrieved November 8, 2006, at http://72.14.http://www.changingshape.

104/search?q=cache:68yf2lMgweUJcom/resources/articles / strength-training-for-woman.asp+dispelling+women%27s+fear+of+weight+ lifting&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=2.html.

David, M. (2006). Women who lift weights turn into men? Retrieved November 7, 2006, from: http:www.healthguidance, org/article/36011/women-who-lift-weights turn-into-men.html.

Weight and Obesity
The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Immigrant Women from Sub-Saharan Africa Living in Grande Prairie, Alberta

In spite of the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population, little attention has been paid to immigrant communities, which are at a greater risk of weight gain compared to the majority. This is quite disturbing given the increased rate of migration from low-income countries. Lack of epidemiological data relating to overweight and obesity is particularly true for women of sub-Saharan African origin living in Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada. This study will involve a cross-sectional survey, to fill this gap in literature. A sample of 100 subjects is deemed to be representative of the target population. Knowledge of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population will be important for designing weight management interventions for this group, thereby reducing the risk of overweight and obesity as well as…...

mla

References

Adhikari, A., (2014). Prevalence of obesity among immigrants living in Canada. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2(1): 35-39.

Choi, J. (2012). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US immigrants: results of the 2003 New Immigrant Survey. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14(6), 1112-1118.

City of Grande Prairie (2015). Census population. Retrieved from:  http://www.cityofgp.com/index.aspx?page=2507 

Gele, A., & Mbalilaki, A. (2013). Overweight and obesity among African immigrants in Oslo. BMC Research Notes, 6: 119.

Eating Behaviors in First Year College Students
Drugs and Alcohol

Eating Behaviors in the First Year College Students

Eating Behaviors in First Year College Students

The transition from high school to undergraduate life is perhaps of the most challenging experiences from adolescence into early adulthood. One of the common side effects of this transition is weight gain that occurs during the first or freshman year of college. The paper will discuss how behaviors related to eating habits and alcohol consumption contributes to the general weight gain of first year undergraduates. Among college students, this weight gain is fairly typical and is known as "the freshman 15," referring to the average amount of pounds undergraduates gain over the course of freshman year -- fifteen pounds. It is a requirement of most colleges and universities of the United States that students are mandated to live on campus and eat from a school meal plan for their…...

mla

References:

Anderson, D.A., Shapiro, J.R., & Lundgren, J.D. (2003) The freshman year of college as a critical period for weight gain: An initial evaluation. Eating Behaviors, 4, 363 -- 367.

Lowe, M.R., Annunziato, R.A., Didie, E., Stice, E., Markowitz, J.T., Bellace, D.L., Riddell, L., Maille, C., & McKinney S. (2006) Multiple types of dieting prospectively predict weight gain freshman year of college. Appetite, 47, 83 -- 90.

Lowery, S.E., Robinson Kurpius, S.E., Blanks, E.H., Sollenberger, S., Nicpon, M.F., Befort, C., & Huser, L. (2005) Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Male and Female First Year College Students. Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 612 -- 623.

Racette, PhD., S.B., Deusinger, PhD, PT, S.S., Strube, PhD, M.J., Highstein, RN, PhD, G.R., & Deusinger, PT, PhD, R.H. (2005) Weight Changes, Exercise, and Dietary Patterns During Freshman and Sophomore Years of College. Journal of American College Health, 53(6), 245 -- 252.

In most of the studies, low carb and low fat dieters have been compared. In one of these studies, two groups of people were chosen. One of these groups was given the low fat diet and the other group was given the low carb diet. Exercise routines were designed for these groups. In the end of the study that was carried out for a period of two years, it was found that the same amount of weight was lost by the two groups and, health parameters in the two groups were the same. Most of the studies have shown that there could be a greater degree of weight loss in the first 3 to 6 months of using low carb diets. Nevertheless, after some months, there are no differences in the weight. Calories are the most important factor in the case of these two kinds of diets.
esults

Most of the…...

mla

References

D'Arrigo, T. (2007). "Low-fat vs. low-carb. What really works?" Diabetes Forecast 60(7):16.

Flynn, Mary. Low-Fat Lies: High Fat Frauds and the Healthiest Diet in the World. Regnery Publishing, 2000.

Kim, J.Y., Yang, Y.H., Kim, C.N., Lee, C.E., and Kim, K.I. (2008). "Effects of very-low-carbohydrate (horsemeat- or beef-based) diets and restricted feeding on weight gain, feed and energy efficiency, as well as serum levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin and ketone bodies in adult rats." Ann Nutr Metab.53 (3-4):260-7.

Lutz, Wolfgang., Allen, Christian., and Allan, B. Christian. Life Without Bread: How a Low Carbohydrate Diet Can Save Your Life. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2000.

People can exercise their free choice at the grocery store by choosing organic foods, although because of generally higher costs of organic products, this will not be a solution for everyone. People in lower socioeconomic groups often get food at discount chains or even food pantries where organics are not even a choice at all.
There is no incentive for makers of agricultural chemicals to modify their products in response to charges about obesogens. As the documentary films the Future of Food and King Corn pointed out, the use of pesticides is very big business. Though detrimental effects of pesticides and genetically-modified seeds and food have been shown, further research is needed to prove the link between pesticides and genetic modifications that lead to obesity in infants and children. When and if that link is proven, the public will have to demand that the government take action. Consumer advocate organizations…...

mla

References

Adler, N.E., & Stewart, J. (2009). Reducing obesity: motivating action while not blaming the victim. Milbank Quarterly 87 (1), pp. 49-70. Retrieved from Academic Search

Premier database December 29, 2010.

Baillie-Hamilton, P.F. (2002). Chemical toxins: a hypothesis to explain the global obesity epidemic. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 8 (2), pp. 185-192.

DOI: 10.1089/107555302317371479. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database December 29, 2010.

To get enough sleep, students might have to resist the temptation to drink coffee during evening study sessions. Drinking coffee not only upsets sleep cycles; students to grab a cuppa joe with their roommates in the evening probably also grab a snack to go along with it. Too much partying can also upset sleep cycles and lead to irregular eating habits.
However, Bowe claims that partying and being lazy are not the primary causes of the freshman 15 for most students. Students with heavy work and study schedules have little time for exercise and may miss out on strict dining hall hours. Often the food served in dining halls is unpalatable too.

The freshman 15 is usually nothing to be concerned about. Being thrust into adulthood s a good thing for most college students, who learn quickly that their parents are no longer telling them when to do their homework, when…...

mla

References

Bowe, Kristen. "Freshman 15." The Gainsville Sun. 17 Oct 2007. Retrieved 23 Oct 2007 at http://newsies.gainesville.com/default.asp?item=689903

Hellmich, Nanci. "Freshman 15 Drops Some Pounds." USA Today. 23 Oct 2006. Retrieved 23 Oct 2007 at  http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2006-10-22-freshman-weight_x.htm 

Hirsch, Larissa (Medical reviewer)> "Beating the Freshman 15." Nemours Foundation: KidsHealth.org Jan 2007. Retrieved 23 Oct 2007 at  http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/college/freshman_15.html 

Peck, Jamie. "Freshman 15." Baltimore Sun. 29 Aug 2002. Retrieved 23 Oct 2007 at  http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/visitor/college/bal-hl-freshman15,0,7637105.story?coll=bal-artslife-college

Diet on the Metabolism in Mice
Metabolism is enzyme-controlled reactions that allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. In addition, metabolism implies all chemical reactions occurring in living organisms, such as digestion and transportation of substances between cells. Metabolism is classified into two; catabolism which is the breakdown of organic matter and anabolism which entails using energy to build cell components such as proteins and nucleic acids (Michie & Lowe, 2006). Metabolism is dependent on enzymes since enzymes catalyze metabolic reactions and allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment. In addition, the metabolism of an organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which it will find poisonous. Moreover, metabolic rate influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food (oach, 2002). Just like humans,…...

mla

References

Michie, K & Lowe, J (2006). Dynamic Filaments of the Bacterial Cytoskeleton. Annual Biochemical Review, 75: 467-492.

Roach, P (2002). Glycogen and its Metabolism. Current Molecular Medicine 2(2): 101-120.

Almind, K & Kahn, CR (2002). Genetic Determinants of Energy Expenditure and Insulin

Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Diabetes 53: 3274-3285.

1. A diet or lifestyle related disease is one that is brought about specifically because of the type of diet the person has or the lifestyle he or she chooses to live. 2. Obesity causes many health issues. The most common are sleep apnea, type II diabetes, and heart disease. 3. Obesity is linked to both diet and lifestyle. Someone who overeats and also does not exercise can become obese over time. 4. In society, obesity causes higher health care costs, "fat shaming," and discomfort for many people because of a lack of ability to accommodate larger-sized people (think airplane and bus seats,....

We can explain the concept of what punishment is and how it could be tied to not drinking water, as well as explain how you could chart or graph results with a study group that was not drinking water and a control group that was consuming the recommended amount of water.   Unfortunately, you omitted some of the information we would need to write an answer specifically addressing the experiment you appear to be referencing.  

Essay Topics on the Recent Childhood Obesity Epidemic

Introduction:

In recent years, childhood obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern, affecting millions of children worldwide. The epidemic has far-reaching implications for both the physical and mental well-being of our children. This essay presents a comprehensive overview of the current childhood obesity epidemic, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.

Causes of Childhood Obesity:

Dietary Factors: The consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats contributes significantly to childhood obesity.
Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and increased screen time have led to decreased energy expenditure and increased calorie intake.
Genetic....

1. The effects of alcohol consumption on mental health.
2. The impact of advertising on alcohol consumption.
3. Alcohol consumption among college students and its consequences.
4. The relationship between alcohol consumption and violence.
5. Alcohol consumption trends and patterns among different demographics.
6. The role of peer pressure in alcohol consumption behavior.
7. The economic costs of alcohol consumption on society.
8. Alcohol consumption and its link to chronic health conditions.
9. Strategies for reducing harmful alcohol consumption in communities.
10. The cultural norms and attitudes surrounding alcohol consumption.
11. The correlation between alcohol consumption and risky behavior such as driving under the influence.

12. The effects of alcohol consumption....