Women's ights In Saudi Arabia
Despite recent media attention stemming from Saudi Arabia's recent legislative decision to allow women the right to vote and run in the 2015 municipal elections, the truth remains that Saudi Arabian women remain some of the most tightly-controlled and oppressed populations in the world in terms of legislation and cultural practices -- both of which prohibit them from having the same rights as men. In viewing the existence and role of Saudi Arabian women in society, the struggle towards equality remains one that is both difficult and unprecedented largely because of the cultural, economic, and educational burdens that exist within the country, along with legislation on women's rights lingering years behind that of the western world.

Cultural Burdens

Women's rights in Saudi Arabia are largely defined by the teachings of Islam and Islamic Law known as Sharia, which are based on the Qur'an and the teachings of Muhammad.…...

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References

Baki, R. (2008). Gender-segregated education in Saudi Arabia: its impact on social norms and the Saudi labor market. Education Policy Analysis, 12.2: pp. 25-38. Web. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Coleman, I. (2010). The global glass ceiling. Foreign Affairs, 89:3, pp. 13-21. Web.

Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Hanley, D. (2010). Empowering Saudi Arabian women. The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, 24.7: pp. 73-75. Web. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

omen in nineteenth century Europe were systematically excluded from positions of power in the public spheres including but not limited to political and economic domains. Thus invisible and disenfranchised, women were relegated to being priestesses in the cult of domesticity: the private sphere that was at once necessary for the maintenance of life but also restricting in its roles and functions. The cult of domesticity was open primarily to members of the white middle class: females in the province of the dominant culture. omen of color and the very poor would have been summarily exempt, as their labor duties were too valuable to be restricted to the domestic sphere. In her decisive apology for patriarchy, Ellis starts by linguistically feminizing her native England: "One of the noblest features in her national character is the domestic character of England -- the home comforts, and fireside virtues for which she is so…...

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Works Cited

Ellis, Sara Stickney. The cult of domesticity: A system of middle-class values and social duties. Retrieved online:  http://college.cengage.com/history/west/resources/students/primary/domestic.htm#source 

Image 1 "Two Spheres of Life":  http://www.historyteacher.net/images/TwoSpheresOfLife.JPG 

Image 2: Gibson: http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/386/graphics/gibson.gif

Image 3: Brooke's Soap:  http://taapworld.wikispaces.com/file/view/P3060043.jpg/301804162/P3060043.jpg

On the othe hand, women view dange associated wit achievement at the wokplace, as being left alone o isolated by othe employees (With, 2001).
VI. Tuning point in histoy

Fom my point-of-view, I see that much has happened on the changing ole of men and women at home. Both women and men can be found doing the dishes, laundy, cleaning (these wee egaded as female wok by tadition), and it is thei esponsibility to maintain vehicles, the lawn and appliances (in the past this was man's wok). Maiage has lost its oiginal meaning and nowadays it is moe to do with patneship. This is the case because women have made thei way to the wokfoce, the geat education and affluence of society, ate of divoce, and the movement by the feminist. Men still top the chats as they still have domination at thei places of wok in tems of highe degees…...

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references: The Role of Gender Self-Schema. Journal of Applied

Psychology, 91(2), 437-445. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.437

Klenke, K. (1996). Women and leadership: A contextual perspective. New York: Springer Pub.

Co.

Leeming, A. (1993). Breaking through the glass ceiling: Women and management education.

Question #11

This picture displays the many steps involved in a man's drinking and his addiction to alcohol. It begins with a friendly drink but ends up with alcohol destroying the family. The image of a woman and her child leaving a ruined home reinforced the idea that alcohol destroyed homes. Women were particularly interested in the Temperance Movement because they felt that the destruction of their families was being caused by their husband's alcoholism. If women could remove alcohol from society, they felt that their husbands would become decent and hard-working members of society.

Question #12

Women played an important role in the Abolitionist Movement and this picture, taken from the weekly Abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, is an attempt to draw sympathy from women for the fate of women slaves. It depicts a woman slave on her knees, chained, but pleading, almost as if she is praying for release from her misery.…...

Women's oles In New England During Colonial America
Today, women still have not seen an acceptable level of equality compared to their male counterparts. Yet, the struggle for women's rights have improved conditions for modern women tremendously when compared to the roles that the sex was limited to play during the colonial period. In Colonial America, women were often limited to purely caretakers, dealing only with domestic and child raising matters. Still, even in such belittling times, many women during the American evolution found ways to truly embody the spirit of independence, thus influencing the future fate of an emerging nation.

Every society is in many ways characterized by its notions of gender roles. A gender system within any given society "is the way in which this differentiation creates expectations for behavior and apportions power between men and women" (Middleton & Lombard 2011 p 158). These social structures determine what roles the…...

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References

Berkin, Carol. (1997). First Generations: Women in Colonial America. Macmillan.

Jennings, John. (2003). The ladies' defence. Revolution & Romanticism. Web. http://www.crcstudio.org/streetprint/Pages/viewtext.php?s=search&tid=37&route=basicsearch.php&sterms=women&s=browse#

Library of Congress. (1782). Verses, made on the sudden death of six young women and one boy, who were drowned at Jamestown. An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera. Web. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbpe&fileName=rbpe16/rbpe165/1650120a/rbpe1650120a.db&recNum=0&itemLink=D-rbpebib:24:./temp/~ammem_qbIi::&linkText=0

Middleton, Richard & Lombard, Anne. (2011). Colonial America: A History to 1763. John Wiley & Sons.

Women
The sphere of women's work had been strictly confined to the domestic realm, prior to the Industrial evolution. Social isolation, financial dependence, and political disenfranchisement characterized the female experience prior to the twentieth century. The suffrage movement was certainly the first sign of the dismantling of the institutionalization of patriarchy, followed by universal access to education, and finally, the civil rights movement. Opportunities for women have gradually unfolded since the suffrage movement. Although patriarchal social norms still hold sway in some situations, the isolation of women has long been outmoded in the West.

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869, with the fundamental focus of obtaining a Constitutional Amendment guaranteeing women the full rights of citizenship. The early woman suffrage movement coincided with abolitionism, but later evolved as its own distinct social cause. The cause remained localized, confined to petitions to reform state…...

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References

Buechler, S.M. (1990). Women's Movements in the United States. Rutgers University Press.

DuBois, E.C. (1978). Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848-1869. Cornell University Press.

Flexner, E. & Fitzpatrick, E.F. (1996). Century of Struggle: The Women's Rights Movement in the United States. Harvard University Press.

Gallo, M.M. (2005). Winds of change: The Daughters of Bilitis and lesbian organizing. Retrieved online:  http://www.gerberhart.org/dob.html

Women and the Union: Struggle for Change
Women's rights have enjoyed an increasingly prominent position in society and the workplace since the suffragettes managed to gain the vote for women. Acknowledging the intelligence and power of women as sufficient to allow them voting rights has led to other allowances as well. Throughout the 20th century, this struggle has not been an easy one, but it has been one that has gained steady ground through the decades. Since the 1970s, women have found themselves increasingly involved in unions, creating committees and combining forces to obtain a stronger position within unions and thus, by association, within the workplace and society in general. This has also become true on a global level, where globalization has created a much wider platform upon which women can make their voices heard.

White (1993, p. 123) notes that, although unions are by nature of concern to women and the…...

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References

Briskin, L. (1999). Autonomy, diversity and integration: Union women's separate organizing in North American and Western Europe in the context of restructuring and globalization. Women's Studies International Forum, 22(5), 543-554.

Chandler, S.K. And Jones, J. (2003). You have to do it for the people coming: Union organizing and transformation of immigrant women workers. Affilia, 18(3), 254-271,

Rajalakshmi, T.K. (1999, July). Sita and her daughters: Women workers at an Indian export-processing zone. Retrieved from:  http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/sita-cn.htm .

White, J. (1993). Women's activities and issues inside unions. In J. White (Ed.), Sisters and solidarity: Women and unions in Canada (pp. 123-137). Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing Inc.

The authors further point out that at the time, NWSA did not accept male membership as its focus was firmly trained on securing the voting rights of women nationwide. As their push for the enfranchisement of women at the federal level became more and more untenable, NWSA shifted its focus to individual states. In so doing, it planned to create a ripple effect that could ease the attainment of its agenda across other states. It is however important to note that despite adopting similar approaches, these two groups had to contend with quite a number of challenges particularly in the 1880s. For instance, both NWSA and AWSA were unable to attract and maintain the much needed broad support particularly from male politicians. The support the two groups had from women was also not guaranteed. Indeed, as Horowitz points out, the average American woman was not really concerned with the…...

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References

Buckley, Susan. 2011. Voting Rights. Pelham, NY: Benchmark Education Company.

Danver, Stephen L., Ed. 2011. Revolts, Protests, Demonstrations, and Rebellions in American History: An Encyclopedia. Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.

Dilke, Mary. 2009. Women's Suffrage. Culver City, CA: Social Studies School Service.

Frost-Knappman, Elizabeth, and Kathryn Cullen-DuPont. 2009. Women's Suffrage in America. Updated Edition. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.

omen and Health Agenda Over the Last 20 Years
This review is about women's health demands and their contribution in creating a healthy society. For many decades, orld Health Organization (HO) has had tremendous measures that concern women's health. omen's health remains a crucial priority by various healthcare agencies. This review explains why various healthcare institutions take a great initiative in ensuring that women's health remains an urgent priority in the society. In addition, this review takes a stock of our own understanding about women's health issues at all stages of their live. Highlighting major issues - some health issues are familiar, while others merit more focus on opportunities for developing the society.

Furthermore, the review also identifies areas that provide better information plus policy discussion at national, regional and international level. The work also shows the significance of the basic health care reforms established in The world health report 2008: primary…...

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Works Cited

Antman, E.M. Time is muscle: translation into practice. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2008, 52(15), 1216-1221.

Bean-Mayberry, B., Yano, E.M., Bayliss, N., Navratil, J., Weisman, C.S., & Scholle, S.H. federally funded comprehensive women's health centers: leading innovation in women's healthcare delivery. Journal of Women's Health, 2007, 16(9), 1281-90.

Berger, J., Bairey-Merz, C., Redberg, R., Douglas, P. Improving the quality of care for women with cardiovascular disease: report of a DCRI Think Tank, March 8 to 9, 2007. American Heart Journal, 2007, 156(5), 816-825.

Bonney, L.E., Clarke, J.G., Simmons, E.M., Rose, J.S., & Rich, J.D. Racial/ethnic sexual health disparities among incarcerated women. Journal of the National Medical Association, 2008, 100(5), 553-8.

Women and men are made, not born. Debate this statement
Women and Men Are Made, Not Born

The statement that - "women and men are made, not born" - invokes the notion that, it is not by birth that one acquires their gender but rather by the process of socialization. This brings into perspective the need to understand what gender is and whether, biological determination of gender at birth is sufficient. This paper discusses the statement drawing arguments form scholars and gives the authors stands on the issue.

Arguments for At birth one is not immediately aware of the social skills required in life perform or make it given the society expectations. There is a need for one to be initiated and guided through the stages of growth where lessons are given slowly. This teaching process creates a modeling process that direct one towards what the society expects of them. Eventually, it is…...

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References

ANDOLINA M.W., JENKINS K., ZUKIN C. & KEETER, S. 2003. Habits from Home, Lessons from School: Influences on Youth Civic Engagement. PS: Political Science and Politics, 36, 275-280.

BECK-GERNSHEIM E. 1998. On the Way to a Post-Familial Family: From a Community of Need to Elective Affinities. Theory, Culture & Society, 15, 53-70.

BENNER D.G. & PENNINGTON B. 2004. The Gift of Being Yourself: The Sacred Call to Self-Discovery, InterVarsity Press.

BESSANT J. & WATTS R. 2007. Sociology Australia 3rd edition, Australia, Allen & Unwin.

Women's Higher Education From 1920 To 1945
The female college students from 1920 to 1945 have had a lasting impact on women's education in the United States, which is not surprising since that generation of women was the first generation to attend colleges or universities in large groups. One of the most significant impacts is that they helped shift the face of higher education, so that women at colleges and universities are frequently in the majority and it is no longer seen as unusual for a woman to seek a higher education. However, achieving educational parity was in no way synonymous for achieving cultural parity. While women may have obtained degrees that would have enabled them to move into professional careers, that educational background did not match reality. Many employers were reluctant to hire women. Furthermore, even women who attended universities may have had attitudes that were steep in the past,…...

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References

Bullock, D. (2013, April 19). Why We Still Need All Women's Colleges in 2013. Retrieved

October 23, 2013 from Policy Mic website: / why-we-still-need-all-women-s-colleges-in-2013http://www.policymic.com/articles/36325

Faehmel, B. (2009). Before the Second Wave: College Women, Cultural Literacy, Sexuality,

and Identity, 1940-1065. Retrieved October 23, 2013 from ScholarWorks website:

Women and Unemployment
Gender identity is an individual's way of experiencing and defining their own gender. There are, of course, various ways this can be defined; the obvious physical, but then psychological, social, and cultural. Within each of these subcategories the "idea" of gender roles often changes due to culture, the time period, and social mores and pressures. For instance, the idea of being a "female" during certain stages of history was to forage for food close to the camp, raise the children, look after the livestock, and be the solidifier of the community while the "male" hunted for food. Similarly, the idea of gender and its societal and cultural definition and actualization has evolved in the modern workplace (Baron, 2003; Unger, 2004).

ecently, scholars have focused on the study of gender roles in numerous aspects of contemporary society. Some of this research has concentrated on the way gender roles in leadership…...

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REFERENCES

Baron-Cohen, Simon. (2003). The Essential Difference: The Truth about the Male and Female Brain. New York: Perseus.

Collinson, David and Jeff Hearn. (1994). Men, Women, and Organizations. Gender,

Work and Organization. 1(1): 2-22.

Percheski, C. (2008). Opting Out? Cohort Differences in Professional Women's Employment Rates from 1960 to 2005. American Sociological Review. 73 (3): 497-515. Retrieved from:  http://www.soc.washington.edu/users/brines/percheski.pdf

Women in the Ancient World: Witches, Wives, And Whores
One of the paradoxes of the ancient and medieval world is that although women were often discriminated against and treated as second class citizens (or not allowed to be citizens at all); they had an extremely central role in literature of the period. Women fulfilled a symbolic function in literature, representing foreignness, danger, and sexuality. Occasionally, when women's virtue surpassed that of men, this was used to goad men to behave in a more moral fashion. But the standards of behavior, conduct, and common humanity were seldom the same for both sexes. Women were usually seen as innately 'worse' than men and thus had to be 'better than men' to earn praise.

The fears of men are perhaps most starkly embodied in the character of the Greek dramatist Euripides' Medea. Not only is Medea a spurned wife: she is also a foreigner and…...

Women and Nonwhites Facing Prejudices
Back when the frontier existed, women had very limited options for independence. So, if they wanted to travel, they had to be accompanied by a man and they had to be going to their destination. Because of this, women offered their labor so that they could get what they needed. They earned the money they needed by doing laundry or cooking, sometimes they even resorted to becoming prostitutes. Like women, the non-white races also occupied the lower class, these were Indians, African-Americans, Mexicans, and the Mongolians. These races did the unskilled labor that the white man did not want to do. This included working in mines and working on the railroad generally as construction and manual labor people. Here, it will be discussed how the roles of women and other races were treated and what they did.

Introduction

In his essay, Fredrick Jackson Turner talks about how this…...

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References

Cebulla, B. (2010). How Frontier Experience Had an Impact on Women's Role. New York: GRIN Verlag.

Fowler, W. (2005). Woman on the American Frontier. New York: Cosimo, Inc.

Hall, R. (2001). Performing the American frontier, 1870-1906. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Keyes, B. (2010). The American Frontier: Our Unique Heritage. Washington DC: Kessinger Publishing.

Three appendices provide information on workshop participants and strategies to improve educational opportunities for girls. (Rihani and Prather, 2003)
The work entitled: "Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: women and the Public Sphere" states that gender inequality is the "...differential access to opportunity and security for women and girls" and that this has become an issue that is "important and visible...for the economies of the Middle East and North Africa."

While most countries in this region of the world have contributed resources that are significant in nature to the education of women and "with impressive results" and since MENA governments have spent approximately 5.3% of the GDP on education the result is a change in the "supply, quality and profile of the labor force." (Institut Europeen de Recherche sur la Cooperation Mediterraneene et Euro-Arabe, 2008) Women's entry into the labor force has been slowed due to the…...

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Bibliography

El-Sanabary, Nagat (1989) Determinants of Women's Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Illustrations from Seven Countries. PHREE Background Paper Series the World Bank, Education and Employment Division, Population and Human Resources Department, 1818 H. Street, N.W., Washington, DC 204.

Education in the Middle East (2005) Voice of America - News Report. Published online 4 June 2005. Available at  http://www.voanews.com/uspolicy/archive/2005-06/2005-06-06-voa1.cfm 

Roudi-Fahimi, F. And Moghadam, V.M. (2003) Empowering Women, Developing Society: Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa. Population Reference Bureau. Nov. 2003. Online available at  http://www.prb.org/Publications/PolicyBriefs/EmpoweringWomenDevelopingSocietyFemaleEducationintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.aspx 

Empowering Women, Developing Society: Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Summary (2006) Early Childhood Development. Online available at  http://www.comminit.com/en/node/219484

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You might want to start out with information on postnatal (postpartum) depression in general, talk about some of the symptoms, and mention that it\'s not only for women. Men often struggle with that kind of depression, but it\'s not something that\'s talked about very much - the focus is almost always on the mother. You could talk not only about the symptoms, but what fathers should do if they find themselves in that situation and how (and where) they can get help. More research is needed on the subject, along with more awareness that it even exists at all.....

There are several different ways you could approach this. For your thesis statement, consider which direction you want to take. If you\'re looking to show how this is bad for the environment, you\'ll want to consider statements regarding how the mercury gets into the fish. If you\'re focused on how mercury in fish is bad for human consumption, focus your statement on how much mercury (if any) is safe, how much fish can (or should) be eaten, or pick a particular group on which to focus (such as children or pregnant women). Then you can narrow it to something such....

In order to really understand resistance in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, it is important to look at all of the characters and not just the highlighted European males, such as the protagonist Marlowe, that sit at the center of the story.  That is because resistance is the undercurrent behind all of the action in the story.  The main characters are always acting against the threat of resistance by the African people who are often portrayed as victims, but are consistently offering resistance to the colonizers, as evidenced by the arrow attack by the natives on the ship. ....