However, the application of the 3% independent ownership has been restructured to make SPEs much clearer to delineate between parent company ownership and independent ownership.
Another major issue that arose out of the Enron scandal is the manipulation used by Anderson of derivatives. In a BBC report, Emma Clark explains, "If you dig deep enough into any financial scandal you can usually find a derivative or two to take the blame" (Callahan, npg). Derivatives are in fact financial products that derive their value from any underlying assets that a company might have. Enron, much like other companies used derivative trading in order to fully engage its business and reduce its business risks. Although it was actually profitable within its derivative trading, the accounting practices involved in calculating these profits allowed them to disguise heavy losses in its business sectors attributed to derivatives trading. Enron's case was especially severe "their dubious maneuvers involving derivatives were desgined to enhance the company's "accounting reality" at the expense of its true economic condition" (Callahan, npg). Therefore in the wake of these exploitations, the government has attempted to create many lega barriers to protect the investment of the general public. Regulations now encourage publicly traded companies to place more focus in the protection of their core financial practices rather than seek greater profits through diversification and derivative trading.
Another major issue in the Enron debacle was the lack of disclosure that was involved in the entirety of the accounting procedure. Under the auditing and accounting regulations of the time, Enron had no responsibility to disclose its financial documents for closer inspection to anyone other than its independent auditor. As a result, its claims could not be properly examined by others and thus were viewed as financially sound. This is especially true for financial arrangements that are made internally that involve "contingent liabilities." With greater disclosure in general, the loopholes of SPEs exploited by Enron would be instantly recognized and would be very hard to execute for the corporate party. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has placed greater emphasis on the use of uniform accounting...
However, when a shock happens that changes that pattern, the information is no longer relevant. In periods of turmoil, only the most up-to-date information is relevant. The usefulness of the information wanes quickly as the behavior of the company becomes more erratic. After a period of erratic behavior and change, the company may be forced to make internal changes that affect the way they do business. They may make
Accounting has been nothing if not a dynamic, global discipline over the last two decades. The role of the accountant has changed dramatically during that time and will continue to do so -- as will the nature of the challenges that the accounting profession faces" Over the past twenty years, the modern business community has been faced with the challenges of globalization, the new predominance of technology in business affairs,
Sunbeam Corporation's fraudulent accounting for its financial years 1996, 1997 and early 1998. The essay also reviews the historic audit failure that occurred, and discusses factors that contributed to the scandal and ways in which it might have been prevented. Sunbeam, the consumer brand name that was to become well-known among generations of Americans, had its beginnings in 1893 when founders John K. Stewart and Thomas J. Clark began manufacturing
Of course, it becomes a very difficult matter to overcome sparse levels of availability when they are encountered (e.g. In the more remote regions of Western Australia). Taken together, the issues suggest that the impact of availability policy on the use of alcohol may be as heterogeneous as patterns of availability themselves. The reduction of one outlet in an urban area has significantly different meaning and implications than the reduction
Hence, the likelihood of having to repurchase a large amount of repurchases would result. This was increasingly risky as the company spiralled into much lower reserves than it would admit publicly. The increasing risks were recognized by New Century employees. Despite efforts by these employees to suggest changes, the response by Senior Management was generally to reject or ignore these suggestions. Senior Management was therefore fully aware of the increase
Ethics The employee is faced with ethical requirements throughout their workday that must be met with knowledge and a trained attitude. Workplace ethics is one of the most crucial elements whether the person involved in an ethical dilemma is a high-level manager or an entry-level employee. An ethical stance is important because it is what guides the interactions that the employees will have with each other, their management, and the customers
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