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It differs from direct evidence, which does not need reasonable inference to prove a fact.
A d) Relevant evidence attempts to prove or disprove any issue of fact, which has some consequence to a given case (FindLaw 2009). It is the opposite of competent evidence, Competent evidence is one that is admissible, relevant and material to the factuality of the issue. Criminal Investigation, 2006. North Carolina Justice
A e) Non-competent evidence includes hearsay, privilege communication and illegally- seized evidence (FindLaw 2009). Hearsay is a statement given out-of-court and not under oath to serve as evidence of proof that what it states is true. Privileged communication is a private statement kept in confidence (Answers.com 2009). It cannot be used as evidence in court because it excludes or protects relevant facts from investigation. And illegally-seized evidence is inadmissible in court as it violates the defendant's Fourth Amendment rights. The Fourth Amendment protects the accused or a person against unreasonable searches and seizures by authorities. When unreasonably obtained, the evidence will be excluded from trial (Answers.com).
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Exclusionary Rule. http://www.answers.com/topic/exclusionary-rule
Brown, Alvin and Associates. Criminal Investigation, 2002. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 from http://irstaxattorney.com/criminalinvestigation/criminal_investigation.html
Academy. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://www.justice.state.nc.us/NCJA/i_crimin.pdf
D'Amico, Daniel. The Use of Knowledge in Proportionate Punishment, 2007. Mercatus
Center: George Mason University. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/candidates/2007/DDKnoweldge_5.pdf
Doyle, Charles. Probable Cause, Reasonable Suspicion and Reasonableness in the Context of the Fourth Amendment and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, 2006. American Law Division: Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://www.fas.org/crs/intel/m013006.pdf
FindLaw. FindLaw Dictionary, 2009. Thomson Reuters: FindLaw.com. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://dictionary.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/results.pl?co=dictionary.lp.findlaw.com&topic=ef/ef86e306d7
Master'sGirl. The Differences between Scientific Research and a Criminal Investigation.
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PInow. Criminal Investigations. PInow.com, 2005. Retrieved on March 8, 2009 at http://www.pinow.com/investigations/criminal_investigations
Bibliography
Answers.com. Privileged Communication, 2009. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://www.answers.com/topic/privileged-communication
Exclusionary Rule. http://www.answers.com/topic/exclusionary-rule
Brown, Alvin and Associates. Criminal Investigation, 2002. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 from http://irstaxattorney.com/criminalinvestigation/criminal_investigation.html
Congressional Research Service. Criminal Investigation, 2006. North Carolina Justice
Academy. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://www.justice.state.nc.us/NCJA/i_crimin.pdf
Center: George Mason University. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/candidates/2007/DDKnoweldge_5.pdf
Doyle, Charles. Probable Cause, Reasonable Suspicion and Reasonableness in the Context of the Fourth Amendment and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, 2006. American Law Division: Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://www.fas.org/crs/intel/m013006.pdf
FindLaw. FindLaw Dictionary, 2009. Thomson Reuters: FindLaw.com. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at http://dictionary.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/results.pl?co=dictionary.lp.findlaw.com&topic=ef/ef86e306d7
Associated Content: Associated Content, Inc., 2009. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/31614/thedifference_between_scientific_pg2.html?cat=
PInow. Criminal Investigations. PInow.com, 2005. Retrieved on March 8, 2009 at http://www.pinow.com/investigations/criminal_investigations
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