Money functions as a placeholder in any economic system; it does not have value outside of what its users place in it as a system of exchange. As noted by Asmundson & Oner (2012), the creation of money is one of the most significant developments in human civilization. Without money, human beings would be reduced to bartering for goods and services. While this may be feasible on a small-scale, community basis, this is not true for a national economy. For many centuries, gold and silver were the primary means of universal exchange, and all national currencies were linked to the possession of precious metals. But “eventually, the paper claim on the precious metal was delinked from the metal,” and paper money became common, although “fiat money is materially worthless, but has value simply because a nation collectively agrees to ascribe a value to it” (Asmundson & Oner, 2012, par. 10).….

Bitcoin
Explain the Functions of Money

Money as a Means of Exchange

This is a vital function of money in an economy because without money, the only way of exchanging goods and services would be by means of barter, which implies a direct exchange of one commodity for another. The economies we line in are monetary economies in which most of the goods and services produced are exchanged via the intermediary of money, rather than through barter. Whenever money is used to pay for goods and services or for the purpose of settling transactions, it is functioning as a medium of exchange (Jain et al., 2011).

Money as a Unit of Account

Money ought to be able to measure exactly what something is worth. Money should provide an agreed standard measure by which the value of different goods and services can be compared. This implies that the function of money in the economy would be….

Cryptocurrencies: Background, Details, Advantages
Anyone mildly acquainted with cryptocurrency has probably heard of a currency called Bitcoin. Bitcoin and the success of bitcoin are what helped surge interest within the entire cryptocurrency market, as many view bitcoin as the pioneer of the market as a whole. According to the authoritative website cointelegraph.com, “A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency designed to work as a medium of exchange. It uses cryptography to secure and verify transactions as well as to control the creation of new units of a particular cryptocurrency. Essentially, cryptocurrencies are limited entries in a database that no one can change unless specific conditions are fulfilled” (2017). The marketplace of cryptocurrency now has several digital-based coins, and many investors view it as where the future of money is headed, though to many it remains a nebulous somewhat mysterious place. 

Most Popular

As stated earlier, bitcoin is probably one of the most….

RMMagazine 1
Tuttle, H. (2018). Only half of ransomware payouts result in data recovery. Retrieved from http://www.rmmagazine.com/2018/04/02/only-half-of-ransomware-payouts-result-in-data-recovery/
Tuttle (2018) describes how ransomware attacks are rising and people are losing their data to these attackers, who hack into computers and networks, take the information that is stored therein by locking out the users and obliging them to pay a ransom in order to get access to their data. This is why it is called ransomware. The hackers hold the data hostage (instead of people), and if the ransom is paid, then the hackers are supposed to give access back to the rightful owner. However, as Tuttle (2018) shows, there is really only a 50-50 chance of one actually getting their data back if they do decide to pay the ransom.
These findings come from the research firm CyberEdge Group, which “found that 55% of organizations were compromised by ransomware last year” (Tuttle, 2018). That is….

The finance world is finally abuzz with news of bitcoin and other cryptocurrency. What are cryptocurrencies, and what do potential investor need to know about them? This bitcoin essay offers a brief background of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, also referring to the blockchain software that underlies them. Then, this bitcoin essay explores what financial analysts say about the viability of bitcoin as an investment. Finally, this essay will how and why people purchase bitcoin, as well as how bitcoin can be used as both currency or as investment.
Because they are taking the financial world by storm, is important to learn about bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. This bitcoin essay will explain bitcoin in simple terms anyone can understand. Ultimately, this essay will show that bitcoin is a risky but potentially lucrative investment. Although the numbers of “bitcoin billionaires” is low, there are a lot of ordinary people who have made a….

Pony Botnet attack. Details about the attack, resolutions, and concerned parties will be studied.
Background/Hacking

Botnets can be loosely described as a collection of interconnected compromised devices, known as 'zombies', synchronously working with compromised devices to execute malicious tasks. Zombies are not self-directed like internet worms; they need proper direction to carry out a particular function. Zombies can be transmitted by a variety of channels for instance, an Internet elay Chat (IC) channel, from where the commands are sent by a master channel by these zombies (Jermyn et.al, 2014). Some typical botnet tasks include mass spamming a company's email address. One email address could be attacked by numerous zombie devices instigating a denial of service.

In case of smartphones, botnets can cause potential damage to cellular network infrastructure because they have firm hierarchical dependencies; therefore, they would be unable to counter this cyber-attack. The recent academic work based on mass botnet attacks….

In this dark net essay, we will investigate the dark net. We will describe what it is, what it is not, and how to access in it. The essay will contain information about how the dark web became a way to engage in criminal activity, including: buying and selling drugs; buying and selling weapons; buying and selling fake IDs; trafficking in counterfeit goods; and buying and selling credit card information, social security numbers, and other information necessary for identity theft. The essay will delve into some of the history of the dark net, including the founding of Silk Road, and other services such as nucleus and alpha bay. It will explore the relationship of the dark net to digital currency like bitcoin and blockchain. Our example essay will not only explain the dark net, but also show you how to write the individual parts of an essay including the: introduction,….

In this dark net essay, we will investigate the dark net.  We will describe what it is, what it is not, and how to access in it.  The essay will contain information about how the dark web became a way to engage in criminal activity, including: buying and selling drugs; buying and selling weapons; buying and selling fake IDs; trafficking in counterfeit goods; and buying and selling credit card information, social security numbers, and other information necessary for identity theft.  The essay will delve into some of the history of the dark net, including the founding of Silk Road, and other services such as nucleus and alpha bay.  It will explore the relationship of the dark net to digital currency like bitcoin and blockchain.  Our example essay will not only explain the dark net, but also show you how to write the individual parts of an essay including the: introduction,….

ECBs ole in Stabilizing the Euro: Literature eviewIntroductionIn 1999, the European Central Bank (ECB) took on the role of overseeing the monetary policy for the EU to ensure a stable currency. During the nearly two decades that have passed since, the ECB has faced two significant economic crises: the first very early on its new role, and the second approximately half a decade later when the Great Economic Crisis sent waves throughout the global economy. In order to understand the uniqueness of the ECBs challenge in overseeing monetary policy in order to ensure stability in the Euro, is that the EU is not one nation but several nations, distinct in culture and economy, brought together under one umbrella monetary management system as it were. Navigating the widespread differences and establishing a policy to manage them so that both Germans and Greeks, for example, can share in the benefits of the….

57 Spillover Effect on the Stock Market and Bond Prices in Relation with GARCH
Abstract
This study examines the spillover effect between bond and stock markets in the U.S. using GARCH. The finding of a unidirectional spillover flow from bonds to stocks in the U.S. is discussed in the light of new marketplace variables that have been introduced into the markets in the previous decade. These variables include the rise of HFT, algorithm-driven trading, and central banking interventionism via unconventional monetary policy. The effect on forecasting volatility, price and return of asset classes, studied through the lens of other commodity price movement and volatility—such as oil and gold markets—creates a compelling picture for why GARCH models may need to be reworked to incorporate new data regarding the new ways in which the 21st century marketplace is using technology and central bank interventionism to shape market movements and market outcomes.
Table of Contents

1 Introduction 4
1.1….

Pervasive Video Games as Art
The form and function of art has evolved and changed quite a bit over the years, decades and millennia. Paintings and sculpture have been artistic mainstays for much to most of the world of the civilized human race. However, with the technological revolution that has roared up over the last fifty years or so, new forms of art have bubbled to the proverbial surface. Digital technology has enhanced prior forms of art e such as photography. Beyond that, completely brand new forms have art have been created and the latter is what this report is assessing in the form of pervasive video games. The depth and breadth of this art and the effects it has on its users and fans when done will are worthy of massive study and analysis both in this report and elsewhere.

Chapter I - Introduction

Video games, at this point in history in….

Dave Collum's (2016) Annual Year in Review posted at Peak Prosperity and Zero Hedge one week ago gives a lengthy rundown on the year's social, political and economic events, with the core focus of the report going to what will happen in 2017 with the price of equities, precious metals (PMs), and bonds. Collum provides analysis on investing, the U.S. economy, banks, geopolitics and much more in order to justify why he is currently at nearly 60% cash (with expectations of a substantial market correction -- or "mean regression" as he puts it -- to the downside, Collum wants to be sure to have funds available to purchase at the bottom). This paper will analyze Collum's Review and evaluate outcome expectations using three general economic principles (taken from Mankiw's Ten Principles of Economics, three macroeconomic indices, their relation to the overall article, their impact on one another and an appropriate….

Tesla AnalysisSWOT AnalysisStrengths Strong brand equity around the world Strong culture of innovation Strong and dynamic leadership team Economies of scale Access to low cost capital sources in both the debt and equity markets. Government policies cater towards productionWeaknesses Potential lack of focus with the acquisition of Solar City. Upfront costs relative to other transportation choices is still high Highly capital-intensive business which requires large amounts of continued investment thereby lowering distributable earnings to shareholders The product relies on commodities which are subject to high levels of inflation and price volatility.Threats The company is subject to economic recessions and depression that can occur unexpectedly Consumer sentiment towards the brand can change as new competitors enter the companies target markets Foreign competition can lower prices through various government subsidies and regulations (I.E. China)Opportunities Large amount of capital is being dedicated to the ESG space. Consumers have a large desire to purchase….

Strategic Choices
The author of this report is asked to do a few things within this report. First, the author is to look at and assess the Grand Strategy Selection Matrix. Second, the author is to review and assess the general business model and strategy of Overstock.com. The author of this report is to then select which of the quadrants that Overstock falls within. While it may be a little difficult to pin them down as they are like other online companies in many ways and they are also different in many ways, the choice is pretty clear to the author of this report which one applies to them.

There are, of course, four cells in the Grand Strategy matrix and they are numbered I, II, III and IV. The first cell is for companies that are in turnarounds or re-entrenchment status, are divesting or are liquidating. Examples of firms who have….

Technological Challenges of Today
The objective of this study is to answer as to what challenges law enforcement officials have faced in the light of technological advances throughout the global environment and to discuss a minimum of three problems that such changes have created. This study will answer as to what the recommendations are for future action that could assist law enforcement officials in becoming more effective in the investigation and prevention of such challenges.

Organized Crime and Technology

The work of Bjelopera and Finklea (2012) reports that technological advances have created new challenges for law enforcement particularly in the area or organized crime. This is because "modern organized criminals often prefer cellular or networked structural models for their flexibility and avoid the hierarchies that previously governed more traditional organized crime groups." (p.1) These type of "fluid network structures" make it more difficult for law enforcement to "infiltrate, disrupt, and dismantle conspiracies." (Bjelopera….

## Crypto Market Dynamics and Emerging Trends

### 1. Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

- Growth and Innovation: DeFi protocols offer a range of financial services, such as lending, borrowing, and trading, without the need for intermediaries.
- New Tokenomics: DeFi introduces innovative token designs that reward liquidity providers and community members.
- Interoperability: Cross-chain bridges allow users to transfer assets across different blockchains, facilitating DeFi activities.

### 2. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

- Digital Collectibles and Art: NFTs represent unique and verifiable digital assets, enabling the ownership and trading of digital art, collectibles, and other items.
- New Markets: NFTs create new markets for digital creators, artists, and collectors.
-....

One recent news story related to drug trafficking in Italy is the arrest of Italian mafia boss Raffaele Imperiale in Dubai in November 2021. Imperiale has been on the run since 2016, when he was convicted in Italy for drug trafficking and sentenced to 30 years in prison. His arrest highlights the global reach of Italian organized crime groups and the challenges law enforcement agencies face in tracking down and apprehending these powerful criminals.

Another potential essay topic related to drug trafficking in Italy is the increasing use of cryptocurrency by drug traffickers to facilitate their illicit activities. In recent years,....

One recent news topic related to fraud that could make a good essay subject is the rise of fraud in the cryptocurrency market. With the increasing popularity of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, there has been a corresponding increase in fraudulent schemes targeting investors. From fake ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) to Ponzi schemes, investors are vulnerable to falling victim to these scams. This essay could explore the factors contributing to the rise of fraud in the cryptocurrency market, the impact on investors, and potential solutions to combat this growing problem.
Another news topic related to fraud that could make a good....

I. Introduction
A. Background information on cryptocurrency
B. Definition of cryptocurrency

II. History of Cryptocurrency
A. Emergence of Bitcoin
B. Early challenges and adoption
C. Expansion of different cryptocurrencies

III. How Cryptocurrency Works
A. Blockchain technology
B. Encryption techniques
C. Decentralized nature

IV. Benefits of Cryptocurrency
A. Security and fraud prevention
B. Accessibility and inclusivity
C. Potential for financial growth

V. Challenges and Concerns
A. Volatility and price fluctuations
B. Regulatory issues
C. Environmental impact

VI. Adoption and Mainstream Integration
A. Companies accepting cryptocurrency
B. Government regulations and policies
C. Public perception and acceptance

VII. Future of Cryptocurrency
A. Potential developments and innovations
B. Integration into....