Earthquake Preparedness
Budget Discussion

Basic Supplies

Sample Budget

Preparedness Planning and Training

Budget Discussion

The budget is a critical component of an earthquake preparedness plan. Unlike hurricanes and some other natural hazards, earthquakes strike suddenly and without warning (FEMA, 2013). There are two main consequences of an earthquake and that deal with both people and property. People are always a higher priority than property; however the property is often an interrelated concern. For example, the property should be well stocked with supplies that are needed in the event of an earthquake which can help saves lives and provide needed medical treatment should people be injured. Furthermore if the property has a structure or place to go in the event of an earthquake then this can mitigate any injures to the inhabitants of the building. This proposal will outline a sample plan for a large office building.

Having adequate supplies are of the utmost importance when it comes…...

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Works Cited

FEMA. (2013, January 18). Earthquake Safety at Work. Retrieved from FEMA:  http://www.fema.gov/earthquake/earthquake-safety-work 

Mudarri, D.F. (2007). Public health and economic impact of dampness in mold. Indoor Air, 226-235.

Muto, M., & Krishnan, S. (2011). Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst: Response of Tall Steel Buildings to the ShakeOut Scenario Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 375-398.

Red Cross. (N.d.). Get a Survival Kit. Retrieved from Red Cross:  http://www.redcross.org/prepare/location/home-family/get-kit

Earthquake and Tsunami
Tsunamis and earthquakes are both natural disasters arising out of the movement of the earth's tectonic plates. There are a number of risk-management plans in place that can help mitigate each disaster, but some, frankly, are more effective than others. The risk management of both earthquakes and tsunamis are entirely dependent upon the location and severity of the issue. For instance, Japan, which is prone to both, has built a number of tsunami walls designed to protect the shore from waves. They have also built floodgates and channels to redirect the water should it rise above the protection. Some countries plant vegetation like coconut palms or casurina to create a natural barrier, and studies have shown that mangrove forests and enhanced coral reefs can, if worked properly, reduce tsunami wave heights by about 80% (Tsunami Barriers). Both earthquakes and tsunamis can be mitigated by reforestation projects (tsunamis), but…...

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Works Cited

Abe, T. "The Lessons of the Great Tohoku Earthquake." 17 November 2011. Fujitsu Research Insitute. Web. October 2012. .

Buerk, R. "Japan Earthquake." 11 March 2011. BBC News Asia Pacific. Web. October 2012. .

Copolla, D. Introduction to International Disaster Management. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, 2011. Print.

Keils-Borok, V., et.al. "Geo-Complexity and Earthquake Prediction." March 2011. Extreme Environmental Events. Web. October 2012. .

Earthquake Mitigation Planning
Earthquakes are low probability, high consequence events with devastating irreversible consequences. Moderate earthquakes and cause serious damages to buildings, non-structural building systems, serious injuries to human beings and disruption of operations, however major earthquakes can cause catastrophic damages which include among others structural collapse and an extensive massive destruction and loss of life (Philip Berke, et.al., 1989).

It is important therefore that everyone responsible for the safety of people and property should understand and evaluate the management of the risks particularly those that threaten the lives of civilians, government and other social institutions have a responsibility to the public to ensure that their safety is guaranteed. Natural hazard mitigation strategies can reduce the impact of hazard events in schools. The mitigation measures should be put in place and implemented by all stakeholders, which includes developing elationships with emergency management services and the community members before Disasters come calling and…...

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References

Atsuhiro Dodo, Ningxiong Xu, Rachel A. Davidson & Linda K. Nozick, (2006). 13th World Conference On Earthquake Engineering. Optimizing the Selection of Regional Earthquake

Mitigation Strategies; Retrieved August 23, 2012 from Http://Www.Iitk.Ac.In/Nicee/Wcee/Article/13_269.Pdf

Philipberke, Timothy Beatleey & Suzanne Wilhite, ( 1989). International Journal Of Mass Emergemcieies And Disasters: Influence On Local Adoption Of Planning Measures For Earthquake Hazard Mitigation. Retrieved August 23, 2012 from  http://Training.Fema.Gov/Emiweb/Downloads/Ijems/Articles/Influences%20on%20local%20adoption%20of%20planning%20measures%20for%20earthq.Pdf

Earthquake Mitigation in Emergency Management
Earthquake isks and Hazards

Earthquake isk Mitigation

Mandatory-structural Mitigation

Nonstructural Mitigation

This paper aims at analyzing the risk and hazards associated with earthquakes. In addition to that, it will also put light on the earthquake risk mitigation strategies that are used by various organizations. Apart from that, the paper will also propose strategies that would further enhance the earthquake mitigation practices of public and private institutions.

Earthquake mitigation in Emergency Management

An earthquake can be defined as the sudden slip on the fault and the resulting shaking of ground seismic energy radiations that are caused by the slip. This shaking and energy radiations can be caused by some magmatic or volcanic activities and other stress changes in the infrastructure of earth as well. (U.S. Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, 2014) The table below provides information about some of the largest earthquakes in the history of the United States of…...

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References

Col, J., & Jay, J. (2007). Successful Earthquake Mitigation in Qinglong County during the Great Tangshan Earthquake: Lessons for Hurricane Katrina in the United States. Chinese Public Administration Review, 7(1/2), 9-19.

Faculty Members of University of South Florida Honors College, (2011). A global assessment of large scale earthquakes: The impact of mitigation and preparation policies on the loss of human life, pp. 1-37. Tampa: University of South Florida Honors College.

Folger, P. (2013). Earthquakes: Risk, Detection, Warning, and Research, pp. 2-15. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service.

Ganderton, P. (2005). Benefit-Cost Analysis of Disaster Mitigation: A Review, pp. 1-26. Paris: United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Retrieved from  http://www.unisdr.org/files/1076_BCAMitFIN.pdf

earthquake Haiti 2010. hat kind plate action caused, kind seismic wave, property damage, Haiti hit hard Dominican republic small island?.
The 2010 Haiti Earthquake is certainly one of the most dramatic events happening during recent years. The whole world was took by surprise as the phenomenon occurred and people across the globe were filled with horror as it was watching Haitians struggling to provide an effective response to the disaster. The earthquake occurred on the twelfth of January 2012, at 16:53 local time and its epicenter was approximately 15 miles from the country's capital, Port-au-Prince. A series of aftershocks followed and instilled even more terror in people across the island. hile the death toll is somewhere around 316.000 people, the earthquake affected more than three million people and the world in general when considering that international players acknowledged the phenomenon's terrible consequences.

Although it is virtually impossible for someone to actually…...

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Works cited:

Lies, Anne, "The Earthquake in Haiti," (ABDO, 01.09.2010)

Schuller, Mark, and Morales, Pablo, "Tectonic Shifts: Haiti Since the Earthquake," (Kumarian Press, 31.01.2012)

Taft-Morales, Maureen, "Haiti Earthquake: Crisis and Response," (DIANE Publishing, 2011)

It is, however, true that the total nuclear power process creates much less carbon dioxide than fossil fuel plants. Once in existence, it is estimated that the total fuel cycle emissions of nuclear power plants will be 8.6 tons per gigawatt hour, whereas the figure is a massive 1.058 tons for coal plants.

Be that as it may, the total nuclear power process does create a great deal less carbon dioxide than fossil plants: one approximation estimates the total fuel cycle emissions for nuclear power plants at 8.6 tons per gigawatt hour, as compared with 1,058 tons for coal plants. Hence, it is not a wonder that environmental advocates have fixed their attention upon nuclear fusion as a potential source of not only abundant, but also an environmentally sound energy source. Indeed, it has been estimated by these same advocates that, by increasing the total nuclear input of global nuclear power…...

Earthquake Preparedness
Situations where authorities must prepare earthquake procedures are complex and require the advice of specialists in different fields. The fact that little advance has been made by science in order to forecast earthquakes determines authorities to constantly be prepared for such situations. Being prepared means having the financial resources to address the situation, having the supplies within reach, and training people on what to do in earthquake situations. In this case, the analysis addresses a small company with 50 employees.

Budget

The budget established by the organization must focus on investing in supplies and staff training, but also on ensuring the damages that are likely to be produced by earthquakes. It is important that the company is insured for natural hazards situations. However, there is certain duration between when the hazardous event produces, a team from the insurance comes to verify damages, the amount owed by the insurance company to their…...

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Reference list:

1. Emergency Procedures Earthquake (2014). USC CAPS. Retrieved May 11, 2014 from  http://capsnet.usc.edu/department/fire-safety-and-emergency-planning/emergency-procedures-earthquake .

2. Preparedness for Emergency Response (2010). FEMA. Retrieved May 12, 2014 from  https://www.google.ro/search?q=what+challenges+might+the+organization+face+in+implementing+and+maintaining+the+operations+of+the+emergency+earthquake+preparedness&hl=ro&gbv=2&oq=what+challenges+might+the+organization+face+in+implementing+and+maintaining+the+operations+of+the+emergency+earthquake+preparedness&gs_l=heirloom-serp.12...0.0.0.1954.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1ac..34.heirloom-serp..0.0.0.qKZrAJbgFbE .

3. Additional Ways to Reduce Earthquake Damage and Casualties (2010). CDEMA. Retrieved May 12, 2014 from  http://www.weready.org/earthquake/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11&Itemid=61 .

4. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach (2011). National Research Council. Retrieved May 12, 2014 from  http://books.google.ro/books?id=1kJoZWw4HqUC&pg=PA17&dq=earthquake+training+education&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=Pp9wU7KbGceEyAPf64CgBA&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20training%20education&f=false .

ISLAND EATHQUAKE PONE?
Earthquakes

Exactly two years ago, a 3.9 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Long Island and New Jersey and caused no significant damage (Perez-Pena, 2010). In contrast, the largest quake on record (5.5) for the New York City area occurred in 1884, could be felt as far away as Ohio, Virginia, and Maine, and damage was limited to chimneys and cracked walls (USGS, 2009a). Strong earthquakes rarely happen to this area and those over magnitude 5 only occur about once every hundred years, but in terms of quake activity the area ranks fourth behind Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle (Groves, 2001). To understand the seismic hazards of living on Long Island, where I live, the relevant information provided by the U.S. Geological Survey website will be used assess the relative risk for this area.

Major Fault Lines Near Long Island

The primary fault line in the eastern New…...

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References

Groves, Bob. (2001). N.J. is not immune to quakes. Woodland Park, NJ: North Jersey Media Group, Inc. Retrieved 14 May 2012 from  http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/news/2001/03-02-01_nj_quakes.html .

Kious, W. Jacquelyne and Tilling, Robert I. (2008). This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. Denver, CO: USGS Information Services. Retrieved 14 May 2012 from  http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.html .

Perez-Pena, Richard. (2010 May 14). Earthquake off Long Island. I felt it. Did you? New York Times. Retrieved 14 May 2012 from  http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/earthquake-off-long-island-i-felt-it-did-you/ .

USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). (2012a). Latest earthquakes in the U.S.A. -- Last 7 days. Earthquake.USGS.gov. Retrieved 14 May, 2012 from  http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsus/ .

Haiti Earthquake
On Tuesday, January 12, 2010, an earthquake of 7.0 on the ichter scale struck Haiti. The Haitian government estimates that over 316,000 people died as a result of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami, marking this earthquake as one of the most destructive and fatal in history. The earthquake occurred at approximately 5pm local time and the epicenter of the quake was approximately twenty-five kilometers from the country's capital, Port au Prince. The country (and the Dominican epublic) continued to experience several dozen aftershocks during the remainder of January 2010 that registered as high as 4.5 on the ichter scale. The number of people injured by the quake is the approximate number of people who died from it. More than three times as many people who were injured or killed were left homeless as a result of the quake.

The damage was severe and catastrophic. Thousands of buildings collapsed, leaving unknown…...

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References:

Bedford, Dr. D., & Faust, L. (2010) Role of Online Communities in Recent Responses to Disasters: Tsunami, China, Katrina, and Haiti. ASIST 2010, Information and Knowledge Management: Pittsburgh, PA.

Billam, R. (2010) Lessons from the Haiti earthquake. Nature, 463, 878 -- 879.

Cavallo, E., Powell, A., & Becerra, O. (2010) Estimating the Direct Economic Damages of the Earthquake in Haiti. The Economical Journal, 120, F298 -- F312.

Margesson, R., & Taft-Morales, M. (2010) Haiti Earthquake: Crisis and Response. Congressional Research Service, Available from www.crs.gov. 2012 June 10.

Earthquakes
The major earthquake that struck offshore from Japan in March, 2011, was one of the largest earthquakes experienced in that region of the world in many years. It caused massive damage and it spawned a powerful tsunami that literally wiped many Japanese towns off the map. The causes of earthquakes are known to scientists, although science has not yet become sophisticated enough to predict when and where an earthquake will occur. This paper reviews the many aspects of earthquakes and the ramifications of those disruptions of the earth's crust.

Causes of earthquakes: The United States Geological Survey (USGS) explains that an earthquake happens "when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another." The surface of the ground where the slippage took place is called the "fault" or the "fault plane." The earth actually has "four major layers, the inner core, outer core, mantle and crust," the USGS explains. The…...

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Works Cited

Brumfiel, Geoff. "Fukushima Nuclear Plant Released Far More Radiation Than Government

Said." Scientific American. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from   2011.http://www.scientificamerican.com .

College of Charleston. "How Do Earthquakes Cause Damage?" South Carolina Earthquakes

Education & Preparedness Program. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from  http://scearthquakes.cofc.edu/educators/factsheets/SCEEPFactSheets_4.pdf .

Japanese Earthquake
Impact and Lessons Learned from the 2011 Japanese Earthquake

On March 11, a ichter scale 9.0 earthquake devastated the chief island of Honshu Japan. The earthquake, tsunami and its consequences made devastating personal, social and economic harm. People worldwide were astonished by videos of blowing up nuclear power plant buildings, knocked down cities and personal stories of the disaster. The earthquake also seriously interrupted global manufacturing supply chains. In this paper, we shall expound, through modelling, comparison and analysis - issues that caused business interruptions, impacted businesses, operations management issues, and effectiveness of business decision-making relating to the 2011 Japanese Earthquake.

Earthquake isk Modelling

To manage earthquake risk, it is essential to know the size of the risk and the amount by which the risk is reduced by taking some particular action or set of actions. We thus need to be able to quantify one or more of the nine socio-economic consequences…...

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References

Buerk, Roland. (2011) Japan earthquake: Tsunami hits north-east. BBC. 11 March.

Brennan, Patrick. (2011) Lessons Learned from the Japan Earthquake. Disaster Recovery Journal. Summer - Volume 24, Issue 3. Retrieved on November 27th, 2011  http://www.drj.com/2011-articles/summer-2011-volume-24-issue-3/lessons-learned-from-the-japan-earthquake.html 

Fluchter, Winfried. (2003) Tokyo before the Next Earthquake: Agglomeration-related Risks, Town Planning and Disaster Prevention. The Town Planning Review, Vol. 74.

Milliken, Alan L. (2011) Using Exception Management to Improve the Demand Forecast. The Journal of Business Forecasting, Vol. 30.

San Francisco Earthquake
Massive Earthquake Results in Human Tragedy and Economic Loss"

Exploring the Impact of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

San Francisco CA was hit by one of the most devastating earthquakes recognized by man on April 18, 1906. The earthquake affected 430 kilometers of the famous San Andreas fault ranging from northwest of San Juan autista to Cape Mendocino (Ellsworth, 1990). The city that was once San Francisco was reduced by and large to a pile of rubble. The once proud citizens of San Francisco were reduced to wandering and sorrowful masses, trying to rebuild the once great city and recover from the loss and devastation experienced by the unexpected natural disaster.

Geology of the Earthquake

From a geological perspective, the earthquake was characterized by large horizontal displacements that caused much speculation from geologists (USGS, 2000). From these displacements the "elastic-rebound theory" of earthquakes which today is the primary model used to describe…...

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Bibliography

America Hurrah. "Municipal Reports The San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of April 1906." September 23, 2004,  http://americahurrah.com/SanFrancisco/MunicipalReports/1906/History.htm 

Bartnett, W.J. "Rebuilding San Francisco." April 29, 1906. The Virtual Museum of The City Of San Francisco. September 23, 2004,  http://www.sfmuseum.org/1906/rebuild.html 

Ellsworth, W.L., 1990, Earthquake history, 1769-1989, Chapter 6 of Wallace, R.E., ed., The San Andreas Fault System, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1515, p. 152-187. An account of historic earthquakes in California.

Greely, A.W., 1906, "Special Report of Maj. Gen. Adolphus W. Greely, U.S.A., Commanding the Pacific Division, on the Relief Operations Conducted by the Military Authorities of the United States at San Francisco and other Points"

The epicenter was over 80 miles away from any kind of population centers. The total number of casualties was 700 deaths and more than 2 million people were made homeless. The economic impact would be far less, as the damage was isolated mainly to collapsed buildings in various cities around the country. The recovery from these events was less severe. Part of the reason for this, is because Chile had learned from previous earthquakes in the past (which had devastating consequences for the country). At the same time, they were wealthier and these kinds of events were a main focus of the government (due to the frequency of them). (ajak) ("Quake Comparison")
When you compare the two earthquakes with one another, it is clear that the reason why the Haiti was more devastating is country did not experience these events on a regular basis (in comparison with Chile). At the…...

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Bibliography

"Quake Comparison." The Week, 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2011

"Types of Fault Lines." Earthquake Fact, 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2011

Bajak, Frank. "Chile Earthquake 2010." Huffington Post, 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2011

California Earthquake
Consequences of a Major Earthquake in California

On March 11, 2011 a powerful, magnitude 8.9 earthquake hit northeastern Japan, triggering a tsunami with 10-meter-high waves that reached the U.S. west coast. The earthquake was one of the five most powerful events since modern record keeping began in 1900, triggering tsunami waves of 40.5 meters (133 ft.) on Japan's coast.

One year after the event Japanese authorities reported 15,831 deaths, 6,107 injured, 3,018 missing. In all 129,225 buildings totally collapsed, 254,204 half collapsed and another 691,766 buildings partially collapsed. The earthquake and tsunami resulted in extensive damage to roads and railways; caused many fires and a dam collapse (National Police Agency of Japan, 2012). The tsunami caused a number of nuclear accidents including the ongoing level 7 meltdown at three reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant complex. esidents within a 20 km (12-mile) radius of the complex were evacuated.

Could a…...

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References

Chang, A. (2008, April 14). Big quake "guarnteed" to hit California by 2037. National geographic news. Retrieved June 18, 2012, from  http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/04/080414-AP-earthquake.html 

Henderson, P. (2011, March 15). Special report: Big California quake likey to devaste state. Reuters. Retrieved June 18, 2012, from  http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/us-quake-california-idUSTRE72E06220110315 

Koprowski, G.J. (2010, January 10). Is California due for a big earthquake? Fox news. Retrieved June 18, 2012, from  http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/01/15/america-big-earthquake/ 

National Police Agency of Japan. (2012, June 13)"Damage situation and police countermeasures associated with 2011 Tohohu district -- off Pacific ocean earthquake." National Police Agency of Japan. Retrieved June18, 2012, from http://www.npa.go.jp/archive/keibi/biki/higaijokyo_e.pdf

Haitian government intended to restore this system of law and order by reconstructing all of these legal institutions and to protect their vulnerable population whilst strengthening their administrative control and public services (FMS4Experts. Inside Disaster. The action plan).
d) a note to the relevant U.N. And local government officials, offering them advice on how to proceed to resolve the problems in Items (b) and (c) above, and how to alleviate the current misery of the suffering people of Haiti.

The government has wisely resolved to move from crisis to recovery, but the challenges here seem substantial. In fact, they seem so incorrigible and overwhelming that the government may well be stopped in its tracks from the mere enormity of their poverty and destruction, on the one hand, and their goals on the other.

The government has drafted an ambitious Activity Plan, but many times the situation may seem so overwhelming and depressing…...

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References

Beckett, G. Moving Beyond Disaster to Build a Durable Future in Haiti. SSRC.  http://www.ssrc.org/features/pages/haiti-now-and-next/1338/1341/ 

FAD Haiti. History of Haiti.  http://insidedisaster.com/haiti/the-quake/haitis-history 

Government of Haiti. (18 March, 2010) Action Plan for national recovery and development of Haiti. Relief Web. www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/SNAA-83U9KC-Open

Haiti: one year on.  http://www.cafod.org.uk/news/emergencies-updates/haiti-earthquake-one-year-on-2011-01-07/haiti-challenges-one-year-on

Oil and gas well development using hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a somewhat controversial way to get petroleum products out of the ground.  It has greatly increased the amount of accessible petroleum products that people can get from the ground, but comes with environmental concerns.  The two major environmental concerns seem to the increased potential for groundwater pollution and the increase in the likelihood of earthquakes in the area where the fracking is occurring.  Because these concerns are so well-known, we would address them in any research we did about hydraulic fracturing. 

Research Topics on Hydraulic Fracturing

1. What fluids work....

I. Introduction
A. Overview of the topography of Palestine
B. Importance of understanding the geographical features of the region

II. Physical features of Palestine
A. Mountain ranges
1. Judean Mountains
2. Samarian Mountains
B. Coastal plains
1. Mediterranean coast
2. Gaza Strip
C. Jordan Valley
1. Rift Valley
2. Dead Sea
D. Negev Desert
1. Arid climate and desert landscape

III. Impact of topography on human settlements and land use
A. Agricultural practices in different regions
1. Terracing on mountain slopes
2. Irrigation in the Jordan Valley
B. Influence on historical and cultural development
1. Importance of Jerusalem as a central highland city
2. Bedouin communities in the desert

IV. Challenges and opportunities posed by the topography
A. Water scarcity in desert regions
1.....

1. The impact of earthquakes on communities and infrastructure
2. The role of technology and advancements in predicting and monitoring earthquakes
3. The relationship between earthquakes and plate tectonics
4. The psychological effects of experiencing an earthquake
5. Earthquake preparedness and response strategies
6. The history of major earthquakes and their effects on society
7. The environmental impacts of earthquakes, such as landslides and tsunamis
8. The economic consequences of earthquakes on businesses and industries
9. The cultural and societal significance of earthquakes in different regions
10. The connection between earthquakes and climate change.
11. The effectiveness of early warning systems....

Lesser-Known but Intriguing Essay Topics on Heavy-Duty Anchor Stakes

1. The Evolution of Anchor Stake Technology: From Primitive Roots to Modern Innovations

Trace the historical origins of anchor stakes, examining their use in various societies and cultures.
Analyze the evolution of materials, designs, and engineering advancements that have shaped the modern anchor stake industry.
Discuss the impact of technological breakthroughs on the performance and durability of anchor stakes.

2. Geotechnical Considerations for Anchor Stake Deployment: Soil Types, Soil Mechanics, and Load Capacity

Explore the geotechnical factors that influence the efficacy of anchor stakes, including soil type, density, and moisture content.
Analyze soil....