Science and Fiction
The film Moon (2009) depicts the story of a man who is on a three-year mission on the moon mining helium-3 for people back on Earth. He is residing by himself and accompanied by a robot named GETY. A couple of weeks before he gets to return to his family back on Earth, he starts to see things that are not there, including a teenage girl that he does not recognize. These visions cause him to crash his rover where he then loses consciousness and wakes up without remembering anything. Sam manages to escape and then finds a clone of himself. It is after this incident that he realizes that he too is a clone that he has been implanted with the memories of the original Sam, who has been back on Earth for about fifteen years. In the end, the older clone decides to stay on the…...

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References:

Atwood, M. (2003). Oryx and crake. (1st ed.). New York: Anchor Books.

Jones, D. (Director) (2009). Moon [DVD].

Wright, W., & Tarter, J. (2010). Evolution, creativity, and future life. In A. Bly (Ed.), Science is Culture (pp. 269-282). New York City: HarperCollins Publishers.

Science, Society and Environment
Application of Fox's continuum values and their implications based on relationship between nature and society

Science, society, and environment are three components of a person's life. No matter what part of the world an individual lives in, he or she will experience science, have a certain environment and a society all around him. These three components are also embedded within an individual. An individual forms society along with other individuals while simultaneously creating an environment by combining the society with nature.

Nature and Society

It wouldn't be wrong to state that human society contrasts nature. In order for a human society to flourish and develop, nature has to be exploited. Exploitation of nature means benefits to human society in form of natural and other resources that are solely dependent on Mother Nature. While the two entities are largely at contrast, it is very important for the society to behave as…...

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Bibliography

Gruen, L., & Jamieson, D. (1994). Reflecting on Nature - Readings in Environmental Philosophies. Oxford University Press.

Harper, C.L. (2011). Environment and Society. Prentice Hall .

Jamieson, D. (1999). A companion to Environmental Philosophy. Wiley, John and Sons Inc. .

Nan-Sheng, H., & Guangwu, Z. (2012, September 4). On the relationship between man and nature. Retrieved from Council and Research in Values and Philosophy: http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-1/chapter_viii.htm

Science and Religion Seek the Same Thing
Science is the study of how the human race comprehends the world around them, while religion is what they apply to translate their study on the never-ending belief. There is a radical distinction between the two because the human beings use science to explain their relationship with God, while they use science to correlate with their surroundings. According to the Muslims and Christians, creation was from God's likeness and image, and they have a gift to differentiate and balance between science and religion within their environment.

Religious beliefs explain how the human race has tried to control and influence their environment and destiny through unconsciously following the dictates of natural law. In the 17th century, Hobbes, a philosopher reasoned that human life in its ordinary state is nasty, poor, solitary, short, and brutish. This seems to give explanation as to what entails in the natural…...

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Works cited

Atran, S., & Norenzayan, A. "Religion's evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, communion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2004, 713-770

Nuckolas, C. "Boring Rituals," Journal of Ritual Studies 2006

Science and eligion
Does science discredit religion? In general we have the sense that, historically speaking, it does -- but only because so much of the historical conflict between science and religion has hinged upon the way in which scientific advances have disproved factual claims that were advanced by religion, or (as Worrall phrases it) where religion is "directly inconsistent with well-accredited scientific theories…the erstwhile religious claim…must, from a rational point-of-view, give way" (2004, Science, 63). So for example Martin Luther famously rejected the claim by Copernicus that the earth revolves around the sun because the Old Testament story of Joshua depicts the Biblical hero commanding the sun and the moon to stand still in the sky -- because Luther accepted the Bible as literally true, Luther would not accept the scientific theory that showed it was not factually true. This is the way in which many have approached the conflict…...

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References

Plantinga, A. And Dennett, D. (2010). Science and religion: Are they compatible? Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ratzsch, D. (2004). Reply to Worrall. In Peterson, M. And Vanarragon, R. (eds.) Contemporary debates in philosophy of religion. London: Blackwell.

Ratzsch, D. (2004). The demise of religion: Greatly exaggerated reports from the science/religion "wars." In Peterson, M. And Vanarragon, R. (eds.) Contemporary debates in philosophy of religion. London: Blackwell.

Schulson, M. (2014, Feb 5). The Bill Nye-Ken Ham debate was a nightmare for science. The Daily Beast. Retrieved from  http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/02/05/the-bill-nye-ken-ham-debate-was-a-nightmare-for-science.html

Science Education
My view of science tends to be a typical Western one, where previous scientific knowledge is used to build new scientific knowledge. In addition to the component of observation, research is used to determine a theoretical background before new scientific knowledge is built upon this basis.

When considering the indigenous perspective, one interesting thing to take into account is that this perspective does not necessarily need to clash with the Western one. Instead, the two approaches can complement each other, as pointed out by the Queensland Studies Authority (2012). According to this publication, Aboriginal and Torres indigenous peoples tend to derive knowledge about their world by primarily engaging in it. In other words, the main thing that contrasts this type of knowledge with the Western one is a tendency to use the physical senses to experience and observe the world, building knowledge upon this, rather than upon existing theoretical knowledge…...

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References

Bizak, D., Chafiqi, F., and Kendil, D. (2009). Students' Misconceptions about Light in Algeria. Retrieved from:  http://spie.org/etop/2009/etop2009_4.7.35.pdf 

Queensland Studies Authority. (2012, June). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures resources: Science. Retrieved from: http://www.qsa.qld.edu.au/downloads/aust_curric/ac_ccp_atsi_cultures_science.pdf

Wijayawardana, K. And Bhattacharya, M. (2004). Integrating Theory and Practice in Primary Science Teacher Education. Retrieved from:  http://www.aare.edu.au/04pap/wij04731.pdf

Science and Morality
Science and the Concepts of "Right" and "rong"

Many people argue that moral concepts allowing us to distinguish between right and wrong come from religion, humanities, philosophy, law, and ethics -- but not science. Science, they argue, does not deal with morality because it does not make any value judgment. According to them, science can only tell what is possible but not what is right or wrong. And even some scientists hold on to this position. For example, in an essay critiquing the concept of "scientific morality," Sean Carroll, a theoretic physicist, argues that you cannot derive "ought" from "is" because "science deals with empirical reality -- with what happens in the world, i.e. what 'is,'" and that is it (Carroll). But I argue here that science indeed can help us make wise and moral judgments because it forces us to accept facts and reality rather than assumptions and…...

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Works Cited

Carroll, Shawn. "Science and Morality: You Can't Derive 'Ought' From 'Is.'" NPR Station. 4 May 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2011

Kurtz, Paul. "Can the Sciences Help Us to Make Wise Ethical Judgments?" Skeptical Inquirer, 28.5 (Sep/Oct 2004). Web. 30 Oct. 2011

Partridge, Ernest. "On 'Scientific Morality.'" The Online Gadfly, n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011

Science and Western Civilization
Part a Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age): 135,000 years ago

The culture and society of the Paleolithic Era was based on hunter-gathering. This is when men and women worked together to survive by foraging for food. The way that this was accomplished was through a nomadic existence. In most places, different groups of people would follow the migration patterns of animals (by constantly moving around). (McClellan, 2006, pp. 5 -- 16) (Hodges, 2004) (Hodges, 2012)

However, as time went by science and technology enabled more people to spread out in various regions. Moreover, there were advanced tools (i.e. spears and fire) that helped to improve hunting technique. This caused society to change with more people using the new technology to increase their lifestyle. (McClellan, 2006, pp. 5 -- 16) (Hodges, 2004) (Hodges, 2012)

The way these issues are relevant in today's society is to illustrate the development of humankind throughout…...

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References

US Urges Diplomacy in South China Seas. (2012). Al Jazeera. Retrieved from:  http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2012/06/20126822641136713.html 

Hodges, M. (2004). History. Ephemeris. Retrieved from:  http://ephemeris.com/history/prehistoric.html 

Hodges, M. (2012). Historically Speaking. Kings Academy. Retrived from  http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/05_World-Cultures/01_Primitive+Ancient-Cultures/01_Primitive+Ancient-Cultures-2.htm 

McClellan, J. (2006). Science and Technology in World History. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

Perhaps the essential myth of all those that exist is that of the cosmogony, or the birth of the universe. This myth has taken incredibly many forms in the course of history, but it should be noticed that all of these forms postulate the existence of a divine will behind the creation of the world, be it a single God as in Christian doctrine or many divinities as in the ancient eastern or western mythologies: "Always related to a "creation," it tells how something came into existence, or how a pattern of behavior, an institution, a manner of working were established; this is why myths constitute the paradigms for all significant human acts. (Eliade, 18) the essence of the cosmogonic myth is the fact that it recreates the origins of the universe, explaining its roots: "Myth narrates a sacred history; it relates an event that took place in primordial…...

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References

Eliade, Mircea (1963) Myth and Reality. New York: Waveland Press

McGrath, Alister (1999) Science and Religion. New York: Blackwell Publishing

For science it seemed illogical that the man was created in one day, copying the image of a being that supposedly has no face or body, and therefore, no image to create alike. The man is too strongly related to other animals as to be completely foreign to the other species. He has to be part of a group and live by the same rules that dominate the rest of the living creatures. There has to be a link between man and animals if there are so many similarities between all of the life forms on the planet, and there is a path than can trace man's origins to the same as animals'. ut this theory leaves a great hole that makes it inconsistent and brings it to question as accurate.
There must be more to this 'creation' of man than science achieves to explain, more than simple coincidence of…...

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Bibliography

Eliade, M. (1975) Myth and Reality. New York: Harper & Row.

McGrath, a.E. (1998) Science & Religion: An Introduction. New York: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Science in Daily Life
Scientific Method

Scenario 1: You arrive home late at night. You walk up to the front door, unlock it, and reach in to turn on the light switch located just inside the front door. The light does not come on! Now what?

The five steps of the scientific method include: observation / research, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation and conclusion. When you apply them to this to a particular problem, they are addressing a number of aspects to help determine the underlying causes. As far as observation / research are concerned, this is when you have discovered that the light switch does not work. Realizing that you have a problem, you form a hypothesis that you will test. In this situation, most people will more than likely believe that this is because the light bulb is burnt out. Prediction is when you decide that you should find a new light bulb…...

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Bibliography

Understanding and Using the Scientific Method. (2011). Science Made Simple. Retrieved from:  http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/scientific_method.html 

Brenner, S. (1998). Sciencemag.org. Retrieved from:  http://www.sciencemag.org/content/282/5393/1411.full 

Telang, V. (2010). Buzzle.com. Retrieved from:  http://www.buzzle.com/articles/negative-impacts-of-science.html

S. interacts there. ithout this influence public policy would be seriously challenged.
ith regard to science there is a serious need for science and technology discoveries to influence public policy, as science feeds development and innovation. Public policy should demonstrate a real collaborative approach to aide in controlling scientific ethics as well as the possibility of innovation that might aide the whole of humanity. Science, like many other entities is largely self-regulated by a myriad of networks as well as simply by the scientists themselves and yet there are always cases where science does not do a good enough job policing themselves and needs the introduction of public policy to keep controls on ethical and moral actions in the name of science.

One example I can readily call to mind is stem cell research. Though I myself would take a looser stance than the Bush era law and public policy has with…...

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Works Cited

Buskirk, Elliot.V. Thousands of NY Sex Offenders Booted From Facebook, MySpace Epicenter, December 2009, Web.  http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2009/12/thousands-of-sex-offenders-booted-from-facebook-myspace/ 

Caras, Roger. "We Must Find Alternatives to Animals in Research." Newsweek 26 December 1988: 57.

Kaplan, Karen. Los Angeles Times Scientists to Congress: Pass the stem cell law ... while you still can, November 05, 2010 Web.  http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/05/news/la-heb-stem-cell-letter-to-congress-20101105 

Krajicek, David J. Scooped! Media Miss Real Story on Crime While Chasing Sex, Sleaze, and Celebrities, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Culture is learned - passed down through parents, peers, and reinforced with positive responses, or discouraged with negative responses. . Humans seem to have an inherent nature to belong -- and therefore strive toward being included in the dominant culture -- a process called acculturation (Middleton, 2010, 4-52).
Culture may be thought of as unique to certain structures. For instance, under Islamic society there is Saudi culture, Bedoin culture, and even Malyasian culture. All have unique and separate customs and identities, but are part of the overall Islamic society. The United States is another example; evolving from the Western European tradition and primarly from Great Britain there is a certain societal aspect of cohesiveness. Yet, there are several cultures within America; mostly defined by religious (Mennonite, Baptist, Evangelical) or ethnic (Latino, Asian, African-American). And, even these have sub-groupings that are similar in overall tone, but not in every specific.

Society, however,…...

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REFERENCES

Bloom, B. (2006, August 4). Bloom's Taxonomy. Retrieved September 8, 2010, from Coconstructivism.com: http://ww.goconstructivism.blogspot.com/2006/08/blooms-taxonomy.html

Effland, R. (1998, January). The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations. Retrieved September 2010, from Mesa Community College:  http://www.mesacc.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/glues/model_complex.html 

Erickson, M. (2005). Science, Culture, and Society. Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Kuhn, T. (1996). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Science as Religion -- Objective? Or only one perspective amongst many perspectives?
Imagine a human being -- is this individual one's friend, as seen from a distance? Or is he or she a conglomerate of atoms, a mere product of an interaction of natural laws and forces? Or is this individual a composition of cells, healthy and harmful bacteria, bones and muscles? Or a living human spirit?

It all depends, one might say, on the perspective one takes of this friend or organism that is the object of one's personal, physical, biological, and yes religious speculation. The conflict of who we are, and if science is synonymous with objectivity or merely offers one perspective amongst many has been under much debate in the academic community. Bruno Latour, stated that the scientific paradigm is not a separate domain, "but only one voice in the assemblies that make up things," from the physical up…...

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Works Cited

Dawkins, Richard. (1997) "Is Science a Religion?" Humanist. January/February 1997.

Jamison, Thomas. (2004) "The Dilemma of Postmodernism." Last updated July 27, 2004. Retrived November 17, 2004 at http://hosting.uaa.alaska.edu/afwsj/pmd.htm

Latour, Bruno (2000). "When Things Strike Back: A Possible Contribution of "Science Studies" to the Social Sciences." British Journal of Sociology Vol. 51 No. 1 (January/March 2000) pp. 107-123.

Zaman, Frederick, J. "Postmodern Deconstruction Of Newtonian Science: A Physical-to-social Transposition Of Causality." Theory & Science (2001) Last updated 2002. Retrived November 17, 2004 at  http://theoryandscience.icaap.org/content/vol002.001/05zaman.html

Science vs. Policy
Scientific policy issues are formulated by the Congress, the Office of the President, relevant Government Departments and Agencies, and non-governmental organizations. Science plays an integral part in the lives of the citizens of the United States. A testament to this is the resolve by the United States government to institute institutions like the United States Environmental Protection Agency-EPA. EPA makes regulatory decisions that touch on environmental issues. It makes science policies and procedures that are available to the public for interrogation. In this regard the public gets an opportunity to review and comment on policies that EPA has formulated. Environmental Protection Agency convenes myriad advisory committees with a view to ensuring that stakeholders ventilate its decisions and processes (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012).

Policy is fundamental when it comes to conducting scientific researches especially when it comes to protection of subjects in human research involving pesticides. EPA has since…...

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References List

Cheney, D.W., Windham, P., Kiyosada, T., Hill, C.T, Heaton, G.R. (2003). The Decision Making

Process in U.S. Science and Technology Policy. Retrieved from  http://www.technopoli.net/JST%20Report.pdf 

Pielke, R.A. (2007). The Honest Broker: Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

In the first place the model did not diminish the earthly reflection of power of God but increased the scope of his greatness, by greatly expanding his realm and his web of balanced creation. As is stated in the text there is a clear sense that "all truth is God's truth," and that therefore the science that had emerged demonstrated his power and ability, rather than diminishing the importance of the human race in his scheme. (p. 49)
Neither Copernicus of Kepler was outside the Christian faith, as they had both been accepted members, student and teachers of religiously sponsored schools. The major work of Copernicus, on the evolutions of the Heavenly Spheres was printed at the hand of a Bishop and dedicated to the Pope. The schools themselves redirected much learning back toward faith but also constituted a standard for revolutionary thought. Copernicus did not set out to challenge…...

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References.

Science and Religion

Hanman, J. (2007), Deconstructing Copernicus Retreived March 18, 2008 at  http://jameshannam.com/copernicus.htm .

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If we were writing an ocean pollution essay, after presenting facts about ocean pollution we would almost certainly want to discuss solutions. Ocean.now is one of our favorite organizations to look at for solutions about ocean pollution because it provides strong science-based information about ocean pollution, as well as easy action points that people can take to help address the problem.  We love the idea of providing solutions because an essay that just gives facts about ocean pollution is going to be overwhelmingly depressing because ocean pollution and the havoc that it has caused the environment are,....

Choosing how to start your essay on deviance depends on the type of essay you are writing and the type of coursework you are trying to complete.  Deviance is a broad topic that is covered in many of the soft sciences, including (but not limited to) sociology, psychology, and criminology.  It is also discussed in the humanities, particularly philosophy and history.  Therefore, we would probably begin the essay with two things: a definition of deviance and an explanation of how that definition fits into the context of the essay we are writing. 

Generally, deviance is a sociological concept....

An endangered species is a species that is on the brink of extinction.  Species can be endangered in two ways.  First, its habitat could be threatened in a way that makes extinction likely if no change is taken.  Second, the species could have experienced a significant decline in population that is likely to lead to extinction. In the United States, determination of whether a species is endangered is made by either the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service, but designations vary from country-to-country.  Internationally, the International Union for Conservation of Nature makes....