Science Essays (Examples)

Science and Fiction
The film Moon (2009) depicts the story of a man who is on a three-year mission on the moon mining helium-3 for people back on Earth. He is residing by himself and accompanied by a robot named GETY. A couple of weeks before he gets to return to his family back on Earth, he starts to see things that are not there, including a teenage girl that he does not recognize. These visions cause him to crash his rover where he then loses consciousness and wakes up without remembering anything. Sam manages to escape and then finds a clone of himself. It is after this incident that he realizes that he too is a clone that he has been implanted with the memories of the original Sam, who has been back on Earth for about fifteen years. In the end, the older clone decides to stay on…

Science, Society and Environment
Application of Fox's continuum values and their implications based on relationship between nature and society

Science, society, and environment are three components of a person's life. No matter what part of the world an individual lives in, he or she will experience science, have a certain environment and a society all around him. These three components are also embedded within an individual. An individual forms society along with other individuals while simultaneously creating an environment by combining the society with nature.

Nature and Society

It wouldn't be wrong to state that human society contrasts nature. In order for a human society to flourish and develop, nature has to be exploited. Exploitation of nature means benefits to human society in form of natural and other resources that are solely dependent on Mother Nature. While the two entities are largely at contrast, it is very important for the…

Science and eligion
Does science discredit religion? In general we have the sense that, historically speaking, it does -- but only because so much of the historical conflict between science and religion has hinged upon the way in which scientific advances have disproved factual claims that were advanced by religion, or (as Worrall phrases it) where religion is "directly inconsistent with well-accredited scientific theories…the erstwhile religious claim…must, from a rational point-of-view, give way" (2004, Science, 63). So for example Martin Luther famously rejected the claim by Copernicus that the earth revolves around the sun because the Old Testament story of Joshua depicts the Biblical hero commanding the sun and the moon to stand still in the sky -- because Luther accepted the Bible as literally true, Luther would not accept the scientific theory that showed it was not factually true. This is the way in which many have approached the…

Science and Religion Seek the Same Thing
Science is the study of how the human race comprehends the world around them, while religion is what they apply to translate their study on the never-ending belief. There is a radical distinction between the two because the human beings use science to explain their relationship with God, while they use science to correlate with their surroundings. According to the Muslims and Christians, creation was from God's likeness and image, and they have a gift to differentiate and balance between science and religion within their environment.

Religious beliefs explain how the human race has tried to control and influence their environment and destiny through unconsciously following the dictates of natural law. In the 17th century, Hobbes, a philosopher reasoned that human life in its ordinary state is nasty, poor, solitary, short, and brutish. This seems to give explanation as to what entails in…

Science Education
My view of science tends to be a typical Western one, where previous scientific knowledge is used to build new scientific knowledge. In addition to the component of observation, research is used to determine a theoretical background before new scientific knowledge is built upon this basis.

When considering the indigenous perspective, one interesting thing to take into account is that this perspective does not necessarily need to clash with the Western one. Instead, the two approaches can complement each other, as pointed out by the Queensland Studies Authority (2012). According to this publication, Aboriginal and Torres indigenous peoples tend to derive knowledge about their world by primarily engaging in it. In other words, the main thing that contrasts this type of knowledge with the Western one is a tendency to use the physical senses to experience and observe the world, building knowledge upon this, rather than upon existing…

Science and Morality
Science and the Concepts of "Right" and "rong"

Many people argue that moral concepts allowing us to distinguish between right and wrong come from religion, humanities, philosophy, law, and ethics -- but not science. Science, they argue, does not deal with morality because it does not make any value judgment. According to them, science can only tell what is possible but not what is right or wrong. And even some scientists hold on to this position. For example, in an essay critiquing the concept of "scientific morality," Sean Carroll, a theoretic physicist, argues that you cannot derive "ought" from "is" because "science deals with empirical reality -- with what happens in the world, i.e. what 'is,'" and that is it (Carroll). But I argue here that science indeed can help us make wise and moral judgments because it forces us to accept facts and reality rather than…

Science and Western Civilization
Part a Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age): 135,000 years ago

The culture and society of the Paleolithic Era was based on hunter-gathering. This is when men and women worked together to survive by foraging for food. The way that this was accomplished was through a nomadic existence. In most places, different groups of people would follow the migration patterns of animals (by constantly moving around). (McClellan, 2006, pp. 5 -- 16) (Hodges, 2004) (Hodges, 2012)

However, as time went by science and technology enabled more people to spread out in various regions. Moreover, there were advanced tools (i.e. spears and fire) that helped to improve hunting technique. This caused society to change with more people using the new technology to increase their lifestyle. (McClellan, 2006, pp. 5 -- 16) (Hodges, 2004) (Hodges, 2012)

The way these issues are relevant in today's society is to illustrate the…

For science it seemed illogical that the man was created in one day, copying the image of a being that supposedly has no face or body, and therefore, no image to create alike. The man is too strongly related to other animals as to be completely foreign to the other species. He has to be part of a group and live by the same rules that dominate the rest of the living creatures. There has to be a link between man and animals if there are so many similarities between all of the life forms on the planet, and there is a path than can trace man's origins to the same as animals'. ut this theory leaves a great hole that makes it inconsistent and brings it to question as accurate.
There must be more to this 'creation' of man than science achieves to explain, more than simple coincidence of…

Science in Daily Life
Scientific Method

Scenario 1: You arrive home late at night. You walk up to the front door, unlock it, and reach in to turn on the light switch located just inside the front door. The light does not come on! Now what?

The five steps of the scientific method include: observation / research, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation and conclusion. When you apply them to this to a particular problem, they are addressing a number of aspects to help determine the underlying causes. As far as observation / research are concerned, this is when you have discovered that the light switch does not work. Realizing that you have a problem, you form a hypothesis that you will test. In this situation, most people will more than likely believe that this is because the light bulb is burnt out. Prediction is when you decide that you should find a…

S. interacts there. ithout this influence public policy would be seriously challenged.
ith regard to science there is a serious need for science and technology discoveries to influence public policy, as science feeds development and innovation. Public policy should demonstrate a real collaborative approach to aide in controlling scientific ethics as well as the possibility of innovation that might aide the whole of humanity. Science, like many other entities is largely self-regulated by a myriad of networks as well as simply by the scientists themselves and yet there are always cases where science does not do a good enough job policing themselves and needs the introduction of public policy to keep controls on ethical and moral actions in the name of science.

One example I can readily call to mind is stem cell research. Though I myself would take a looser stance than the Bush era law and public policy…

Perhaps the essential myth of all those that exist is that of the cosmogony, or the birth of the universe. This myth has taken incredibly many forms in the course of history, but it should be noticed that all of these forms postulate the existence of a divine will behind the creation of the world, be it a single God as in Christian doctrine or many divinities as in the ancient eastern or western mythologies: "Always related to a "creation," it tells how something came into existence, or how a pattern of behavior, an institution, a manner of working were established; this is why myths constitute the paradigms for all significant human acts. (Eliade, 18) the essence of the cosmogonic myth is the fact that it recreates the origins of the universe, explaining its roots: "Myth narrates a sacred history; it relates an event that took place in primordial Time,…

Science vs. Policy
Scientific policy issues are formulated by the Congress, the Office of the President, relevant Government Departments and Agencies, and non-governmental organizations. Science plays an integral part in the lives of the citizens of the United States. A testament to this is the resolve by the United States government to institute institutions like the United States Environmental Protection Agency-EPA. EPA makes regulatory decisions that touch on environmental issues. It makes science policies and procedures that are available to the public for interrogation. In this regard the public gets an opportunity to review and comment on policies that EPA has formulated. Environmental Protection Agency convenes myriad advisory committees with a view to ensuring that stakeholders ventilate its decisions and processes (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012).

Policy is fundamental when it comes to conducting scientific researches especially when it comes to protection of subjects in human research involving pesticides. EPA…

Culture is learned - passed down through parents, peers, and reinforced with positive responses, or discouraged with negative responses. . Humans seem to have an inherent nature to belong -- and therefore strive toward being included in the dominant culture -- a process called acculturation (Middleton, 2010, 4-52).
Culture may be thought of as unique to certain structures. For instance, under Islamic society there is Saudi culture, Bedoin culture, and even Malyasian culture. All have unique and separate customs and identities, but are part of the overall Islamic society. The United States is another example; evolving from the Western European tradition and primarly from Great Britain there is a certain societal aspect of cohesiveness. Yet, there are several cultures within America; mostly defined by religious (Mennonite, Baptist, Evangelical) or ethnic (Latino, Asian, African-American). And, even these have sub-groupings that are similar in overall tone, but not in every specific.

Society,…

Science as Religion -- Objective? Or only one perspective amongst many perspectives?
Imagine a human being -- is this individual one's friend, as seen from a distance? Or is he or she a conglomerate of atoms, a mere product of an interaction of natural laws and forces? Or is this individual a composition of cells, healthy and harmful bacteria, bones and muscles? Or a living human spirit?

It all depends, one might say, on the perspective one takes of this friend or organism that is the object of one's personal, physical, biological, and yes religious speculation. The conflict of who we are, and if science is synonymous with objectivity or merely offers one perspective amongst many has been under much debate in the academic community. Bruno Latour, stated that the scientific paradigm is not a separate domain, "but only one voice in the assemblies that make up things," from the…

In the first place the model did not diminish the earthly reflection of power of God but increased the scope of his greatness, by greatly expanding his realm and his web of balanced creation. As is stated in the text there is a clear sense that "all truth is God's truth," and that therefore the science that had emerged demonstrated his power and ability, rather than diminishing the importance of the human race in his scheme. (p. 49)
Neither Copernicus of Kepler was outside the Christian faith, as they had both been accepted members, student and teachers of religiously sponsored schools. The major work of Copernicus, on the evolutions of the Heavenly Spheres was printed at the hand of a Bishop and dedicated to the Pope. The schools themselves redirected much learning back toward faith but also constituted a standard for revolutionary thought. Copernicus did not set out to challenge…

Science and Technology
a) If the community of men and women who are called scientists accepts the scientific test of a scientific theory, does that mean that anything is acceptable as long as enough of the right people agree with it?

The answer of whether scientific tests and theories are true or false depends on various issues. Scientists are always inventing new ways to support their arguments and theories. First, scientists must prove that the test and theories they present conforms are practical in the world. If the tests show any inconsistency, then the theory under test becomes invalid. Therefore, for people to accept any scientific tests and theories, the ideas must show consistency. Testing scientific theories is a continuous process, which takes time before approval. It, therefore, means that not everything that scientists accept as scientific tests becomes acceptable. The theories must pass through feasible tests before approval.

B.Does…

Science Lesson
The lesson I chose to demonstrate to second graders is that matter can change forms, and that in doing so it is neither created or destroyed. The scientific concepts associated with this lesson are notions of matter, the fact that matter can change shape and form, and that in doing so it still exists. This is a lesson that was specifically designed to meet the curriculum for second graders in California as denoted by the Next Generation Science Standards (Next Generation 16). It is indicated as such on p. 16 of a PDF that was downloaded from the aforementioned entity's web site; this document is entitled "DCI Arrangements of the Next Generation Science Standards." This same standard, labeled "Matter and Its Interactions" is also found on the same site in a pdf entitled 2 Combined DCI Standards, which includes a document called "Second Grade" (Next Generation 2). In…

The massive mollusks still do seem fantastical. Several of the irrational elements of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea seemed more outrageous in the 19th century they do now. However, the novel continues to encapsulate the fantasy and science fiction genres because of its willingness to expand the boundary of what is real. Interestingly, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea did not stretch those boundaries much further than hard science has.
On the other hand, novels such as the ones in the Twilight series are more squarely fantastical. Barring any major scientific discoveries, vampires and shape-shifters simply do not exist. Such elements of the absolutely impossible serve various literary functions. For instance, in New Moon Stephanie Meyer uses vampires and shape-shifters to develop the central character, a human being. As in Frankenstein, the impossible becomes the best means to explore human motivations, dreams, desires, and weaknesses.

Moreover, the fantasy elements are not…

Science and Religion: Conflict
Historical and Psychological Reasons for the Conflict Between Science and Religion

There is obvious controversy on the tensions between science and religion. A growing number of well-known figures deny any logical conflict between science and religion. For example, Langdon Gilkey says the following:

[T]o say that evolution' excludes God' is [. . .] merely to say that it is a theory within natural science. It is not to say that this theory is essentially atheistic or represents atheism. It is because science is limited to a certain level of explanation that scientific and religious theories can exist side by side without excluding one another, that one person can hold both to the scientific accounts of origins and to a religious account, to the creation of all things by God [. . .].

Ian Barbour believes that science and religion are "complementary languages," complementary ways of analyzing…

The information collected through these observations would then be documented and organized in ways that support the understanding of the underlying phenomena (Wolff, 2012).
Throughout history, scientific revolution has always centered on investigations that are conducted and developed through various observations. This process of investigation or observation has also included the review of existing scientific beliefs or practices. According to Francis Bacon, scientific revolution begins from existing evidence and gradually proceeds from specific observations to provisional generalizations or theories. The process is then cautiously repeated to establish some general truths that can be the basis of people's beliefs.

The scientific investigations that form the nature of scientific revolution are also based on observations that are directed by theory. ather than the mere collection and tabulation of data, scientific observations are in the form of hypotheses, which are also known as experiments. This is largely because experiments help in approving or…

The release of fossil fuels has been driving industrial and civic expansion for the past century and a half, and there is therefore a compelling reason to deny such causes: "some corporations whose revenues might be adversely affected by controls on carbon dioxide emissions have also alleged major uncertainties in the science (Oreskes). Just as in the debate over the heliocentric solar system, issues of political and/or economic motive are raised to cloud the science at issue.
hat truly separates the global warming debate from the issues that Galileo dealt with, however, is that there really is hard science at the base of both camps with vastly different interpretations. This has made the contention all the more fierce, and personal accusations only seem more rampant now than during Galileo's trial due to the increased difficulty of a scientific attack. One example of this is Gore's insistence on using Revelle's name…

Science Tasks (Document 2 of 2)
MOISTURE-RELATED HABITAT PREFERENCES IN ISOPODS

PROJECT DESIGN PLAN

Isopods -- also known as "sowbugs" or "pillbugs" -- are usually mistakenly thought of as insects. In reality they are the only terrestrial species of crustacean, and are evolutionarily more related to crabs, shrimp and lobster than any kind of "bug."

This evolutionary relationship to so many aquatic species -- and the dearth of land crustaceans besides the isopods -- raises interesting questions about the isopod choice of habitat.

Crustaceans obviously have a system of underwater respiration using gills. Isopods also have these gills but do not live underwater: they are predominantly found in moist damp environments (beneath a rotting log).

But could isopods live underwater if necessary, or are their gills fully adapted to land life now?

I proposed an experiment to determine habitat preferences in isopods. It would offer a representative sampling of isopods…

Europeans invented a more complex sewer system and sewers spread across Europe's most important cities in a short time.
Mechanical clocks had been invented before the half of the second millennium, but, in the 16th century, they have been perfected by Galileo with the help of the pendulum. Clocks have become more advanced in time as people discovered ways of making the mechanism more precise and also of smaller proportions.

Europeans also became acquainted with the gunpowder in the Renaissance period and warfare had been taken to a whole new level. It is not clear whether Europeans have invented gunpowder alone or if they've been inspired for the concept from the Asians. As a result of this invention, knights had become out-dated as the new armed foot-soldiers became more numerous, replacing them.

The invention of eye-glasses earlier in the millennium led to the invention of the telescope somewhere between the…

Science Misconception
First you have to list why this misconception is correct.

Misconception: Energy gets used up or runs out

Reasons why this is false: One of the basic laws of science is the Law of Conservation of Energy is that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It can only be changed from one form to another.

Describe a non-mathematical way to help your students correct their misconception of this idea.

Suppose you were freezing in your home and wanted to get warm. You could use the Law of Conservation of Energy to warm yourself. Take some wood and put it into the fireplace. The wood has potential energy within it. Next, light a match and apply the small flame to the dry wood. By burning the wood, the potential energy from the material is released into the air and produces fire. The change from potential energy to kinetic…

This type of evolutionary thinking will challenge the initial creationist act as well. Many creationist currents, including the Christian one, believe that human life was also created through divine intervention, so any kind of such approach where life actually evolved to form the human being along the way takes away the special characteristics of human kind, as perceived by Christianity, for example. So, evolutionism virtually challenges the entire theological belief on the history of Earth and its inhabitants.

4. Logical positivism is based on general skepticism towards mythology, theology or metaphysics and on the idea that all true facts can and have to be verified in order to become veridical. In this sense, besides empiricism and materialism, verificationism is also one of the pillars on which logical positivism is based.

For a fact, proposition or idea to be cognitively meaningful, it has to be able to follow a particular path…

This begins by asking a question. In that case, the question would be: Does Sensa cause weight loss without dieting? Background research would then need to be done. This would include any literature and other research information that could be found on Sensa from reputable sources. Information from InStyle and Good Housekeeping would not be considered for this type of research, because these are not reputable magazines from a scientific standpoint. A hypothesis would be constructed from the background research, which would be that Sensa causes weight loss without dieting. From that point, it would be necessary to conduct an experiment to prove or disprove that hypothesis.
An experiment to prove or disprove this hypothesis would need to include a control group, and that group would need to eat the same food and the same quantity of food as those using the Sensa. This is difficult, because everyone metabolizes food…

Otherwise, one field risks becoming subordinate to the other; although it's likely that Coyne's theology is extraordinarily sophisticated, the brief excerpt of it that Bill Maher uses leads the viewer to suspect that if these precepts are followed to their logical conclusion, religion will always give way to science as John Paul II gave way to the certainty that organisms evolve over time.
If so, then efforts to restore faith to a more equal footing are naturally vulnerable to claims that they are reactionary attempts to usurp science's rightful and supreme interpretative role in modern life. It is easy to understand Richard Dawkins' profound revulsion over what he sees as resurgent religiosities surrounding Islamic fundamentalism on the one hand and Christian fundamentalisms on the other: These faith-oriented responses to world events pose an implicit challenge to his own conviction that all aspects of experience are the product of physical entities…

The differences between the empirical inductivist approach to science and the Popperian one are immense. Based on induction, the former approach is thesis to Popper's antithesis. The Popperian approach is a response to and a rejection of the value of induction in the scientific process. This rejection pits these two approaches against one another. In the end, while the empirical inductivist approach does have some value and has a long tradition of function to back it up, this is not the same as saying that it is a rigidly scientific approach to scientific inquiry. In this case, the Popperian approach provides us with a clearer division between theories that are and are not scientific.

orks Cited

Dolhenty, J. (2005). A basic introduction to the methods of science -- part 1. The Radical Academy. Retrieved November 7, 2005, at http://radicalacademy.com/essayscience1.htm

McKinlay, S. (1998). The problem of induction: an analysis and critique…

Many of the results of scientific advancement have become part of the fabric of our humanity. But many of the advancements have also done grave damage to our planet, our traditions, and our social interactions.
In the end, whether scientific progress appears to be a good or an evil depends on what kind of world we want for ourselves, and what sort of control we want to maintain over that world. As long as our objectives are clear to ourselves, as long as the pace and direction of our endeavors remain within our control, and as long as we maintain a sense of awe and mystery in at least some aspect of our lives, science and technology will, as Bishop argues, lead us to a full unfolding of our potential as a species. But if we proceed with murky goals, if we allow the pace and direction of our endeavors…

Technologies like array tomography also show how the human brain may be best understood as a computer that operates on both electricity and on chemicals. One section of the brain, the cerebral cortex, contains more than 125 trillion synapses. Boyle's (2010) source material from the Stanford School of Medicine notes that the number of synapses in the brain is "roughly equal to the number of stars in 1,500 Milky Way galaxies," (Goldman 2010).
Array tomography as a visualization instrument also reveals advancements in digital imaging as well as nanotechnology. The mouse brain used in initial array tomography experiments was sliced at only 70 nanometers thick (Goldman 2010). Measured at the level of the nanometer,, the layers of the brain that can be cut and then imaged with array tomography are small enough that scientists are able to understand more about how the brain works. Without technologies like array tomography, the…

By coming into contact with nature cultures such as the Native American tribes, religions in the Western world were no longer the same. eligious fundamentalism became the basis for many of the often violent interactions between the different cultures, religions, and ways of life. This was the basis for later violence against all who did not agree with the religious norm, for example in events such as the Salem Witch Trials.
Today, this same fundamentalism insists that every word in the Bible or other religious documents should be taken literally. According to this view, the story of creation simply could not agree with Darwinism. The long American history of using religion as a basis for many actions, both good an bad, plays an important role in this.

However, it is also true that there is an increasing trend within Christianity to return to the earlier point-of-view, accepting both Darwinism and…

I would also argue that these donations were not expenses; they are investments in these economies and their growth. It is in furthering the standard of living for these nations that the corporation I was leader of fulfilled its mission as an organization. In any organization capable of this level of philanthropy there is also the ability to invest in new product development. Concentrating on partnering with these nations and with other companies is critical for the long-term viability of their economies and for the growth of CS programs globally in the pharmaceutical industry (Wechsler, 2006). While there is not an ethical requirement to do this, there is the moralistic one and more importantly, the need to do well by doing good and enriching others less fortunate.
eferences

Craig Smith. (2009). Bounded goodness: marketing implications of Drucker on corporate responsibility. Academy of Marketing Science. Journal, 37(1), 73.

etrieved March 6,…

In the last fifteen or so years the concerns about vaccinations, and particularly the combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccination (MMR) have come to the forefront of societies debates from a limited connection to autism that is most likely associated to the correlation between onset of symptoms of autism and autism spectrum disorders and standard immunization practices. The fear created a general public that was afraid to allow their children to get the life saving MMR and in turn many parents have denied their children vaccinations at all. Parents' fears of some connection between the vaccination and/or its ingredient makeup cause or trigger autism and an accompanying serious bowel disease is related to a single, very limited research study conducted in the UK (n 12). There has been a substantial increase in incidents of autism over the last 20 or so years and the extreme social, physical, emotional, financial and…

Such things, however, do not appear impossible given the state of science today.
There is one area of concern that science cannot totally resolve, unless it builds a time machine and can go into the future. That is, what are the total ramifications that result from science's wonders? Albert Einstein did not consider nuclear bombs when coming up with the equation of E=mc2

He considered himself a pacifist, yet encouraged the building of the bomb for fear that the Germans would create it first. He was looking toward the future. As he wrote to physicist Niels Bohr in December 1944, "When the war is over, then there will be in all countries a pursuit of secret war preparations with technological means, which will lead inevitably to preventative wars and to destruction even more terrible than the present destruction of life" (Clark, 2007, pg. 698). Then, close to death he stated:…

Geneticists have been trying to unearth so-called founder mutations: one original genetic mutation that subsequently caused generations of people to carry and/or suffer from a serious illness like sickle cell anemia. Unlike many other mutations, founder mutations can be traced to one original ancestor. The discovery and study of founder mutations allows anthropologists to research the general patterns of human migration, providing a more complete understanding of history. Religion views genetic mutations in a different light. Many fundamentalist Christians, for example, might propose that disease is God-given. Yet if Mary Schweizer, an Evangelical Christian scientist, can unite religion with science then anyone can. Her devotion to fundamental Christian thought is not at odds with her scientific endeavors, according to Yeoman. In fact, Schweizer views science as a spiritual endeavor, as a means to discover the meaning of life, death, and seeming anomalies. Religion and science share common goals and objectives…

Science of Behavior Change
NIH Common Fund Programs: The science of behavior change

The science of behavior change is a critical area of NIH research because of the degree to which lifestyle changes can improve human health. Chronic diseases such as heart disease, type II diabetes, and stroke have all been linked to negative health behaviors like smoking and drinking. Only if scientists can understand how to motivate people to change their behaviors can a more effective prescription for remedying these ailments be constructed for our nation. Two NIH studies currently being undertaken are one which investigates how "environmental and biological factors associated with poverty and stress that underlie abnormal impulsivity that accompanies addiction to substances and unhealthy behaviors" and one which assesses environmental factors that influence the propensity for adolescents to exercise " to identify individual differences in voluntary exercise behavior and inform new ways to change exercise behavior…

That is not to say that theory and application cannot be separated into ethical categories. They can be, but those categorizations are always going to be somewhat skewed by the researcher, because no human being is capable of perfect neutrality. To assume that one can research for the sake of purse science really does involve imaging that scientists are not human beings with their own personal motivations. Moreover, this is not an issue that developed in the post-atomic world. Even before the use of the atomic bomb, scientists were motivated by personal motivations that kept them from being completely neutral. Therefore, it might be better to consider the ethics of scientific discovery from a viewpoint that includes the inherent morality of a discovery. For example, chemotherapy could be used as a weapon with very disastrous results, because its side-effects are devastating and can even be fatal. However, chemotherapies are developed…

, such as GE's entrance into the plastic fiber producing industry. Ante notes that "for big corporations that don't market directly to consumers, ethnography has a singular appeal" in letting them know how to work with other possible associates and subsidiaries (Ante 2006, pp. 73). GE had assumed the plastic fiber industry would work one way, but instead learned that things operated very differently, and there use of ethnographers allowed them to learn this difference quickly.
t is not an entirely rosy scenario that Ante paints in his article, however. Though many ethnographers are pleased to longer be relegated to academia, there have been negative results. The perceived "cheapening" of the science is one. Worse, "many ethnographers already complain about poseurs flooding the field," and others feel like mere rubber-stamps (Ante 2006, pp. 71).

n general, however, Ante makes it very clear that he is at least amused by, if…

Science appealed to me as early as I can remember in my academic career, specifically, solving problems through experimentation. Biology, in particular, captured my interest because it seemed to combine science with the goal of providing healthcare and comfort to patients suffering from medical disease. Since then, I have learned that the other scientific disciplines contribute equally toward improving modern health care, but the biological sciences have always captured my greatest interest.
My recent volunteer duties at the (Name of nursing home) nursing home confirmed to me the profound satisfaction inherent in providing patient care. The experience of being able to improve the lives and outlook of elderly patients (some of whom suffer more from depression and loneliness than any organic disease) remains one of the most rewarding endeavors that I have ever undertaken.

The satisfaction of helping others is one element that has been missing from my professional life,…

hat all this shows is that "there is something about a crowd of bystanders that inhibits helping behavior" (101).
The results of Latane and Darley's research were shocking. hy do some people act in altruistic or pro-social ways while others do not? To act altruistically means to work in a way that goes beyond our selves, our own egos, and work for the benefit of someone else. A true act of altruism has two properties: It must benefit someone else and it must be potentially costly to the benefactor (Clarke 6). alster and Poliavin define altruism as, "helping behavior that is voluntary, costly to the altruist and motivated by something other than the expectation of material or social reward" (6). This definition is a good one as it makes clear that there is a great distinction between egoism and altruism. True altruism is a regard for others without the concern…

An object's heat capacity is the product of its precise heat capacity, which is the quantity of heat necessary to raise 1 kg of the material one degree, and it's mass in kg. Heat capacity is a widespread property of a matter. In other words its worth varies depending on how much matter is present (Jorgensen, 2011).
What are the various sources of heat?

The sun is an element of the solar system. Therefore, it is a natural source of heat energy. Sunlight is significant for the survival of all living things. This type of heat energy is also known as solar energy.

The heat energy that is obtained from the Earth is known as geothermal energy. Sustainable and unsoiled geothermal energy can be obtained from the hot water and rocks that are located in the shallow ground. It is also located in the molten rocks obtainable in the farthest…

Science
Alan Guth and the Inflationary Universe Theory

Alan Harvey Guth is a well-known American scientist. orn in New Jersey in 1947, he attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he gained he studied as an undergraduate and gained his doctorate. Today Guth is a respected physicist and cosmologist, and best known for his work concerning the universe and its expansion. It was Guth who originated the inflationary universe theory, which helps to solve some of the problems associated with the big bang theory and explain the way expansion within the universe.

efore inflationary universe theory there was the 'ig ang Theory'. og ang theory is a fundamental theory on the beginning of the universe, the theory tells us that the current universe exploded out of very dense matter, and that the expansion of the universe was continuing today. However, while there was a lot of evidence to support the theory,…

Science
What are the steps of scientific method? What good is it? Does it prove anything? What's a variable? What a control vs. An experimental factor? What makes a good experiment?

Steps of scientific method:

Ask a question

Do background research

Construct a hypothesis

Test your hypothesis

Analyze your data

f. Communicate your results

The scientific method is good because it allows other scientists to repeat your experiment and all researchers to use the same method of investigation.

A variable is the thing in an experiment which varies from subject to subject.

A control in an experiment is the thing that remains the same. Experimental factors are the factors that are being tested and are changing.

e. Good data and accurate experimentation make a good experiment.

How does evolution explain the diversity of life we see today? What is natural selection and how does it work? What do we mean…

" But these close connections cannot be developed over the phone alone. It is important that a person stays in close personal contact with friends and family by visiting them often.
Science and technology have not only affected our daily lives, they have significantly altered our social systems as well. We are not investing in our societies and communities as our forefathers used to. For example, if we have a disabled person living in the neighborhood, we would be all too happy to have social services take care of him, instead of visiting him and checking on him personally. But there are studies that would argue against this claim. There are some new researches that came to the conclusion that with increased use of Internet and technologies, social contacts increased and social circle expanded for most people. "Because interpersonal communication dominates Internet use, using the Internet could have positive social…

Their lack of foresight was really their downfall, and the crux at the heart of this story. If they did it, how many other labs do it too, and how much research is suspect?
Ultimately, Cliff's story and the controversy surrounding it is a study in ethics, and that's the real issue for us here at the Globe. Sandy and Marion knew the results were preliminary, but they chose to release them to Nature anyway. That was unethical and unprofessional. Marion fought against it, but Sandy won out with his attitude they had to release to get a lock on the research. He tells Marion, "We can't afford to wait six months for the review. In the meantime, everyone and his brother is going to try this" (Goodman 71). It is Sandy's need for attention and publicity that helps fuel the situation, and he should be held accountable for the…

The American business model and the American capitalist ideal has infiltrated every aspect of Indonesian society, transforming the way people live and work. Not all of the changes taking place are negative. Before American culture influenced that of Indonesia, local elite controlled a vast amount of wealth and power and created what can correctly be called a caste system like the one in India or more accurately, feudalism. Without any possibility for a middle class to emerge, many individuals remained impoverished and beholden to the landowning class. The influence of American culture has allowed a middle class to emerge. Large corporations hire local managers and community liaisons.

The Dynamics of Capitalism

Discussion 1

Ultimately capitalism caused the Great Depression, even though capitalism also enabled social mobility on a scale never before practiced in human history. Rampant speculation was the main culprit: buying on credit and borrowing prematurely. Moreover, unchecked capitalism…

He even goes so far as to claim that if global warming does occur, it will be a positive thing. Higher temperatures would be positive for agriculture and forests. He believes that higher temperatures will actually cause sea levels to drop, and wraps up his interview with the cheery optimism that everyone appreciates warmer weather.
igley isn't quite as upbeat. He points out that because uncertainty is a built in component of the climate models, it is just as likely that the scientists have erred on the side of caution as it is that they have erred on the side of excess. This means that the effects of global warming could be much worse than what the models predict. His overall concern:

I]t's not so much just the temperature changes, but it's the changes in all other aspects of the environment: amounts of precipitation, the ability for vegetation to maintain…

Sci-Fi Art Analysis
The class text makes two passing references to Star Trek. ith that in mind, the author of this report will focus on the show Star Trek: The Next Generation. Although rather dated, much of the material and imagery used in the show is very good even by today's standards. The show ran from 1987 to 1994, seven seasons in total. The show was a brilliant piece of art both in terms of the subject matter they covered as well as the manner in which it was presented in terms of color, presentation, concepts and ideas. The show is rated a very high 8.7 on the International Movie Database (IMDb) website (IMDb). This brief report shall cover some aspects of the show, what made the show so good and the adeptness in which they blended the script, the imagery and the characters into a cohesive storyline. hile Star…

This is frequently referred to as entropy. In the route of energy transfer, some energy will disperse as heat. Entropy is a measure of disarray. The course of energy sustains order and life. Entropy is successful when organisms stop taking in energy and die (Laws of Thermodynamics, 2010).
Many experts feel that Hydrogen is the ideal fuel known to man at this time. It is a fuel source that has no chance of being depleted until the Sun stops producing it. There isn't much chance of the Sun stopping production either. The only result of hydrogen combustion is water. Because one of the ways hydrogen can be produced is by separating it from the oxygen atom in a water molecule, the process lends itself to recycling within a closed system. There are a few negatives that surround the use of Hydrogen. First, it is a very dangerous explosive. It is…

South Florida, especially Broward County, has showed the most eagerness, with eighty seven percent in favor of solar energy investment. Central Florida and the Gulf Coast were close behind, and eighty percent of those living in North Florida also favored more state venture for solar energy. hile voters of all ages said they approved of spending more on solar, ninety three percent of those between eighteen and thirty four agreed. Statewide, the accord crossed party lines, with eighty two percent of Republicans favoring more public capital for solar energy, compared with eighty seven percent of Democrats. The poll also showed strong support for solar energy even if it led to an increase in utility bills. Overall, eighty one percent of those polled said they were willing to pay more each month on their utility bill to sustain solar energy (Poll: Support up for solar energy investment, 2008).

The sun is…

science marches forward, reproductive cloning of humans will likely become a reality. It has already been accomplished with dogs, cats, cows and monkeys. This means that one day a person will be able to have a child with his/her own cells. hat do you think some of the family law issues will be as this form of alternative reproduction becomes a reality?
As soon as Dr. Ian ilmut made a breakthrough announcement that he, and his team, had successfully cloned an adult sheep in 1997, the salience of the controversy about cloning humans and genetic modifications in the human genome virtually erupted (Rose, 1999). It became clear at this point that it was feasibly possible to conduct a range of scientifically assisted reproduction such as human cloning for example. There could also be a mix of genetic information bestowed on a child. For example, family planning could resemble something along…

Einstein, A. "Religion and Science." Retrieved August 19, 2013, from http://www.sacred-texts.com/aor/einstein/einsci.htm

This article is intriguing because it was written by one of history's most renowned scientists with the purpose of clearing the mystery concerning the conflict between religion and science. Einstein was a convinced scientists, but this did not prevent him from acknowledging situations when religion had assisted the world of science and from realizing that religion was in many cases responsible for influencing people to come up with logical explanations to particular events.

Ferngren, G.B. (2002). Science and Religion: A Historical Introduction. JHU Press.

This book presents a typical account concerning the relationship between science and religion. The fact that it uses thirty scholarly essays with the purpose to document the history of the topic while also introducing strong opinions supporting each of the two sides shows that the debate is still alive and that it is very difficult…

In other words, scientific realism says that science can find the truth about everything (Erickson, 2005, 58-60).
Conversely, if there is realism, there must follow anti-realism which, in science, means that there are certain unobservable, and therefore only speculative, claims about the universe. These speculations are not detectable within the construct of human understanding, ability to observe, or even to adequately define other than theoretically. For example, we can observe the function of quantum space, but not the reality (if there is such). We can observe the characteristics of the DNA molecule, but not the actual mechnism by which DNA actually works. By the very nature of our construct, then, even our instrumentation is biased to measure what we expect, not necessarily what is (Braver, 2007). Irrealism takes both these theories nd asks if the objects we study really exist -- or if it is the nature of the study…

Science and religion: An introduction by Alister E. McGrath. Specifically it will discuss Newton's case of scientific discovery and the rise of Deism. Newton's case of geometry and physics illustrates the non-confrontational model of science and religion, and in fact, that model has its roots in the Deism that Newton's work helped create.
Deism believes that God did create the world, but that he is no longer in control of it, and it rose out of Newton's discoveries of gravity and other scientific methods that indicated the world was interconnected and dependent on details to continue to function. This relates to the non-confrontational model of science and religion, which believes that the two sides of the argument do not have to argue with one another, they can peacefully coexist, because all work, even the work of scientists who might not believe in religion, is God's work, and he oversees all,…

Ever since this time, many in psychological and social science arenas have taken for granted that people go back to a relatively stable happiness set point, even after experiencing apparently life-changing dealings.
There have been a rising number of researchers who are questioning whether that set point really exists. Some have recommended that in spite of people's resiliency, they do not inevitably go back to a specific level of happiness. Others have suggested that psychologists also need to take into account environmental impacts on happiness. In either case, people may be able to make a mindful choice to advance their well-being.

The long-term joy of happiness is often thought to be a set point of cognition. People who want to become happier should think about centering on altering their circumstances instead of their frames of mind. There is a certain irony because the other facets of happiness that are not…

he introduction of Capsaicin to mice that have prostrate cancer will cause many of the cancer cells to die."

According to a team of researchers from the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, in collaboration with colleagues from UCLA, the pepper component caused human prostate cancer cells to undergo programmed cell death or apoptosis (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/03/060319150754.htm)."

When the Capsaicin was introduced to mice that had prostrate cancer growing it killed approximately 80% of the cancer cells.

his was done by leading the capsaicin to follow molecular pathways that lead to the apoptosis of those cells.

Prostate cancer tumors treated with capsaicin were about one-fifth the size of tumors in non-treated mice. Capsaicin had a profound anti-proliferative effect on human prostate cancer cells in culture," said Sren Lehmann, M.D., Ph.D., visiting scientist at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and the UCLA School of Medicine. "It also dramatically slowed the development…

This occurred in 330 BC, and Zoroaster's date would then be 588 BC, and this date we may take to refer to the initial success of his prophetic mission which consisted in the conversion of King Visht-spa when Zoroaster was forty years old. Since he is traditionally said to have lived seventy-seven years, we will not be far wrong in dating him at 628-551 BC. It seems also to be generally agreed that the Prophet's sphere of operation in which his message was proclaimed was ancient Chorasmia -- an area comprising, perhaps, what is now Persian Khorasan, estern Afghanistan, and the Turkmen Republic of the U.S.S.R. (Zaehner, R.C., 1961, 33)."
Ayala's science takes the mitochondrial Eve back even before what we know about Zoroastrianism, but we really have no accurate date of the monotheistic tradition as it arises out of Zoroastrianism, because there are no written artifacts that support its…

Science and the Public helps remedy the situation without detracting from the valid work of specialists. Cultural beliefs inform how individuals ask questions, and from where they seek answers. Given that so many people continue to believe in the paranormal, for instance, suggests that science is doing a poor job of answering questions about intangible or abstract issues.
Dacey explains the connections between scientific study and cultural beliefs and values with concrete examples. For example, Dacey notes how neuroscience can pinpoint the structural processes in the brain that pertain to daily decision making. Dacey also points out how cultural values inform decisions related to public funding for science and engineering projects or for biotechnology. The field of Science and the Public will not only help improve scientific literacy but it will also make science more conscious of the assumptions and values that underlie research.

eference

Dacey, A. (2004). Science and…

One of the top performers, Singapore, boasts a very different approach towards mathematics education: "hile a single lesson in a U.S. textbook might span two pages and take one class period to go through, a lesson in a Singapore textbook might use five to ten pages and take several days to complete. The Singapore texts contain no narrative explanation of how a procedure or concept works; instead, there are problems and questions accompanied by pictures that provide hints about what is going on" (Garelick 2006: 1). However, an attempt to adapt such an approach in one Montgomery, Alabama school suburban district was abandoned, as it was feared that introducing new methods of teaching math within districts might make it difficult for students to meet state standards on standardized tests at the end of the year.
True, many Asian nations such as Korea also have national science and math educations and…

science is the supreme form of all knowledge. Is this view reasonable, or does it involve a misunderstanding of science or of knowledge?
The Greeks trumpeted a sound mind and sound body, but even within the sound mind component, there is a clear breakdown: the hard sciences and the cultural sciences. The International Baccalaureate Organization, in its curriculum choice and assessment criteria, establishes firmly that both traditional sciences and cultural sciences constitute knowledge, and a focus solely on and not the other is fraught with misunderstanding.

The IBO uses six criteria to assess progress, and those six domains illustrate clearly that different components make up "knowledge" and the knower cannot only know sciences and expect to have gained "knowledge."

The first domain is building and enforcing students' sense of identity and cultural awareness. One of the greatest challenges today, in times of fierce nationalism bordering on xenophobia, is to truly…