hile such socially stimulating events were taking place, political workings were also making great headway. In 1791, the Constitution was accepted and the Assembly proclaimed, " the end of the Revolution has arrived."
The new constitution left France as a constitutional monarchy, and when war broke out with Austria and prices in the country spiked considerably, the monarchy was abolished and the Jacobins established the National Convention.

Not long after, Louis XVI was sentenced to execution and France declared war on Britain and the Dutch Republic. Riots and food shortages followed, and the Committee of Public Safety was created which ruled by terror.

By June of 1793, a new constitution was passed and Robespierre was put as head of the Committee of Public Safety. Robespierre was a "political and social thinker" that was "prone to substitute Jacobian rhetorical formulae for logical steps."

Terror ensues with the deaths of Girondin leaders, Marie Antoinette, as….

French evolution
For many people, the French evolution was the single most important event in modern world history. In a manner of speaking, it's a unique turning point for the ailing French society of the time and Europe. But, the events transpiring in Bastille Fortress in July 1789 are still discussed. The storming is discussed often. Peter Mcphee is an Australian born academic author specializing in modern French history and French evolution. His book titled "The French evolution 1789-1799" is a worthwhile reference to the French revolution when each chapter is analyzed.

It comprises of nine chapters beginning with "France in the 1780's." The initial chapter begins with his focus on rural settings of the 18th century. The economic conditions stemmed the French evolution. Only two people out of ten lived in urban settings for that matter. The French rural society was impoverished and their production was negligible. The population was fast….

The Analysis

However, it is the not past this point that this study needs to go, rather it is at this point that we need to stop and take into analyze the information that is cited here, and to see if that analysis takes us in other directions. There is really very little detailed information about the discussions and debate that might have surrounded the creation of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. It is not like the American Constitution, where the thoughts of the singers are recorded, or renderings of the National Council showing the country's forefathers of freedom hard at work and debate. It is important to understand the complexities of society as they existed at the time of the revolution. Thompson describes the country as the wealthy, the middle "bourgeois" class, and the workers.

In the age-long constitution of French society, so soon to be dissolved by revolution, the….

French Revolution and Napoleon
Napoleon and the French Revolution:

How the Leader both Continued and Broke from the Aims of his Revolutionary Predecessors

he French Revolution was a singular event in human history. Its importance to humankind is undeniable. he Revolution was both remarkable and horrific, in its scopes and its realities. As Charles Dickens wisely stated,

"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us […]. [1: Dickens, Charles. "he Period." A ale of wo Cities. Ann Arbor: Borders Group, 2006. Print. ]

hus, one can see there are many contradictions concerning the….

French Revolution was the greatest revolution of the 18th century. It was the revolution that started the modern era of politics and had its origins in the financial problems of the government.
In the 1770s and 1780s, a protracted war with England left the government of France depleted of money. France's national debt was high and bankruptcy and increased tax rates became inevitable. "The government's yearly income from taxation and other sources was, quite simply, less than its spending. By 1788, fully one-half of the annual budget went for ever-increasing interest payments on the ever-increasing debt."

Another financial burden on the people of France was the lavish lifestyle of King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette at their extravagant home of Versailles. The king and his ministers could not print money and create inflation to cover their debts. France had no central bank, paper currency or means of creating credit. French….

French Revolution
An Analysis of the Radical Phase of the French Revolution

The French Revolution was almost extinguished in 1792. The economic reforms prompted by the Cahier of the Third Estate of Dourdan (29 March 1789) had only appeared to benefit the middle and upper classes of the Third Estate. Meanwhile, fearing the spread of revolt throughout all Europe, Prussian and Austrian forces were marching towards Paris to cut it off at its source. However, the determination of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to put down the Revolution and flee the city combined with the approaching army of her brother, Leopold II, sparked a chain of events that pushed the Revolution into a radical phase. This paper will examine the causes of that radical phase, what it accomplished, and what role the Reign of Terror played in the Revolution.

Several personages had influenced estern philosophy prior to the outbreak of the Revolution. They….

One of the relevant executions, part of Napoleon's terror, that is worth examining is the execution of the Duc d'Enghien. The execution of the member of the Bourbon family was motivated by the need to consolidate the newly established Napoleonic hereditary monarchy. s any act of terror, it was also meant to frighten away any potential individuals willing to contest the act itself, notably members of the Bourbon family who were still armed to support the right of their family to the throne. The act of terror was thus also a political act.

t the same time, one needs to mention some of Napoleon's closest collaborators to understand how closely Napoleon was influenced by Terror during his reign. One of them is Fouche, the chief of police and, during the French Revolution, one of the key instrument of applying terror throughout the country. s a Jacobin, his activity in Lyon marked….

However, from the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the Revolution gradually changed its course when it was governed by the Committee of Public Safety. In what later became known as the Terror, Robespierre enforced a regime of revolutionary 'correctness.' While the original intention of the Revolution may have been to equalize the relationship between the estates (and did not even have the express intention of overthrowing the monarchy, although that did eventually result), the Terror advocated, in the words of Robespierre, to uphold "public rights over private interests" (Sherman 120).

"Worn out by the turmoil of the Revolution," shortly after the reign of the Terror, a new form of government swept France in the form of the Napoleonic Regime. The military genius Napoleon was neither a republican nor a monarchist (Sherman 132). Eventually Napoleon was able to place an "Imperial Crown" on his head, with remarkably little….

French Revolution
Seemingly prudent people go to war against their government when conditions under current laws make it impossible to earn a living and provide for their families, such as the conditions which led to the French Revolution.

The French Kingdom was divided into districts headed by an individual, the "intendant," appointed by the crown, who had complete authority and total control, except in military matters (Young pp). So enormous was his power that he could exempt, change, add, or diminish at pleasure, thus, friends, acquaintances, and dependents of the intendant as well as their friends, acquaintances and dependents formed a chain of class who were privileged under existing laws at the expense of the common people, including basic human rights (Young pp).

This chain of privileged persons would be favored in taxation and protected in court (Young pp). ith nobility and clergy exempt from taxation, the burden of taxes was forced upon….

The King was stripped of his power, the clergy was required to swear an oath of loyalty to the constitution and church property was confiscated and used for security on the issues of assignats, or paper money. After the overthrow of the Monarchy Napoleon came into power in France and ruled as a dictator however, the people in France had learned that this type of ruler did not have to be tolerated.
Summary and Conclusion

This work has answered the question posed which asks whether the French Revolution was a war of the classes. Indeed it was a war of the classes, however the lines are not clearly drawn dividing the classes and as well there was much bleeding over from one class to the other in terms of that dealt with by a particular class in relation to their social position. For example, the bourgeoisie were also inclusive of the….

evolution
Talking About a evolution?

The word "revolution" has several meanings, all of which are closely related but that have significant and important differentiating details. The most basic and concrete meaning of the word, and the earliest usage of the word in English as derived directly from its Latin roots, is simply "a revolving," from Latin words meaning "to turn" or "to roll" (Online Etymology Dictionary, 2012). From this usage there quickly sprang the meaning of an "instance of a great change [or turn] in affairs," and in the current age the word can and has been applied from major scientific discoveries that fundamentally change the understanding of the universe to a new non-stick pan available for three payments of nine-ninety-nine (Online Etymology Dictionary, 2012). So when someone raises a question like, is the French evolution or the Industrial evolution more of a true revolution, the answer must include an analysis of….

When the revolutionary leaders confiscated Church land, they were restricting the rights of the French people to pursuer their religion and faith as they had done in the past. Even though the Church had, like the monarchy, imposed taxes on the French people, it was nonetheless their faith, which was, for a time, completely altered when the post evolution elite confiscated those holdings.
For a long time, the historians of the French evolution saw the revolutionary cults only as political endeavors appropriate to the circumstances. eacting against this tendency, Albert Mathiez wanted to underscore the specifically religious character of these cults.2 Then it became a question of agreeing on the nature of the religious occurrence. On this question, Mathiez is a strict follower of Durkheim who affirms that it is essentially by their form that we recognize religious phenomena. Like his predecessors, Mathiez seems little concerned with studying the religious….

French Revolution Revisited
No moment in history stands alone, but each builds surely from the moments before it. The French Revolution and its aftermath was no exception. In many ways it sprang from the undeniable and unswayable forces of modernization, toppling a system which was dying under its own weight and intrinsically unable to adapt and survive in the new economic and philosophical reality. One could argue that this violent overthrow of the old aristocracy was the inevitable outcome of modernization and the arrival of the bourgeoisie class. The war was caused by the financial and social collapse of the old regime and the disappointed hopes of a people who had been inspired by the enlightenment; its effects were far reaching and terrible in their bloody implications, and its overall effect upon the world is hopelessly drawn between the good and ill.

Three main issues may be pointed at as causing….

The dominant religion of France at the time (as now) was Roman Catholicism. Aston begins his book by discussing the special, privileged role of the First Estate, as well as different theological debates raging at the time, such as the Jansenism controversy. He also gives attention to other faiths, including Protestantism and Judaism, which were present in France at the time. Protestants and Jews were some of the Revolution's earliest recipients of additional rights in the new, secular, equal society.[footnoteRef:4] [4: Nigel Aston, Religion and Revolution in France, 1780-1804, (Washington, D.C: Catholic University of America Press, 2000), 244.]
Another important influence was what Aston calls a lack of 'enlightened piety,' or the persistence of a mixture of folk traditions and populist Catholicism despised by intellectuals, but professed in practice by members of the working classes. Although France would come to seem like the paradigmatic example of Enlightenment revolution (or non-religion)….

French Revolution. There are three references used for this paper.
The French Revolution was known as a Reign of Terror. It is important to understand why it began, how it was justified, its goals and whether the goals were accomplished.

Beginning of Terror

The first stage of the Revolution was from 1787 to 1789, and was mainly a "legal debate between monarchy and aristocracy over the financing of the state and the political authority which each claimed to enjoy and exercise (www.britannia.com/history/euro/1/2_2.html)." Aristocrats known as an Assembly of Notables demanded "political authority in return for tax reform. This assembly achieved nothing but further aggravation between monarch and aristocracy (www.britannia.com/history/euro/1/2_2.html)."

The major phase began in 1789 as competing classes encountered each other, and when an extension of the nation's political base was "demanded and obtained by the bourgeoisie. This initiated an aristocratic protest against the absolute monarchy bequeathed by Louis XIV, then enlarged in….

Outline for Essay: How Historic Events Led to the Emergence of Sociology

I. Introduction
A. Hook: Begin with a compelling statement or anecdote that highlights the profound impact of historic events on the development of human societies.
B. Thesis statement: State the main argument that historic events have played a crucial role in shaping the emergence and evolution of sociology.

II. The Enlightenment and the Roots of Sociology
A. Describe the intellectual and social context of the Enlightenment in Europe during the 18th century.
B. Explain how the Enlightenment thinkers' emphasis on reason, scientific inquiry, and human progress laid the groundwork for....

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Chapter 1: Ancient Civilizations

The Rise and Fall of the Sumerian City-States
The Indus Valley Civilization: Unraveling the Enigma
The Ancient Egyptian Civilization: Pyramids, Pharaonic Power, and Daily Life
The Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations: Maritime Masters of the Aegean
The Zhou Dynasty and the Birth of Chinese Civilization

Chapter 2: Classical Civilizations

The Athenian Golden Age: Democracy, Philosophy, and the Arts
The Roman Empire: Conquests, Governance, and the Pax Romana
The Mauryan Empire: From Chandragupta to Ashoka's Legacy
The Hellenistic World: A Syncretic Blend of Greek and Persian Cultures
The Han Dynasty: China's Ascendancy and Technological Innovations

Chapter 3: Medieval Civilizations

The....

Napoleon Bonaparte's Rise to Power and Reign as Emperor

Early Life and Military Career

Born in Corsica in 1769 to a noble family of modest means
Educated in military schools in France
Commissioned as an artillery officer in 1785

French Revolution

Supported the French Revolution, rising through the ranks rapidly
Commander of the Army of Italy in 1796, leading to a series of spectacular victories
Became a national hero and a powerful figure in the Directory, the ruling body of France

Coup d'État of 18 Brumaire

On November 9, 1799 (18 Brumaire in the French Republican Calendar), Bonaparte staged a coup and overthrew....