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There is some circularity to this argument; government needs to "scale up infrastructure investment to reduce production and trade costs" (Mubiru, a. 2010. PP. 5), yet cannot do so without consistent revenue streams.
The property tax represents a broad-based scheme "which offers a significant, and largely unexploited opportunity for taxation in Africa" (Mubiru, a. 2010. PP. 5). Property taxes "can grow with urban development and the corresponding need for urban infrastructure…and are progressive, scalable, and administratively feasible" (Mubiru, a. 2010. PP. 5). In Botswana "local authorities levy rates on property owners" (Deloitte.com. Botswana. 2012. PP. 1-2) with sale rates not exceeding five percent (Deloitte.com. Botswana. 2012. PP. 1-2). The "rates" provide a solid funding base which allows for continued upgrade and development of infrastructure. Zimbabwe by contrast has no property tax rate which has left their infrastructure open to decay and stagnation. The rule for policy onlookers should be a low "rate" scheme which will grow as investment and infrastructure bloom. This tax program however, must be in the larger context of an effective overall tax policy.
Tax Policy
The stability and prosperity of Botswana is reflected in a tax regime which is built to raise revenue to fund necessary government service but encourages...
Zimbabwe presents a complex and confiscatory system which discourages entrepreneurial activity and wealth accumulation. Tax structures must provide transparency, low rates, as broad a base as possible, and a configuration which allows expansion of individual investment and savings. The goal of lower income African nations should be to build a flat rate system which strives to reduce the "total tax burden as a percentage of total domestic income" (Heritage.org. About. 2012. PP. 1-2) to a level which balances private investment with government spending needs on infrastructure.
Looking at Botswana and Zimbabwe, the former provides top income and corporate tax rates of 25% and a low value added tax of 12%; equally important the resident and non-resident individual and corporate entity are treated as equals under the tax code (Deloitte.com. Botswana. 2012. PP. 1-2). Zimbabwe has since the collapse of their state currency impacted meaningful change on their tax rate regime however, the rates are still significantly higher than Botswana, with the top income tax rate of 35%, corporate rate of 25%, and VAT of 15% (Deloitte.com. Zimbabwe. 2012. PP. 1-2). Additionally there is opaqueness in the tax code on foreign investment and non-resident incomes. Interesting to note also that the hyperinflation of the 00's under Mugabe
Tax Policy
The stability and prosperity of Botswana is reflected in a tax regime which is built to raise revenue to fund necessary government service but encourages economic freedom and dynamic free markets. Zimbabwe presents a complex and confiscatory system which discourages entrepreneurial activity and wealth accumulation. Tax structures must provide transparency, low rates, as broad a base as possible, and a configuration which allows expansion of individual investment and savings. The goal of lower income African nations should be to build a flat rate system which strives to reduce the "total tax burden as a percentage of total domestic income" (Heritage.org. About. 2012. PP. 1-2) to a level which balances private investment with government spending needs on infrastructure.
Looking at Botswana and Zimbabwe, the former provides top income and corporate tax rates of 25% and a low value added tax of 12%; equally important the resident and non-resident individual and corporate entity are treated as equals under the tax code (Deloitte.com. Botswana. 2012. PP. 1-2). Zimbabwe has since the collapse of their state currency impacted meaningful change on their tax rate regime however, the rates are still significantly higher than Botswana, with the top income tax rate of 35%, corporate rate of 25%, and VAT of 15% (Deloitte.com. Zimbabwe. 2012. PP. 1-2). Additionally there is opaqueness in the tax code on foreign investment and non-resident incomes. Interesting to note also that the hyperinflation of the 00's under Mugabe
Innovative Practices in Public School Education and Administration America has been one of the leading countries of prospects for disenfranchised individuals and, simultaneously, a country of the utmost economic stratification amid the comfort of the wealthiest and the miserable conditions of the poorest. However, the American public schools have been victim to a number of diseases that need to be rectified. A lot of educators in classrooms of the public schools
2010 world cup South Africa South African Economy and the World cup There is no doubt in the fact that the world has become a global village as technology has progressed and travelling has become easier. People now travel from country to country with an ease as if they used to visit a relative. The globalization has gifted the people the ease to travel miles across to another country to attend and
Education: The Intolerance of Zero Tolerance Zero Tolerance Policies in Public Schools One has only to turn on the television, log onto the Internet, or glance at a newspaper to see that violence is everywhere in our society. The nightly news is dominated by one act of depravity after another: murders, rapes, and violent assaults, among others. Hate crimes send shockwaves through seemingly peaceful communities. A cross is burned in a field, a
submitted, the Ivory Coast is set to swear in Alassane Ouattara as the country's new president (CNN, 2011, 1), ending over six months of internal turmoil that threatened to lead the country into outright civil war, and challenged the international community's ability and willingness to respond. Ouattara had been unable to take the presidency despite winning last November because losing incumbent Laurent Gbagbo refused to cede power (Ibid). On
Before this, malaria took place mainly in much the Western states of the Sub-Sahara Africa (Mark, 2002). For several decades, malaria has out-played war as a basis of human anguish. Over the preceding many decades it has taken away lives of millions of human beings, as well as, shattered the potency of hundreds of millions other human beings. It carries on to be an arduous nuisance on man's efforts to
Governments will not provide public goods to those they mistrust, as they will not expect to be able to collect taxes at a later date. In Africa, this again can be related to ethnic tensions -- governments and regions from different ethnic groups may have mutual mistrust that predates the colonial era. Conclusions Every nation will develop in its own way. For the most part, however, specific antecedents to development can