Daily Hassles Scale; Beck Depression Inventory; and

¶ … Daily Hassles Scale; Beck Depression Inventory; and Ways of Coping Questionnaire The Daily Hassles and Uplifts (HSUP) scale, created by Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Folkman, measures participants attitudes about daily events characterized (by them,) as either "hassles" or "uplifts." Instead of focusing on potentially stressful events as overwhelming and frustrating, the tool provides participants with a way in which they can regard them as life-changing thereby growth producing, and positive.

The Uplifts scale suggests positive aspects of daily life and counteracts stress and consists of three scales: the Hassles scale, the Uplift scale, and the Combined scale. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aahron Beck, is a 21-question multiple choice self-inventory (each item scored on a scale of 0-3) and one of the most widely used instruments for measuring depression.

It believes that depression stems from cognitive attitudes and breaks depression into three categories: affective, physical, and cognitive by relating symptoms of depression to items such as hopelessness and irritability, physical symptoms such as weight-loss and fatigue, and cognitive feelings of, for instance, guilt and anxiety. The BDI has three versions: the original version published in 1961, and revised as BDI -- A and finally as BDI-II.

The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WAYS), created by Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus, measures the thoughts and actions that people use to measure stressful stituations. Similar to the HSUP, the WAYS identifies, assesses and measures processes (not styles) in which people can better cope with stressful situations. Researchers have often used this tool to measure the determinants of coping. Its scales include items on Confrontive Coping, Distancing, Self-Controlling, Seeking Social Support, Accepting Responsibility, Escape-Avoidance, Planful Problem Solving, and Positive Reappraisal. 2.

Data about each tool, such as cost, length, the ease in using the tool, for what populations it is best designed, and the validity of information. The HSUP is best used on the adult and college-age population, age 20 years and up. Data for the combined scale is reported for a population aged 65 to 74, and the combined scale is, therefore, relevant for an elderly population. Both scales can be used for both normative and intraindividual analysis.

The HSUP manual (or sampler set) is reliable in that it was tested on a wide sample of 448 adults and 432 college students and that they have been tested on both cross-sectional and prospective studies of the stress process. The HSUP consists of three scales: the Hassles scale has 117 items; the Uplift Scale has 135 items, whereas the Combined scale has 53 items. The entire scale takes approximately 10 minutes to complete each scale and is not difficult. It costs $40.00.

The Beck Depression Inventory (1996) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring depression. The questionnaire (21 items comprised of 4 statements that deal with a specific issue of depression in increasing severity) targets individuals aged 13 to 80 years. The BD-II is considered extremely valid in that it shows excellent agreement with the Hamilton Depression rating scale and has had high-test-retest reliability as well as high internal consistency. It is widely used by health care professionals and researchers in a variety of settings.

The scale takes 5 minutres to complete and can be self-administered or verablly administered by a trained indivdiual. It exists in Spanish and English and costs $115.50. The WAYS can be completed in approximately 10 minutes. The scales are rated from 0-3. Its use ranges from high school to adults and, being easy, can be self-administered. It costs $40.00. 3. Describe how this tool enhances the assessment phase of the nursing process and affects the quality of health care delivered by the nurse. how applying Watson's theory of human caring integrates the mind-body-spirit dimensions.

The HSUP and the WAYS are both useful tools that can help nurses work with patients to develop both coping skills. The WAYS can be used to help patients evaluate their thought processes, their strengths and weakness, and to provide them with alternative ways of coping with the situation. When it comes to evidence-based nursing, the WAYS can be invaluable as tool for research. Here it can be used, for instance, to measure effects of interventions.

The HSUP, a very similar tool to the WAYS and devised by the same authors, is helpful for nurses dealing with patients who experience stressed and/or who suffer from stress-produced disease. Nurses can use it as stimulus material in workshops aside from which it can be used to analyze and identify sources of stress and then to convert them into more positive perspectives.

On a personal level, the HSUP could also be used for nurses themselves since it is estimated that nurses undergo a high level of stress and burnout (often leading to attrition). The HSUP is helpful in that perceiving stressful events as positive, rather than negative, will empower both nurses and patients and enable nurses to help patients develop strategies whereby they can transform these events from potentially crippling circumstances to growth-inducing instances.

Depression can be thought of as having two components, the affective components that consists of attitudes such as guilt, pessimism, hopelessness etc. And the physical component that can be evidence by variables such as fatigue, weight-loss and so forth. The BD-II, by breaking these two components into two different categories, enables the nurse (or caregiver) to separate the components of depression and to assess into which category the depressed individual most likely falls.

This will make it easier to treat the individual and to know whether to apply medial or psychological solutions or a combination of both. Connection of the tools to Watson's theory of human caring The tools describe the mind-body connection and show, particularly BDI-II, that the physical and the cognitive are inextricably linked. John Watson theory of Transpersonal caring (1971) also called the Theory of Human Caring or the Caring Model, emphasized that humanistic nursing must be integrated with scientific research and caregiving procedures.

Nursing is a distinct health profession, and Watson believed that the base of medicine is caring and that caring.