Cardiovascular Alterations
From the information provided, the diagnosis would be mitral regurgitation that is possibly caused by dilated cardiomyopathy. Mitral regurgitation is a condition that causes the abnormal flow of blood back from the left ventricle (LV) to the left atrium (LA) during ventricular systole, which produces a systolic murmur that is heard loudest at the cardiac apex (Acker et al., 2014). The murmur also radiates into the axilla and back. This condition is normally caused by disruption of any part of the mitral valve apparatus. The leakage can cause there to be an increase in blood volume and pressure within the area. This increased blood pressure in the left atrium can result in an increase in pressure in the veins that lead from the lungs to the heart (Acker et al., 2014). Severe regurgitation will result in increased pressure that can cause congestion in the lungs. Symptoms of the disorder might be hard to establish in a patient because the patient could have normal results. The disorder might also not have any symptoms. As the was the case with the patient in the case, all examinations were within normal limits and they did not have any history of cardiac death in their family.
Diagnosis...
References
Acker, M. A., Parides, M. K., Perrault, L. P., Moskowitz, A. J., Gelijns, A. C., Voisine, P., . . . Puskas, J. D. (2014). Mitral-valve repair versus replacement for severe ischemic mitral regurgitation. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(1), 23-32.
Goldstein, D., Moskowitz, A. J., Gelijns, A. C., Ailawadi, G., Parides, M. K., Perrault, L. P., . . . Gillinov, A. M. (2016). Two-year outcomes of surgical treatment of severe ischemic mitral regurgitation. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4), 344-353.
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