Formal labeling is manifest when teachers treat students labeled as gifted as brighter, which motivates the children to perform better on tests, or when students labeled as 'special education' or 'ESL' are assumed to be capable of less than other children. If less is expected of them, they will naturally perform at a lower standard. Module 4

Q5. Identify some of the factors that could lead to inept parenting in single parent family households.

Even the best single parent faces considerable challenges. Single parent households tend to be less affluent economically, which automatically presents a difficulty in terms of ensuring that children have safe and healthy environments in which to live. Single parents may not be able to provide basic necessities for the child. Also, because single parents must work, often for long hours, children may be left alone or with caretakers for much of the day. There may be poor or inconsistent discipline, regarding completing the child's schoolwork. The stresses of providing for a family can make the parent lash out at the child, and then compensate by being over-indulgent or permissive out of guilt. Also, the parent has no...

Depending on the gender of the parent, the child may lack a role model, or may feel conflicted when the parent brings a boyfriend or girlfriend into the home, who functions as a rival for the parent's affections and also may or may not remain with the family.
Q6. Think about the effects living in a multigenerational family could have on a child. What is your personal opinion of this type of family structure?

Grandparents can provide a wonderful support network. They can act as caregivers when parents are at work, and are more likely to teach the children different skills and activities than a paid babysitter. On the other hand, an ailing grandparent can take time away from the parent's ability to care for his or her children. Depending on the personality of the grandparent and the parent, the older adult can dominate the child's upbringing, be overly permissive or protective, and interfere with the authority of the parent. The multigenerational family is not intrinsically better or worse, rather what is important is the overall emotional stability of the unit as a whole.