Centralization and decentralization of HRM

Centralized HRM operations are conducted within the HRM department and they assume that all employee related actions be implemented by the human resources specialists. Such an endeavor creates a context in which the human resource actions are taken in an objective and professional manner. Specifically, the decisions are made based on the organizational benefits and the technical considerations at an overall organizational level. In the case of decentralization nonetheless, the human resource decisions are taken in a less formal manner and they are influenced by personal bias of the medical staff conducting the interviews. The benefit is nevertheless that of the staff decisions being made not on grounds of organizational benefits, but on skills and abilities at a medical level.

A centralized human resource department then supports organizational gains and objectives, whereas a decentralized human resources act supports professional and medical benefits. It is expected that the future brings about a partial decentralization and this would be manifested by the higher levels of involvement from the medical staff in staffing decisions. The technical operations would remain under the umbrella of the HRM department, but the medical experts would also participate in the decision making process.

Communication

The overall success of the operations undergone by the healthcare organizations depends directly on their ability to communicate. In the sector, it is crucial to quickly transmit the information, as well as efficiently process and integrate it. Face-to-face communication is essential in creating trust and establishing both authority, as well as respect and collaboration. In this however, attention should be paid not to invade someone's personal space. The first signs of this indicate the interlocutor' tendency to move away from the speaker or his reticence to what the other is saying. Additionally, grapevine has a main disadvantage of sending information in that it includes...

This can be reduced through the creation of an organizational culture focused on facts and truth, as well as efficient communications between management and staffs in order to reduce any chance for misunderstandings.
Medicare and Medigap

At the level of patient care, the Medicare Program is noteworthy. It represents a program through which the United States government ensures medical care for people over 65, people under 65 with specific disabilities and people of any age who suffer from final stage renal disease. Its main benefits include hospital insurance, medical insurance and drug prescription coverage. In a context in which the patients desire to gain an increased coverage and fill in the gaps left by the initial program, they can purchase the Medigap insurance (Website of Medicare).

Torts

A final problem which would be addressed at this stage refers to torts, or wrong doings addressed at another individual, and which can be intentional or result from negligence. Some examples include assault, battery, unreasonable risks, injury, insufficient care and so on (Connor). Negligence often implies insufficient attention paid to a specific patient, which then experiences personal damage. Torts often result in compensatory payments, such as special damages, which can also be punitive, and general damages, which are the natural result of a wrongful action. Today, more and more cases of malpractice arise and this can be attributed to the decreasing morale, quality and resources of the medical act.