Comparison of JIT, MRP, and Synchronized Manufacturing
JIT production focuses on sourcing raw materials just in time for factory use according to a production schedule; it helps manufacturers store low quantities of raw materials. The alignment of the raw materials to the production schedule is done (it doesn't work well when the materials are delayed). Synchronous manufacturing ensures that a manufacturer processes raw materials into finished products to place orders or first-in/first-out. Raw materials are turned into finished products that the customers place orders (can work if the materials are delayed). MRP involves inventory management which easily estimates the raw materials.
It might be used: For example, for a car builder to build its final product, they need their parts from the suppliers. To build the specific car on the said date, the parts shall be received in time just as they needed them to be. The delivery quantity is equal to the quantity that needs to be produced.
Amounts of Raw Materials and WIP inventories: The raw materials for sub-assembly must be completed before production.
Where it might be used: For example, the production schedules an item to buffer the finished goods (excess but not so much), then they plan to buffer the next day since the item will be delivered. But the sub-parts needed haven't had a production order yet. The MRP can help the planner advance the raw materials to produce the finished product to avoid delays.
Amounts of Raw Materials and WIP inventories: replenishing raw materials before the inventory hits.
Question
JIT
MRP
Synchronized Manufacturing
Where used
Continuous flow, make-to-stock
Job shop, custom shop
Job shop, custom shop
WIP
Very low
Very high
Low
Production cycle time
Very short
Very long
Short
Schedule flexibility
Level production for a minimum of 30 days
MRO frozen for 30 days, but variable in work centers
Can be changed daily as needed
Regard to capacity limits
High, Tries to balance capacity
Terrible. May start okay but quickly becomes inaccurate
Is founded on capacity limitations
Labor skills
Multi-skilled to help out other areas
Specialized in own work area
Same as MRP
References
Albino, V., & Okogbaa, O. G. (2019). Synchronization of Production Rate with Demand Rate in Manufacturing Systems. InOptimization Methods for Manufacturing(pp. 1-1). CRC Press.
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