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Inevitably and intrinsically, the ultimate objective and, as such, the ultimate end, of an individual human being will be to be happy. The question that Aristotle is asking is what are the required actions (and the required function) that lead to happiness. His answer is that these are all actions that are in accordance to human reason.
With human reason also comes the necessity to act within certain extremes and to be able to find the appropriate middle way between these. The mean is also the 'right amount' out of each activity, action or enterprise that the individual sets himself about to complete. Aristotle exemplifies this with the action of being courageous: being courageous needs to take into consideration both the conditions in which the act needs to be completed and the threats that may arise from that action. The right amount...
Such a situation could be, for example, standing up for yourself in a heated conflict with other individuals. If the subject of discussion is worth standing up for, the individual could consider physical action in that sense. If not, it would be foolish and useless to undertake.
3. Glaucon's argument relies on the idea according to which justice is a good thing in itself, but a burdensome good because of the effects it can cause. An individual would be ready to implement justice and to follow a just cause not so much because one's own belief in justice, but rather because of the fear of the effects that may appear if justice is not implemented. In simple terms, you don't litter because you are afraid of the fine, not because you find littering itself a bad thing.
Finally, property comes only through one's own labor. Therefore, money then becomes a conduit to translate labor into property in the modern sense. Robert Nozick offers several modern praises and critiques of Locke's ancient concepts. Nozick critiques Locke's assumption of natural law based on the limited context of his era. England claimed to have a divine right to acquire property, yet in a free market economy this does not so
Locke v. Berkeley The philosophers John Locke and George Berkeley offer stark contrasts on the issue of various matters. Locke's whose viewpoint can best be classified as based in relativism. He believed that all knowledge come from the senses. As every man's senses are unique, no two individuals will sense the same experience the same and, therefore, all knowledge is different in each individual. By extension, there is no such thing
Locke and Rousseau on the Question of Inequality John Locke's Second Treatise of Government argues that "men are naturally free" (55). In other words, Locke believed that humans, in their natural state, and prior to the creation of civil society, would have been a kind of sovereign entity, possessing a set of natural rights prescribed by God and nature, and those rights would have afforded individuals the opportunity to protect themselves
John Locke and Two Treatises of Government Locke's Conception of the State of Nature vs. The State of War In "Two Treatises of Government" Locke strives to present the notion that a government grounded in the consent of the populace does not necessarily "lay a foundation for perpetual disorder and mischief, Tumult, Sedition and Rebellion"(Book II, Chapter I, Sec.25). Locke suggests all of mankind operates on the Law of Nature, within which
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke each formulated notions regarding human liberty in nearly the same social, political, and provincial circumstances. Although their most famous works were separated approximately forty years from one another, they were both wealthy members of seventeenth century English society during a period of particular social and religious turmoil. Similarly, both Hobbes and Locke sought to use reasoning to determine the most appropriate form of political and
Conceptions of American Freedom Freedom is an extremely important aspect of American culture, history, and identity. The European settlers that sailed to what would later become the United States of America, came for key reasons, one of which was freedom of religion. The concept of freedom was in one way very important to the people of the United States. Certainly, the concept of freedom in America is fraught with conflict,