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NR GrandroundsA 75-year old female has pain brought by osteoarthritis in her right knee. She reports tenderness over joint line, pain with activities, and feels like giving away or locking at times. She also complains of limited activity and passive range of motion on right knee.
Case Study
This condition is characterized by the progressive loss of joint cartilage, which is detected on x-ray as a narrowing of the joint space (Workman & Rebar, 2018). Additionally, as the cartilage tries to regenerate, reactive changes take place at joint margins and the subchondral bone in the form of osteophytes. Early OA is characterized by weak correlation between joint pain and synovitis.
Criteria for Diagnosis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease brought by joint dysfunction and is characterized by pain and limited range of motion (Kanamoto et al., 2020). It is the progressive joint weakening and loss of cartilage and bone.
Definition
The diagnosis of this condition is based on presenting symptoms, physical signs, x-ray, and laboratory tests (Chinese Orthopaedic Association, 2010). In laboratory assessment, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) may be slightly high when secondary synovitis (synovial inflammation) occurs. ESR also tend to increase with age,...…patch, gel, or cream, buspirone topical cream, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Other oral drugs include muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine and hydrochloride (Flexeril) as well opioids. Surgical procedures like total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and total joint replacement (TJR) could be used.
Pharmacological Treatment
One of the expected outcomes of medication management is to relieve pain. Additionally, drugs are used to help enhance the cartilage-protective agents and disease condition. Follow-up care involves conducting blood tests to examine disease condition and based on a patients characteristics.
Expected Outcomes
References
Chinese Orthopaedic Association. (2010). Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. Orthopaedic Surgery, 2(1), 1-6.
Ignatavicius, D.D., Workman, M.L., & Rebar, C.R. (2018). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Kanamoto, T., Mae, T., Yokohama, T., Tanaka, H., Ebina, K. & Nakata, K. (2020). Significance and definition of early knee osteoarthritis. Annals of Joint, 5(4), 1-4.
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