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Fatigability and dyspnea on exertion may be seen in PDA patients that have reached 40 years old, however, if their PDA has not been treated, or has not been treated properly (www.med-help.net).
Having a PDA allows for blood to shunt from left to right, or from the systemic circulation to the pulmonary circulation. The flow of blood is therefore excessive on the pulmonary side and there are very few factors that can control how severe this actually is. The larger the narrowest point of the ductus arteriosus, the larger the shunt. A restrictive ductus arteriosus can also have an effect, depending on the length of the narrowed area. Having a longer ductus is often associated with having a smaller shunt. It is also partially controlled by how much pulmonary vascular resistance there is when compared with systemic vascular resistance. Low pulmonary vascular resistance or high systemic vascular resistance creates a larger flow through the ductus arteriosus. Having a large shunt results in enlargement of the left ventricle and atrium, and very large PDAs can also...
For medical care, the premature neonate is often treated with indomethacin given intravenously. This can sometimes close the PDA without surgical intervention. After age 1, however, cardiac catheterization is the most common way of closing a PDA. Surgical intervention is often used in the case of PDAs that are much larger and therefore cannot be closed by occlusion through cardiac catheterization or through intravenous indomethacin. All procedures that are commonly used appear to have very good results and differences in recovery rates, life expectancy, and other related issues are not apparent (www.emedicine.com).
Bibliography www.emedicine.com.(2004). Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Retrieved 23 January 2005 at http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1747.htm www.med-help.net.(n.d.) Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Retrieved 23 January 2005 at http://www.med-help.net/PatentDuctusArteriosus.html
Bibliography www.emedicine.com.(2004). Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Retrieved 23 January 2005 at http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1747.htm www.med-help.net.(n.d.) Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Retrieved 23 January 2005 at http://www.med-help.net/PatentDuctusArteriosus.html
Flushing and Whitestone Disease Prevention Plan New York is a city that comprises of several different neighborhoods. What makes this city to be distinct are how diverse these areas are, their vast historical account and also the people. However, protracted and gradually increasing income inequality, coupled with a past of racial seclusion of residents, has given rise to startling health discriminations between neighborhoods. There is a tendency of deteriorating health results
Trisomy 13 or Patau Syndrome is a genetic disease in which the person has 3 copies of the genetic material from chromosome 13 instead of having 2 copies. It occurs when the extra DNA from chromosome 13 appears in some or all of the body's cells. The treatment of this disorder differs from child to child and depends on the symptoms. Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome) Background (description of the disease, its symptoms,
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants/Neonates Prophylactic and early surfactant administration Later surfactant administration O: Reduced mortality and pulmonary complications (Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-BPD and other) Surfactant therapy involves intervention via various methods like oxygen, CPAP, mechanical ventilation, and surfactant. Many ask if surfactant therapy works. They also ask what is the ideal dose and when to administer the dose. Too much and too late could cause problems versus early with a low dose. When
Fetal Renal There are a number of different renal impairments that can impact the fetus. Most renal impairments are related to urine production rather than elimination, because metabolites are cleared in the placenta (Vanderkeyden, Kumar & Fisk, 2003, p. 279). However, outflow problems like hydronephrosis are also possible. In some cases, congenital problems cause one kidney only to be affected. Ultrasound testing usually detects renal impairments like renal insufficiency. However effective
I knew she was researching subjects on her own, so I tried not to talk down to her, but explain things in terms she would understand. I think talking down to patients and family does them a great disservice, and makes you appear untrustworthy in their eyes, so I always try to speak to them like I would speak to a colleague, but without the jargon and medical detail. I've
Source: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content-nw/full/111/23/e394/TBLIB Echocardiographic Features That Suggest Potential Need for Surgical Intervention Vegetation Persistent vegetation after systemic embolization Anterior mitral leaflet vegetation, particularly with size >10 mm* embolic events during first 2 wk of antimicrobial therapy* Increase in vegetation size despite appropriate antimicrobial http://circ.ahajournals.org/math/dagger.gif Valvular dysfunction Acute aortic or mitral insufficiency with signs of ventricular http://circ.ahajournals.org/math/dagger.gif Heart failure unresponsive to medical http://circ.ahajournals.org/math/dagger.gif Valve perforation or http://circ.ahajournals.org/math/dagger.gif Perivalvular extension Valvular dehiscence, rupture, or http://circ.ahajournals.org/math/dagger.gif New heart http://circ.ahajournals.org/math/dagger.gif Large abscess or extension of abscess despite appropriate