Plato, Kant, and Aristotle Plato,

Plato, Kant, And Aristotle Plato, Kant, Aristotle Short Questions Describe what you take to be Socrates' best argument against the charge that he was corrupting the young people. Socrates argues that it is impossible for him to have corrupted the youth, for he merely spoke from his own beliefs in a free society, and those young people who listened to him were free to do so, or free to reject what they heard.

What does Socrates say of the relationship between the individual and the state, based on Crito? Socrates states that the relationship between the individual and the state is like that of the soul and the body. One should follow the opinion of the wise (physicians and trainers) with regard to the health of the body. Life would not be worth living with an unhealthy body.

The state, although Socrates disagrees with Athenian teaching, has harbored and protected his body and soul for his entire life, thus he cannot flout its convention. List all the reasons Crito gave Socrates for escaping from prison. Discuss the appropriateness of these reasons (taken together) from Socrates' point-of-view. Crito argues that the state has been unjust and mad. The state has become a stranger to its own stated morals, essentially, by condemning the philosopher.

But Socrates suggest that life would not be worth living even more with an unjust soul, and to escape Athens and put those that aided him into jeopardy would be unjust. Although Socrates does not wish to die, he regards the health of the soul and justice is more important than the health of the body. Not life, but a good life, is to be chiefly valued. What counts is whether it is just or unjust to escape from prison and enlist the help of others to do this.

In relation to the laws, one must be subservient. They are "to be soothed, and gently and reverently entreated when angry, even more than a father, and if not persuaded, obeyed..." List all the ways Euthyphro defined piety. Why did Socrates reject any two of these as definitions of piety? Firstly, Socrates rejects Euthyphro's arguments as examples, not as definitions of philosophy -- thus, they are incorrect as logical definitions, philosophically speaking.

Then, specifically, Socrates rejects Euthyphro's suggestion that what makes right actions right is that the gods approve them because the gods are likely to disagree among themselves about moral matters no less often than we do, making some actions both right and wrong. One requires an objective criteria or set of standards particular to humanity, and verifiable by earthly laws and standards, ratehr than according to obedient rule by the gods. Describe Aristotle's position on the relationship between virtue, teaching, and habits.

Aristotle argued that the ability to regulate our desires is not instinctive. It is learned and is the outcome of both teaching and practice and the force of habit. Discuss Aristotle's doctrine of the mean The mean is the result of moral virtues being balanced within the individual. Aristotle saw the mean as the middle road to happiness. He argued that all of life is really an attempt to find the highest good. Pleasure is momentary, but happiness is an ethical state of balance of the individual soul.

Explain the role Aristotle assigns individuals for removing their own ignorance Although he felt teaching was necessary to achieve this goal. Aristotle placed a strong responsibility upon the head of the individual for removing their own ignorance. He stressed that happiness was the utmost moral goal of every individual, and striving for such a balanced and virtuous state was the unique characteristic that set humanity apart from the beasts (and slaves and women, in his view).

Thus, human beings had a responsibility to achieve knowledge, one of the components of true happiness. What is Aristotle's definition of friendship, and what are the kinds (of friendship) he discusses? Friendship is the result of and necessary to lead a virtuous life. Rather than friendships achieved for social utility or pure pleasure, the best friendships are moral, and formed out of pure like-mindedness. Kant frames the categorical imperative in different ways in his discussion.

Do the different statements of the supreme principle of ethics cohere well together or are they contradictory? Kant's most famous definition of the imperative is that nothing can possibly be conceived in the world or out of it that can be called good without qualification except a good will,.