Doctrine of the Holy Trinity
The basis of the doctrine of trinity is based on the "God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy spirit" epithet among the Christians. God is abundantly regarded as pure spirit who cannot be seen by the eyes of every person (spirit) and associated with a material body (son) who and the material body was sent to the world by the father to save the world, these hence form the basis of the modern church, faith in Him. Although the Bible makes use of anthropomorphisms together with anthropopathetic language, these do not mean that God has eyes and ears. Otherwise, the Scripture would be considered inconsistent as Jesus states in the New Testament that God is Spirit.
God is spirit
This is one of the characteristic of God that makes Him acquire the trinity nature. The Spirit nature of God makes the first part of the…...
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References
Augustine, Robert. The Trinity: Translated by Edmund Hill. New York: University Press, 1991.Print.
Rist, Arthur. Christian thought Baptized. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1994. Print.
Bauckham, Richard. God Crucified: Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament. London: Paternoster. 1988. Print
Bauckham, Richard. Theology of Revelation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2007.Print.
However, with the conversion of Constantine, the idea of dualism meaning the separation of the state and church was not necessarily valid any more. More precisely, "before the conversion of Constantine there was no question about the relations of ecclesiastical structure of the oman state; they were clearly separate and all the Church could hope was a benign toleration (…) Constantine's conversion came as a surprise and necessitated a rethinking of the traditional relationship between the two institutions" (Boojamra, 1981, p191).
c) Unitarianism
Unitarianism is a religious belief in deep contrast with the Trinitarianism belief that states that God is a single person. Unlike modalism, Unitarianism does not view Jesus as part of God, but rather as a prophet of God. By contrast, Trinitarianism views God as one being created from three elements. Therefore both Unitarianism and modalism are in deep contrast with Trinitarianism.
d) modalism
Modalism represents the line of thought through…...
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References
Boojamra, John. "Constantine and Justinian" in Orthodox Synthesis: the Unity of Theological Thought (ed) Joseph Allen. New York: Athens Printing Company, 1981.
Lossky, Vladimir. "The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church." New York: SVS Press, 1997
Naturally he rejected the whole of the Old Testament and made a selection of his own from the New Testament Scriptures consisting of the greater Epistles of Paul and an edited version of Luke's Gospel. Tertullian dedicated five books to the denial of this kind of teaching. But it was more simple to show the illogicality of Marcion's doctrine than to resolve in detail the evils elevates by a lot of roads in the Old Testament.
Origen
Origen described the way of biblical interpretation which had previously been utilized by Christian writers, and which Clement had momentarily laid a hand on. Scripture, says Origen, is like a man, in that it is made up of body, spirit, and character. The body of scripture is its accurate connotation, which is understandable to the uncomplicated: the soul is the decent denotation, comprehensible to any advocate when it is made clear to him: the…...
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Works Cited
A Quest for Reform of the Orthodox Church: The 1923 Pan-Orthodox Congress
Orthodox Synthesis: The Unity of Theological Thought
In the spring of 2011 -- the Arab Spring -- I was living in Cyprus. From the deck outside of my bedroom I looked out over the Mediterranean, where the sun was setting, towards the north coast of Africa. Across that water, in Libya, civil war was breaking out. A Libyan fighter pilot flew across the water to Malta, asking for asylum (Hooper & Black, 2011). Libya's leader, Muammar Qadafi, had ordered the pilots to attack protestors in the country, many foreign diplomats resigned, and things only got worse from there.
The international community has long struggled to lay out clear rules for humanitarian intervention. In the 1990s, when humanitarian intervention was utilized on multiple occasions by the international community, civil war was the cause on a few occasions. One such occasion was during the wandan genocide. The UN's response during that time, with peacekeepers, no end of bureaucratic bungling, and…...
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References
Hooper, J. & Black, I. (2011). Libya defectors: Pilots told to bomb protestors flee to Malta. The Guardian. Retrieved May 16, 2015 from Henkin, L. (1999). Editorial comments: NATO' Kosovo intervention. The American Journal of International Law. Vol. 93 (4) 824-828.
Open Fields Doctrine and Its elevance to the U.S. Constitution
What is the open fields doctrine?
According to the definition provided by Black's Law Dictionary (1990), the open fields doctrine "permits police officers to enter and search a field without a warrant. The term 'open fields' may include any unoccupied or undeveloped area outside of the curtilage (Oliver v. U.S., 466 U.S. 170, 104 S.Ct., 1735" (1091). For the purposes of searches and seizures, the term curtilage refers to "those outbuildings which are directly and intimately connected with the habitation and in proximity thereto and the land or grounds surrounding the dwelling which are necessary and convenient and habitually used for family purposes and carrying on domestic employment" (Black's, 384). In Dow Chemical v. United States, 476 U.S. 227, 106, S.Ct. 1819, Chief Justice Burger likewise pointed out that, "The open areas of an industrial plant complex are not analogous to the…...
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References
Black's Law Dictionary, St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (1990).
Bradley, Craig M., The Failure of the Criminal Procedure Revolution, Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania Press (1993).
Dow Chemical v. United States, 476 U.S. 227, 106, S.Ct. 1819.
pen Field Doctrine
The Fourth Amendment is one of the most important and hotly contested and debated amendment within the Bill of Rights to the United State Constitution. Many people focus on the First and Second amendment. The Fourth Amendment, when discussed, usually comes up when speaking of house/car searches and whether warrants are needed and how they can and should be procured. Interpretations of the Fourth Amendment have led to greatly enhanced and expanded rules of evidence that dictate that illicitly gained evidence, even if incriminating, will be excluded if the search that led to its discovery was improper. There has also been allowance for people to be read their "Miranda rights," as a response to the legal appeal brought by Ernesto Miranda and other defendants that gave confessions to police while not first being warned that they the right to remain silient and/or retain/consult counsel prior to being interview…...
This is when the risks for her will increase, which could have an effect on her ability to find employment in the future. ("The Employment at Will Doctrine," 2011) (Johnson, 2007) ("Set Up Employee Policies for Your Business," 2011)
What preventive measures should the employer have in place in order to reduce any risk or liability on its part?
The best approach is for the firm, is to have clear disciplinary procedures in place. The way that this will occur, is through a process of evaluating and documenting employee behavioral issues. For example, anyone who is in violation of company polices will be subject to a verbal warning that will be documented. In the future, if they continue with this kind of behavior, they will receive a written warning. This will ask the individual to cease with their activities or face specific consequences (which are stated). After this takes place, the…...
eagan Doctrine
Scholars studying U.S. foreign relations have long argued that there is great continuity in the conduct of Presidential Administrations. Very often, a policy started by one President continues under the next one. This has especially been the case since World War II. For example, while President Truman began to assist the French to re-take Indochina from local revolutionary forces, in a purported attempt to contain communism, President Eisenhower began to send U.S. advisers to continue the struggle against Communism. President Kennedy escalated it by sending more advisers and President Johnson turned it into a full-scale war. Nevertheless, scholars also note that some Presidents come up with a doctrine that separates them from others. During the Cold War, doctrines pursued by U.S. Presidents, one way or another, dealt with containing Communism. But it was President eagan who specifically outlined a doctrine, calling for an outright sponsorship of guerilla forces who…...
Employment at Will Doctrine
At-will employment is actually American Law's doctrine. It states that in the employment relationship, any of the parties involved can break the relationship anytime without any reliability. But only under the condition if no contract was signed regarding the definite term of the employment relationship. There is a whole set of doctrine which maintains and regulates such type of corporate associations. (C, 1996, pp. 375-376)
As a matter of fact, at-will employment involves a lot of issues which need to be seriously considered and discussed. Consequently, the company who hires such employees encounters certain scenarios which can be exceptional, specific or general depending upon the portfolio of the worker and the nature of the business a company does. Normally the management has to address them and it has to be done carefully in order to fix the things. Being the manager and supervisor of an accounting department is…...
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References:
Budd, J.W. (2004). Employment with a Human Face: Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,, 86-88.
C, R.D. (1996). "The First Decade of Judicial Interpretation of the Montana Wrongful Discharge from Employment Act (WDEA),." In R.D. C, "The First Decade of Judicial Interpretation of the Montana Wrongful Discharge from Employment Act (WDEA)",.
Haymes, J., & Kleiner, B.H. (2001). "Federal and state statutory exemptions to At-Will employment. Managerial Law, 43.
Sandefur, T. (2010). The Right to Earn a Living: Economic Freedom and the Law. Washington, D.C., Cato Institute,, 235-236.
Quoted in "Strengthen Alliances..." Chapter III of "NSS" paper)
Not long after the unveiling of the Bush doctrine vide the NSS, the United States demonstrated its practical application by taking unilateral military action against Iraq despite opposition from most of its key allies and not having a specific UN Resolution to do so.
US Hegemony: Another key feature of the Bush doctrine that appeared in the NSS was that the United States was determined to maintain its military pre-eminence and worldwde military supremacy. It is explicitly state in the NSS policy document: "our forces will be strong enough to dissuade potential adversaries from pursuing a military build-up in hopes of surpassing, or equaling, the power of the United States." The intent to dissuade others from surpassing its military strength indicates a desire for U.S. hegemony. ("Transform America's National Security..." Chapter IX of "The NSS paper")
Actively Promoting Democracy, and Liberty around the orld:…...
Shape and Place of Doctrine in Today's orld
A religion is a way of life. The more religious one considers oneself, the more that one has made a commitment to become closer to God, and to declare oneself a member of a specific community. Today's churches are the result of centuries of development. Bastions of tradition, most creeds hearken back to an earlier day. Their ways and general beliefs were largely fixed in another time and place, one that was often quite different from the world in which we now live. Christianity is only one of many world religions whose origin goes back to Ancient Times. Indeed, there are faiths still practiced today the origins of which pre-date Christianity by some considerable period of time. The earliest Hindu Scriptures were being recited even as the Pharaohs of Egypt thought themselves the greatest rulers in the world. Judaism, the faith that…...
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Works Cited
Cohen, Edmund D. The Mind of the Bible-Believer. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988.
Fisher, George Park. History of Christian Doctrine. New York: AMS Press, 1976.
Hasson, Kevin J. "Religious Liberty and Human Dignity: A Tale of Two Declarations." Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 27, no. 1 (2003): 81+.
Hurst, L.D., ed. New Testament Theology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
Christian Church: Doctrine and Politics
The doctrine and politics of the early Christian Church were intrinsically related to one another, particularly during the fourth and fifth centuries. During this crucial time period in which the Holy oman Empire (which had officially adopted the religion of Christianity) (Shelley, 2008, 1st page chptr 9) was attempting to expand, some of the fundamental principles regarding the nature of this religion and of Christology were widely debated and eventually solidified. There were political issues contributing to the initial debates regarding Christian doctrines, which in turn produced even greater political consequences regarding the solidarity of the Church. A look at several crucial ideas and events in the early Church reveals that Christian doctrine was greatly influenced by political motives and agendas.
The doctrine of Christianity became intertwined with politics once it became the official religion of the oman Empire, which was largely focused on expansion and…...
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References
Noll, M. (2012). Turning points: Decisive moments in the history of Christianity. (3rd ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN-13: 9780801039966 (Available as print text only)
Parys, M.J. (1970). The historical evidence on the Council of Chalcedon: The Council of Chalcedon as historical event. Ecumenical Review. 22(4), 305-320.
Shelley, B. (2008). Church history in plain language (3rd ed.). Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson. ISBN-13: 9780718025533 (Available as print text only)
equitable doctrine of confidence in Australia
Currently there are no statutory laws that grant the "right to privacy" to individuals or corporations in Australia. Further, the common law from 1937 case of Victoria Park acing and ecreation Ground Co Limited v Taylor
up until 1973 with ABC v Lenah Game Meats
and Giller v Procopets
, identification of the right to privacy is essential to the Australian courts.
However, international instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human ights Article 12 and the International Covenant on Civil and Political ights Article 17 both give the individual an inherent right to privacy. Notification should be that whereas Australia is not a member to the treaty of the International Covenant on Civil and Political ights, the country has always maintained in action that its laws and judicial decision will always carry the influence of the ICCP. The Charter of Human ights and esponsibilities Act 2006 found…...
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References
United Nations (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Peter Bartlett (2010) Privacy Down Under: Journal of International Media and Entertainment
law Vol. 15 No. 1. Retrieved from
Australian Law Report Commission (2008) Australian Privacy Laws and Practice, Vol 3 Report 108
The right to use force in self-defense an important civil liberty and right, ensconced in the Second Amendment of the Constitution. Because of Second Amendment assurances, all Americans technically have the right to bear arms in self-defense. Some states have attempted to restrict Second Amendment rights, but the vast majority of states have implemented “some statutory version” of the Castle Doctrine (“What is the Castle Doctrine,” n.d.). In fact, some states like Florida have taken the Castle Doctrine a step further to invoke what are commonly called “stand your ground laws.” Whereas the Castle Doctrine only applies to a person’s “castle,” or home and private property, stand your ground laws can be invoked in any situation requiring self-defense. There is no real reason, evidence-based or otherwise, why Americans who are protected by the provisions of the Constitution should not be able to defend themselves if and when faced with a…...
Kennedy Doctrine and the Cold War
In his inaugural address as the President of the United States on January 1961, John F. Kennedy (popularly called "JFK") delivered a message that directly discussed the United States' official stance regarding its move to implement a foreign policy waging a "cold war" against Communist forces that have been gaining popularity in Asia, South America, and parts of the Middle East during this period. his U.S. foreign policy, popularly called the containment policy against Communism, was the pretext from which the eventual Cold War between Democratic and Communist forces escalated until the 1970s. During this period, JFK was assigned the task of continuing the American legacy of democracy and liberty by promoting a campaign of international alliance and cooperation against the Communist forces. At this point, Communist forces were gaining ground in South America, increasing the threat to both American soil and the country's ideals…...
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These words communicate the message that the support poor nations might be receiving from the Communist forces such as Russia/Soviet Union (one of the stronger forces promoting Communism worldwide during this time), can be met and equaled by the United States, without sacrificing their liberties and human rights. JFK reiterated that human rights are given by the "hand of God," and not from the "generosity of the state," which characterized the complete control of the state/government under the Communist/Socialist society (Kennedy 1961). The doctrine ended with a reminder to United States allies to cooperate and join forces with the American government in its fight for democracy and freedom, as well as the containment of Communism worldwide. He presented a challenge to the American government's ally nations in "defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger," signaling the serious threat that Communism presented to the U.S. during JFK's term (Kennedy 1961). With its direct reference against Communism and its political and military forces in South America and neighboring countries of the United States, the doctrine had indeed solidified the country's fight against Communism -- albeit diplomatically and without the threat of weapons. It was hoped that the United States could prevent the Cold War with the U.S.S.R. from requiring military action and thankfully the war ended without either side having to fire a single shot.
Analysis of the U.S. government's containment policy during JFK's term as president was, in hindsight, shown to be geo-politically and economically-motivated. Leffler's (1984) explication of the United States' containment policy against Communist nations such as the Soviet Union was mainly a response to protecting U.S. interests in South American nations. During JFK's term, the U.S. had numerous interests in the region, which the author called the country's "strategic sphere," having established an "overseas base, air transit rights" that were beneficial to U.S. national security (Leffler 1984,-page 348). With Communism influencing nations in the South American region, the U.S. stood to lose all these strategic benefits, increasing the risk of its security from a geopolitical standpoint. A similar assessment was developed by Naji and Jawan (2011), who contended that what motivated the U.S. government to contain Communism in the Middle Eastern was not so much about the principles of democracy and freedom, but to protect its economic interests in the oil-rich region, as most of the oil companies are either owned, operated, or supported by U.S. companies (page 206-7). The imperative thing for the government was in keeping control of valuable resources and ensuring that these same resources remained out of the hands of the enemies of the American government.
Considering the effects that the containment policy contributed to international politics and the world order during JFK's time, it can be said that the policy made nations rethink about the world order and status quo as it stood
1. The Essence of Thomas Aquinas's Natural Law Theory: An Exploration of Its Foundations and Implications
Discuss the metaphysical and ethical principles that underpin Aquinas's natural law theory. Analyze the concept of the eternal law and its relationship to the natural law. Examine the role of human reason in discerning the precepts of natural law and their binding force.
2. The Harmony of Faith and Reason in Aquinas's Summa Theologica: A Critical Examination
Trace the development of Aquinas's understanding of the relationship between faith and reason. Explore the arguments Aquinas presents for the compatibility of faith and reason. Evaluate the strengths....
Gender Matters in the Insanity Defense: Exploring the Interplay of Gender, Mental Illness, and Legal Outcomes
The insanity defense, a legal doctrine that seeks to exempt individuals from criminal responsibility due to their mental state, has long been a contentious issue in criminal justice. However, one aspect of this defense that has received less attention is the influence of gender on its application and outcomes. This thesis posits that gender plays a significant role in the insanity defense, shaping both the perception of mental illness and the legal treatment of individuals accused of crimes.
Miranda rights, enshrined in the landmark 1966 Supreme Court decision Miranda v. Arizona, have played a pivotal role in safeguarding the rights of individuals accused of crimes. This essay will explore various topic ideas related to Miranda rights, examining their historical significance, legal implications, and impact on criminal justice.
Historical Evolution
The development of Miranda rights: Tracing the legal precedents that led to the Miranda decision. The impact of the Warren Court: The role of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren in expanding Miranda protections. Miranda in the context of other constitutional amendments:....
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