Strategies to improve collaboration and cooperation between the Homeland Security agencies The department of homeland security (DHS) controls the territorial, local, state, tribal, and federal government resources (DHS, 2018). The DHS coordinates various programs and agencies into one single and unified effort that is given to protecting the American homeland and the people. The first QHSR (Quadrennial Homeland Security Review) was completed in the year 2010 with an objective of establishing an incorporated strategy for the goals and missions of homeland security (Homeland Security, 2005). Following this, DHS carried out a BUR (Bottom up Review). The objective was to synchronize organizational structure and programmatic activities in order to effectively achieve the goals and missions of homeland security.

The primary duty of homeland security is to protect the U.S. from any terrorism. The counterterrorism duties of the DHS are concentrated on these three goals i.e. First goal is protecting and resisting any terrorist attacks: In this, the DHS prevents illegal acquisition, movement, importation, or application of biological, chemical, nuclear and radiological materials and such capabilities inside the U.S (DHS, 2018). The second goal is to reduce key resource and critical infrastructure vulnerability, prevent terrorist attacks on major events, essential leadership and other such like hazards. DHS secretary, Napolitano initiated and guided the worldwide initiative for enhancing the international systems of aviation through collaboration and partnerships with industry and governments, new technology investment, and strengthened targeting initiatives (DHS, 2018).

The secretary also started the awareness campaign encouraging people to be vigilant. This has been an effective and simple strategy that helps to raise the level of public awareness with respect to terrorism indicators, threat and crime indicators as well as accentuate the need to report any unusual activities to the enforcement agencies. This campaign was initiated in collaboration with SAR (Suspicious Activity Reporting) initiative (DHS, 2018). SAR encouraged administrative efforts towards training the local and state enforcement agencies on behavior recognition strategies and the pointers associated with terrorist activities and specific threats as well as sharing and reporting of information concerning awkward activities or incidents. The reports trigger an analysis aimed at identifying broad trends (DHS, 2018).

DHS has also continually enhanced the fusion centers in the urban areas. It is DHS that secures the air, sea, and land boarders in order to protect the country from illegal activities while at the same time facilitating lawful trade and travel (DHS, 2018). The management efforts for border security is focused on 3 goals that are related and they are effective security for the sea, air and land borders, streamlining and safeguarding lawful travel and trade, and dismantling and disrupting transnational terrorist and criminal organizations. DHS continues to position resources, technology, and personnel along the southwestern border while at the same time getting into agreements with the international partners and the national law enforcement (DHS, 2018). This helps encourage cooperation and enhance information sharing in order to narrow down on any transnational threats without compromising trade and travel (DHS, 2018).

In combating the detrimental crime of human trafficking DHS initiated the blue movement which entails advanced training for local and state enforcement officers. The blue movement entails international radio, video, and print campaign, multilingual awareness campaigns locally in newspapers printed in fifty foreign languages, assistance materials for victims distributed at the entry port, as well as the DHS website which...

DHS also deals with immigration laws enforcement during the facilitation and streamlining of the legal process of immigration. In many ways the DHS has reformed the enforcement of immigration. The priority has been the elimination and identification of aliens posing danger to the safety of the public. Some employers bleach the immigration laws knowingly (DHS, 2018). DHS also targets such unethical employers.
The immigration department

The U.S. ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) aims at protecting Americans from illegal immigration and crimes across the border as well as from anything that might compromise the safety and security of the public (Homeland Security, 2018).The objectives of the security department are achieved by way of enforcing the numerous federal statutes. Focus is given to the enforcement of smart immigration, alleviation of illegal transfer of goods and people, and prevention of terrorism (Homeland Security, 2018). The enforcement of immigration laws and regulations is the one most conspicuous ICE responsibility. Certain aspects of ICE duties revolve around cooperation and collaboration with the border protection and custom departments. This said though, most immigration and citizenship services are executed within the interior of the U.S. A significant amount of assets for the ICE is found along the borders though (Homeland Security, 2018).

The agents working at ICE endeavor to offer assistance to businesses in order to make it possible for them to secure lawful employees. ICE also enforces the immigration laws against the employees who depend on and encourage unlawful workers (Homeland Security, 2018). Some employers cherish the opportunity to take advantage of the situation by offering peanuts to the undocumented and illegal immigrants and offer them inadequate working conditions. Various programs have been put in place to help ICE enhance and pay more focus on the laid out priorities in order to identify and eliminate illegals who are found to be fugitives, criminals and those who arrived recently (Homeland Security, 2018). The enforcement of immigration details cracking the whip of the immigrants who use fake documentation for the purpose of initiative and enabling unlawful activities. In addition there are various efforts that have been put in place to help improve humane and safe detention and eventual removal of illegals who get involved in illegal activities (Homeland Security, 2018).

Border Security Department

Border protection from illegal contraband, drugs, people, and weapon movement is paramount to the safety and security of the country (Homeland Security, 2018b). The discipline of lawful travel and trade is fundamental to the sovereignty, economic prosperity, and homeland security. There are 7,000 miles of border distance that America shares with both Mexico and Canada. There are also coastal waters, lakes and rivers shared among the three countries (Homeland Security, 2018b). Borders are fundamental economic gateways into a country. Borders are responsible for the dollar trillions of money worth in travel and trade. They also encompass some of the country’s safest and most enormous communities and cities (Homeland Security, 2018b). Border protection from illegal weapon movement, movement of illegal drugs, weapons and contraband goods, and illegal movement of people while at the same time promoting lawful exit and entry is fundamental to the sovereignty, economic prosperity, and homeland security in general (Homeland Security, 2018b).

The DHS travails to ensure that the borders are secured through the infrastructure, technology, and personnel deployed and…