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Testing Hypothesis
The first step to testing a research topic is conducting a literature review to determine what has been researched, any gaps, or any inefficiencies in the research studies. The literature review aids in determining appropriate hypothesis, variables that need to be studied, and appropriate research study methods and designs. Depending on the research methodology and designs as well as the goals of the researcher, appropriate confidence intervals can be determined to evaluate the level of confidence in the research findings.
Depending on previous research studies, if an old timer stated, "Why, in my day, kids were much more respectful and didn't cause as much trouble as they do nowadays!," an appropriate alternative hypothesis could be "Children growing up in the 1940's were more respectful and caused less trouble than children in the 2000's." From the alternative hypothesis a null hypothesis of "Children growing up in the 2000's were as respectful and caused the same...
A sample of participants of 70 years or older is appropriate because of the topic years, 1940's and 2000's, involved. A questionnaire with questions that address the variables found in literature as well as gaps and inefficiencies of previous studies can be drawn. The questionnaire should be standardized for all participants with the same wording, order of questions, and definitions of each variable or measurement, written with clear understanding and encouragement of giving accurate answers, unbiased, and complete information. The order of questions should have opening questions, questions that flow in psychological order, variety, and closing that allow for multiple responses of specified answers to stay on track and eliminate any biasness in the questionnaire.
The goal of…
The fourth step is to perform the relevant statistical test and acquire a test statistic along with its p or probability value (Iyanaga & Kawada, 1980). The fifth and final step involves making a decision to reject or not reject the null hypothesis based on the test statistic. If the p value is less than the pre-determined level of significance, you would reject the null hypothesis (Voelz 2006). The role
global warming. One of the arguments in favor of this being an issue is that temperatures have increased over time, since humans began burning fossil fuels. There are a number of ways to look at the issue, but one thing that has not received much consideration is that baseline data, which is taken from urban areas, may be skewed by other factors besides anthropogenic global warming. One factor that
Management Strategy to Utilize Meta-Analysis Technique for Nuclear Energy and Waste Disposal and Create Social Sustainability This research proposal explores the link between public perceptions of nuclear power, how those perceptions are formed, and what influence those opinions have on energy policy. These issues are important in light of two realities. First, nuclear energy is declining in its share of global energy. Second, nuclear energy offers what might well be
Efficient Market Hypothesis As previously discussed, the weak form efficiency suggests that share prices should follow a random walk, in that each change in share price is unpredictable based on past information. Formally, this is expressed in the following relationship: where the variables are independent and identically distributed random variables representing equity prices at times 1,2,3…,k. So X is the equity price, the equity price at a point in time n and
Supply Chain Management Hypothesis defined Concepts of SCM and the evolution to its present day form Critical factors that affect SCM Trust Information sharing and Knowledge management Culture and Belief -- impact on SCM Global environment and Supply Chain management "Social" and "soft" parameter required for SCM Uncertainties This chapter aims to give an outline and scope of the study that will be undertaken in this work. The study lays out the issues faced by manufacturing organizations when it comes
Still, Mason indicates that the opposite is often true in public education settings, where educators, parents and institutions collectively overlook the implications of research and demands imposed by law. Indeed, "despite the IDEA requirements, research results, teacher perceptions, and strong encouragement from disabilities rights advocate, many youth have been left out of IEP and self-determination activities. For example, 31% of the teaches in a 1998 survey reported that they