This paper examines the relationship between leadership and organizational culture, arguing that culture is composed of shared assumptions, values, and artifacts that guide employee behavior. The paper discusses how strong organizational cultures serve as sources of competitive advantage and mechanisms of control. It also explores the challenges leaders face when introducing new employees to an existing culture, noting that culture is largely invisible and context-dependent. Drawing on Schein's framework of cultural tenets, the paper concludes that effective leadership requires understanding both the incoming employee's prior cultural context and the organization's established norms.
Organizational culture is an inherent part of every organization. Any new member who joins an organization will quickly learn how business is transacted and how challenges are handled, and in doing so will come to understand the culture that exists there. Organizational culture can be defined as a set of assumptions, beliefs, and values shared within an organization that helps guide individuals in knowing which behaviors are acceptable and which are not appropriate.
The assumptions operating within an organization — some of which may never be directly expressed — help direct the daily work of employees. There is a regular and accepted way of doing things, a set of procedures that each employee follows and aligns his or her actions to, even without being reminded daily. There are standards that each employee believes the organization must meet in order to maintain the good reputation it has built over the years. Basic values such as honesty, excellence, and service to clients are frequently emphasized. These are some of the primary ways through which an organization realizes and reinforces the cultures it has established over time (Steen, 2010).
Organizational cultures are widely regarded as a source of competitive advantage, with strong cultures serving as mechanisms of control and as organizing points of reference for many organizations. Management typically ensures that new employees are introduced to the organization's culture through a structured trainee attachment period before a candidate is fully absorbed into the organization. The purpose of this period is to ensure that the prospective employee is effectively introduced to the culture of the organization. One of the criteria used to confirm a trainee as a permanent employee is gauging how thoroughly the individual has understood and internalized the organization's culture. This is one of the key ways in which top leadership influences and sustains organizational culture.
Indoctrinating a new faculty member to align his or her thinking and actions with those of the organization is not a straightforward process and may take considerable time. This is because culture is largely invisible; even though it shapes and directs the ways employees behave, think, react, and act on a daily basis, its distinct characteristics often only become apparent when compared with a different culture. As a leader, one important step is to first understand the culture of the organization from which the new member comes, identify the differences between that culture and the present one, and then thoughtfully introduce the new faculty member to the norms and expectations of the current organization.
"Cultural invisibility complicates new employee integration"
"Assumptions, values, and artifacts form cultural framework"
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