Feeding intolerance has been identified as a significant problem for infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Inquiry has revealed massage therapy as a possible nursing intervention for the problem (Shaeri et al., 2017). Additional knowledge is desired to determine if new research findings present clinically significant evidence for use of the intervention in the NICU patient population. Toward this end, a PICO question has been formulated: does massage application given to infants born at less than 37 weeks gestation reduce feeding intolerance?
Given the increased prominence of theory-based nursing, identifying an applicable nursing framework is important. One model that can be used in addressing the identified problem is Roy’s adaptation model (RAM). Indeed, RAM is one of the most common nursing models. Essentially, the model emphasises patient adaptation to the environment (Saini et al., 2017). As per the model, the nurse focuses on improving the patient’s ability to interact…...

Sr. Callista oy
Sister Callista oy was named after Saint Callistus, a pope and martyr, from the oman calendar on the day of her birth, October 14, 1939 at the Los Angeles Country General Hospital to a big family, which was deeply devoted to God and the service of others (Office of the Nurse Theorist 2002). Her mother was a nurse who lived and taught the values of faith, hope and love to her children, so that at 14, Sister Callista herself worked at a large general hospital as a pantry girl, as a maid and then as a nurse's aid. She entered the convent and became one of the sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondolet for 40 years. During that time, she earned a bachelor's degree, major in Nursing, at Mount St. Mary's College in Los Angeles (Office of the Nurse Theorist). As a young nun and nurse, she worked…...

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REFERENCES

1. Gray, C. (2003). The Roy Adaptation Model. Nurses Network. http://www.nursesnetwork.co.uk/envo/modules.php?

2. Office of the Nurse Theorist. (2002). The Personal Biography and Professional Bio-sketch of Sister Callista Roy. Boston College. http://www2.bc.edu/2royca

3. Shener, H. (2004). Environment as a Phenomenon in Nursing: Reflections from Nurse Theorists. The Nightingale Institute for Health and the Environment.  http://www.nihe.org/enviropn.html 

4. Stein, RW. (2000). A Comparison and Contrast of Nursing Models by Roy and Neuman. Legal Nurse Consulting Services, Inc. http://pages.prodigy.net/bobstein/legalnurse/neuman.htm

Brockton, Massachusetts: Use of the Adaptation Model, Nursing Process and Guidelines for a Comprehensive Community Assessment
This work in writing will utilize the Adaptation Model, nursing process and guidelines to complete a community assessment, analyze gathered data for implications for health care, formulate a nursing diagnosis for the community, and incorporate findings into the nursing process and formulate a care plan for a specific community problem.

According to the Public Health Nursing: Leadership Guide and esource Manual" published by the Massachusetts Association of Public Health Nurses (2005) nurses employed in public health nursing are constantly conducting assessments of the community's needs and resources both those available to the individual and groups. Public health nurses are focused on organization and working with a diverse network in promoting ensuring and strengthening the well-being and health in the community with goals for high standards of health care for the population. Public health is the systematic…...

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References

Challenges and Successes in Addressing the Health Care Needs of Underserved Populations in Southeastern Massachusetts - Needs Assessment Conducted by AHEC: The Area Health Education Center of Massachusetts - A Program of Health Care of Southeastern Massachusetts, Inc. In partnership with JSI Research and Training Institute, Inc. 44 Farnsworth Street, Boston MA Jan 2005. Retrieved from:  http://www.healthimperatives.com/ahec/pdf/needs%20assessment%20AHEC%20of%20SEM.pdf

Nursing Theorist: Sr. oy Adaptation Model
The oy Adaptation model for Nursing had its beginning when Sister Callista oy happened to get admitted in the Masters Program of pediatric nursing in the University of California, Los Angeles, in the year 1964. At that time, Sr. Callista was familiar with the idea of 'adaptation' in nursing, and it must be mentioned that Sr. Callista's adviser at that time was Dorothy E. Johnson, who believed firmly in the need to define nursing as a means of focusing the development of knowledge, for the practice of nursing. When Sr. Callista oy started working with children in the pediatric ward of the hospital, she was quite impressed with the basic resiliency of the small children who had been admitted into the wards for treatment. This was why when the first seminar in pediatric nursing was called for; Sr. Callista oy proposed that the basic goal…...

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REFERENCES

"Callista Roy's Adaptation Model" Retrieved From

Accessed 28 October, 2005http://www.geocities.com/ninquiry2002/callistaroy

'Case Study" Retrieved From

Accessed 28 October, 2005http://www.geocities.com/ninquiry2002/casestudy.html

Nursing
The theory that I propose to work with is Sister Callista oy's Adaptation Theory. This theory was developed by Sister Callista oy in 1970, when she described it in the journal Nursing Outlook.

There are two reasons why this theory might benefit the unit. The first is that if adopted it should improve patient outcomes by providing them with a better environment. The second is that nurses will be providing the patient with the sense of purposefulness that they need to recover. The theory is rooted in the idea that humans are holistic beings who are in constant interaction with their environment. The environment is comprised of three types of stimuli -- focal, contextual and residual. Focal stimuli are the things that immediate confront the human and require the most attention. Contextual stimuli are the rest of the immediate items, which residual stimuli are and added environmental factors present (Vera, 2014).

Health…...

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References

Vera, M. (2014). Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model of Nursing. Nurse Labs. Retrieved May 6, 2016 from  http://nurseslabs.com/sister-callista-roys-adaptation-model/

oy Model
The patient history for Tory is the following: She is a 28-year-old professional in the H division at a managing firm, who suffers from debilitating obsessive-compulsive disorder, which for the past few months has intruded into every sector of her personal and public life, even causing her to miss work. She is also now having suicidal thoughts, which are reoccurring for the past two weeks. She has considered jumping from the window of her apartment, even though she says she would not do it -- she simply imagines herself doing this and therefore fears that she might actually leap if she does not get control of herself. For years her work has been the only comfort in her life and now even that is in danger of being lost. Her background is that she is an only child of parents who divorced when she was 7. Her father…...

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References

Rambo, B. (2004). Adaptive Nursing. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.

Roy, C. (1980) "The Roy Adaptation Model." In Riehl, J. P.; Roy, C. Conceptual Models

for Nursing Practice. Norwalk: Appleton: Century Crofts.

Roy, C. (1997). Future of the Roy Model: Challenge to Redefine Adaptation. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1): 42-48.

Harmon Hotels
The main problem that Harmon Hotels is facing is that of cultural differences. As a corollary of this problem, the organization has no experience as a global company: all its hotels are in the United States and the expansion to France is the first part of a larger expansion project to Europe. As a consequence, the company will face communication and integration problems as it moves to the European market.

There are several additional issues to this core problem, which need to be listed before recommendations are made. First, the European market in general, and the French one in particular, is a pretentious, difficult market. Customers have particular expectations and it will not be enough to replicate the Harmon Hotels business model that works in the United States to the European market. A certain level of customization will be required.

Second, the managers that are moving to France to lead the…...

Malthus Model
Thomas Malthus Model

Thomas Malthus authored the Malthusian growth model or the exponential growth model, one of the earliest and significant theories on population growth. This model is based on a mathematical proposition that population increased by a fixed proportion over any given period of time in the absence of constraints. Therefore, if the population increased from 1000 to 1200 over a certain number of years, then a population of 10,000 will increase to 12,000 during the same period. In other words, population grows at a constant rate every year. He described that the population will check itself and will not grow beyond the subsistence level and the birth rate will be fairly equal to the death rate. This is because when population increased beyond a certain level, the resources required to provide food will not increase and therefore, this will result in famine and starvation that will automatically bring…...

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References

Cyrus Chu, C.Y; Tai, Ching. "Ecosystem resilience, specialized adaptation and population decline: A modern Malthusian theory." Journal of Population Economics. May 2001: 7.

Morton, John; Shaw, Jane; Stroup, Richard. "Overpopulation: Where Malthus Went Wrong?" Social Education. October 1997: 342-46.

As governments look to eradicate deficits, it is often organization that fall under discretionary spending categories that bear the brunt of those cuts. Not only does the productive capacity of these organizations suffer but so, too, does morale. ith declining funding, public sector organizations also often have difficult recruiting top talent into their organizations.
Another issue that arises with public organization decline is that there is a lack of motivation and a lack of innovation. Innovation in particular is a challenge. hen considering Sayre's Model it is not hard to see how excessive bureaucracy can stifle the innovative capabilities of public organizations. Pathak (2007) argues that middle management needs to take a lead role in not only keeping up morale, but encouraging high levels of performance in public organizations as a policy to stem decline.

Cutbacks can be particularly challenging for public organizations. The most important aspect of cutbacks is that…...

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Works Cited:

McCarthy, R. & Aronson, J. (2001). Analyzing the balance between consumer, business and government: The emergent Internet privacy legal framework. IACIS 2001. Retrieved November 19, 2012 from  http://iacis.org/iis/2001/mccarthy275.PDF 

Padhi, N. (2010). The eight elements of TQM. iSixSigma.com. Retrieved November 19, 2012 from  http://www.isixsigma.com/methodology/total-quality-management-tqm/eight-elements-tqm/ 

Pathak, P. (2007). The decline of public sector organizations: Can middle managers play the role of saviour? Indian School of Mines. Retrieved November 19, 2012 from  http://www.ediindia.org/Creed/data/Govind%20Swaroop%20Pathak%20&%20Pallavi%20Pathak.htm 

Sheppard, G. (2009). Public sector reward: More than motivation. Personnel Today. Retrieved November 19, 2012 from  http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/06/07/2009/51319/public-sector-reward-more-than-motivation.htm

It was found that academic exam stress caused significant increases in P and TAI scores, which were related to high levels of serum, significantly more so in males than females, who only had an increase in serum sgp130 when taking birth control drugs. Males were found to have significantly more serum sCD8. The results suggest that psychological stress induces immune-inflammatory changes with complex regulatory responses in IL-6 signaling, decreased anti-inflammatory capacity of serum and interactions with T-cell and monocytic activation. The results of this study also suggest that sex hormones may modify stress-induced immune-inflammatory responses (ong et al. p. 293).
Anxiolytic drugs of the benzodiazepine class and other drugs that affect catecholamine, GABAA, histamine and serotonin receptors, alter the stress response and regulate stress hormone secretion. It has been shown that exposure to hostile conditions induces lowered immune system and cardiovascular responses, as well as neural circuits and neurotransmitter system…...

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Song, C, Kenis, G., van Gastel, a., Bosmans, E., Lin, a., de Jong, R., Neels, H., Scharpe, et al. (1999). Influence of psychological stress on immune-inflammatory variables in normal humans. Part II. Altered serum concentrations of natural anti-inflammatory agents and soluble membrane antigens of monocytes and T. lymphocytes. Psychiatry Research, Vol. 85, 3. Retrieved at  http://www.psy-journal.com/article/PIIS0165178199000128/abstract .

Tait, M. (2007). Music 'enhances ecstasy effects.' Focus. Retrieved at http://www.geocities.com/Omegaman_UK/drugs.html.

Van de Kar, L.D., Blair, M.L. (1999). Forebrain pathways mediating stress-induced hormone secretion. PubMed: A service of the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health. Chicago: Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine.

A context of economic stability strengthens the country's status in the world, increases the value of the national currency and attracts foreign investors. But there should also exist a certain level of flexibility in order to encourage investors to open businesses within the country. Foreign investors need both security but also the promises of adaptability and flexibility, which will help them conduct organizational operations.
Stability should be offered by most industries and sectors, as well as national institutions. Among the sectors which reveal increased importance in offering stability are the financial sector and the banking sector. The financial sector, supervised by the country's central bank, must be stable as to develop and implement fair financial regulations, maintain an appropriate value of the national currency and reduce inflation. The banking sector has to be stable as to offer numerous credit and savings opportunities for entrepreneurs.

eferences

Benito, C.A., Neo-Classical Growth Model, Development Economics…...

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References

Benito, C.A., Neo-Classical Growth Model, Development Economics Sonoma State University, retrieved from www.sonoma.edu/users/b/benito/econ403/units/NeoClassical.ppton February 7, 2008

Elbaum, B., Lazonick, W., 1984, the Decline of the British Economy: An Institutional Perspective, the Journal of Economic History, Volume 44, Number 2

Gourvish, T., 2000, Entrepreneurship in Britain 1870-1914 - Failure or Adaptation, London School of Economics, Retrieved at February 7, 2008http://www.dieboldinstitute.org/paper3b.pdfon

Meade, J.E., 1962, a Neoclassical Theory of Economic Growth, Retrieved at February 7, 2008http://www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/neo-classical-growth-theory.phpon

global strategy ought to be to manage the extensive dissimilarities that come about at the borders of markets. Considering this, Professor Pankaj Ghemawat offers a new strategic framework for taking into account the challenges of globalization. The AAA global framework consists of three effective strategic approaches, which include adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage (IESE, 2007). Adaptation is the approach employed by firms when they try to increase proceeds and market share by taking full advantage of local significance. Aggregation defines the endeavor to convey economies of scale by generating regional or at times international operations. Lastly, arbitrage is when corporations make the most of differences between nationwide or local markets, every so often by finding dissimilar fragments of the supply chain in different places (IESE, 2007). The purpose of this paper is to discuss how McDonald's Corporation have made use of this theory in their quest of their business in…...

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References

deKluyver, C. (2010). Fundamentals of Global Strategy: A Business Model Approach. New York: Expert Press, LLC.

Ghemawat, P. (2007). Managing Differences: The Central Challenge of Global Strategy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 11 January, 2016 from:  https://hbr.org/2007/03/managing-differences-the-central-challenge-of-global-strategy 

IESE. (2007). The AAA Triangle: Managing Differences at Market Borders. Retrieved 11 January, 2016 from:  http://www.iese.edu/Aplicaciones/News/view.asp?id=1084&k= 

Sidhpuria, M. V. (2009). Retail Franchising. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers.

Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students
Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate public education for all handicapped children. In 1990, this act was updated and reformed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which itself was reformed in 1997. At each step, the goal was to make education more equitable and more accessible to those with special educational needs. During the last presidential term, the "No Child Left Behind" Act attempted to assure that individuals with disabilities were increasingly mainstreamed and assured of high educational results. All of these legislative mandates were aimed at insuring that children with disabilities were not defrauded of the public education which has become the birthright of all American children. The latest reforms to IDEA, for example, provided sweeping reforms which not only expanded the classification of special needs…...

A dominant healthcare practice for many Mexican-Americans is the hot and cold theory of food selection, where illness or trauma may require adjustments in the hot and cold balance of foods to restore body equilibrium. In lower socioeconomic groups is a wide-scale deficiency of vitamin a and iron, as well as lactose intolerance.
Mexican-American birth rates are 3.45 per household compared to 2.6 per household among other minority groups (Chapa & Valencia, 1993 as cited in Purnell & Paulanka, 1998). Multiple births are common, particularly in the economically disadvantaged groups. Men see a larger number of children as evidence of their virility. If a woman does not conceive by the age of 24, it may be considered too late. Given their predominant Catholic beliefs, the tendency is only to use acceptable forms of birth control, although many will use other unacceptable forms. Abortion is morally wrong. Family planning is an…...

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References Cited:

Lopez, P. (2003) Mexican-American Health Issues for the 21st Century. Californian Journal of National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (2000) Health Disparities: Bridging the Gap. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Purnell, L, & Paulanka, B. (1998). Transcultural Healthcare. Philadelphia: Davis Company.

Purnell, L. & Paulanka, B. (1998a) Purnell Model for Cultural Competence. in

Nava, G. (director) Quintanilla, a. (executive producer) (1997) Selena. Q Productions.

(1958: 191) (Scott, 2003, p.50) Simon states that a hierarchy of goals is established in which each level is "...considered as an end relative to the levels below it and as a means relative to the levels above it. Through the hierarchical structure of ends, behavior attains integration and consistency, for each member of a set of behavior alternatives is then weighted in terms of a comprehensive scale of values -- the "ultimate" ends. (Simon, 1997: 74) "In addition to simplifying decisions for participants in all these ways, organizations also support participants in the decisions they are expected to make.
WEER'S THEORY of UREAUCRACY

DESCRIPTION of THEORY

Scott (2003) notes that it was observed by Collins (1986) that there is nothing "...known in the field of organizations, perhaps in all sociology, than Weber's model of bureaucracy. It also happens that there is no more complete misunderstanding of a major sociological theory than…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Scott, W. Richard (2003) Organizations; Rational, Natural and Open Systems. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.