Advocacy Campaign Essays (Examples)

This was prepared by a specialist on the subject and would probably cut down incidences of the disease. (Advocacy Group Issues Guides for Diagnosing ADHD) There are some communities who need constant help and one of them is the Latino community and the help from counselors and advocacy is certainly welcome. Victims in the Latino community suffer due to their language barrier and immigration status. (Counseling and eferral Services for the Latino Community)

III. New Framework for Advocacy in Counseling/Counselor Education Programs

A. Identifying injustices or need to improve conditions within profession:

There has been a finding that developmental framework is required for a developmental framework as the foundation for any type of counseling. This has been noted by different experts and they have stated "that career guidance and counseling services would be greatly improved if theory and research could identify those traits and trends of development observed in adolescence...…

References

Advocacy Group Issues Guides for Diagnosing ADHD" (28 May, 1997) Education Week.

Retrieved at  http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/1997/05/28/35add.h16.html?querystring=advocacyAccessed  30 August, 2005

Counseling and Referral Services for the Latino Community" Retrieved at http://www.consejo-wa.org/domesticviolence.htm. Accessed 30 August, 2005

Counselors" (2004) U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved at  http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos067.htm . Accessed 30 August, 2005

Advocacy Human Services

One of the most important components in the field of human services is advocacy, which is also regarded as an essential requirement for code of ethics and accreditation standards for human service-related professions. Given the significance of advocacy, several human service organizations have developed standards to guide advocacy practices in human services and social work. Examples of such organizations include the National Organization for Human Services, the National Association of Social Workers, and the Council for Standards in Human Service Education (Snow, 2013). However, advocacy in human services practice is governed by certain principles and is geared towards accomplishing certain purposes that enhances its effectiveness. The use of these principles and purpose of advocacy is attributable to its impact on social change, especially within the context of social work and practice.

Advocacy is basically defined as an active process that focuses on helping people achieve something they…

References

Fayoyin, A. (2013). Advocacy as a Strategy for Social Change: A Qualitative Analysis of the Perceptions of UN and Non-UN Development Workers. Journal of Social Sciences, 35(2), 181-193.

Snow, K.C. (2013). The Importance of Advocacy and Advocacy Competencies in Human Service Professions. Journal of Human Services, 33(1).

Thackeray, R. & Hunter, M. (2010, July 1). Empowering Youth: Use of Technology in Advocacy to Affect Social Change. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(4), 575-591.

Pennsylvania State University. (2016, April 14). When Social Change Fails. Retrieved from Penn State University website: https://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2016/04/14/when-social-change-fails/

Hydration Advocacy Campaign

Health Advocacy Campaign

Part 1 Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign

Health advocacy programs are mostly tailored to specific groups of people that are in need of special attention. While this approach can be useful, simple approaches are sometimes more effective and can address widespread problems more economically and efficiently. The importance and simplicity of water and its role within our health and well being represents an approach of basic health advocacy and may target many in need of such information. Health advocates must look out for their patients and subscribe to the most important issues of the day that may have a deep and profound impact on healing the individual and the healing processes that can evolve in and throughout the community.

The purpose of this health advocacy development plan is to argue that the issue of hydration, for all people, is one of the most significant…

References

Manz, F., & Wentz, A. (2005). The importance of good hydration for the prevention of chronic diseases. Nutrition reviews, 63(s1), S2-S5.

Schwartz, L. (2002). Is there an advocate in the house? The role of health care professionals in patient advocacy. Journal of medical ethics, 28(1), 37-40.

Shaner-McRae, H., McRae, G., & Jas, V. (2007). Environmentally Safe Health Care Agencies: Nursing's Responsibility, Nightingale's Legacy. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 12(2).

Stahl, A., Kroke, A., Bolzenius, K., & Manz, F. (2007). Relation between hydration status in children and their dietary profile -- results from the DONALD study. European journal of clinical nutrition, 61(12), 1386-1392.

Commuity Advocacy Project: The Impact of Others

It is important in the position of advocacy to give consideration to the community impact and to the impact as an individual and this requires that ethical and legal issues be addressed relating to the advocacy plan. Specifically, the participation on some advocacy campaigns may be in appropriate depending upon the individual's position of employment. The focus of this study is to reflect on the legalities of advocacy work and consider any legal and ethical barriers that the employment setting will have on the ability to implement the advocacy plan and reflect on how one might use special interest groups in the community in the efforts to create public health policy change. As well, this study will consider the potential social change implications of the advocacy efforts.

Non-profits and Lobbying

When employed for non-profit organization considerations of advocacy must include the fact that…

Bibliography

Albarouki, L. (nd) Preventing Tuberculosis Worldwide. Literature Review.

ACT UP. (n.d.). AIDS coalition to unleash power. Retrieved April 27, 2012 from  http://www.actupny.org/ 

American Cancer Society. (2012). Retrieved from  http://www.cancer.org/ 

Blacksher, E. (2008). Carrots and sticks to promote healthy behaviors: A policy update. Hastings Center Report, 38(3), 13 -- 16. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Nurse Advocacy

After sixteen years of working as a nurse, I realized more fully the impact my profession and the people in it have on public health, public safety, social norms related to health, and public policy. This MSN program has effectively prepared me for the next stage of my career as a nurse advocate who actively participates in public policy development and public health initiatives. I have been strongly influenced by issues related to nurse advocacy throughout the course of my career. This program has highlighted areas in which nursing practice can be applied to helping members of my community empower themselves with knowledge, with the resources available to them to improve their health choices, and improve quality of life for all members of my community.

When I started the program, I was a nurse. I was an experienced nurse who was confident with my role in the hospital,…

American Anti-Corruption Act: The Tipping Point for American Citizens

The American Anti-Corruption Act:

A tipping point for American citizens

In the wake of increasing concerns about the undue influence of money and special interest groups in American politics, the anti-corruption advocacy group epresent.Us created a grassroots campaign in support of a law called the American Anti-Corruption Act. The Act is "a nine-point plan to crack down on lobbyists, strengthen the flimsy law intended to prevent super-PACs from coordinating with campaigns, and put a stop to undisclosed donations funneled through dark-money nonprofits" (Aronsen 2013). It should be noted that ironically, "epresent.Us is a project of United epublic, a campaign finance reform group that, like many of the outside spending organizations it takes aim at, is a 501(c)(4)" although it is bipartisan in its composition (Aronsen 2013). Its bipartisan membership includes "former Federal Elections Commission chair (and Stephen Colbert's 'personal lawyer') Trevor…

References

American Anti-Corruption Act. (2014). Official website.

Retrieved from:  http://anticorruptionact.org/ 

Aronsen, G. (2012). New group unveils its plan to get money out of politics. Mother Jones.

Retrieved from:  http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2012/11/represent-us-campaign-finance-reform

Social workers often have commitments to specific policies, laws, or funding of programs that are vital to the population they serve or an issue that they strongly support. Such commitments often lead social workers to become involved in political issues and the campaigns of specific candidates. Being a social worker, such campaign experiences, the outcomes of your efforts, and how effective you felt you were may affect your view of the political process and the likelihood of becoming involved in similar campaigns in the future. Social workers' involvement in political advocacy is usually influenced by the impact of politics on social work practice. Through advocacy and lobbying in the political arena, social workers seek to promote changes in legislation and policy to enhance social conditions and promote social justice towards meeting basic human needs. In essence, social workers' participation in political advocacy is geared towards protecting individuals' rights and enhancing…

One of those alarming physical changes is that the younger a person is when they begin drinking, even at low levels the more likely they are to become alcoholics. This change even overrides a known genetic predisposition for alcoholism. (Butler, July 4, 2006) Time forward ads regarding adult failure could be developed at a later time but again such images and concerns do not seem to sway teens. Funding for such a campaign would likely come from national and local foundations that stress clean living, and possibly from litigation funds that have been secured for healthier youth programs.

Alcohol use may begin simply as an exciting experiment, or as a way for a teen to feel a part of his or her peer group, lowering the feeling of awkwardness that often comes with the territory. Yet teen drinking can become a social disaster, that brings on extreme grief and loss.…

References

"AH shoes the best pillow when your a drunk teen and can't get up!" April, 10 2005  http://www.myspace.com/babyjenaya 

"American Academy of Pediatrics Survey of Teen Alcohol Consumption: Summary Findings,"

American Academy of Pediatrics, September 30, 1998.

 http://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/aapkeyf2.htm

Beyond Separation of Powers

As high school students we all learned about the Constitutional separation of powers. With each of the three branches of government -- the judicial, executive, and legislative -- having the power to limit the power of the others, no one aspect of government could hold the American people hostage. This was the structure that the Framers put into effect to ensure that Americans would have an efficient, but humane, system of government. It was also, from its inception, an idealistic one. Indeed, perhaps too idealistic, for while it is good for democracy to have power divided among many rather than only a few, it is in human nature to want to concentrate power within oneself.

Thus over the over two-and-a-quarter- centuries of our nation's history, people have devised various extra-Constitutional methods for accumulating power. This paper examines three different ways in which individuals and political and…

References

deHaven-Smith, L & Van Horn, C. (2005). Subgovernment conflict in public policy. Policy studies journal 12(4): 627-642.

Frank, T. ( 24 June 2009). Obama and 'regulatory capture'.

/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal

Jones, M. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (2009). Trans-subsystem dynamics: Policy topography, mass opinion, and policy change. The policy studies journal 37(1).

Health Technology Advocacy

The greatly expanded possibilities that are allowed by technology in today's world, has provided a tool for professionals in the health care industry to greatly expand their effectiveness and efficiency. The internet and all the sub-technologies that have spawned from this development are central in any application of modern day communication technology.

Specifically, the use of social media, via smartphone technology can be used to combat the greatest threat to collective health. The extraordinary lack of preventative health measures are at the root cause of the exploding costs and energies dedicated to health care in today's confusing and complex approaches to taking care of both our minds and bodies. While some attention is paid to diet, exercise and hygiene, mental hygiene is often ignored as a preventative measure to good behavior, good choices, which leads to good health.

The constant bombardment of information thorough social media through…

References

Galer-Unti, R. (2010). Advocacy 2.0: Advocating in the digital age. Health Promotion Practice, 11(6), 784 -- 787.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Indeed.com (nd). "Health Policy Advisor." Viewed 7 July 2014. Retrieved from  http://www.arnoldporter.com/jobs.cfm?u=HealthPolicyAdvisor&action=view&id=579 

Rock, M. et al. (2011). A media advocacy intervention linking heath disparities and food insecurity. Health Education Research, 26, 6, June 2011.

In conjunction with these car ads, car insurance companies took advantage of this by advertising their services as well. Car insurance companies that I noticed advertising through billboards were Safeco, Progressive, and All State. Progressive provided a catchy and positive note to its ad by having the slogan, "Happy drivers make good drivers." From what I can recall in the All State ad, it mentioned something about safe driving, again with a catchy phrase: "Safe driving bonus for not driving like a paparazzi." These car insurance ads, particularly for Progressive and All State, tackle issues relevant to motorists, their target market: both chose to discuss driving behavior, using different ad 'treatments.' Progressive addressed reckless/irresponsible driving by focusing on the ideal driving behavior and its positive outcome, that is, drivers must have a happy temperament in order to be a good driver. All State, meanwhile, chose to go the opposite route…

" It should be noted that Perriello supported a "Republican version" (House.gov) of PAYGO that supported stronger restrictions on spending. In defense of this vote, he says, "This was a great chance to really get our budget under control, and I was glad to stand up and vote for the kind of smart fiscal policy that folks in the Fifth District expect" (Perriello qtd. On House.gov). Perriello even posted an update on Twitter, stating that he was "very pleased that PAYGO passed the House" (Twitter.com). Perriello believes that responsible spending is not an issue for Democrats or Republicans but rather an "American issue" (Perriello qtd. On House.gov). Perriello states that while both of these bills contain good ideas, he wishes "we could have combined ideas from both sides of the aisle to produce a better, bi-partisan solution" (Perriello qtd. On House.gov). hile still a freshman in ashington, Perriello has demonstrated…

Works Cited

Gibson, Bob. "Perriello Enters Race for 5th seat; Hopeful Seeks to Bring Faith, Global Experience to D.C." The Daily Progress. Charlottesville, Va.: Oct 7, 2007.

Goldsmith, Will. "Can he go the Distance? Tom Perriello hits Southside in his effort to beat Virgil Goode." Charlottesville News and Arts. <  http://www.c-ville.com/index.php?cat=121304062461064&ShowArticle_ID=11800610083997492 >

Lithwick, Dahlia. "Goode Riddance." Slate Online. 2008.  http://www.slate.com/id/2204124/ 

Mission and Vision.

hile U.S., New Zealand and Denmark have many differences, they are basically capitalist, consumer economies. To combat the corruption inherent in such a system, we need to protect and nurture whistle blowing. Certainly, the more eyes there are on a situation, the more transparent it is, both in government and in business.

The corruption that the recent recession revealed in the U.S. banking system is simply a part of the bigger problem. As the Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell text puts it well, "The ability to recognize and deal with complex business ethics issues has become a significant priority…" (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2009). Enforcement takes human observation to fulfill this priority. There is not enough police to go around. However, the common citizen, armed with legal protections, will provide this.

orks Cited

Anti-corruption. (2006, November 8). Retrieved 11 August 2010 from http://www.um.dk/en/menu/developmentpolicy/anticorruption/

Caslon analytics guide secrecy and accountability. (2008, February).…

Works Cited

Anti-corruption. (2006, November 8). Retrieved 11 August 2010 from  http://www.um.dk/en/menu/developmentpolicy/anticorruption/ 

Caslon analytics guide secrecy and accountability. (2008, February). Retrieved 11

August 2010 from  http://www.caslon.com.au/secrecyguide10.htm 

Coincidental spike? (2010, April 1). The Economist, Retrieved 11 August 2010 from  http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2010/04/heroin_afghanistan

Also noted by Piard is that once a new stadium is constructed the necessity to construct additional parking facilities is dealt with by the community. The city of Auckland Australia conducted an assessment of the costs and benefits associated with building a waterfront stadium and in its reports stated that the projected costs of construction initially stated at $500 million would in the end actually cost $1 billion and that this amount would construct eight high schools and simultaneously Auckland opted out of the stadium construction proposal.

SUMMARY and CONCLUSION

Construction of a new stadium is a serious issue and there are a great many factors that must be taken into consideration and those factors have been noted in this study. Unless there is no stadium existing in the city in which a new stadium is being considered and there is no other option but to build a stadium then…

Bibliography

Marchek, Jason (2004) Minor League Baseball Stadium Construction: A Primer on the Key Issues and Considerations. The Confluence Research Group.

Nesbitt, Jimmy (2008) Two Measures of Stadium Reveal Different Results. Courierpress. 21 July 2008. Online available at  http://www.courierpress.com/news/2008/jul/21/defining-success/ 

The Pros and Cons of Building a New Football Stadium in Winnipeg (2008) the River City Sports Blog 23 Sept 2008. Online available at http://www.rivercitysportsblog.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-building-a-new-football-stadium-in-winnipeg/

Waterfront Stadium Fiasco (nd) Auckland Civic Trust. Online available at  http://civictrustauckland.org.nz/Documents/WaterFrontStadium.pdf

journal Public Health Advocacy asserts that "e need unchained voices to challenge the powers that rule our world" (Avery, et al., 2003). The article goes on to insist that "Advocates have the freedom to agitate for the advancement of agendas," and for the American Public Health Association (APHA), that organization unchained the voices of their members to put pressure on members of Congress to: a) protect public health funding; b) protect the Affordable Care Act; and c) pass comprehensive legislation to reduce gun violence (APHA, 2013). This paper reviews the goals, the objectives, the message, the purpose and the media strategies that APHA used (and will use) as they advocate for public health issues.

The Public Health Action Campaign

The strategy that this campaign used in 2013 was timed to coincide with Congressional recess windows of time. Instead of APHA members going to ashington, D.C., members will buttonhole their senators…

Works Cited

American Public Health Association. (2013). APHA 2013 PHACT Campaign Toolkit.

Retrieved June 27, 2014, from  http://www.apha.org .

Avery, B., and Bashir, S. (2003). The Road to Advocacy -- Searching for the Rainbow.

American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1207-1201.

These "interventions are strategies that target whole communities in order to build public resources and attend to the factors that contribute to child maltreatment" (Holzer et al. 2006 p 3). In NAPCAN's 2006 campaign, the organization was promoting parental education through social marketing. NAPCAN's campaign is directed at individuals in order to bring awareness of how their parenting can negatively impact their children.

SWOT Analysis

Strengths

One of the biggest strengths the campaign boasted was its price tag. The cost effectiveness of social media is a major strength to the overall campaign. Prevention programs are often less likely to be rigorously funded and supported by government agencies and institutions, with most funding coming only for short periods of campaign management (Tomison 1998). As a result, social media serves as an extremely beneficial platform because of its cost effective nature. The cost of the campaign is much less than other forms…

References

Barth, Richard P, 2009. Preventing child abuse and neglect with parent training: Evidence and opportunities. Future of Children, 19(2), 95-119.

Horsfall, Briony, Bromfield, Leah, and McDonald, Myfanwy, 2010. Are social marketing campaigns effective in preventing child abuse and neglect? National Child Protection Clearinghouse Issues, 32(2010), 1-28.

Holzer, Prue J., Higgins, Jenny R., Bromfield, Leah M., Richardson, Nick and Higgins, Daryl, 2006. The effectiveness of parent education and home visiting child maltreatment prevention programs. National Child Abuse Prevention Clearinghouse Issues, 24(Autumn 2006), 1-24.

Kaplan, Andreas M. And Haenlein, Michael, 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(2010), 59-68.

Social equity is a key issue of public administration and forms the basic theme of the 2013 "Social Equity Leadership Conference," in June. This white paper discusses the key goals of the conference based on the conference issue for social equity as global engagement and local responsibility. These are the issue facing social equity among domestic and global public leaders in public and private agencies in the education, immigration, transportation, environmental, policing and corrections sectors. A review of theories on public administration identifies that public leadership networking, collaboration, and cooperation with leaders and agencies is necessary. This is associated with public leadership practices like public policy development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, social equity, and public advocacy.

Introduction

Conference Theme:

Globally Engaged, Locally esponsible: New Challenges for Social Equity

Emerging Issues in Social Equity and Leadership Covered in the Conference:

1. Education

2. Policing and corrections

3. At risk communities, which…

References

Brian, A.E., & Adam, J.N. (2010). Building the reservoir to nowhere: The role of agencies in advocacy coalitions. Policy Studies Journal, 38(4), 653-678.

Buss, T.F. & Morse, R.S. (2008). Innovations in Public Leadership Development. Armonk, New York; M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Candler, G., & Dumont, G. (2010). The price of citizenship: Civic responsibility as the missing dimension of public administration theory. Public Administration Quarterly, 34(2), 169-201.

Cichocki, D., Laberschek, M., & Rusanowska, M. (2011). Analysis of strategy of culture development in krakow 2010-2014 as an example of public policy implementation. Zarzadzanie Publiczne, 13(1), 103-115.

GOP Primary

Republican Primary Video Research, Analysis & Critique

Covering a Period between March 6th and April 3rd, 2012

Researcher/writer will be analyzing the entire TV/video ad campaigns related to both Mitt Romney and Rick Santorum from 03/06/2012 thru 04/03/2012. In the research paper, compare and contrast the overall ad campaigns of each with regard to:

Type of ad: biographical? Issue? Attack?

Sponsor of the ad: candidate, political party, independent advocacy group (including SuperPacs). Any difference in the type of ads run by each?

What demographic group(s), if any, were the ads primarily aimed at and how effective was it at reaching each?

Press coverage of the ads -- "how extensive? helpful or harmful? iased? And if biased, in what direction?

The overall effectiveness of the ads: very? somewhat? not very? Why?

Candidate reaction to the ads -- "smart or not? Why?

NOTE: The paper should be an overview --…

Bibliography and In Text Citations

Page numbers o Paragraphs -- " This means use proper paragraph form. Indent the first line of a paragraph, etc.

Times New Roman Font - 12pt

Double Space with all margins set at 1

Rick Santorum's official campaign put out the next ad, entitled Obama Ville. It was released on March 23, 2012. It creates the image of empty American towns in 2 years, and uses very dark imagery and almost horror-genre like angst. The images of the residents of these towns are cast in dark shadows, and with depressing old infrastructure. This advertisement is painting the picture that in the next 2 years President Obama will destroy the American way of life. The second half of the ad shows the face of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, as that country defies America and seeks Nuclear Power. The end of the advertisement has the image of "Obama Ville, coming to a town near you," in a pseudo 1950s Hitchcock style, and plugs the official website of Rick Santorum.com for more content on this subject (Santorum, Obama Ville, 2012). Despite airing so recently, Mitt Romney…

Works Cited

Chen, H. (2009). AI, E-government, and Politics 2.0. Intellegent Systems, 64-86.

Crawford, K. (2009). Following you: Disciplines of listening in social media. Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 525-535.

Crowe, T. (2012, March 1). Santorum more electable than Romney? Retrieved from Catholic Vote:  http://www.catholicvote.org/discuss/index.php?p=27435 

Gabriel, Trip. (2012). Wisconsin Votes in Primaries." NYTimes. Retrieved from  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/04/us/politics/wisconsin-votes-after - fiercely-fought- battle.html?_r=1&scp=8&sq=primary%20advertisements&st=cse

public health threats, many grassroots organizations and individuals have found writing letters to the editors of their local newspapers to be an effective means of raising public awareness concerning these threats (White & Olson, 2010). A sample letter to the editor of the Philadelphia Inquirer concerning the alarming prevalence of childhood obesity in the Philadelphia community in general and inner-city communities in particular is provided below.

Dear Editor,

Public school students in Philadelphia need healthier choices in school cafeterias. As many people in Philadelphia already know, the prevalence of childhood obesity in our community is at near-epidemic levels. Nationwide, the increase in the number of overweight and obese American school-aged children has been staggering (McDuffie & George, 2009). In fact, in 2004, fully 16% of all young Americans were overweight and another 34% were at high risk of becoming overweight and these rates were far higher and increasing faster for…

References

Hogan, C.L. (2011, March 21). Michelle Obama stresses economic impact of childhood obesity. Nation's Cities Weekly, 34(11), 1-5.

McDuffie, T.E. & George, R.J. (2009, Spring). School day eating habits of inner-city, African

American adolescents. The Journal of Negro Education, 78(2), 114-119.

White, P. & Olsan, T. (2010, May). Legislative: Searching for health policy information on the Internet: An essential advocacy skill. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 15(2), 11-14.

This is troubling because these entities are using the court system to circumvent the law. At which point, it is only a matter of time until another showdown will emerge. This is similar to the disastrous decision that Supreme Court made with the Dredd Scott case. Therefore, over the short to the medium term the influence of special interests in Washington will become more perverse. Over the long-term, this could spark such an outrage that regardless of what the Supreme Court says; these organizations do not have the same rights as an individual.

ibliography

Dredd Scott v. Sandford. (2010). Retrieved April 20, 2010 from Oyez website: http://www.oyez.org/cases/1851-1900/1856/1856_0/

Gill, K. (2010). McCain Feingold Campaign Finance Reform. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from About.com website: http://uspolitics.about.com/od/finance/a/mccain_feingold.htm

Liptak, A. (2010, January 21). Justices Reject Corporate Spending Limits. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from NY Times website: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/us/politics/22scotus.html

Millbank, D. (2002, January 18). Enron's Influence Reaches…

Bibliography

Dredd Scott v. Sandford. (2010). Retrieved April 20, 2010 from Oyez website:  http://www.oyez.org/cases/1851-1900/1856/1856_0/ 

Gill, K. (2010). McCain Feingold Campaign Finance Reform. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from About.com website:  http://uspolitics.about.com/od/finance/a/mccain_feingold.htm 

Liptak, A. (2010, January 21). Justices Reject Corporate Spending Limits. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from NY Times website:  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/us/politics/22scotus.html 

Millbank, D. (2002, January 18). Enron's Influence Reaches Deep into the Administration. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from Washington Post website:  http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0118-01.htm

Is it ethical to encourage Hindus to eat beef-containing McDonald's products, even if the consumer is free to choose to do so? Is it ethical to alter the healthy French relationship to food, to sell quickly consumed 'food on the go' burgers in that nation? Or to market beauty products in Asia that stress the loveliness of the wider estern eye-shape that Asian women cannot attain, without plastic surgery? If the marketing campaign is fully effective, the culture of the nation will be changed, even though stockholders may profit.

Any business boss can make a strong case for the view that agonizing over the impact of one's business decisions on the health of a competitor weakens your effectiveness," scoffs one industry analyst. (Parry, 2003) but while behaving unethically in the short run may reap rich marketing rewards, one could counter that a culturally exploitative and damaging campaign could generate such…

Works Cited

Boyd, Stephen. (Feb 2005) "Word of Mouth -- Marketing Code of Ethics." (Parry, 2004) Get Real. Retrieved 26 Mar 2005 at http://www.corante.com/getreal/archives/2005/02/09/word_of_mouth_marketing_code_of_ethics.php

Parry, Mike. (2004) "Moral Philosophy and Business." Philosophos. Retrieved 26 Mar 2005 at  http://www.philosophos.com/philosophy_article_45.html 

Sriniva, Tulasi. (3 April 2004) "When food defines culture: The gastronomic landscape that we inhabit is shifting." Deccan Herald. Retrieved 26 Mar 2005 at  http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr302004/liv3.asp

Employee's Rights to Health and Safety in the Workplace

The objective of this study is to analyze the rights of employees to health and safety in the workplace in regards to the scenario as follows:

DoRight has recently been hired as the President of the "Universal Human Care Hospital," where he oversees all departments with over 5,000 employees and over 20,000 patients at the medical facility. He has been provided with a broad set of duties and oversight of numerous departments, including business development, customer services, human resources, legal, patient advocacy, to name a few. He has managers in each department that he supervises and who work with him to address the needs of the various internal and external stakeholders of the hospital. Dr. DoRight discovers that some patients within the hospital have been dying as a result of a variety of illegal procedures by doctors and nurses, and negligent…

Bibliography

Grush, Rick (nd) Introduction to some basic ethical orientations. Biomedical Ethics Readings. Retrieved from:  http://mind.ucsd.edu/syllabi/03-04/1-Summer/readings/biomed-readings.pdf 

Mossman, Douglas (2012) Physician Impairment: When Should You Report? Malpractice RX. Retrieved from: http://www.currentpsychiatry.com/pdf/1009/1009CP_Malpractice.pdf

Rabinowitz, Phil (2012) Identifying and Analyzing Stakeholders and Their Interests. Community Toolbox. Retrieved from:  http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/chapter7_section8_main.aspx 

Alpers, Ann (2001) Key Legal Principles for Hospitalists. Retrieved from:  http://hospitalmedicine.ucsf.edu/improve/literature/discharge_committee_literature/handoff_communication_and_discharge/key_legal_principles_for_hospitalists_alpers_am_j_med.pdf

Vermont's Junior Senator, Bernard Sanders introduced to the Senate the Stop Outsourcing Security Act S. 2398. The Stop Outsourcing Security Act will help solve the lack of oversight of contractors in Iraq by requiring that by June 2008, "the President shall submit to each specified congressional committee a report on the status of planning for the transition away from the use of private contractors for mission critical or emergency essential functions by January 1, 2009, in all conflict zones in which Congress has authorized the use of force" (s 2398). This bill will examine contractor activities and ensure that renewals will only happen if the president certifies that contractors have undergone background checks and are clear of any crimes that could lead to additional problems with their work in the future. It will also allow congress to have access to information of private military companies including, the number of persons…

Works Cited

Addicott, Jeffrey F. "Contractors on the "Battlefield": Providing Adequate Protection, Anti-Terrorism Training, and Personnel Recovery for Civilian Contractors Accompanying the Military in Combat and Contingency Operations." Houston Journal of International Law 28.2 (2006): 323. Questia. 16 July 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5015737160 .

Broder, John M. "Report critical of guard firm; Blackwater sought to cover up Iraq shootings, study finds." 3 October 2007: 4. Lexis Nexis 13 June 2008.  http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T3963560559&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T3963560562&cisb=22_T3963560561&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8357&docNo=5 

Greenwald, Robert "Iraq for Sale" (Documentary Film) 2005 Information Website: http://iraqforsale.org/

Krugman, Paul. "Hired Gun Fetish." The New York Times. A29. 28 September 2007. Proquest. 5 July 2008.  http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1343375061&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1215612063&clientId=27893

rime rates do not drop with restrictions on gun control because crimes have been shown to be intent driven rather than means driven. Which simply means that those who are interested in committing crimes will usually do so given any access or restrictions standards? It is evident from this analysis that guns have little impact upon crime rates. However, gun control advocacies use misinformation to present a dangerous position to the public.

Another important factor in media manipulation is the use of specific misinformation to influence public opinion to support severity within gun legislation. Popular gun control advocacies use strong statistics to influence the public into perceiving that gun control is not only needed, but that gun violence is an escalating crime that needs to provide greater security mandates. Oftentimes they use deceiving statistics as a means to manipulate public opinion on the prevalence of firearms. For instance, the Brady…

Counting Guns, Randolph Roth. Social Science History 26:4 winter 2002

Would Banning Firearms reduce Murder and Suicide? A Review of international evidence, Gary a. Mauser & Don B. Kates. Bepress Legal Series 2006 paper 1564

Shooting down the more guns, less crime hypothesis, John J. Donohue & Ian Ayres. Center for the study of law and society Jurisprudence and social policy program. 2003 paper 5

To empower the project to not let these students down, the team has reached out to Webb County employers through a cooperative agreement with local workforce providers. This ensures a reliable and continual source for employment, through the professional monitoring of open and available jobs in the area. For those students who wish to continue pursuing their education, the team has also reached out to Ladero Community College to create a strategic relationship which would help students gain access to further schooling. By creating these relationships ahead of time, the team allows for much smoother transition of students after the project into real professional and academic life.

Part of ensuring the success of this project, and a major advocacy resource, is that of ensuring the projects success. This can be done by giving a voice to those who stem to benefit from the goal of the project itself -- the…

Curtis LeMay:

Using Hersey-lanchard leadership theory to analyze LeMay's strengths and weaknesses as a leader

Situational leadership theory and LeMay

The Japanese campaign

The Cold War

Vietnam

Contrasting military and civilian leadership

How first, personal successes influence leadership

Four-star General Curtis LeMay is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the modern U.S. Air Force. LeMay's philosophy can be summed up as follows: it is more advantageous and ultimately more compassionate to use massive levels of force against the enemy. This results in a quicker victory and ultimately preserves more civilian lives. However, LeMay's legacy as a military leader is complex. On one hand, he is credited with speeding the end of World War II, thanks to his superior leadership style, tactical ability and boldness. However, as a political leader and advocate of U.S. interests, his legacy is mixed. "When he retired in 1965, LeMay was widely…

Bibliography

Blanchard, Ken. "Situational leadership II: The article."

 http://wed.siu.edu/faculty/BPutnam/566/Situational_Leadership_Article.pdf  (accessed 7 Sept 2013)

Coffey, Thomas M. Iron Eagle: The Turbulent Life of General Curtis LeMay. New York: Crown

Publishers, 1986

Media and Health Policy Processes

There is no doubt that politics plays a crucial role in healthcare legislation and reforms in the United States. After all, the U.S. Congress passes laws, and so automatically any proposed legislation is passes or fails due to how political representatives act on the law. Professor Thomas Oliver (John Hopkins University) makes that point abundantly clear in his scholarly article. This paper references Oliver's article and a peer-reviewed piece in the journal Economics, Management, and Financial Markets (Boubacar, 2006).

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

It should be noted that when Barack Obama ran for election among his major points was the need to reform healthcare policies in America -- and the need to create new laws and policies. He was elected by a wide margin and he set out to develop legislation that could bring meaningful reform and could provide insurance for an…

Works Cited

Boubacar, I, and Foster, S. (2014). Analysis of Small Business Owners' Perception of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Evidence from Wisconsin Farmers.

Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 9(1), 11-20.

CNN. (2009). Obama calls for health-care reform in 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2014, from  http://www.brandnewz.com .

O'Keefe, E. (2014). The House has voted 54 times in 4 years on Obamacare. Here's the full list. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2014, from  http://www.washingtonpost.com .

Meanwhile in the journal Du Bois Review (Parker, et al., 2009, p. 194) the authors point to racism and patriotism as key themes for the 2008 Democratic primary election. "Race was a consistent narrative" used by those opposed to Obama, Parker explains (p. 194). Both Clinton and the Republicans "used racial references" to attack Obama, including the attacks on Obama "for his perceived inability to connect to 'real working Americans'" (p. 194).

The Republican sideshow called "Joe the plumber" attacked Obama with the charge that Obama was "seeking to take money from hardworking 'real Americans' to give it to 'those people'" (p. 194). Clinton questioned Obama's patriotism suggesting that he was not a "real" American. Parker notes that when Governor Dukakis ran for president as a Democrat, he was attacked but no one questioned whether he was "a real American as they did with Obama" (p. 195).

The authors present…

Works Cited

Alter, Jonathan. "Leading Democrats to Bill Clinton: Pipe Down." Newsweek. (2008).

Retrieved March 17, 2010, from http://www.newsweek.com.

Balz, Dan, and Johnson, Hanes. The Battle for American 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary

Election. New York: Viking, 2009.

Professional Association

Professional Organization for Nursing

In the past, a number of individuals inside every society started delivering care and nutrition for all those who had been struggling to look after themselves. Because these people became 'care specialists,' they started to express to other individuals the procedures that helped them and also to train other individuals as apprentices who would probably at some point continue their function. The advancement of contemporary nursing starting from some sort of vocation, towards the profession and discipline of nursing, started during the later part of the 1800s when Florence Nightingale stated her perspectives on the way nurses ought to be taught and schooled and just how patient care ought to be offered (Hegge, 2011).

The very first schooling institution for nurses within the U.S. established during 1873. Two decades afterwards nursing school managers sensed the moment had arrived to interact as well as discuss…

References

American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice, (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: Nursesbooks.org.

American Nurses Association. (2009). Historical review of nursing and the ANA. Retrieved from www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/AboutANA/History.

Bureau of Health Professions. (2011). The registered nurse population: Findings from the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Retrieved from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/rnsurvey2008.html.

Fowler, M. D .M. (Ed). (2008). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses: Interpretation and application. Silver Spring, MD: Nursesbooks.org.

Therefore, it is important that they understand the influence of violence on their behavior.

The most important objectives of this campaign are represented by:

Increasing awareness on this issue

Improving the activity of authorities in such situations

Changing violent behaviors

The resources that the campaign is based on are represented by supporters, reputation from other campaigns, and the help of authorities. It is important that the campaign benefits from an increased number of supports. This is because they can help promote the campaign and its objectives. The reputation from other campaigns is intended to attract a higher number of sponsors. The success of this campaign relies on the relationship between the ed Cross and the authorities in these countries.

The targets of this campaign are represented by:

Authorities

People that observe violent behavior in others

People that practice such violent behaviors

There are several messages addressed by the campaign. The…

Reference list:

1. Annual Report (2010). ICRC. Retrieved March 9, 2012.

2. Kimbarovsky, R. (2009). 10 Small Business Social Media Marketing Tips. Retrieved March 9, 2012 from  http://mashable.com/2009/10/28/small-business-marketing/ .

3. Guion, M. (2008). Internet Usage Gaps in Developing Countries: Challenges and Solutions. InfoTech. Retrieved March 9, 2012 from  http://it.tmcnet.com/topics/it/articles/36595-internet-usage-gaps-developing-countries-challenges-solutions.htm .

data collection includes survey form, structured interviews using closed ended questions, and gathering information regarding a sample size appropriate to analyze and draw conclusion on the basis of the research results. The statistical techniques are used for data analysis to analyze collected data in quantitative research methods. The qualitative data is gathered through case study method and open ended question of an unstructured interview from notable sample. The qualitative methods of research are also equally popular in understating the ignored aspects of a topic. The research question discussed below is addressed on the basis of qualitative and quantitates research methodology.

Question 1:

What is the role of social media in affecting law enforcement?

The usage of internet has increased over the past years. Internet technology has encouraged a revolutionary change. Starting form the desktop computers, laptops, handheld computers, to a variety of internet enabled cell phones has created a huge…

References:

Clarke, B. (2012). Deconstructing the rioters: a case study of individuals convicted and sentenced in Greater Manchester. Safer communities, 11(1), 33-39.

Denef, S., Bayerl, P.S., & Kaptein, N. (2013). Social Media and the Police -- Tweeting Practices of British Police Forces during the August 2011 Riots.

Frank, R., Cheng, C., & Pun, V. (2011). Social Media Sites-New Fora for Criminal, Communication, and Investigation Opportunities. Public Safety Canada.

Fresenko, V.L. (2010). Social media integration into state-operated fusion centers and local law enforcement potential uses and challenges (Doctoral dissertation, Monterey, California Naval Postgraduate School).

Policy Change

Anti-Bullying as a Policy Change

Students have been bullied while at school since the beginnings of education. Originally they might have been bullied by the people who taught them, but much of that does not continue into the present say. However, students bullying other students does continue. Every child needs an advocate at their school whose function it is to make sure that they are not being bullied. Many times this happens informally when a school does not have a bullying program, but it can also happen formally. The need for advocacy programs within schools, both primary and secondary, that allow children to feel that they are safe from the time that they leave their homes until they arrive back at home in the afternoon is elemental. Because of the backlash that has happened at some schools due to being bullied, it is more vital than ever. Students…

References

Aluede, O., Adeleke, F., Omoike, D., & Afen-Akpaida, J. (2008). A review of the extent, nature characteristics and effects of bullying behavior in schools. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(2), 151-163.

Buck, L., & Willer, B. (2008). Advocacy for young children. In S. Feeney, A Galper, and C. Seefeldt Eds. Continuing issues in early childhood education (pp. 391-405). Toronto: Pearson Education Canada.

Hirschstein, M.K., Edstrom, L.V.S., Frey, K.S., Snell, J.L., & Mackenzie, E.P. (2007). Walking the talk in bullying prevention: Teacher implementation variables related to initial impact of the steps to respect program. School Psychology Review, 36(1), 3-21.

Jacobsen, K.E., & Bauman, S. (2007). Bullying in schools: School counselors' responses to three types of bullying incidents. Professional School Counseling, 11(1), 1-8.

Marketing Channels and Methods -- the New Svelte Shape of McDonald's

Objectives & Mission Statement

Although McDonald's latest advertising slogan, as proclaimed on its 2005 website, is "I'm lovin' it," (McDonald's Official ebsite, 2005), shareholders in the fast food company have not be equally enamored of its current stock performance and plummeting sales. (The Rogue Investor, 2005) Thus, the objectives of the new McDonald's marketing campaign must be to undo some of the economic and public relations damage done to the company by the negative press generated by the success of Morgan Spurlock's film 'Supersize Me.' Over the course of the year, McDonald's wishes to gain a greater percentage of the revenue of the current fast food market than its most prominent burger-oriented competitors endy's and Burger King. McDonald's also wishes to gain some of the type of positive media as generated by the sandwich chain Subway. The Subway Diet…

Works Cited

Bauman, Valerie. (11 Aug 2005) "People try to lose weight at McDonalds." AP Wire. Accessed on AOL on 22 Aug 2005 at  http://aolsvc.news.aol.com/news/article.adp?id=20050811163009990002 

Burger King. (2005) Official Website. Retrieved 11 Sept 2005 at  http://www.haveityourway.com/ 

Collins, Luke. (2002) "Chips are down for Burger Giants" MCD: McDonald's Corporation News and Articles. Retrieved 27 Aug 2005 at  http://www.licenseenews.com/news/news134.html 

Daft, R.L. (1997). Management. Fort Worth, TX: Dryden Press.

omen's Suffrage in the UK

Harold Smith emphasizes that the origins of the women's suffrage campaign in Victorian England stemmed from a larger campaign for reform concerning the franchise in general. Smith is, in fact, careful to note at the very beginning of his study that there has been a recent historiographical shift, which emphasizes the "specifically women's protest against a gender system" by adding some distance between women's suffrage and the different (but related) campaigns for electoral reform in the U.K. In the earlier nineteenth century (Smith 7). In the first three decades of the nineteenth century, for example, British qualifications to vote were determined not only by gender (males only) but also by property ownership and monetary worth, meaning that effectively speaking only 3% of the adult male population could vote. (There were also additional difficulties in this period related to religious qualifications for electoral office: until 1829,…

Works Cited

Smith, Harold. The British Women's Suffrage Campaign, 1866-1928. Second edition. New York: Pearson, 2007. Print.

Corporate Social Action of McDonald's and the Problem of Obesity

Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper proposes a corporate social action to McDonald's to address the issue of obesity among general consumers which is caused by high-calorie and spicy fast foods. The paper starts by highlight some research studies which explain how fast foods cause obesity among children and adults, and proceeds by discussing why McDonald's should take an initiative to remove this criticism by the local and international community. The paper also highlights the strategies to implement this action plan, the intended outcomes and affected stakeholders, the constituent parts of the plan, and unintended consequences or weaknesses of this initiative by the company.

The Social Problem:

Obesity is one of the major issues in health care. It gives rise to various heart diseases, diabetes, and other health related consequences (orld Heart Federation). A number of research studies have been conducted…

Works Cited

Benloulou, Jonathan. "Pelman v. McDonald's: An In-depth Case Study of a Fast Food -- Obesity Lawsuit," 2005. Print.

Environmental Action, "Marching against McDonalds," ProQuest Central, 1993: 25 (3). p-10.

Lu-sted, Marcia, Amidon. Obesity & food policing, 1st Edition. Edina, Minn.: ABDO Pub. Co., 2008. Print.

McBride, Sarah. "Currents: Exiling the Happy Meal; Los Angeles Lawmakers Want to Escalate the War on Obesity (and Fast Food)." Wall Street Journal, 22nd July, 2008: A.14. ProQuest. Web. May 11th, 2013.

Club / Amazon.com

Finding the Book of the Month Club at the URL given for this assignment was not possible. For some reason, accessing www.bookofthemonthclub.com, leads to something called BuyDomains.com. Indeed, BuyDomains.com appears to be attempting to sell the site visitor the URL to Book of the Month Club - "Domains for sale," yells the header. Is this some kind of Internet skullduggery? However, by going to Yahoo! And searching for Book of the Month Club, one discovers that the URL is www.bomc.com.And meantime, as to which company (amazon.com or bomc.com) has the better site and marketing mix - it seems very clear that Amazon.com is far out in front in the sheer volume of offerings for the Web consumer. If shoppers just want books or movies, then bomc.com is an easy site to navigate. But when looking for clothing, electronics, toys, software, and the kitchen sink, amazon.com is the…

S. Census Bureau) It is clear after having reviewed this information that this area is quite needy in provision of alcoholism treatment and intervention.

VI. Treatment Program Community Marketing Process

In the initiative of reaching the community both through media and public relations as tools to raise awareness the organization will be enabled to alert members of the community about the services available. Promotions, marketing, public relations and media advocacy are all critical specifically as these are all integrated with the business sector and as well adapted by nonprofit organizations. In the attempt to market or advertise to the community the available services all venues of the media should be sought and the mass media in the form of newspaper and magazines and other printed material as well as media through television and radio broadcast communications and finally through the Internet's provision of electronic media. Communication with the media should…

References

Ervin, N.E. (2002). Advanced community health nursing practice: Population-focused care. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. ISBN# 0-8053-7364-0.

Bensley, R.J., & Brookins-Fisher, J. (EDs). (2003). Community health education method: a practitioners guide. (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN# 0-7637-1801-7

Andreasen, A.R. (1995). Marketing social change: Changing behavior to promote health, social development, and the environment. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass. ISBN# 0-7879-0137-7

Medicaid EPSDT and AOD Treatment Services Policy Brief entitled Resources for Recovery: State Practices that Expand Treatment Opportunities" Medicaid EPSDT and AOD Treatment Services" (O'Brien, et al., 2005) National Program Office, Technical Assistance Collaborative, Inc. Online located at: www.resourcesforrecovery.org

Nurse Patient atios and Quality of Care

This study reviews the broad level of issues that surround the nurse/patient ratio: a critical shortage of trained and experienced nurses; increased political and fiscal demands from all sectors of society; rising costs internally and externally combined with a rising number of under-insured; and the conundrum of nursing ethics and the ability to foster excellence in care and patient advocacy. We note that there remains an issue about hiring more nurses -- where will these nurses come from if the nursing schools do not increase their recruitment efforts and broaden their curriculum. In addition, we note that the large majority of patients and stakeholders primarily want two things when admitted to a healthcare facility: better paid nurses and more highly-trained professionals who are satisfied with their vocation.

Introduction

Modern nursing is, by necessity, a mixture of complex balance: patient care vs. staffing; procedures…

REFERENCES

More Nurses Make the Difference. (February 2012). The Lamp. 69 (1): Retrieved from: http://search.informit.com/au/documentSummary;dn=045435426132502;res=IELHEA

Safe Nurse Staffing: Looking Beyond the Numbers. (2009). Vantage Point, CNA. Retrieved from: https://www.nso.com/pdfs/db/newsletters/Safe_Nurse_Staffing_-_Looking_Beyond_the_Raw_Numbers_20094.pdf?fileName=Safe_Nurse_Staffing_ -_Looking_Beyond_the_Raw_Numbers_2009-pdf&folder=pdfs/db/newsletters

Aiken, L. (2001). The Hospital Nurse Workforce: Problems and Prospects."Draft

For the Council on the Economic Impact of Health System Change. Retrieved from: http://council.brandeis.edu/pubs/hospstruct  / Council-Dec-14-2001-Aiken-paper.pdf

United States is in the middle of a war on drugs, and has been for several decades. Yet, many believe that we are losing this war, often because of the impractical approach legislation has taken in response to curb growing rates of addiction in the United States; however, drug addiction continues to be a major social problem in the United States. esearch shows that there is a direct correlation between increased incidences of domestic violence and use of drugs. This makes it incredibly imperative for local advocacy groups and law enforcement to find viable solutions to the growing drug problem surrounding the use of illegal substances in The United States.

The United States is in the middle of a war on drugs, and has been for several decades. Yet, many believe that we are losing this war, often because of the impractical approach legislation has taken in response to curb…

References

Babbie, E. (2007). The practice of social research. CA: Wadsworth. Smith, M.J. (1988). Contemporary Communication Research Methods. CA: Wadsworth.

Dealing With Drug Abuse -- Summary and Recommendations. 2012. Dealing With Drug Abuse - Summary and Recommendations. [ONLINE] Available at:

 http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/dwda/dwdsum.htm . [Accessed 28 April 2012].

FBI -- A Model for Success in the Drug War. 2012. FBI -- A Model for Success in the Drug War.

Evolution of Field Artillery

Field artillery, and its uses have evolved dramatically over the years, to produce different outcome and concerns, associated with warfare and its challenges. Field artillery has taken many twists and turns in a progressive direction toward the high technology and computerized resources available today to a modern army in a developed nation. Not to say that strategy does not play a significant role in the process of combat, it does, yet technology is often the determining factor for whether the winning strategy will prevail. There have been significant moments in time when changes in the technology of field artillery were the greatest and this can be said of the period between 1815 and 1918, yet the most significant changes were implemented during the end years of those dates.

During the last four decades of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth century,…

Bibliography

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9175413 

Dastrup, Boyd L. The Field Artillery: History and Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28495525 

Gudmundsson, Bruce I. On Artillery. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1993.

BBC History- Battle of Verdun: 21 February 1916 - July 1916 (February, 28, 2002

Politics

Six Questions & Discussion on American Politics

Constitutional Convention

During the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, two primary plans were forwarded that shaped the development and discussion at the convention that would forever impact the shape of American politics. The first plan, the Virginia Plan, introduced by Governor Randolph, was an effort to simply revise the existing Articles of Confederation. It was characterized by three major points: the structural exclusion of states from elections and representation at the national level, reductions of powers to individual states, and the abandonment of the some national features of republicanism like institutional separation of powers. The Virginia Plan was countered by two alternative plans, and a division at the Convention: the New Jersey Plan that believed the Virginia Plan went too far in affording power to the national government, and the Hamilton Plan that argued the Virginia Plan didn't go far enough (Lloyd).…

Works Cited

Burner, David and Rosenfield, Ross. "Polling." Dictionary of American History. 2003. 15 Dec. 2009 .

"Evolution of American Political Parties from the Revolution to the Reconstruction." 2003. 15 Dec. 2009 .

Follesdal, Andreas. "Federalism." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2006. 15 Dec. 2009 .

Green, John, Smidt, Corwin, Guth, James, and Kellstedt, Lyman. "The American Religious Landscape and the 2004 Presidential Vote: Increased Polarization." 15 Dec. 2009 .

1st Amendment Issues

A highly controversial decision rendered on January 21st of this year by the Supreme Court, affirming the right of corporations and other organizations to enjoy consideration as "persons" and the 1st amendment protections afforded by that status, threatens to undermine the foundation of this country's democratic process. With their closely contested 5-4 decision in the case of Citizens United v. FEC, the high court's conservative members have effectively shattered existing precedent regarding the ability of corporations to channel shareholder funds to political campaigns. In their effort to protect the duly granted right of individuals to contribute money as a form of political speech and expression, the justices in the majority have effectively opened a Pandora's box of unintended consequences. By extending the rights held by individual citizens of this nation to corporate conglomerates and multinational entities, the Roberts court has redefined the menace of judicial activism once…

Moreover, the lack of support from the American public brings to fore an issue raised by Grover (3) with the deployment of U.S. military personnel in various parts of the world. As many of these deployments have "the potential for violent conflict," this calls for "the need to respond quickly and decisively," which is hinged on the "unambiguous support of the American people." There is no other U.S. president who has been demonized because of his war policy as former President George W. Bush.

With this underlying weakness in America's psyche in engaging in war, no amount of hardware and war machinery can beat the will to emerge victorious of no matter how small an army. Despite all the superiority of the U.S. war machine, the nation's -- both its citizens and its leadership -- weakness is all the more exposed, which makes it impossible to decisively support and bring…

References

Anderson, Fred and Andrew Cayton. The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500-2000. New York: Penguin Books, 2005.

Grover, John R. Crossroads in U.S. Military Capability: The 21st Century U.S. Army and the Abrams Doctrine. The Land Warfare Papers Number 37. Arlington, Virginia: The Institute of Land Warfare Association of the U.S. Army, August 2001.

Palmer, Richard. "Iraq Sides with Iran: As the U.S. Leaves, Iran Steps In." The Philadelphia Trumpet. March 2009: 11.

Scarborough, Rowan. "Gates Clips Air Force Wings." Human Events. April 16, 2009. April 19, 2009 .

According to Paddock, "The American Psychological Association (APA suggests that the proliferation of sexual images of girls and young women in the media is harming their self-image and development." The APA found that these images often arrest healthy development in a variety of areas, including self-esteem, which can cause a woman to display anxiety and shame. The article specifically mentions Christina's advertisements as examples of a negative portrayal of women (Paddock). Thus, the images portray women incorrectly in two ways. First of all, they portray women in a style of beauty that is not common, encouraging these women to believe that the advertised type of beauty is the only type of beauty. In response, some young girls are liable to have low self-esteem, in addition to spending a great amount of money on beauty products that they don't need. In short, the advertisements suggest that only one type of beauty…

Works Cited

Beauty and Body Image in the Media." 2008. Media Awareness Network. 20 October 2008. Media Awareness Network.  http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm 

Kid, Shibuya. "More Sizzling Christina Aguilera Ads on the Way! Sketchers Campaign

Shows Off Sexed-Up Xtina." 30 July 2004. AIR Massive. 20 October 2008. Air

Massive. http://www.airmassive.com/amblog_073004_1.html

IOM Future Nursing eport

a) Discuss the work of the Committee of the obert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine, that led to the IOM report, "Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health."

The obert Wood Johnson Foundation (WJF) in partnership with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are responsible for the "Initiative on the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action" report. The report by the Institute of Medicine, "Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health," examines the entire nursing workforce. In the report, recommendations on crucial intersection between diversity in health needs of the changing population of patients and the nursing workforce actions are discussed. The recommendations are designed to bring about improvements in the healthcare sector (Ivanov & Blue, 2007). This would further produce an improvement in the health of populations in the U.S. through the improved competence of nurses. The…

References

Ivanov, L.L., & Blue, C.L. (2007). Public health nursing: Leadership, policy, & practice.

Australia: Delmar Cengage Delmar.

Lane, S.H., & Kohlenberg, E. (2010). The Future of Baccalaureate Degrees for Nurses. Nursing Forum, 45(4), 218-227. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2010.00194.x

Polifko, K.A. (2010). The practice environment of nursing: Issues & trends. Clifton Park, NY:

They also focus more on institutional support, like the need for appropriate funding for such educational programs, rather than psychological issues attacked to assimilation. Changing demographics in recent years in Canada have forced adult education programs to meet the challenge of doing more with fewer resources, as they fight, for more funding for programs designed to orient immigrants in the language and culture of the area. "As new citizens to Canada, they need educational programs to help them navigate the complex paths that citizenship entails and to upgrade their language, knowledge and skills to fully participate in Canadian society."

Unlike Ferrigno's article on education that accepts community criticism and a critique of society as a whole, Guo and Sork's see "adult education as an agency of social progress" in moving students forward into better economic opportunities. Adult education is "an important forum for building inclusive citizenship" more so than changing…

The CBA is good for a set period of time, and the union watches the employer to make sure the employer carries out the contract. If a union thinks an employer has violated the CBA, the union can file a complaint, which may be in the end resolved through a process known as arbitration. Union members pay dues that are used to cover the union's costs. Most union's employee full-time staff that is responsible for running its operations. Even though the staff is paid by union dues, members occasionally volunteer within the union. Some unions also form strikes funds that are used to support workers in the event of a strike. A union works rather like a democracy. Unions hold elections in order to determine officers who will then make decisions and represent the members of the union (Silverman, 2010).

The United Auto Workers has recently organized several auto parts…

References

Reynolds, Morgan O. (2008). Labor Unions. Retrieved May 13, 2010, from Library of Economics and Liberty, Web site:  http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/LaborUnions.html 

Silverman, Jacob. (2010). How Labor Unions Work. Retrieved May 14, 2010, from How Stuff

Works Web site:  http://money.howstuffworks.com/labor-union5.htm 

Splintered, but Unbowed, Are Unions Still Relevant? (2005). Retrieved May 13, 2010, from NY

ut help is on the way. A elgian theologian is cited as saying: 'It is important and healthy for women, for families, for societies, that we are dealing with the return of the human male, almost from the dead'." (2007) It is interesting to note that there appears to be great fear among the Polish majority mindset that the strong role of men in their society will somehow be diminished by women also entering into a role that is modified from the present role attributed to Polish womanhood and strengthened. The media in Poland has actively and imaginatively played with the Polish nationalist party and served to drive the country back into pre-E.U. accession mindset.

The cover of Wprost in May 2004 is stated to feature a man "placed well above the woman" who is looking "proudly and sternly ahead, into the future; the woman teeth bared in a submissive…

Bibliography

Abizadeh, Arash (2004) Liberal nationalist vs. postnational social integration: on the nation's ethno-cultural particularity and 'concreteness. Nations and Nationalism 10 (3), 2004, 231 -- 250. r ASEN 2004

Agnieszka Graff (2005) The Return of the Real Man: Gender and E.U. Accession in Three Polish Weeklies. Online available at:  http://www.iub.edu/~reeiweb/events/2005/graffpaper.pdf 

Alsop, Rachel and Hockey, Jenny (2004) in: In Women in society: achievements, risk, and challenges. Nova Publishers, 2004

Dizard, R., Korte, H. And Zamejc, A (2007) Right-Wing Nationalism in Poland: A threat to human rights? 2007 by Rachael Dizard, Henrike Korte and Anna "amej." Online available at:  http://humanityinaction.org/docs/Reports/2007_Reports_P  oland/Dizard_Korte_Z

Nurse-Patient Ratios.

This is a legislator information sheet on nurse-patient ratios (as adapted from Aikan et al. 2010) for a busy legislator who will only have time to read bullet points:

The ratio of nurse patient is lower in California than in other states with nurses in CA having at least one patient less than nurses have in other states (as for instance in New Jersey and in Pennsylvania as mentioned in Aikman et al. (2010))

California nurses had lower nurse-patient ratio on medical and surgical units when compared to other states. The average amongst CA nurses was 2 patients less than those in other states.

The lower the nurse-patient ration, the lower the level of mortality amongst patients

When nurses' workloads paralleled those of workloads of Californian nurses, the following results occurred:

a. nurses' burnout decreased

b. nurses' job dissatisfaction decreased

c. nurses reported consistently better quality of care…

Sources

Abood, S. (2007). Influencing health care in the legislative arena. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 12(1), 12 pp.

 http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume122007/No1Jan07/tpc32_216091.aspx 

Aikan, L.H., Sloane, D.M., Cimiotti, J.P., Clarke, S.P., Flynn, L., Seago, J.A., Spetz, J., & Smith, H. (2010, April 9). Implications of the California nurse staffing mandate for other states. Health Services Research. Retrieved from  http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/chopr/Documents/Aiken.2010.CaliforniaStaffingRatios.pdf

Nigeria Orphanage

Non-Governmental Organization Placement: Examination of the Experience of Students In NGO Placement

The objective of this work is to examine the experience of students on the NGO placement in Nigeria. The NGO at focus is that of St. Joseph Orphanage and Women Development Center. The writer of this work was provided with an excellent opportunity to exam the organization chart and policy of the non-governmental and non-profit organization. In addition, the writer of this work was provided with insight on how the organization raises money to finance and sustain its diverse projects in Nigeria. During the course of job placement of this researcher with this NGO organization, and specifically St. Joseph Women Development and orphanage center it was amazing to realize that Media and Communication organizations play a significant role in the promotion and creation of community awareness and awareness on the national level. Consideration of the barriers…

References

Anderson, P., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R., & Hubbard, A. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 457-469.

Artz, L. (2001). Critical ethnography for communication studies: Dialogue and social justice. The Southern Communication Journal, 66(3), 239-250.

Astin, A. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory of higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297-308.

Backhouse, Judy Pamela (2009) Doctoral Education in South Africa: Models, Pedagogies and Stucent Experiences. February 2009.

Public Health Partnerships in Diverse Settings

ho was the population of interest at that moment in time? In the article by Carthon, the African-American population in Philadelphia was in focus. At the turn of the last century, 1900, the statistics clearly showed that a much higher percentage of African-Americans ("blacks" is used in the references) were dying due to tuberculosis (TB) than Caucasians ("whites") (Carthon, 2011, 32). In fact the statistics showed that about 447 blacks per 100,000 were dying (from TB) at that time compared with just 197.3 whites per 100,000, Carthon explains.

hat was the environmental context within which the population lived at that time? hy were blacks more susceptible to TV than whites in the early 20th century? Carthon suggests that blacks tended to have jobs that had a "high exposure to dust, such as marble, stone, plaster, wood, and textile work." Clearly the black worker exposed…

Works Cited

Community Coalitions and Public Health

Carthon, J.M.B. (2011). Life and Death in Philadelphia's Black Belt: A Tale of an Urban

Tuberculosis Campaign, 1900-1930. Nursing History Review, Vol. 19, 29-52.

Parental Discipline Methods in Public Places

In the past, the biblical imprecation to "spare the rod, spoil the child" (Proverbs 13:24) has been replaced by a more enlightened view of discipline and corporal punishment is becoming increasingly rare. To determine the current state of affairs in this area, this paper provides a record of empirical observations of the discipline methods used on children by parents in public places, including a shopping mall, a park and an amusement park. An analysis of the frequency of physical punishments to discipline children and in what situations is followed by an assessment concerning the effects of differing locations, situations and social classes of the parents influenced their public behavior. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning the discipline methods used by parents in public places are provided in the conclusion.

eview and Analysis

Disorderliness and misbehaviors in children have been a…

References

Ewald, M. (2004, June 4). To spank or not? Let the town vote. The Christian Science Monitor,

11.

Hassan, T. & Titilayo, A. (2012, March). Differential effectiveness of self-management and token reinforcement in the treatment of adolescents' disorderliness. Ife Psychologia,

20(1), 134-139.

The speech is full of images and words denoting grand principles, especially "freedom," and the manner in which these are intermingled with the logical arguments and exhortations for support -- and pledges of support -- that have direct literal meanings blur the line between discursive and presentational symbols. Each of Obama's words has specific meaning out of the context of this speech, and each word largely retains this meaning within the speech, but the context of the speech as a whole shifts the meanings of these words and of the entire speech, transforming the symbols into something that appears to have ore substance presentationaly than is substantiated through a discursive examination of the same speech.

An excellent early example of the way Obama melds discursive and presentational symbols is in his first direct reference to the division that Berlin experienced for decades: "And on the twenty-fourth of June, 1948, the…

Works Cited.

Brand, Peg. "Susanne Katherina Knauth Langer." Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London, 1998.

Langer, S. (1951) Philosophy in a New Key. "Discursive Forms and Presentational Forms"

Liukkonen, Petri. "Susanne K. Langer." Accessed 29 April 2010. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/slanger.htm

New World Encyclopedia. "Susanne Langer." Accessed 29 April 2010.  http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Susanne_Langer#Symbols_and_myth

Guns on Campus

SHOULD STUDENTS BE ABLE TO CAY GUNS ON CAMPUS?

Of all the places in the world, one would think that the collage is the safest place for a student to be and sometimes it is not. In this paper it will be discussed whether students should be allowed to carry concealed weapons to college. The advantages of allowing students to carry a concealed weapon will be discussed and why Gun Free Zones do not work.

There are many current issues happening in the U.S. And abroad, which makes it very difficult to decide which one to choose. I chose the topic: "If students are able to carry weapons on campus." It affects all students in the United States. Dispute the right to arms has been going on with the second amendment was approved. Some people believe that the Second Amendment states that the military should only be…

References

Bennett, J.T. (2008). Choice and Individual Responsibility are More Effective than Laws in Reducing Gun Violence, Retrieved April 17, 2011 from Gale: Opposing Viewpoint Resource Center (Power Search) database.

Blek, C.L. (1999). Gun Control is Constitutional. At Issue: IS Gun Ownership a Right. Kelly Doyle. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Retrieved April 17, 2011, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Apollo Library database.

Brady Campaign. (2009). Facts and Issues.  http://www.bradycampaign.org/issues 

Cornell, S. (2006). The Second Amendment Is Misused by Opponents of Gun Control. Current Controversies: Guns and Violence. Debra A. Miller. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Retrieved April 17, 201, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Apollo Library database.