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Architecture
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What is Architecture?

Architecture sits at the intersection of art, engineering, history, and culture, making it a rich subject across disciplines including art history, design theory, urban studies, and the humanities. Students engage with it in courses ranging from survey classes on Western art history to specialized seminars on phenomenology, postmodernism, and vernacular building traditions. The field rewards academic inquiry because architecture is never purely aesthetic — every building encodes decisions about function, materials, society, and meaning. Core theoretical debates, such as whether form follows function remains a viable principle, push students to think critically about how designed structures reflect and shape human life.

The papers archived on this topic take a wide range of approaches. Historical surveys trace the development of styles from the Romanesque period and French Renaissance to Postmodernism. Theoretical analyses examine the work of specific architects — Tadao Ando's use of light, Michelangelo's relationship to Mannerism, and Steven Holl's phenomenological practice all appear as focal points. Comparative and cross-disciplinary essays explore how textiles, nature, and early Islamic decorative arts influenced architectural form and design. Thinkers such as Laugier, Banham, Greenough, and Fathy serve as reference points for arguments about architectural principles and ethics.

A strong architecture essay establishes a clear, arguable thesis rather than simply describing a building or period. The most persuasive papers ground claims in specific formal evidence — spatial organization, materials, structural logic, and historical context — rather than general impressions. The most common pitfall is treating architecture as background rather than as the primary subject: every observation should connect back to what a design decision reveals about built form, cultural values, or theoretical principle.

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Paper Undergraduate
Facebook and Social Media as Online Conflict Resolution Platforms
Humans are social animals, and will usually dwell together in communities, based on their beliefs, resources, preferences, needs, risks, and a number of other conditions which may be present and common, affecting the…
Paper Undergraduate
Cloud Computing Security and IT Trends: Annotated Bibliography
The paper is an annotated bibliography. The subject of the articles is Information Technology, and specifically, Cloud Computing. Most of the articles reviewed are concerned with digital security and data protection. The articles were composed within the last three years, so the information is extremely current. There are several articles that attempt to predict the future of cloud computing and what it reflects on a larger scale with respect to shift in culture.
Paper Doctorate
Vertical Farming in Singapore: Opportunities and Challenges
There has been much talk surrounding the environmental issues of food production, with many now suggesting the city is the ideal place for growing food to cater for rapidly expanding urban populations. In Singapore, small-scale examples of this are emerging, such as Changi General Hospital and the Tanjong Pagar apartment complex. This dissertation will examine the Vertical Farming movement, and look at the opportunities and challenges for implementing such strategies in Singapore. The research would include sustainable building designs related to architecture and minimal agriculture. The research would consider the application of interviews and case studies in order to come up with reliable and valid results in relation to the research question.
Essay Doctorate
Marketing Plan for Translator Connect Services
Marketing Plan -- Translator Connect Services
Essay Doctorate
Amazon e-Strategy: A Strategic Assessment of Amazon.com
Amazon's remarkable ascent as one of the top online global retailers can be attributed to the foresight they had in creating a comprehensive distributed order management, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and e-commerce series of systems. The many other e-commerce sites that rose quickly with massive infusions of venture capital just as quick exited the market, flaming out due to a lack of system and process scalability, lack of understanding of customer dynamics, and a complete loss of focus on scalable business models. All of these factors are what caused competitors to Amazon to exit the e-commerce market either through acquisition, merger or complete exist from the market. When starting Amazon, Jeff Bezos invested heavily in the distributed order management, ERP, SCM and e-commerce integration points to book distributors initially, and then expanded into a broader product mix. This allowed the enterprise to quickly scale as volumes increased during the first five years of the company's existence. Having creating this reliable, scalable and secure platform, Mr. Bezos and the Amazon founders concentrated on creating an analytics layer throughout their architecture that could quantify customer, distributor, dealer and even competitor activity on the site (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). This reliance on analytics also gave Amazon executives and technical staff the insight they needed to launch quickly into entirely new product categories, get the complex and often confusing task of localization right, and also create a highly popular and profitable Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud computing platform and hosting platform for Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) applications (Mitchell, 2012). From a technology standpoint the performance of Amazon today can be directly attributed to the insightful decisions made in 1994 and 1995 when the company founders prioritized the development of enterprise-wide platforms and a strong focus on analytics over spending all their time on the front-end website and its façade (Lindic, Bavdaz, Kovacic, 2012). As Jeff Bezos would later remark in interviews, by investing to create a truly world-class enterprise back-end system first, his company was freed up to fast track the actual user interface of the e-commerce sites globally at a pace that left comp[editors far behind in terms of functionality and product breadth (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). Mr. Bezos chose in 2007 to also institute a culture of metrics that also capitalized on the nearly two decades of investment in their infrastructure (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). Combining the global e-commerce, enterprise-tested infrastructure and the most robust set of analytics that any e-commerce provider had, Amazon was ready to begin expanding their product strategies, start offering greater options in their Amazon Web Services initiative which today is expected to be a $1B by 2015, even by conservative forecasts (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012) and also invest heavily in their state-of-the-art recommendation engine technology that seeks out products and services customers may be interested in and present them during shop[ping sessions in real-time (Sun, 2012). It's important to appreciate just how vast of an e-commerce infrastructure Amazon has in completing this analysis of their e-strategy. They have greater agility, flexibility and capability to execute than any other online retailer globally today. How they choose to use these technologies to attract new customers and keep existing ones loyal, a point the case study makes in greater detail, is predicated on the ability to get the most value from this infrastructure while still staying focused on delivering a world-class customer experience in each transaction. Based on the analysis undertaken for this case analysis, it is abundantly clear that Jeff Bezos and the executive management team are passionate about keeping the company as customer-focused as possible, including the continual selective use of technology to accentuate and strengthen the user experience online and off (Murphy, Narkiewicz, 2010). With these foundational aspects of Amazon defined, the seven areas of focus in this analysis are next presented. The overarching objective of this analysis is to understand the value of e-strategies in organizations, with Amazon being the organization of interest in the analysis. Specifically concentrating on the benefits of having an e-strategy at Amazon, defining how e-strategies contribute to Amazon's broader accomplishments, and an analysis of how Amazon aligns their e-strategy to the overarching organizational strategy as well., The analysis continues with an analysis of the key business factors that are the catalysts of the e-strategy at Amazon, followed by a suggested strategic plan for ensuring e-strategy initiatives at the company continue to lead to profitable growth. The final section of this analysis provides an assessment of the technical infrastructure needed to accomplish the proposed strategic plan. As Amazon has continually evolved its position as a global force in online retailing, its command of supply chains globally has also evolved very quickly. In the latest rankings of the highest-performing supply chains completed by Gartner, a leading research consultancy, Amazon has ranking within the top twenty five for five years running (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). What this signals is that Amazon has progressed from relying on enterprise-wide infrastructure to compete and is now on the growth trajectory of making supply chain processes their competitive advantage.
Research Paper Doctorate
Eight Statistical Tools Used in HR Management Research
¶ … statistical analysis in reaching their conclusions and presenting their findings in published literature. These techniques are necessary in order to provide consistency and validity to the data, as well as to…
Research Paper Doctorate
Italy: History, US Relations, and 20th-Century Challenges
The relationship between the two countries got strained when American troops shot an Italian agent who rescued a hostage in Baghdad and went worse when Washington later criticized Italians for poor communications and…
Research Paper Doctorate
IBM System/360 and the Personal Computer Revolution
Many inventions have changed the world: The automobile, the airplane, the telephone, and the computer. Each in its own way transformed how we live, how we work, and how we communicate.
Thesis Undergraduate
Plantation Architecture and Slave Communities in the South
The plantation architecture in the South developed over centuries, reflected not only the evolution of the slave communities, but also their interaction with the owners, their cultural background and their integration in the economic structure of the South. Many of the phases in this development, including creolization, brought forth new elements in architecture, as well as in the anthropological and cultural evolution of these communities. The aim of this paper is to discuss Southern architecture with distinct examples from plantation houses and slave communities, with an additional perspective on creaolization and its impact.
Research Paper High School
Imhotep: Ancient Egypt's Architect, Physician, and Deity
In many academic circles, the man Imhotep (He who comes in peace) exemplifies the rich tradition of Ancient Egypt. He was an Egyptian royal, but not a ruler, who served under the Third Dynasty King Djoser as his Chancellor and then High Priest to the sun god Ra in the city of Heliopolis. His accomplishments were quite numerous; many consider him to be the first recorded expert planner in architecture, engineering, and physicians.