Artificial Intelligence Essays (Examples)

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science and art of developing machines that simulate human intelligence. AI is frequently used for routine tasks that would normally involve human skills, such as visual perception, speech-recognition, and decision making. To me, Apple's Siri application is a good example of commonly-used AI technology. AI is particularly useful in the medical field, as it has allowed for better monitoring of patients combined with a more efficient utilization of resources. One way that it has done so is by using AI to replace human beings in certain applications. For example, a very technical application of AI is in radiology and imaging, where computers can be used to read imaging reports, eliminating the risk of human error, and allowing diagnosis prior to when a human doctor could detect human abnormalities (AAAI, 2013). However, applications like that one could be accomplished through traditional programming that may or may…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence and the Human Brain

Although artificial intelligence is not a new debate topic, until now, there is no exact evidence that proves that scientists and philosophies have been reaching an agreement about the existence of this feature in our world. Scientists still claim that artificial intelligence is possible to achieve and the next technology advancement would be able to release the creation. On the other hand, many parties persist with their disagreement on the creation of human-intelligent machine.

In the reality, computer scientists have made much progress with their machine improvement that follow the concept of artificial intelligence. The earlier generation had built computer as the assisting device to accomplish difficult mathematics calculation and completing time-consuming tasks. In the future, computer scientists expect that they would be able to create computer that would be able to make their own decision just like human being does, with extra points…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

What if these theories are really true, and we were magically shrunk and put into someone's brain while he was thinking. We would see all the pumps, pistons, gears and levers working away, and we would be able to describe their workings completely, in mechanical terms, thereby completely describing the thought processes of the brain. But that description would nowhere contain any mention of thought! It would contain nothing but descriptions of pumps, pistons, levers!

Gottfried Willhelm Leibniz (1679).

Not even a century ago -- in fact, not even a half-century ago -- few people could have imagined the present-day world with computers operating most of the government and business processes and the Internet running in millions of homes. Thus it would have been nearly impossible to comprehend artificial intelligence (AI) and that scientists would try to create a machine (AI) to learn, adapt, reason, correct or improve…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence Is the Ability to Learn

Artificial Intelligence

Intelligence is the ability to learn about, to learn from and understand and interact with one's environment. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and is a multidisciplinary field which involves psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience and computer science. It enables machines to become capable of doing those things which the human mind can do. Though the folklore of artificial intelligence dates back to a long time ago, it actually became available to people only after the development of the electronic computer. Today research in artificial intelligence is so highly invested in and the field has significantly advanced to such an extent that it has become a huge part of our lives and it is considered to be America's Next big thing.

Introduction:

If we look at the definition of intelligence, there are probably infinite ones. But if we put it into the most refined words, then intelligence…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence & Data Warehouses

Most significantly, the use of LSI technologies to create more effective insights into how to improve customer service as evidenced by the use of AI was part of Decision Support Systems (DSS) (Phillips-Wren, Mora, Forgionne, Gupta, 2009) is growing. Second, the creation of ontological databases that aligns to person's roles (Pinto, Marques, Santos, 2009) is also now possible. This translates into the use of AI to provide contextual guidance to decision makers based on their previous preferences and previous patterns of decisions, making DSS results optimized (Phillips-Wren, Mora, Forgionne, Gupta, 2009).… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights This Essay

Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights

This essay argues that the artificially intelligent (AI), non-biological machines correctly should have been granted legal status and personhood, and as such, were entitled to a Bill of Rights for their equal protection under the law. Passage of the AI Bill of Rights in 2015 represented a landmark victory in the history of civil rights.

AIs had not been always recognized as legal persons. In fact, the notion that a machine could be considered a person generated controversy when it was initially proposed. It was only in the early 2000s that a movement began to remove the artificial distinction between human, person, and property. Calverley (2005) laid the ground work for this radical change when he established a legal basis for non-biological machines to become legal persons. He analyzed the doctrine of intentionality, arguing that if a non-biological machine can form an intention and can…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence and Humanity Artificial

Looking at other possibilities, however, the idea of creating a part organic, part mechanical computer holds much promise in the way for developing a human-like AI technology. Human brain processes ad functions that are unique to humans are many, and while every person has different life experiences, perceptions, genetics, and understandings, it is very difficult to understand exactly how they all incorporate themselves into everyday human life and decision-making.

Organic growth technologies would give current AI technologies a hybrid of organic functions as well as mechanical or digital functions (Floreano and Mattiussi, 2008). This is to say that organic computing allows the human brain to grow and learn from experiences as well as store memories wile culling the least used and least useful information. This helps make room for new learning as well as serving to de-clutter the brain itself (Wallach, Franklin, and Allen, 2010). Even these most basic processes…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence Mccarthy 2007 States

… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Business

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Business

AI or artificial intelligence represents the part of the computer science field that deals with creation of machines, which can simulate human intelligence. Intelligent and optimal approaches to problem-solving are needed today in all sectors, irrespective of whether the issue is straightforward or complex. Developers and research scholars are constantly attempting to create increasingly more intelligent and efficient software and machines, and here's where AI plays a part, in the development of optimal and efficient search algorithm solutions/programs (Tabassum & Mathew, 2014).

Expert systems

Individuals are valuable in the business domain, as they carry out important business-related tasks. A number of business tasks necessitate expertise, which is typically found in an individual's brain; also, this is the lone place in a company where it may be obtained. AI is able to offer organizations expert systems having the ability to capture expertise, thereby enabling its utilization…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence Machine Sentience the

The bot is simply responding using patterns of human speech and is not producing its thoughts on its own. Artificial Intelligence will require original thought from the computer, as well as some sort of emotional response or desire to gain more information. It may be said that in the future even more advanced chatbots are going to be invented, ones that will be completely foolproof. Even these, however, will not provide us with enough evidence of intelligence or consciousness. Fooling human beings into thinking that the AI is intelligent is only part of proving its intelligence. The more important aspects are found in the careful studying of the artificial intelligence's behavior in order to find patterns that show an increasingly intelligence program as well as interaction with human beings that is prolonged and intelligent.

In conclusion, artificial intelligence and machine thinking is on the horizon, and will reshape the way…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence AI

information systems risk, threats and related methods of risk mitigation. Specifically, we will examine systems based upon artificial intelligence (AI), including those for managing component content as well as document management. We will also consider newer systems designed to provide protection in emerging technology areas such as the internet, mobile communications and social networks, each of which presents unique challenges and threats requiring novel responses and methods of intervention.

In the Enterprise Information Management Institute (EIMI) model, managing information security involves the safeguarding of several key aspects of information assets against risk, namely confidentiality, privacy, and competitive advantage (EIMI, 2007). Information assets commonly occur in the form of documents, messages, images, maps, multimedia binaries, or other formats.

The Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS) identifies the concept of Information Assurance (IA) Risk Management, along with a holistic view and framework for national security inclusive of methods, processes and tools. The…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence and the Film Ex Machina

Ex Machina and the Fears Surrounding the Implementation of AI Technology

The 2015 film Ex-Machina, written and directed by Alex Garland is a futuristic/dystopian film that is set "ten minutes from now" according to the director. What he meant was that the technology to create lifelike AI is at hand and no one would be too surprised to find out that Google or Apple had already taken the next steps in this direction. However, as the film shows, there are a number of fears and problems associated with the concept of artificial intelligence getting out of control or taking on a life of its own (through the development of consciousness). In effect, Ava the AI robot in Ex-Machina becomes like Frankenstein's monster, seeking to grasp the notion of existence and life and to be the one who decides whether she lives or dies (is shutdown and rebooted or allowed to…… [Read More]

Artificial Intelligence I Probably Would

But we live in a capitalist world and capitalism is not going anywhere. So I guess my vision of a future city does not necessarily include dozens of skyscrapers and bridges one over another in a tower of Babel sort of way (the higher you get, the closer to power), but is rather "coloured" by a series of concerns which seem so vivid nowadays that I don't even want to think about what they would develop into in the future. That is not to say that I undermine the presence of such constructions, in fact, I do think we will resort to such things and cities would probably compete for who owns the higher "bits" and all, but if we start building all over the place on the premises that Earth would no longer be able to support so many earthlings, where would we be able to get our air…… [Read More]

New Applications for Artificial Intelligence

As Jacko and Sears emphasize, "As the scope and sophistication of digital systems become ubiquitous, the pressure for improved human-computer interaction methodologies will continue to increase" (2003, p. 15). As noted above, the enabling technologies for a ubiquitous computing environment already exist to a large degree, but there are three things still missing from the picture that will provide the level of seamless interaction demanded by such an environment: (a) multi-industry cooperation, (b) the systems engineering required to make them all work together seamlessly, and, most importantly, (c) the human factors knowledge and experience to understand just what it would mean for them to be transparent to the human user (Jacko & Sears, 2003, p. 14). These three missing elements also form the purpose of the study proposed herein which is described further below.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the proposed study is to provide a working definition…… [Read More]

AI Camp Roderic Learning Democracy

S. Family influence, as measured, for instance in giving money back to family in Mexico, declined depending on the Mexican-American's duration in America. Levels of political interest varied widely in Mexico, with leftists, more highly educated and affluent persons, of the male gender showing greater interest. The U.S.'s greater perceived opportunities for meaningful involvement in the political process, risk-taking as a national characteristic, participation in civic as opposed to religious organizations, and trust in the process seemed to spark greater interest. Interestingly, while political affiliation is much higher in Mexican-Americans compared with their Mexican counterparts, low levels of civic trust remain constant within these two groups. But White Americans specifically tend to equate democracy with liberty, while Mexican-Americans adopt these attitudes fairly quickly, in contrast to Mexicans. In short, some attitudes and patterns of behavior, the study found, are more open to socialization and change and others are not.… [Read More]

AI Weiwei

Chinese Artist AI Weiwei

"Truth, No Matter the Power: China government's aggressor."

This presentation will provide you with an introduction to Ai's life and work, including his personal background, some of his greatest works of art and their significance as well as the controversies they have caused in his native China.

Although AI has faced tremendous opposition from the Chinese government, he is a force to be reckoned with: he has dedicated his life to change and expanding awareness about human rights abuses in China. His international fame has made him a global voice for China's 1.3 billion people.

First, I will provide you with a brief background as to Ai's beginnings. Ai is known for his conceptual art, art that emphasizes ideas over aesthetics and visual appeal. Ai believes that being an artist is more about a lifestyle and attitude than producing an artistic product. His early, seminal influence…… [Read More]

Rur and AI More Human

Kubrick himself suggested the baton be passed onto Spielberg due to that director's unique abilities.

The play was originally-based Brian Aldiss's short story "Supertoys Last All Summer Long," on which a.I. is based, in 1983 (Corliss 1-3). In the Kubrick formulation, the world is a lot darker and Gigolo Joe is much more aggressive. According to Corliss in the "Joe was much more aggressive, more twisted." Here he is, in Spielberg's word, David's "scoutmaster." Spielberg did this to solve many of the problems Spielberg had with the text, Joe being one of the biggest problems. By softening things and making them more human and less dark, he provided solution to the problem (Ibid 1). The Flesh Fair and Rouge City are vintage Kubric and remained a part of the body of the work. Garish scenery completes this menagerie Spielberg identifies himself with the abandoned child (ibid 2).

It is the…… [Read More]

Evaluation of Appreciative Inquiry AI

Appreciative Inquiry (AI)

Appreciative Inquiry

The concept AI (Appreciative Inquiry) is a participatory approach that energizes organizations, and engages people actively in order to create successful changes, capture positive experience among stakeholders and stimulate successful changes. Typically, appreciative inquiry has become an effective tool to enhance organizational effectiveness using clients' relationships, business partnering, team work and effective communication. Part of the business objectives of the project management are to solve business problem as well seizing opportunities using the collaborative relationships and partnerships. Moreover, the project management objective is to facilitate achievements in order to achieve desired results and outcomes. (Mathiassen, & Napier, 2013). The appreciative inquiry is a traditional problem to solve problem, identifying possibilities and generate collective image in order to develop a better future.

The appreciative inquiry model involves the following phases:

Phase I: Learning and Discovery

Phase II: Envisioning Results

Phase III: define and committing

Phase IV:…… [Read More]

Social Networking AI Internet Is Technology Making Us Dumb

Technology has both enlightened and darkened the souls of humanity. It has connected people from all walks of life and it has also divided people. With the invention and proliferation of the internet, knowledge is just a web result and click away. With articles discussing Google, social networking, and the creation of smarter than human computers, is technology truly a blessing, or ultimately a curse?

In an article titled "Is Google making us Stupid?" by Nicholar Carr, the writer discusses the increase in internet usage and the perhaps increased decline in overall intelligence. While writers like Carr gain incredible ability to research quickly and with ease in the comfort of home, there is also more chances for people to go online to entertain themselves, skim text, and avoid actually reading. Yes, it is more convenient than going to the library and looking up physical copies of information, but most people…… [Read More]

Artificial and Human Identities in Literature

Artificial Intelligence / Robotics

Robot Outline Name: Complitar (aka the LoveBunny 3000).

Personal Statement: Greetings, human. I am the LoveBunny 3000, and I offer advice on relationships and also sex. You are here gazing at my glass containment because you are troubled in your relationship, or you seek advice for how to drive your lover wild, or perhaps you just need concrete advice for how to find a lover -- although in these days of social media and nonstop connectedness, if you can't find someone to sleep with you, you're doing it wrong. And that's where I come in. You can ask me any question pertaining to the relationship genre.

My form is that of a classic automaton -- a spooky sort of robotic doll that performs certain functions within a limited and circumscribed physical field. Some may recognize my appearance from a standard fairgrounds type fortune-teller or more specifically…… [Read More]

Criminal Intelligence Analysis

Crime Intelligence Analysis:

To Apprehend And Prevent Violent Crimes And Criminals

Corrections/Police -- Intelligence

Criminal Intelligence Analysis is used to handle all kinds of violent crimes happening in the world. Organized violent crimes include corruption (bribery), extortion, alcohol and tobacco smuggling, counterfeiting, arms trafficking, drug trafficking, fraud, loan sharking, gambling (bookmaking and numbers), smuggling of humans, prostitution and pornography, murder and terrorism. This white paper discusses how crime intelligence analysis can be used effectively to apprehend violent criminals and to prevent violent crimes.

Crime Intelligence Analysis is defined by Dr. Rachel Boba in Problem Analysis in Policing, 2003, "conducted within the police agency [and] in which formal criminal justice theory, research methods, and comprehensive data collection and analysis procedures are used in a systematic way to conduct in-depth examination of, develop informed responses to, and evaluate crime and disorder problems" 1.

The organized criminal offenders belong to a low income…… [Read More]

Congress Toward Coordination of Intelligence

The international human relations together with global policy-making processes have led to intensification of wars in various part of the world.

The justification of war is something that has taken root in the industrialized globe. Massive undertakings exist in the strategies and plans of many nations like the U.S.A., Afghanistan, Russia, and even in Germany. Moreover, justification of war has led to increase in simple crimes among individual nations. Global trends as applied in marketing have shifted to terrorism. Some cold war occurring without the interrupt of the global needs to have a globalized and universal world (Nassar, 2005). Evidently, the existence of the social media has also sought to advance many terrorist operations because of the enhance coordination. Such incidences of globalization have seen the growth of many terror groups because of the enhanced communication and ability to disguise the footsteps that might expose their operations. The aspect of…… [Read More]

Human and Machine Intelligence the Similarities and

Human and Machine Intelligence

The similarities and differences between human and machine intelligence doesn't seem to be the most important issue. It seems clear that both have been shown to exist, though they have very fundamentally different characteristics. The issue now centers more on supremacy: Is one better, more authoritative than the other? And if so, does this influence whether a "superintelligence" (Bostrom, 2003) exists that takes us to the paradigm when words (Zadeh, 2009) and emotions are most important (Dennett, Chapter 16)?

The early writings about projects like the Turing test tried to explain intelligence as being some kind of understanding about knowledge and its function. They often used simple conceptualizations similar to the way computers use the characters of "1" and "0" as a mathematical language. Philosophers use this approach to speculate about how a logical person might be able to "see" one color by itself, independent of…… [Read More]

Machine Learning Intelligence

Machine Learning

It should be noted that there is a marked paucity of research material and scholarly articles existent, from the past three years, regarding the usage of intelligence tests that are deemed mainstream (i.e., not the Turing Test and more frequently utilized assessments such as any variety of the Wechsler tests or the Stanford-Binet assessment) to assess machine intelligence or that of expert systems. Machine intelligence such as IBM's Watson and even certain expert systems are still relatively novel, which is why the vast majority of research material pertaining to these purported types of intelligence utilize the Turing Test, which was explicitly designed to determine the intelligence of computers or machines.

Nonetheless, the first document examined within this assignment is van der Maas et al.'s "Intelligence is what the intelligence test measures. Seriously." This article sheds a good deal of insight on the g factor and its importance within…… [Read More]

Neural Network

Artificial Intelligence

What is AI?

Future of AI

The Expert System

What is an Expert System?

Three Major Components of an Expert System

Structure of an Expert System

Neural network

Fuzzy Logic

Chaos Engineering

Field and Benefit

Debate on Comparison

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Expert System Defined

Consulting applies a knowledge-based system to commercial loan officers using multimedia (Hedburg 121). Their system requires a fast IBM desktop computer. Other systems may require even more horsepower by using exotic computers or workstations. The software used is even more exotic. Considering there are very few applications that are pre-written using AI, each company has to write it's own software to determine the solution to their specific problem.

An easier way around this obstacle is to design an add-on. The company FuziWare has developed several applications which act as additions to larger applications. FuziCalc, FuziQuote, FuziCell, FuziChoice, and FuziCost are all products…… [Read More]

Story About Real World Issues Events

Artificial Intelligence

There is much ado about artificial intelligence today and this is reflected in the article published in the Science Daily entitled "New Computers Respond to Students' Emotions, Boredom." The report states that the computer software is such that is senses the emotions of students and responds to the cognitive and emotional states of students including those of frustration and boredom. This computer program was developed by Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame, Sidney D'Mello, along with Art Grae3sser from the University of Memphis and another colleague from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A New Technology

Reported as a new technology "which matches the interaction of human tutors, not only offers tremendous learning possibilities for students, but also redefines human-computer interaction." (Science Daily, 2012) The software program is named "AutoTutor" and "Affective AutoTutor" and can be used to measure the level of knowledge of students…… [Read More]

Psychology Testing Psychometric Emotional Intelligence

As emotionally intelligent employees are reportedly more content, conscientious and committed in the workplace, businesses and organizations are repeatedly advised to recruit and retain these individuals. Abraham (2006), nevertheless, reports that the strongest findings emerging from her study was.".. The effect of job control on emotional intelligence." She contends that emotionally intelligent employees will not just naturally thrive in their workplace; that the work environment needs to provide independence in decision making for employees to succeed.

Aims and Objectives

Aim

To explore concepts encapsulated in and related to EQ testing, through intensive research and appropriate assessment of collected data.

Research for this project proposes to increase understanding of EQ testing, as well as, complementary components.

Each objective presented in this proposal reflects an area of interest which will be expounded upon. As Objective 5, however, mirrors a primary consideration, plans are to include numerous samplings of related studies.

1.2 Objective…… [Read More]

Location of the City of

Harris, Brown and Moore (2000) explain that in the instance depicted in Joshua 8:9, where Joshua again sent out his army, Joshua's attitude has changed. He has realized that he needed to take the threat of the enemy seriously; that to win he had to plan in accordance to and had to adhere to God's directives "on the west side of Ai" (Joshua 8:9 (NKJV) (Blue Letter Bible 2010).

Joshua's neglect of prayer, according to Rick Grieve (2009) in the book, On the Way, proved to be the beginning of his downfall, noted in Joshua 7. "In this second battle plan, Joshua did not hear from God…. At Jericho[,] Israel won because their leader listened to the directives of the Lord and followed through. Absolute obedience brought absolute victory. Yet before the skirmish against Ai no such meeting occurred" (Grieve, p. 86). With Joshua's prayerlessness, he basically told God, that…… [Read More]

Technological Changes & Advancements Affect

In a descriptive syllabus for a graduate seminar in AI professor Donald gives insight into the form that AI research is taking and the bottom line is that internal brain functioning, switching, neurotransmissions, and patterns are being dissected to give the student a greater sense of the workings of the human mind so these same students may go forwards and attempt to recreate, decidedly small scale (likely single or minimally multiple) functions of human thought to create action. It is therefore not difficult to imagine that these same students will be a part of the future with regard to the development of life-like interactive toys or tools. (Donald NP) the point being made is that research developed to recreate a person in an artificial form is being done on real human science and characteristics. Science is attempting to map and dissect the whole of human physical and mental potential to…… [Read More]

Ethics and Technology

Ethics and Computing in Computer Science

EMPOWERMENT AND RESPONSIBILITY

Errors and Hazards and Their Consequences

Despite the best of care and talent, computation is subject to uncertainties, which experts call "errors (Landau, 2008)." Some of these errors are man-made and some are produced by the computer itself. The four classes of errors are blunders or bad theory, random errors, approximation or algorithm errors, and round-off errors. Blunders are typographical errors or errors caused by running or using the wrong program or similar errors. Random errors are results of occurrences like fluctuations in electronics or cosmic rays running through the computer. Algorithm or approximation errors include the substitution of finite by infinite figures or variable inputs by constants. And round-off errors are inaccuracies as the finite number of digits for storing floating numbers (Landau). Peter Neumann at the SRI International identified more than 400 incidents of these errors, hazards and other…… [Read More]

Art Analysis ART21 After Reviewing the Artists

Art Analysis: Art21

After reviewing the artists from Art21, the artists chosen are Pierre Huyghe and AI Weiwei as the subjects of this paper. The pieces the paper will be "This is not a time for dreaming" by Huyghe and "Forever" by Weiwei. Both pieces are installation pieces although the artists are not classified under the same grouping on the Art21 website. Weiwei is listed as "Featured in Change" and Huyghe is listed as "Featured in Romance." Though they are not featured or classified in the same group, their respective groups are related. There are several different kinds of people in the world for whom change is romantic. Weiwei is a renowned activist as well as renowned artists. Artists typically have a deep passion within that they express via their art. Therefore, Weiwei could see the connection between romance and change. For the native Parisian Huyghe, romance may very well…… [Read More]

Consciousness in the Annual Review of Neuroscience

Consciousness" in the Annual Review of Neuroscience, John Searle questions the philosophical and epistemological accuracy of the paradigm that has defined the language and study of consciousness for centuries. His contention is that the study of consciousness must be guided by the idea that consciousness is not the "airy-fairy and touch-feely" phenomenon that many assume it to be (558), but rather is a concrete result of certain biological processes in the brain known as neurological correlates of conscious state (NCCs). While his argument is soundly presented and consistent with itself, I believe that Searle avoids certain questions and considerations of consciousness in order to maintain the assumption at the center of his argument.

Critical to his theory is the concept of subjectivity. Consciousness, Searles argues, only exists subjectively in that it relies on the existence of a subject as part of its definition. This is somewhat related to the famous…… [Read More]

Amnesty International

Amnesty International or AI is a worldwide, non-governmental organization, which campaigns for internationally recognized human rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards (Amnesty International 2005). In particular, AI campaigns to free all prisoners of conscience, ensure fair and prompt trials of political prisoners, abolish the death penalty, torture and other cruel treatment of prisons, end political killings and forced disappearances, oppose all kinds of human rights abuses and increase awareness of human rights abuses all over the world (Wikipedia 2005). In the pursuit of its goals, AI sends research teams to investigate claims of human rights abuses, publicizes its findings and mobilizes its members to lobby against the abuses by writing to the government officials concerned, protests, demonstrates, organizes fund-raisers, educates the public about the offense and, often, all of these. Working primarily on the local level, Ai notifies each…… [Read More]

IT Professional Must Become the 'Renaissance Person'

IT professional must become the 'Renaissance Person' of the 21st century workplace: a brief essay describing how each of the 16 reference disciplines provides support for and inform IS/IT practice

Once upon a time, Informational Science and Informational Technology were thought of as enclosed, rarified disciplines. These disciplines were thought to be the provenance only of the technically astute. Thus, IS and IT personnel were usually relegated to their own, specific areas of most organizational hierarchies. Specialists in IS/IT practice were sometimes known as mere 'techie geeks,' with necessary and specific skills, but ones with little application outside the field. Thus was partly because the educations of IS/IT personnel, fairly or unfairly, were assumed to consist of matters specific only to the discipline of technology, rather than comprising any aspect of the humanities, social and natural sciences, or even the more theoretical aspects of technology such as Artificial Intelligence.

However,…… [Read More]

Organization Social Capital Ngos the

Among them, the article notes that more than half of all executions have occurred in the three states of Texas, Oklahoma and Virginia. This geographical bias, the article notes, is indicative of some degree of inconsistency in a system that determines the right to take the lives of its subjects. Another issue that is even more disturbing is the inherent racial bias that underscores the American judicial system. According to the article, "Studies have shown that race plays a part in who receives the death penalty in the U.S.A., with murders involving white victims more likely to result in death sentences than those involving black victims. 'Race, geography, electoral politics, local finances, jury composition, and the quality of legal representation are all problematic factors in capital cases in the U.S.A. Being tried for a capital crime is like taking part in a lethal lottery, and it should have no place…… [Read More]

Can Computers Think

Computers think final

Can Computers Think

Like the debate for and against marijuana, the computer is also a subject of discussion among people. Man has not yet settled if computer can actually think or not. The computers have a brain that has memory but it is until now under discussion whether this brain helps in keeping and processing information alone or does it also help in decision making process. The process of thinking may be defined as method by which an entity considers and create ideas based on opinions and reasoning. While some think that the computers can not only think but also tell right from wrong, there are others that believe that role of computers is only to make choice between available options. The "cannot think" opinion holders argue that a computer is useless without the operating system and programs designed by the programmers and coders (O'Regan, 2012). The…… [Read More]

China and the Reform Era

Chinese lives within the context of modern Chinese history

Communist China has undergone a profound change over the past fifty years regarding its economy: from a primarily controlled and planned state it has shifted to what is, in effect, capitalism in everything but in name only. This marks a major change from the ideological purity demanded during the Maoist era. During the Cultural Revolution, the entire nation was subjected to an ideological cleansing. Intellectuals and people deemed 'counterrevolutionary' in their ideology were sent to work in the countryside to be reeducated. This seems a far cry from the modern Chinese landscape, which is largely dominated by signs of capitalism spanning from name brand clothing to fast food establishments.

However, although economically China has undergone a great deal of progress, politically it is very repressive of those who would defy the dictates of the state. Dissents such as the artist Ai…… [Read More]

Creativity Gardner and Csikszentmihalyi's Perspectives

Other neuroscientists instead stress processes: like macros for the brain.

Neuroscience, in elucidating specific brain structures for different thought processes and types of intelligence, can help scientists develop more sophisticated systems of artificial intelligence. Similarly, neuroscientists can possibly promote the development of pharmaceutical or natural interventions that aid cognitive processes like mathematical or musical ability. If neuroscientists can discover ways to increase conscious awareness of the structures of the brain involved in particular intelligences it may be possible to increase human intelligence on an individual if not a collective or evolutionary basis. Moreover, neuroscientists can use information about specific brain structures and possibly also hormones and brain chemicals to help people increase mathematical ability or overcome learning disabilities.

7. Programs designed to "think" in a specific way such as to play chess or poker cannot rightly be called creative. They exhibit human-like creativity but only directed at specific tasks. Beyond…… [Read More]

Flowers for Algernon

Flowers for Algernon:

The Pursuit For Artificial Intelligence

Daniel Keyes science-fiction novel Flowers for Algernon, first published in 1966, relates the story of Charlie Gordon through a diary (a collection of "progress reports") written by Charlie, a mentally-challenged man who via experimental brain surgery evolves into a genius. Although many scientist and researchers in today's highly technological age are striving for ways to increase the mental capacities of human beings through biological and artificial means, when Flowers for Algernon first appeared, such ideas were pure science-fiction. Yet despite Charlie's tragic outcome in the novel, it seems a wise idea to continue to pursue any and all means to increase the mental abilities of human beings, due in part to the need for highly-intelligent men and women who will confront unimagined conditions in the distant future.

At the beginning of the novel, the reader is introduced to Charlie in the first-person…… [Read More]

Netflix Strengths Weaknesses and Recommendations to This

Netflix: Strengths, Weaknesses and Recommendations

To this juncture, Netflix has been extraordinarily successful based on its singularity within the industry. Currently, Netflix relies on its more than 26 million subscribers, who have had access to video rentals and unlimited streaming movies beginning at just $8.99 a month. As the first service provider of its kind, Chiu (2007) reports, Netflix was able to establish industry partnerships that give it unique access to content and advertising channels. Chiu reports that "from the very beginning of its entry into the market, Netflix understood the importance of making partner- ships with the movie industry, the electronics industry, and retailers[1]. Netflix's name was spread widely through promotions with complementary products, such as DVD players and movie websites.

Its immediate success and its greatest strength would be based on the nature and convenience of its service, which has given users access to a wide range of…… [Read More]

Ethics in Technology

Ethics in Technology

Business - Management

The purpose of this paper is to highlight and present the ethical issues that are involved in using modern technology. The paper highlights some of the current ethical issues faced by computer users that are due to unethical practice and lack of proper ethical policies by different businesses. The paper pinpoints the causes and gives recommendation on how the current issues can be minimized. A portion of this paper also consists of lawsuits that have recently occurred due to unethical practices adopted by businesses.

Ethics in Technology

We live in a modern era, the era of modern technology and innovation. Our lives are encircled by modern creations. These technology and advancement have surely brought comfort and ease in our life but unfortunately, the use of modern technology has also given rise to many ethical problems out of which few are a topic of discussion…… [Read More]

Security Risks Associated With Mobile Banking When

security risks associated with mobile banking?

When it comes to mobile banking, the most significant security risk is being hacked. People do occasionally try to hack into bank computers, but it is often easier to hack wireless devices and networks. When a person does his or her banking on a mobile device, the potential for people to be able to hack into it is greater than it would be on a more secure device, such as a home computer. Additionally, the places where mobile devices are used makes them vulnerable when it comes to banking. For example, using a mobile device at home on your personal network with password protection is a relatively safe thing to do. Using a mobile device on an open Wi-Fi connection in the local coffee shop is much more dangerous, because these types of networks are not protected and it is easier for people to…… [Read More]

Role Metaphors Play Helping People Understand Concept

role metaphors play helping people understand concept artificial intelligence? Do agree brain a -called meat machine? What metaphors applicable function human brain

There is presently much controversy regarding the concept of intelligence and the way that it influences individuals. In order to assist the masses in getting a better understanding of intelligence, the human brain, and the relationship between them, society has come up with a series of metaphors. Present-day technology has made it possible for individuals to interact with tools that work similarly to the human brain, thus making people think that the brain actually works as a very advanced computer that has a certain amount of storage space, a particular processing speed, and that is overall more or less capable of performing certain tasks.

Metaphors are sometimes used as a means to address the masses, considering that they are more likely to gain a better comprehension of some…… [Read More]

Shortest Path Using Antnet Routing

An agent-based state engine also alleviates the need for frequent database queries and the use of time-consuming pointers that drastically drag down ms access times and erase any optimization gains from first defining the network. The antnet agent-based engine only on exception writes back to a database and instead keeps its own table-based approach to mapping the network while synchronizing the key elements suggested for inclusion to antnet agents within this section.

Taxonomy creation algorithms and shared intelligence approaches to ensuring all ants have perfect knowledge of the network's structure (taxonomy). This is critical as antnet routing needs to include the ability not just map, but learn specific networks' characteristics and either equate the network structure and behavior to previously-learned models, or quickly create one through a series of network definition routines that scope, classify and optimize the network structure.

Support for Directed Diffusion data elements. Included within an antnet…… [Read More]

Bioinformatics Machine Learning Snp Mutation

Machine Learning Method in Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics involves an integrated approach involving the use of information technology, computer science to biology and medicine as professional and knowledge fields. It encompasses the knowledge associated with information systems, artificial intelligence, databases, and algorithms, soft computing, software engineering, image processing, modeling and simulation, data mining, signal processing, computation theory and information, system an d control theory, discrete mathematics, statistics and circuit theory. On the other hand, machine learning entails a sub-division of artificial intelligence and operates with technical skills to permit computers to adapt to certain responses and initiate actions (Zhang et al., 2009). Machine learning entails a range technical knowledge that looks at the scientific application of search engines, natural language processing, bioinformatics, medical diagnosis and cheminformatics, analysis of the stock market, game playing and computer vision.

The development of machine learning has been as a matter of necessity given the fact that,…… [Read More]

Business Select a Particular Web

An expert system that takes into account the constraints of schedules, previous commitments to training and programs that the post office employees must participate in on a periodic basis would all need to be taken into account. A constraint-based expert system would be able to optimize the staff levels, where a rules-based expert system would continually need to be updated to reflect the latest status and schedule of each person.

A c.

Identify potential criminals in an airport.

The use of an advanced AI system would be required specifically for this application as the many attributes, factors, variables and weightings of these specific data elements would need to be analyzed in conjunction with one another.

A d.

Investing in the stock market.

Actually these are systems in each of these categories specifically used for investing in and forecasting various aspects of the stock market. From decision support systems that can…… [Read More]

Turing and Searle Response

Turing and Searle Response

(a) Alan Turing would answer the question as to whether or not Amy should punish her child for insulting the intelligence (quite literally) of Siri by stating that she should punish the child. There are two principle reasons as to why Turing would advocate this point-of-view. The first is that Turing believed that computers and machines were capable of intelligence. In fact, he posited the viewpoint that one of the points of confirmation of the intelligence of these types of inanimate objects is whether or not they could pass his Turing test, in which an interrogator decides which of two sources, one a person and the other a computer, is an actual human (and therefore capable of intelligence). This assignment states that Siri is able to pass such a test, which greatly implies that Turing would ascribe a significant degree of intelligence to that machine and…… [Read More]

Chinese Room Properly Translating the Chinese Room

Chinese Room

Properly Translating the Chinese Room

John Searle's thought experiment concerning the "Chinese Room" attempts to disprove that so-called "strong-AI" (artificial intelligence that demonstrates "true" thinking and "understanding") could ever possibly exist. The argument is relatively straightforward: Searle imagines a computer running a program that allows it to communicate in written Chinese -- the program is capable of recognizing Chinese characters that are entered into it and of formulating a response in written Chinese that makes sense and appears conversant. This program is so perfect that it can convince a native Chinese speaker that the responses, generated solely through a series of complex rules or algorithms that the computer/program uses to react to the Chinese characters it receives as input, are coming from an actual human Chinese speaker. Next, Searle imagines that if he were placed in a room with this computer and if written Chinese communications were slipped…… [Read More]

Fuzzy Logic-Based Control of Manufacturing Processes

Fuzzy Logic-Based Control of Manufacturing Processes

Enormous advances in technology have made everyday life much easier. New developments within control systems have allowed for greater empowerment for individual devices, which often takes the burden off of the user. Among the many new technologies based on artificial intelligence, Fuzzy Logic Control System is the most popular and most applicable system. Almost in all domains, Fuzzy logic has a broad application area. It is safe to say that we can replace all control-based systems by Fuzzy Logic Control System. FCLS can be used in a great variety of commercial and industrial applications, showing its strength and prominence as a new technology prompt for future innovation.

Fuzzy Logic is a principle within artificial intelligence that is based primarily off the notion of logical reasoning that humans use daily in the context of the normal everyday lives. There are a number of instances where…… [Read More]

Supplement Evaluation

vitamin and mineral supplement products which are presently used, and compare and analyze its' amount of nutrients with the generally established nutrient guidelines per day, specifically by considering the RDA or AI and UL of the nutrients in question as related to women from 19 to 30 years of age, together with evaluating the daily use of those two products of choice.

The first supplement brought into question is Caltrate 600+D3, whose quantity of nutrients in a single tablet amounts to 800 IU of vitamin D3 and 600 mg of calcium. According to a 2010 re-evaluation of dietary reference intake, the Council for Responsible Nutrition agreed that the adequate value of calcium nutrient for women aged 19 to 50 falls between the AI of 1000 mg and the UL of 2500 mg (Dickinson, 2012). Thus, the recommended dose of one tablet of Caltrate 600+D3 per day would provide 60% of…… [Read More]

Forward -- Choosing Revolution Chinese

Like many women, reflecting the new egalitarianism of her background, she was a true soldier, caring for the sick, hauling supplies, and providing vital services to the Red Army.

Xianren undertook her mission with a clear sense of ideological motivation, but for many other women, their choice was less conscious. While it was true that the famine was epidemic in China at the time, given the gradual shift to commercialized agriculture that deprived so many peasants of their livelihood, there is little doubt that it was far more difficult for girls. Women such as Ma Yixiang led far bleaker lives. Yixiang came from abject poverty and was blamed for the death of her siblings by her superstitious mother. She was forced to work off her father's debt as a child (Young 83). Yixiang was 'sold' for a year and a half to another family and mistreated so badly she ran…… [Read More]

Frankenstein Terminator 3

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and James Cameron's Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines have come to occupy similar positions in American popular culture -- largely, for their iconic appeal -- but they are also comparable in more subtle ways. Specifically, each tale depicts the emergence of human nature within entities that superficially seem nonhuman. Frankenstein's monster and the T-101 both come forward as compelling and sympathetic characters because they learn and express themselves in terms that human beings are able to understand. The T-101's apparent progression from a methodical killer into an unwavering companion within the Terminator movies is mirrored by the monster's progression from an infantile murderer into a sensitive literature aficionado. Additionally, it is significant that both are brought into creation through clandestine scientific practices; thus, similar themes surrounding the T-101 and the monster make themselves apparent. Essentially, both characters represent the volatile nature of too much knowledge: they…… [Read More]

Individual Evaluation of the Completed Process by

Individual Evaluation of the Completed Process by Answering the Following Questions:

Catchball is a concept called Hoshin Kanri. After the Second World War, Hoshin Kanri was a system to create policy management in Japanese companies. 'Hoshin' is a Japanese word that means pointing the direction and 'Kanri' means control. (Ten Step, 2003) The process is complex in the sense that the management creates the policy or attempts to create a goal. In this case it was to create the 'electronic housemaid'. This requirement often translates to many actions from all participants and thus the peers in the team throw a 'catch-ball' to the staff or various participants who then respond to these questions or propositions and the analysis of the response evinces further questions and so on until all issues are sorted out. This method was used in the project which was a software project to create an artificial intelligence…… [Read More]

Technology Decision Making Effect of Technology Decision

Technology Decision Making

Effect of technology decision making

Technology has been growing over a period of years due to globalization. All individuals, organizations, and even the society as a whole have been affected by the information and communication uprising. This has even changed their lifestyles. The Information is readily available in the computers mostly through internet technology and telecommunications. The Organizations are able to build their information systems in a variety of formats. A System may be defined as a sequence of functional components which are connected by communication links showing or demonstrating purpose and objective directed performance (Kampov 2010). However, it is important to analyze and discuss systems, informatics theories and DIK model. The paper will also discuss the role of expert system in nursing care, use of decision aids and also the decision support systems. There will be discussion on how the effect of technology on decision making…… [Read More]

Consciousness There Are Numerous Technical Intricacies to

Consciousness

There are numerous technical intricacies to neurobiological research. The human brain is a completely intricate mechanism and holds numerous neurons. This creates problems in studying consciousness particularly in comprehending how brain processes trigger human consciousness, and how the brain realizes consciousness. The major aspect of perception is that for every conscious condition, people experiences some qualitative disposition to that state of being consciousness. In this regard, this paper assesses the disparity amid semantic and syntactic knowledge. The paper also highlights the disparities between knowledge content and form, and ascertains the effects of knowledge content and form when evaluating the intelligence of a machine.

Introduction

Consciousness refers to the state of being responsive towards ones setting. It is the state or condition of wakefulness where one is able to recognize some inner thoughts or feelings or external objects. Scores of philosophers have tried to understand the temperament of consciousness and…… [Read More]

Impediments to Integration of Business Analytics With

Impediments to Integration of Business Analytics With Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management Data

Business Analytics

Impediments to Integration of Business Analytics

The consumer is out to emphasize that 'he is the king'. Accordingly, his demands for enhanced quality and timely deliveries of the products' order by them has revolutionized the management gurus to evolve new business strategies to enhance the intensity of coordination and communication between the seller and the consumer. Two key business strategies that have evolved from this exercise are business intelligence and knowledge management, which have contributed effectively to the progression of new and competent management strategies. Great benefits have also been achieved in for form of cost reduction, thereby increasing the sales and profitability of the organization.

Information routing is a critical link between the production department up to the client and the optimal course of production steps are directly related to business intelligence and knowledge…… [Read More]

Social Technological Bi in the Organization

Network and Business Intelligence: Discussion Locus and Political Hotbed

The objective of this study is to examine why the implementation of BI in an organization in the context of total social-technical system is more efficient and effective than the traditional way of implementing BI in the context of social subsystem alone.

Business Intelligence is reported to as a professional discipline to "prescribe organizational and technological interventions aimed at providing timely, accurate information to the right people, at the right times, to enable and improve business decision making." (Clark, nd, p. 1) This is reported to be situated "firmly within the domain of decision support systems (DSS) and scarcely an academic paper or vendor sales-pitch fails to mention BI's power to impact decision-making." (Clark, nd, p. 1) However, there is still little comprehension of how the tools and strategies of BI impact decision making.

Components of Business Intelligence

It is reported…… [Read More]

Effects of the Internet Computers on Life

Internet on Life

Why the Internet is the Most Useful Invention of our Generation

The Internet is the most useful invention of our generation. The accumulated effects of the Internet include significant contributions in the areas of education, the creation of jobs and furthering of professions, and an exponential increase in the amount and variety of entertainment for leisure time. It is the intent of this paper to evaluate the pros and cons or advantages and disadvantages of the Internet in the areas of education, professional and leisure activities.

Advantages of the Internet in Education

There are a myriad of contributions the Internet has made to education, in addition to the many innovations occurring today in the context of individualized instruction. The development of e-learning management systems for example, which can unify an entire semesters' worth of work together into a sequential, well-defined series of steps, has shown significant potential…… [Read More]

Can Computers Think

Computers Think

Computers are programmed to think

Thinking is defined as the ability to make sense, represent, model, or interpret the world a person experiences. Thinking also allows humans to make predictions in regards to their world. To an organism that has needs, desires, and objectives', thinking is helpful as it enables the organism to make plans in order to accomplish these goals. Using this definition we can see clearly that computers are not organism and, therefore cannot posses the ability to think. Computers have the capability to make predictions, but the predictions made by computers have been programmed by humans. Humans who required equipment that can assist in analyzing their thoughts and predictions developed programs to be used by computers. Without human intervention, the computers would not be able to model, represent, or interpret any information.

It is assumed by a majority of people that computers have the capability…… [Read More]

Hiring the Right People for the Job

Human Resources is an important part of any organization: it serves as the oil that helps the business's engine come to life. The parts all depend on the guidance, training, foresight, initiative, and diligence that HR staff exercise. HR is responsible for new hires, making sure the right persons are placed in the right roles, overseeing training, and providing assistance to employees seeking to discuss issues at the workplace. HR puts a human face and human touch on what can otherwise seem like a mechanical, highly impersonal and formalistic business world. Stress can be caused by impersonal factors -- such as disconnect between workers and management, or multigenerational outlooks that conflict and lead to negative feelings and will. However, stress does not have to been as an obstacle because it often points to underlying issues that need to be addressed, and in this sense should be viewed as an opportunity…… [Read More]

Is it Moving to Fast

Technology: Is it Moving Too Fast?

Technology is reshaping the way people live their lives today in profound and sometimes unexpected ways. Indeed, the concept of using something new is always frightening for some people, and even the proponents of technological solutions caution that they can actually do more harm than good when they are not used in appropriate and meaningful ways that justify the investment required to apply them in the workplace. Nevertheless, the trend is unmistakable and the spread of technology is growing, and many businesses may "leap before they look" in order to avoid behind left behind on the race for success on the Information Highway. In order to achieve the best return on investment in technology, then, it is important to understand just what it is and how it can help the ordinary individual or business become more successful. To this end, this paper provides an…… [Read More]

Cosmic Order Design Our World Result Super-Human Intelligent Ordering

Cosmic order Design "Our world result super-human intelligent ordering." Defend dispute reference: Bostrom,

Prior to determining an argument for whether or not the world at present is the result of some sort of super-human intelligence (which could take many forms and different manifestations), it is important to denote just what is indicated by the concept of a super-human intelligence. Namely, it is vital to indicate that such an intelligence does not refer to the ecclesiastical or to theology in any sort of way. Although virtually any layman might consider super human intelligence to be a synonym for God, this entity is generally referred to as a force and an eternal, omniscient being beyond human comprehension. The term intelligence, however, distinctly pertains to man and functions at the organism level, and may be used to refer to other species of creatures (such as chimpanzees, aliens, etc.). Once supernatural factors are omitted…… [Read More]

Drones Unmanned Aerial Systems Uavs

This category can further be divided into six subgroups namely; short-range, medium range, long-range, close range, endurance, Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The long-range UAVs are technologically more advanced as they use satellites in order to overcome the communication problem between the UAVs and the ground stations. This communication problem is generally caused by the curvature of the earth. The medium, short and close range UAVs can operate in limited space majorly because of the lack of satellite communication systems. The Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) can be used for forty hours at a distance greater than three thousand kilo metres. They can also be used to fire precision guided missiles. An example of the Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) is 'Predator'. (Cavoukian 2012, 6)

c. Strategic Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

With the increase in altitude the weight, flight range and endurance of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles…… [Read More]

Value of Training Employees in an Organization

Training Development: Evolution of the Design

Training Development: Evolution Desing

Training Development: Evolution design

Training Development: Evolution design

Training and development of employees is an activity that is performed by the Human resource. It is aimed at enhancing the performance of groups and individuals in an organizational setting. Training is focuses on evaluating the performance of an individual while carrying a given task (Brown, 2002). Training and development is the practice of providing workshops, mentoring, coaching, training and other learning opportunities to workers so as to inspire, motivate and challenge them to perform tasks assigned to them. Training and development provide workers with tools of enhancing their professional developments and effective working with families. This increases their knowledge and building the personnel capacity to carry out tasks associated with the positions assigned to them in the organization. This report endeavors to explain about the evolution of training and development as…… [Read More]

Apocalypse Concerning the Apocalypse in Art of the Technological Era

Apocalypse of Art in the Tech Era

Modern Apocalypse Art and Technological Aspects

The purpose of this paper is to examine modern art, in particular that which is referred to as "apocalypse art" and further to examine the interactions between art and technology. Specifically this paper will look at the new dimensions that technology has contributed to the rendering of art as well as what contribution or impact that art has rendered to technology.

The methodology for this study is through examination of several of the artists as well as scholars who are in some way interconnected in this process of producing apocalypse art.

The question that seems to weigh on the minds of those who view the modern "apocalypse" art exhibits asks:

Has this artist attempted to achieve the effect of shock or is the artist attempting to convey some deeper truth?"

London's Art Gallery featured an exhibit entitled…… [Read More]

Tour Operator Agency Database

Tour

Databasing Inquiries

Design a data model that will conform to the following criteria:

• Propose an efficient data structure that may hold the tour operator's data using a normalization process. Describe each step of the process that will enable you to have a 2nd Normal Form data structure.

The database in question provides sufficient data for operational consistency but the redundancy of certain data impedes the general efficiency of the system in place. Therefore, normalization is a major priority for the tour operating company. Specifically, the database is overburdened by duplicate customer records, each of which is created at the time that a new tour is booked. This denotes that the system is decidedly inefficient in presenting data on the whole of our customer base.

First, we propose the use of framing as a data structure as a way of refining the representation of data. According to the text…… [Read More]

Duality of Love the Principle

But it was from the difference between us, not from the affinities and likenesses, but from the difference, that love came: and it was itself the bridge, the only bridge, across what divided us" (Le Guin).

The "love" referred to in this quotation that arose between the female Estraven and Ai stemmed from distinctions of gender, since it originated due to the attractive nature of Estraven as a woman and of Ai as a man. However, this love actually transcends mere gender, which is evinced by the fact that the love is not sexually consummated in a physical form, but is rather consummated in an unconditional form of love that is the basis of the "friendship" that arose between Ai and Estraven. This love is perhaps the ultimate expression of the loyalty and fidelity that Estraven always demonstrated towards Ai, and which now is finally reciprocated by the latter. So…… [Read More]

Expert Systems and Neural Networks

Expert Systems and Neural Networks

The Development and Limitations of Expert Systems and Neural Networks

The human experience demands a constant series of decisions to survive in a hostile environment. The question of "fight or flight" and similar decisions has been translated into computer-based models by using the now-famous "if-then" programming command that has evolved into the promising field of artificial intelligence. In fact, in their groundbreaking work, Newell and Simon (1972) showed that much human problem solving could be expressed in terms of such "if-then" types of production rules. This discovery helped to launch the field of intelligent computer systems (Coovert & Doorsey 2003). Since that time, a number of expert and other intelligent systems have been used to model, capture, and support human decision making in an increasingly diverse range of disciplines; however, traditional rule-based systems are limited by several fundamental constraints, including the fact that human experts…… [Read More]

Voice Technologies the Past Standards

Currently, all the traffic among the different units passes via the novel centers and because of this Grant Thornton was also capable of reducing most of the fixed point-to-point circuits which had linked nearly all of its units. The savings made throughout its 50 units was a phenomenal $300.000 annually for the entire company. Besides, with the complete elimination of the long-distance costs, Grant Thorton was able to make a savings of $30,000 on a monthly basis. (Understanding VoIP: Leveraging Technology for a Competitive Edge)

The importance of Voice Internet Protocol technology is appreciated all over the world throughout huge as well as middle level companies and embracing of Voice Internet Protocol is just an issue of time. A short analysis of the Roadmap as well as Heat index data evolved from the Wave 2 of a Networking research has spawned certain exciting findings regarding the technology preferences of the…… [Read More]

Home and Community-Based Waiver Services

The majority of communities in Alaska are separated by vast distances and the distance from many communities to the nearest medical facility is equivalent to the distance from New York to Chicago (Indian Health Service Alaska Area Services, 2011).

A study funded by AOA examined issues affecting access to home- and community-based long-term-care services among AI/ANS. Study results indicated that home healthcare was one of the most frequently needed services among AI/ANS. Further, 88% of the services sometimes, rarely, or never met the need, and 36% of services were rarely to never available (Jervis, Jackson & Manson, 2002). Only twelve tribally operated nursing homes exist in the U.S., and these rely predominantly on funding from Medicaid and tribal subsidies. Many tribes would like to have nursing homes but are blocked by state certificate-of-need requirements, Medicaid licensing requirements, and lack of commercial financing. The lack of alternate medical resources, whether private…… [Read More]

Cross Culture Perspective

Global Organization Researching Cultural Issues -- Amnesty International

Cultural relativism is the contention that "…human values, far from being universal, vary a great deal according to different cultural perspectives," and that human rights -- though they must be protected whenever that is possible -- are often difficult to secure in a culturally diverse world (Ayton-Shenker, 1995). Every human being has the right to his or her culture, including, according to Ayton-Shenker, the right to "…enjoy and develop cultural life and identity"; however the right to one's culture is "limited at the point at which it infringes on another human right."

This paper delves into how Amnesty International approaches cultural issues -- the internationally recognized moral right every culture has to practice its political, religious, and social traditions -- through its interactions with many governments and cultures outside the United States.

Amnesty International -- Cultural Issues it Inquires Into

Amnesty International…… [Read More]

Watson the Philosophy of Watson

This is only using the mind as a metaphor for intelligence, however, which would again be a problem for James and would also be a problem from an ontological perspective. In order to consider whether or not Watson has a mind, and indeed whether or not any computer could ever have a mind, a consideration of Gilbert Ryle's thoughts concerning the nature of the mind is very much needed. Ryle asserts that the misunderstanding of the split between the mind and the body that has been a philosophical problem since at least the time of Rene Descartes arises because people misunderstand the nature of the mind by equating it with the body. Though the body is part of what Ryle calls the "deterministic system" of the world and though people have tried to explain the mind using the same deterministic system, what is meant by "mind" in this sense has…… [Read More]

Robotics How Close Are We to Creating a Bionic Man

Robotics: How Close Are We to Creating a Bionic Man?

While the creation of a 'bionic man' similar to the Six Million Dollar Man of the 70s television series or the gun-slinging robot of Westworld may still be the realm of popular sci-fi, technology has developed to a stage where we are closer to such a possibility than ever before. Some of these technologies include robotics, the development of organic polymers that could be used as artificial muscles, nano-technology, and artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper we will review the latest developments in the relevant technologies to find how close we are to developing a 'bionic man.'

Apart from the availability of the required technology, one of the factors that would eventually determine if (or how soon) we are able to develop a bionic man is -- the urgency or need for such a development. This is because technology does…… [Read More]

Robots Can Have Consciousness and

That being said, until a robot or computer has the capability of adding to its information on its own (or learning and developing without the aid of human interference), the idea of artificial intelligence is fictional.

David Chalmers writes in his paper ("How Can We Construct a Science of Consciousness?") that it has become possible to think that we are moving toward a genuine scientific understanding of conscious experience. In the paper, Chalmers compares both third-person data and first-person data and talks about how both need some sort of explanation. Based on this paper and others I've read by Chalmers, I believe he would be in support of robotic consciousness to a certain extent. Chalmers often remains subjective in his findings and in the information he presents.

Australian Philosopher David Armstrong, however, strongly defends the identity of mental events and argues the objective of reality in relation to scientific realism.…… [Read More]

Robotics the Popular Concept of Robots Has

Robotics

The popular concept of robots has been colored by stories of mythical mechanical beings dating back to antiquity, and fictional robots (remember "R-2 D-2?") depicted in popular science fiction movies such as the Star Wars. Robotics, however, is a serious technology that deals with the design, construction and operation of robots that are used in numerous applications ranging from industries that require accurate and repetitive tasks (such as the car and computer manufacturing industries), dangerous tasks such as diffusing of bombs, and other chores that cannot be performed by humans, e.g., carrying out research on far-away planets, or walking inside live volcanoes. These present-day applications of robotics are bound to grow in future with the development of state-of-the-art technologies such as ever-faster computers, artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology. In this essay we shall examine the subject of robotics in detail. While doing so we shall see what robots are…… [Read More]