Bailouts Essays (Examples)

hen such biases enter into the decision-making process, they eliminate some potential courses of action.

Related to bias is the illusion of validity. The biased parties envision an outcome that they would like to see and work backwards to justify their chosen course of action. That course of action may not lead to the outcome at all, but biases leave to the view that it does. Therefore, bias guides us to actions that do not result in the outcomes we have imagined. Alongside bias, the illusion of validity reduces objectivity. The parties making the decision cannot be truly objective if they have biases; nor can they be truly objective if they already believe they will have success. hat this does is eliminate the possibility of the worst-case scenario. By mentally eliminating some of the possible outcomes from consideration, the analysis of the situation becomes distorted.

As a result of these…

Bailouts

The current recession was precipitated in large part by all Street, which fuelled an asset bubble in the housing market and repackaged bad loans as good ones. One of the initial consequences of the bursting of that bubble was that the banking system became unstable. This situation led to the first all Street bailout in September, 2008. This bailout was priced at $700 billion and was intended to stabilize the financial system, in effect stabilizing the economy (Stout, 2008). hile the bailout has ultimately proven to cost less than $700 billion as the result of strong returns (Onaran & Leondis, 2010; Faler, 2010), the plan did not have the desired impact on the American economy at large. hile the banking system was more or less stabilized, the GDP shrank and unemployment soared. These are the primary impacts on Main Street and they were not impacted by the all Street…

In some ways, the AIG bailout is viewed more favorably -- bonuses not withstanding -- in part because of the ownership stake. ith a substantial, profitable business the taxpayers may yet break even on AIG. ith the automakers, taxpayer ire is higher because there is little chance that this will happen. The government has less control over the automakers, and as a result there is less likelihood that the industry will reform itself sufficiently. Even if it did, the taxpayers would not see any benefit since they have no stake.

In light of this, the government treatment of the auto industry compared to financial institutions seems reasonable. Both have received bailouts, in proportion to the amount of damage that would be wrought on the U.S. economy if they failed. The lack of ownership stake in automakers makes for more public application of leverage than with AIG, were the 80% ownership…

GM Chrysler Bailouts

Government Bailouts of Chrysler and General Motors

An Examinations of the Factors that Led to the Bailouts, the Terms of the Bailouts, as well as a Discussion of the Current State of the Arrangement

The global financial crisis of 2008 worked to decimate many sectors of the economy. The government responded with quick action and intervened as they saw fit. However, from the beginning, there has been a debate over whether it was the right course of action for the Treasury and the Bush and Obama administrations to use the 2008 Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) money to support the struggling auto manufacturers. The financial support to General Motors and Chrysler, which was actually made in part by both administrations, represented a large financial investment on behalf of the United States tax payers. Although the results of this intervention are heavily contested, it was found that there…

Government Bailouts

Bailing out American capitalism in the present depression was far more expensive than most of the public will ever realize, especially since many of the costs were deliberately hidden. This Great Bailout was much larger than the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP), which went to the large banks, insurance and automobile companies. All but $50 billion of this has been paid back, but that was only one small part of the bailout. Governments concentrated on bailing out the banks and corporate elites rather than creating public works and jobs programs as Keynes would have recommended, and the costs in low wages and high unemployment for the working class and middle class was at least $5 trillion. Wall Street is profitable and the bankers are getting their bonuses, but ordinary workers and consumers at the lower and middle levels of the economy are suffering the worst conditions since the…

" This German form of mercantilism has been labeled as called "predatory" by other European economists and officials. Thus Germany bears some of the burden for the decimation of Greece's economy, and that of other European states, to begin with.

During its bailout of Greece, Germans banks do not have to incur any costs. In fact, German banks are buying high-interest bonds that are effectively guaranteed by the euro-zone governments. The best part of this plan for the banks is that German taxpayers are guaranteeing the interest and the amortization. While only time will tell if this plan works in the long run, it is appears successful enough to implement in a second country, if necessary. Thus a continued bailout is not only in the best interest of the EU, it is also in Germany.

Finally, providing funds for others states to get out of debt is the only way…

hat is less certain is the benefits of the bailout -- those can only flow from taking advantage of the bailout to restore credit markets and prevent a repeat of this financial crisis in the future.

orks Cited:

Baker, Dean. "Subprime Rescue Plans: Backdoor Bank Bailouts." (2008): 9 pages. EconLit. EBSCO. 10 May 2009

Mishkin, Frederic S. "How Big a Problem is Too Big to Fail?" (2006). 18 pages. Journal of Economic Literature. Vol. XLIV (December 2006) pp.988-1004.

Glasberg, Davita Silfen, and Dan Skidmore.. "The Dialectics of hite-Collar Crime: The Anatomy of the Savings and Loan Crisis and the Case of Silverado Banking, Savings and Loan Association." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 57.4 (Oct. 1998): 423-449. EconLit. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 10 May 2009 .

Manchester, Joyce, and arwick J. McKibbin.. "The Macroeconomic Consequences of the Savings and Loan Debacle." Review of Economics and Statistics 76.3 (Aug.…

Ethics, Values, Social esponsibility

Bailout of Banking Industry in United States

Ethical Compliance by Banking Industry

It is quite common in American history that government comes for the rescue of companies and organization in the time of financial crisis. General motors' acquisition was one such example where saving GM meant saving the nation. When Government takes measure for the welfare of any segment of the economy, it then becomes responsibility of the organizations that they comply with social responsibility and ethical standards so that it should respond to its social character and use the benefits provided by the government in the honest fashion. The recent bailout of banking sector by U.S. government, and the misappropriation and misuse of these funds, have raised a big question mark on the compliance to ethical standards by the bank.

United States government has a long history of bailing out its financial institutions. Some of…

Auto Bailout

In the years leading up to the auto industry bailout, all of the so-called Big Three automakers were struggling. They had been losing market share for many years as more import companies had entered the American market. Some of these companies, notably Honda and Toyota, were able to deliver better cars at lower prices, putting the Big Three at a significant competitive disadvantage. hile the automakers had some good years, by the last 2000s they were losing money. They did not have competitive products, and were saddled with substantial retirement costs. These companies had tens of thousands of employees at one point and need to pay retirement benefits to those workers; the problem is that there are fewer workers today because of automation to cover those benefits. The automakers headed for bankruptcy, and successive contract restructurings with the unions had failed to reverse the trend. The federal government…

S. lawmakers have passed a $700 bailout bill to buy troubled assets from banks in hopes that they will start lending again. it's almost ironic that the government is encouraging more of the very same thing that caused the problem in the first place. It seems that the government will do anything it can to continue to fuel the consumption-based economy even though Americans are awash in debt. Further, there's no guarantee that banks will respond in the way lawmakers intend them to given that they will no doubt be held more accountable for their lending decisions and the precarious condition of the economy that makes lending more risky. For all these reasons, the bailout is a misguided policy effort that will not address the fundamental causes of our current economic downturn.

ibliography

aker, D. (2008, February 14). Own to rent? Yes we can. Center for Economic and Policy Research.…

At the core of the economic argument is Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction. In his seminal economic work, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Schumpeter (1942) argued that innovation is the process by which economic growth occurs. At times, this means that old, established technologies and companies must be destroyed, but that the net effect will be beneficial. This sentiment runs counter to the theory that the economy would be better off if GM were saved. The economic costs might be high today -- the $150 billion or more figure is not disputed -- but that in the long-run the benefits would outweigh these costs.

In a later elaboration, it was demonstrated that big business turnover specifically resulted in smaller government, stronger rule of law, less bank dependence, stronger shareholder rights and greater transparency (Fogel et al., 2008). Bailing out General Motors therefore harms the economy because it stifles growth and innovation,…

Greece Bailout

oadmap

The Greek government has faced an ongoing fiscal crisis for the past several years. ecently, for the third time, its Eurozone partners have been compelled to offer a bailout to the country. This is done to stabilize Greece's finances and to impose further measures on the Greek government to remedy the nation's budget and to ensure that there are no similar issues in future. The first part of the paper is a brief overview of the situation. The second part will outline some of the key issues that lead both to favor the bailout and to oppose it, and finally there will be analysis and a conclusion about whether or not bailing out Greece is the right thing to do. It will be argued that it is not, at least in the current form.

Background

There are several key issues at work with the Greek bailout. Greece…

Political leaders in charge of this decision will not take into consideration only the effects that a possible bailout might have on the automakers. They will take into consideration the macroeconomic effects and challenges that are expected to emerge in case the bailout is approved.

The symbolic frame probably has the least importance regarding this subject. In case the bailout will not be approved, the cultural or symbolic aspects related to the big automakers affected by this situation will not have the strength to clarify the situation.

2. The important lesson provided by the organizational behavior consists in improving organizational effectiveness. This lesson should be important for all the managers or aspiring managers and it should always be taken into consideration when deciding upon important aspects that affect the organization in case.

Effectiveness and efficiency must characterize all types of organizations, private, profits oriented ones, but non-profit and governmental organizations…

Conclusion
If AIG would not have been helped by the Federal eserve, it is more
than obvious that the financial group would have declared bankruptcy.
Although the bailout reached an enormous sum, the action was justified.
Given the current market conditions, an eventual collapse of AIG would
contribute even more to the fragility of the financial market. Also, it
would have led to a reduction of public wealth, and it would have reduced
economic performance.
The opinion of U.S. taxpayers is that the AIG bailout was not
justified. For them, it did not seem fair that they should pay for the
mistakes made by financial corporations' CEOs and by the defective policies
and strategies practiced by financial groups.
There are two sides to this issue, one opposing the other. U.S.
citizens have strongly declared themselves against the bailout. Their
pressure determined the country's officials to reject financial saving
plans initially.…

It was irresponsible for banks to operate from a position of absentee management, and the careless ownership enabled reckless conduct from their "agents" who ran the day-to-day operation. While some blame must be placed on the public for continuing to spend at outrageous rates, the bank itself promoted and enabled such activity. Blankfein's argument that no one had been arrested is irrelevant since the issue at hand is whether the financial industry was responsible, not whether bank officials should be arrested. Banks made profound miscalculations concerning interest rates and loans, and should have been aware that their business practices were not feasible toward long-term success (Murphy).

Issue 7 places the theories of authors oger Lowenstein and obert Samuelson against one another. Lowenstein contends that government should bail out economic institutions; however, he does not argue that bailouts are necessary in order to assist the careless companies, but instead asserts that…

Social evolution to rapid revolutionary change and contemporary globalization dynamics: Emphasizing the an Analysis of Global Economics.

An article that recently appeared in The Korea Herald, "U.S. And Germany stress cooperation" details a visit to Germany by U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, who met with his German counterpart to discuss the financial crisis that has enveloped Europe as of late. The context for this meeting was important, as the European Union's currency, the Euro, has consistently been devalued in the past few years and several countries that are part of this alliance (17 altogether) are contemplating various measures in which the currency and the economic solidarity of the EU could be saved.

The crux of this article, which directly correlates to Hans-Werner Sinn's opinion editorial, "Why Berlin is Balking on Bailout" actually has less to do with the meeting between the two financial heads of the U.S. And Germany and…

all Street Bailout -- Part II

all Street Bailout

The government-orchestrated bailout of the banks has been hailed and yet also condemned due to its perceived efficacy or lack thereof. Jeffrey Fuhrer suggested a path that was a lot cheaper and perhaps a lot less encouraging and propagating of the bad habits of banks and government entities that led to the crisis. This alternative, of course, was the individual homeowner bailout. Indeed, bailing out homeowners directly would have cost a mere fraction of what it did indeed cost to bail out Citibank, ells Fargo and the other banks. However, neither solution alone has a clear advantage over the other when looking at all relevant circumstances. hile doing a homeowner bailout would have had its merits, doing just the bank or homeowner bailouts individually probably would not have been as effective as doing them both in concert.

Analysis

This report will…

Such problems are not overcome easily, but in time and with sustained efforts. To better understand my standpoint of defending the bailouts, consider what would have happened had the TAP never been implemented. All of the companies would have commenced bankruptcy procedures and the millions of workers they were employing would have been fired. At a first level, the state would have had to offer those former employees social aid. Then, the national purchasing power would have decreased even more, to impact the national demand and the national production. Also, the country's competitive position within the global market would have decreased dramatically. Overall then, while the bailouts may not have been fairly and efficiently allocated and while they did not revive the economy immediately, they did prevent it from taking an even more damaging turn.

eferences:

Haugen, D., 2010, Bailout Money Should Not Be Used to Pay Executive Bonuses, Detroit:…

Yet, today, they sell only about 47% and this market share loss has accelerated over the past decade (Sullivan, 2008). The major issue, according to Sullivan, is the inability of the ig Three to effectively compete with their more efficient and market savvy Japanese rivals, even on their home turf. Opponents of the auto industry bailout feel that placing more money into a failed business strategy makes no sense and that everyone is better off if the free market, not the federal government, choose the winners and the losers in the economy (Moran, 2008). The end result of the auto bailout could well result in a return to protectionism which could unfairly impact other American industries' ability to compete in a global market. A policy analyst at the German-Marshall Fund voices a common concern that a bailout of the auto industry has the potential "to be the torch that lights…

Conclusions -- Was TAP Necessary -- A five member Congressional committee echoed a number of criticisms regarding TAP that many consumers, academics, and fiscal analysts were considering. What exactly was the Treasury's strategy with the $700 billion dollars for the supposed bail out? How can Treasury explain the significant gaps in their ability to find hundreds of billions of taxpayer money? In a nutshell, it appears that the departments that control the money given by the Congress (from the American people) have no ability to ensure that the bailed out banks will do what was needed and lend money; have no real standards of measuring success of failure of the program; and for ignoring pointed and specific questions from Congress about their performance (M. Crittenden).

The fact that many of the institutions bailed out with TAP funds, funds from the American taxpayer, did not distribute these funds back into the…

Big to Fail

The phrase "too big to fail" is a term used to describe certain institutions that are so large, interconnected and significant to the American economy that their failure would be disastrous. Because of this perception American public policy has evolved into government support for these institutions when their frequently poor management, greed, and risk-taking behaviors put them in jeopardy.

A partial list includes: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, AIG, General Motors, Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, GMAC, Chrysler, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Bank of America subsidiaries (Countrywide), U.S. Bancorp, Capital One, Regions and SunTrust.

The issue of taxpayer funded bailouts for institutions deemed too big to fail is one of the most controversial subjects that can be brought up. Bailouts for U.S. automakers like GM and Chrysler can at least be credited with saving jobs of U.S. employees. By preventing massive layoffs, bailing out these…

Bailing out the American economy: Banks vs. mortgage-Holders

In 2008, the United States teetered on the brink of an economic crisis. If the United States were to suffer a financial meltdown, the global economy could spiral downward in a manner unprecedented since the Great Depression. The crisis had begun in the U.S. subprime mortgage market but had rapidly spread to other sectors of the economy. The remedy of the U.S. government was the creation of the TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Fund) ("Troubled Asset Relief," Investopedia, 2012). Almost every major banking institution, deemed in the infamous phrase 'too big to fail' was given some form of relief. However, homeowners who were behind on their mortgages were angry that they received relatively little support from the government even though they perceived themselves as far less culpable than the banks. Even the plan proposed by Jeffrey Fuhrer (Foote et al. 2009) on the…

To examine the causes the independent variables will be the costs associated with the production and sale of the cars, looking a both the direct and the overhead costs in the years prior to the bailouts, to assess the degree to which the firms appeared to have control over their costs. If there was a lack of control over the costs, the level of costs may be a predictor of future problems.

Definition of Terms

Before undertaking the research it is necessary to define some of the terms which will be used. The failure of a firm relates to whether a firm entered into bankruptcy. Bailout funding was the funding that was received from the government as part of an official bailout package in order to help the firm survive.

The costs will be assessed in terms of the overall costs incurred to manufacture cars; this may be the cost…

Big Fail" title a recent book a movie HBO. It refers bailout major financial institutions began 2008, time concern,, United States fall a depression aid. For purpose discussion I include bailout General Motors Chrysler.

Too big to fail

In the second half of 2007, the real estate sector in the United States of America showed the first signs of weakness. Devaluations were gradually observed and the investments made in the field came to lose value. The problem was mainly represented by the fact that the population did not afford the properties, but the financial institutions had traded in money as it had already been reimbursed. The bubble eventually burst and the financial institutions were the first to suffer the major hit.

In Too big to fail, the focus falls on the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, based on the recurrent assumption that it was this bankruptcy which onset the unfolding of…

Videos

Mayor Nutter's budget speech contained several effective elements. The mayor is delivering a challenging budget. IN order to deliver this news, he begins with two effective devices. The first is that he rallies the support of the people by pointing out that he is a leader they can trust (had an open house at City Hall) and that the people of Philadelphia had rallied to meet challenges before (picking up trash, etc.). The second effective device was that he wanted to create a sense of urgency about the situation. In order to deliver bad news, it is important that a sense of urgency is created because it compels the listener to want to act right away, as opposed to delaying action. Thus, the mayor effectively recounts how bad the recession is, and the ways that it has already had a negative effect on the national economy and on the…

Economic crash can be viewed from a number of perspectives ranging from causes and effects to the 2008 Crash's resemblance to the Crash of 1929, which began the Great Depression. This paper will consider the 2008 recession from the standpoint of the financial banking industry, which, according to economic journalists like Matt Taibbi (2010), played a major and significant role in the crumbling of the nation's economy -- just like it did in the Lawless Decade also known as the oaring Twenties.

Big Banking Meets Big Government

What has now become known as the Era of De-egulation actually had its beginnings in the 80s decade known just as much for its rampant excess as the early 20s were known for their unbridled lawlessness. Yet, while the latter enjoyed the snubs-to-the-law bootlegging speakeasies, the former enjoyed the merging of the financial sector with the political -- which began during eagan's tenure…

Fiat / Chrysler -- Leadership - Teambuilding

The Chrysler merger with Fiat was met with skepticism and doubts when it was first proposed. Chrysler had just recently emerged from near bankruptcy -- saved by a U.S. government bailout -- and Fiat is a strong internationally respected corporation building cars, earth-moving machines, and more. The merging of Chrysler and Fiat was seen as having a greater opportunity for success than did the merger between Chrysler and Daimler-Benz, but still there were doubters in the industry. However, as of May, 2012, the blending together of the two companies (Fiat and Chrysler) has produced a profitable situation. This paper examines the cultures -- and leadership -- shown within the two companies, a strong combination that has allowed success to be achieved. The paper also critiques the leadership styles in the dynamics of this merger, and delves into the concept of teambuilding when two…

Boom in Busts: Good or Bad?

There are several pros and cons in the bankruptcy legislation issues. In the current European systems, entrepreneurs forced to file for bankruptcy protection carry business failures and associated debts for years, may be liable to criminal charges and may even be driven to suicide by crushing failure and ongoing debt (Peng, 2014, p. 145). Those consequences and the "fear of failure" rampant in Europe causes some entrepreneurs to abandon their ideas without ever trying to develop them. The "advantage" of the current system, however, favors the creditors because creditors are still supposed to get paid; the money owed to them does have to be simply written off as losses (Peng, 2014, p. 145). The American system, which gives bankrupt entrepreneurs two options -- either complete liquidation and walking away from debt or restructuring to renegotiate with/pay creditors according to court-approved schedules -- also has…

nature project, sources information plan, important concepts techniques applied. You receive feedback proposal Instructor Week 6, give time make adjustments.

Proposal for new strategic endeavors of production, pricing and resource utilization at Ford Motor Company

In the context of the global economic recession, the American automobile industry faces demise. Out of the three main players in the United States, Ford Motor Company has rejected the bailout from the government and has focused its strategy on internal restructuring. As part of this effort, the future project would set out to provide some recommendations of how the company can reshape its production, pricing and resource utilisation strategies in an effort to create more value for the organisation.

Introduction

With the commencement of the 2007 economic crisis, the American automobile industry has been facing endless challenges. The number of customers has decreased, as has their purchase power and the subsequent demand for the…

fiscal and monetary policy.

On the most basic level, the primary difference between fiscal and monetary policy is that fiscal policy pertains to the actions of the federal government designed to influence the national economy through government spending and taxation while monetary policy refers to the actions of the central bank to govern the money supply. Tight or restrictive monetary and fiscal policy is used to curb inflation; a liberal monetary and fiscal policy is used as an economic stimulus (What is the difference between fiscal and monetary policy, 2002, As Dr. Econ).

2-Compare and contrast Keynes and Hayek

According to Keynes, it was sometimes necessary for the federal government to take a role in managing the economy, to correct the ebbs and flows of the business cycle. During severe recessions consumers became wary about losing their jobs, stopped spending money, and this further curtailed economic growth. Eventually, more and…

Macroeconomic Analysis

Economically, recession is described as a significant drop in economic activity over a short period of time usually a few months (bbc news, 2008). Gross Domestic Product (GDP), household income and other macro-economic indicators drop while others such as unemployment and bankruptcy rises. ecession can be caused by many factors e.g an external trade shock or the burst of an economic bubble such as the United States housing bubble. Most governments deal with recession by applying expansionary macroeconomic policies like reducing interest rates and increasing government spending. By lowering interest rates, governments hope to entice business into expanding.

Fiscal policy refers to the use of the government taxation (revenue collection) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy of a country. The changes in the two key pillars, revenue collection and expenditure influence macro-economic variables such as aggregate demand, resource allocation pattern within the government and the distribution of…

Mill and U.S. Constitution

None of the issues being raised today by the Occupy all Street (OS) movement are new, but rather they date back to the very beginning of the United States. At the time the Constitution was written in 1787, human rights and civil liberties were far more constrained than they are in the 21st Century. Only white men with property had voting rights for example, while most states still had slavery and women and children were still the property of fathers and husbands. Only very gradually was the Constitution amended to grant equal citizenship and voting rights to all, and even the original Bill of Rights was added only because the Antifederalists threatened to block ratification. In comparison, the libertarianism of John Stuart Mill in his famous book On Liberty was very radical indeed, even in 1859 much less 1789. He insisted that individuals should be left…

fall 2007, the United States economy was rolling along in a healthy fashion having enjoyed 24 consecutive quarters of positive Gross Domestic Product growth. The Standard and Poors Index was over 1,500 and unemployment was below 5%. There was essentially no inflation. These were all good numbers and normally indicative of a health economy (Bloomberg Business eek).

Roughly 12 months later everything had changed. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson surprised everyone by announcing that the Government was intending to intervene in the U.S. economy by holding reverse auctions where the troubled assets of several domestic financial institutions would be bought (Landler). As matters worsened quickly, the proposed auction concept was expanded to the point that the Government would actually purchase equity positions in some of the country's largest banks. The argument offered by Paulson was that such measures were needed to stabilize the troubled financial markets, avoid bank failures, and prevent…

2007 Economic Crisis on American Car market

Effect of the 2008 global economic crisis on automotive industries

Crisis in the United States

Crisis in Canada

Crisis in ussia

Crisis in European markets

Crisis in Asian markets

Effects by other related crisis events

In this paper, we will review the effects of 2008 global automotive crisis. Our main focus will be on the American car manufacturers and the negative impact they suffered due to the crisis. We will also have a look at how this crisis had affected car manufacturers in other major markets around the world notably Europe, Canada and the prominent Asian markets such as China and India. Finally, we will look at some of the other factors which were important to this event namely the energy crisis since the cost of fuel is directly related to the car industry.

Introduction

The automobile industry is a very important part…

" To that end, the Treasury Department would limit executive compensation for institutions receiving "exceptional assistance" (Geithner and Summers, 2009).

Troubles continued in the financial sector -- both Citigroup and the Bank of America needed second rounds of capital infusions, and federal guarantees against losses totaling tens of billions more -- while Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, warned that more capital injections might be needed to further stabilize the financial system. On Jan. 16, the Senate voted 52-42 to release the second round of funds (Gerth, 2009).

THE GEITHNER PLANS -on Feb. 10, Mr. Geither presented the rough outlines of the Obama administration's plan. A central piece of the proposal would create one or more so-called bad banks that would rely on taxpayer and private money to purchase and hold banks' bad assets. Another centerpiece of the plan would stretch the last $350 billion that the Treasury has…

Conclusion

Overall the automobile industry must make a more concerted effort o behave in ways that are consistent with accepted business ethics. From a utilitarian standpoint the automakers must begins to consider the consequences of their actions in the decision making process. At the current time Toyota is fighting to rebuild its brand image because the company6 did not thoroughly take into consideration the consequences of their actions. From a deontological standpoint the automobile companies have failed to act in ways that are just as it relates to the bailout and the recall of defective vehicles by Toyota. Going forward the companies that make up the industry must learn from the issues they have been confronted with in recent years. It is only through such a process that the entire industry will reflect a more ethical business model. An increase in ethical responsibility will likely prove effective attracting customers back…

Economic Environment

The economic environment of Greece is that of a capitalist economy, but with significant public sector contribution – about 40% of total GDP is from government activity. This speaks more to the relatively small size of the Greek private sector than to excessive government ownership of industry. Tourism is one of the major drivers of the Greek economy, accounting for 18% of GDP (CIA World Factbook, 2017). Thus Greece would be characterized as a mixed economy with some government-owned entities. Greece is a member of the EU, but has also received several bailouts in recent years, and struggles with tax collection, and overall economic development. Tax evasion ranges between 6-9% of total GDP in Greece, which makes it a significant economic problem (Georgakopoulos, 2016).

Recent Macroeconomic Data

In recent years, Greece\'s economy has flatlined. The country has received several infusions of capital from other EU countries, but there…

The U.S. is a property owning civilization and a number of the people wanted land and housing. Americans however scarcely ever create savings. "The country itself lives on other countries' savings by issuing bonds to finance its excessive consumption. The current crisis began with cheap housing loans offered by banks. Banks provided loans but instead of holding the loan in their books, they packaged them into collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and sold them to other agencies. These agencies passed them on to others and spread them globally as assets" (the Current Economic Crisis, its causes, its impact and possible alternatives, 2009).

Interest rates were lowered and housing loans went up with construction activities leading to land prices increasing. The real estate was booming, generating employment and incomes. But as the rate of interest on housing loans came down, banks started to compete to get more business. Because of low interest…

In IBM's case, the Department of Justice found that their efforts were mired in failure. Unfortunately, IBM was so central to the economic operations of Germany and occupied Europe that it was necessary to preserve IBM's role in the economy of Europe so as not to jeopardize the postwar occupation.

Part II-Present Corporatist America and Comparisons with Fascist Italy-

When the Wall Street Journal, the United States' newspaper of record for financial affairs makes an explanatory note, it gives us all pause. Gerald F. Driscoll in "An Economy of Liars" takes aim at both the Obama and George W. Bush administrations when he speaks about the present economic reality and asserts "We call that system not the free-market, but crony capitalism. It owes more to Benito Mussolini than to Adam Smith ("An Economy of Liars" 2010)."

If a communist agitator on the proverbial soapbox spouted this statement, it could be…

Business: International Business

International Business: Business

The IMF often provides financial assistance to ailing economies after a crisis to enable them return to their pre-crisis levels of income. However, whether or not these bailout programs are able to achieve this objective is dependent on a number of factors. This text reviews the recovery processes of four European countries to obtain a view of what these factors are.

Currency Conversion

dollar = 102.28 Japanese Yen (¥); 0.75 Euros (€); and 0.6 British pounds (£)

Converting $1,500 into:

Japanese Yen

=$1,500 X 102.28

= ¥153,420

Euros

= $1,500 X

= € 1,125

British Pounds

= $1,500 X

=£ 900

What is the price in U.S. Dollars of purchasing:

A computer costing ¥167,000

= ¥ 167, 000/¥102.28

= $1, 632

Euro desks/chairs costing €1, 125

= €1,125/€0.75

=$1, 500

iii) Printer costing 575 Pounds

= £575/£0.6

=$958

Part Two: Effects of the Global…

They will only respond to outcomes that they feel directly. Thus, the government's actions are not having the desired impact on consumer behavior.

A disagree with the government's approach. The interest rate cuts are particularly worrisome. The massive cuts in the early 00s helped to spur the crisis because they had a profound impact on the money supply and helped to restore consumer confidence. Cuts of the same magnitude have been implemented now, but without the same results that were seen in the early to mid 00s. orse yet, if those results were seen, we could find ourselves in a repeat of the housing bubble. If something spurs a surge in consumer confidence, for example a strong holiday retail season, this could help convince banks to loosen their credit. ith the low rates, the market would once again be flooded with capital. This would spur a resurgence in the housing…

Sorkin, however, posits no argument per se. ather, his book offers insight into how the financial crisis manifested from a far more personal perspective of those involved than anything else. The book is informative in nature, and give insight into some of the thought processes and activities those on the outside may not otherwise be exposed to or privy to. The title of the book sums it up best, and the book outlines how the banks and the primary players and stakeholders have become too big to fail. The book highlights the self-interest of those in charge of some of the biggest financial institutions in the world and their blatant disregard for Main Street.

The book has a place in the larger academic debates raised within public knowledge because it adds to the public's real knowledge of those involved in the nation's financial industry and government offices. Instead of speculating…

What the Occupy Wall Street movement is doing, is questioning the entire system itself.

A good example of this can be seen with the Occupy Wall Street Oakland chapter. What happened was the city had removed their camp near City Hall Plaza. This is in response to reports of: deaths, drug use and unsanitary conditions. At the same time, the resources of the police department were stressed to the point that they were unable to deal with possible issues affecting the safety of the community. This is when the police raided the encampment and dispersed the protestors from the area. In response to what was happening, the Oakland chapter decided to begin occupying foreclosed homes and privately owned vacant lots near City Hall Plaza. As, they are trying to illustrate how: the risky activities of bankers contributed to the financial crisis by staying in these locations. This is significant, because…

In Marx's view, equality extends in terms of distribution, where there is no private ownership, but where the government manages all goods for the supposed good of all citizens. Hence, equality extends not in terms of power, but in terms of material goods, which is managed by a centralized government. Hence, the bailout plan is ideal, with the government taking possession of the company and allowing its former owners to manage it in a way that is beneficial for its survival and the employees who depend on it for their survival.

I believe that the bailout should have been done. Like many other companies, GM was in financial trouble. Since the government was in a position to provide assistance, it is right that they should have done so. However, I tend to be in agreement with Locke and Smith that the government should not have taken permanent ownership of any…

The world's largest economy has seen much since the financial crisis of 2008 began the role toward the precipice in terms of the all Street corruption. Transparency president Nancy Boswell maintains that it is an "integrity gap "(Graham, 2010).

However, this author will identify a different issue. Indeed, this author's view is very long and will take a historical approach in order to prevent another Great Depression, the Congress under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt separated all Street investment banks and regular depository banks. This took away the potential to make incredible profits from trading mortgage-backed securities whose ratings were artificially high. These encouraged banks to take what otherwise would have been intolerable risks in the form of bad loans that were later termed "toxic debt." Under this regime, people were obtaining home loans too easily (known derisively as "liars loans") and that exacerbated the decline once it started (Krugman).

In…

Economic Crisis Policies

US current economic crisis is considered to be started from real estate sector. The real sector started to decline in 2006 and it accelerated in 2007 and 2008. Housing prices have fallen from the peak from about 25% so far. The decline in prices left homeowners with no option and they were unable to refinance their mortgages and causes default of mortgages. This default of mortgages and loans swallowed the banks and financial markets such as falling of Lehman's brothers and other anks and blow to rest of economy happened as the whole economy was relying on banks and ultimately it slows down investment in the country and capital flows to other parts of the world like China and India. ank losses cause reduction of bank capital which in turn requires capital reduction thus saving bank from lending. It is estimated that every $100 loss and reduction…

Business Ethics Decision Making using Kidder' Ethics Check Points

Identification of the relevant facts

Identification of the moral issue 2

Potential for harm

Determination of the moral agents

The "trilemma" options

Test for right-versus-wrong issues

Application of resolution principles

The Decision

eflection of the decision

Identification of the relevant facts

In this case examination, we consider the case of the bailout of General Motors by the U.S. government in 2014. This is based on a report published by news agency euters on April 30, 2014, titled "U.S. government says it lost $11.2 billion on GM bailout." It is revealed in the news report that U.S. government lost $11.2 billion when it bailed out General Motors Co through its selling of the government shares in GM in December the earlier year. More than $50 billion was used to bail out GM from the brink of the company's 2009 bankruptcy ("U.S. government…

While they still mention the financial artifice used by the company to repay the loan with other TAP money, they look at the issue from an accounting standpoint and explain the logics of the move.

Each of the three authors inserts himself in the story line and concludes his work with his own interpretation. Ed Morrissey for instance argues that the massive usage of governmental funds forces GM to increase the transparency of its dealings, which is in fact a positive aspect. Gillespie on the other hand is more sarcastic and, for consumer safety, states his hope that the engineers and technicians are better trained in mathematics than the CEO. The editors at Consumerism Commentary state that the severity of the solution found by General Motors is not that dramatic as argued by others. "It does look bad if a company appears to use TAP funds to pay off a…

Still, the future stated goal of GM is to develop an electric or hybrid version in all of its existing brands lines -- Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick and GMC.

Outcome of changes

GM's most notable success has been overseas, where it is currently ahead of all of its competitors in the rapidly expanding Chinese market. "While GM is outpacing Ford in overseas competition, GM cannot solely depend on China for growth. While the emerging market contributed to GM's global recovery last year with 2.3 million in sales, it may not experience the same momentum this year [2011] because the Chinese government has ended incentives on small cars and rural purchases" (Benedicto 2011). Still, evidence of GM's health is seen in the fact that it recently announced that it will issue profit-sharing checks this month for hourly workers, the largest in a decade (Vlasic & Bunkley 2011:1). Talks with the UAW will…

Despite the fact that it also required heroic efforts on the part of Congress and the President, Time even gives credit to Bernanke for the $700 billion Troubled Asset elief Program (TAP) (Grunwald 2009, p.4).

Many, if not most of these decisions were profoundly unpopular and cost both the Obama and Bush Administration as well as Congress a great deal of political collateral. The relatively isolated Bernanke did not have to suffer such a risk in the court of public opinion, and even today critics of these policies ask: what of moral hazard? Supporters of the TAP and other aggressive government measures would counter that worshipping at the altar of moral hazard, caused the fall of Lehman Brothers and the freezing up of the microcredit market in the first place. But once the expectation of bailouts are created, one bailout tends to lead to another -- the bailout of Bear…

Aspiring Intern

Current PAC-10 Consulting Management

REF.: The AIG Rescue

As the global financial crisis began to unveil, all of the financial institutions with positions on the market that exposed them to the crash began to feel under pressure. AIG was one such company, where a combination of credit swaps and other esoteric financial instruments weakened its position and its capacity to remain competitive on the market in the face of the financial losses such instruments generated. As of the that point, the U.S. Administration, usually in the form of the Federal Reserve or the Treasury Department, intervened with significant bailouts for many of these companies, including AIG, which received $85 billion in exchange for a 79.9% stake in the company

This memo will aim to briefly analyze the pros and cons of the governmental intervention, briefly analyze the future implications of this intervention and determine whether or not this…

The second recommendation I would make with respect to external communications is that Liddy adopt more stringent measures than the government has insisted upon with respect to spending controls. The government has set out some measures, but AIG should be tougher than that. This would demonstrate a sense of culpability on the part of the company for the fact that the situation it is in is of its own making. A major component of the public's offense is that it feels cheated in the deal. Taxpayers, many of whom are feeling the sting of economic hardship themselves, are insulted that they have been called upon to bailout a company that then pays six and seven-figure bonuses to its executives. Most of the people contributing tax dollars to those bonuses will never see money like that in their lives. Liddy has the luxurious advantage of not being directly responsible for the…

History of the euro can be traced back as far as World War II when European leaders agreed that economic ties could promote growth in Europe (Martel). As a result of the Bretton Woods (New Hampshire, USA) agreement of 1944, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) opened for business in 1947 and a fixed rate of exchange was set between the U.S. dollar and other world currencies, based on the gold standard ("Euro Timeline"). Between 1951-1952 on the initiative of obert Schuman and Jean Monnet of France, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was founded by six countries: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands and West Germany ("Euro Timeline"). The ECSC would become the basis for the future "Common Market" (EEC, EC) and European Union (EU) ("Euro Timeline"). On March 25, 1957 the same six countries signed the Treaty of ome, thereby creating the European Economic Community (EEC) and the…

Using a timeline from the peak of new housing construction to the present day, the following occurred. GDP growth slowed, followed by a three-quarter recession and slow growth has resumed on the other side of that recession. The unemployment rate skyrocketed, more than doubling in a short period of time, and has lingered at high levels for over a year. The rate of inflation fell well below the Fed's target rate, this despite aggressive expansionary monetary policy. The federal government, whose budget had previously oscillated between monthly surpluses and deficits, has been in deficit every single month -- and deeper deficits than every before -- as it has taken several fiscal policy measures to contain the economic damage. This evidence makes the clear case that steps should be taken to avoid a repeat of this housing crisis in the future, since the economic impacts are uniformly negative and in many…

" (Moseley,
1)
From a project management standpoint, delegating these funds is a
significant concern. The recent history of government financial
mismanagement, has caused the public some rightful wariness as these
massive bailout plans come to fruition. The Obama Administration must
devise a strategy which ensures that these bailout funds are designed to
protect American homes, stimulate job creation and help to improve the
infrastructural stability of the nation. The administration has the
unenviable task of prioritizing the countless areas of civil life in which
the U.S. is currently struggling with debt and the erosion of resource.
This requires a management approach that is informed by crisis planning and
intervention theories.
Another way to successfully plan the delegation of funds and resources
as yielded by the bailout is through information systems management.
Modern IT Systems such as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system
allow users to enter in a complex…

There is little indication in Ford's financial statements that things are going to improve any time soon. The company actually hailed the 14.2% market share in North America as "the lowest market share decline in the past ten years" (Ford Motor Company, 2009).

Ford's financial position is nothing short of awful. The company's condition has deteriorated steadily over the past five years, and its performance relative to industry peers is generally poor.

Appendix a

Ford Motor Company

Financial Ratios

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

Industry

Analysis

Liquidity Ratios

Current Ratio

1.67

1.7

1.51

1.8

1.75

1.1

Good

Quick Ratio

1.56

1.59

1.41

1.68

1.63

0.8

Good

Efficiency Ratios

Inventory Turn

15.87

15.16

15.73

14.93

13.42

7.6

Good

Receivables Turn

1.47

1.47

1.4

1.54

1.49

8.1

Poor

Avg Collection Period

Fixed Asset Turn

5.12

4.76

4.43

4.34

3.97

Total Asset Turn

0.67

0.62

0.57

0.66

0.58

0.8

Bad

Leverage Ratios

Total…

"Management believes that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods."

ased on the data retrieved and the projections made, the accounting division will proceed to the development of the consolidated statements for all of GM subsidies and the overall group. There are 24 consolidated statements, as follows: Discounted Operations; Asset Impairment; Investment in Nonconsolidated Affiliates; Marketable Securities; Variable Interest Entities; Finance Receivables and Securitization; Inventories; Equipment on Operating Leases; Income Taxes; Property - Net; Goodwill and Intangible Assets; Other Assets; Accrued Expenses, Other Liabilities and Deferred Income Taxes; Long-Term Debt and Loans Payable; Pensions and Other Postretirement enefits; Commitments and Contingent Matters, Stockholders' Equity; Earnings per Share Attributable to Common Stocks; Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management; Fair Value of…

Spain

As of late 2010, rumors in the financial community persist that Spain is going to be the next Eurozone nation to suffer an economic crisis. Spain's high unemployment rate, coupled with a lack of economic recovery and being unable to adjust interest rates due to its participation in the euro, has resulted in a rapid appreciation of interest rates in Spanish sovereign debt in recent weeks amid speculation in the bond markets that Spain will be unable to meet its obligations (Krugman, 2010; Krause, 2010). The Spanish economy, it would seem, has been suffering in recent years and that suffering is not expected to end any time soon.

For a company looking to do business in Spain, the current situation is certainly cause for alarm. The economic fundamentals of the country look troubling, and there are significant structural reasons why Spain will not be a good place in which…

ecession

Effect of the recession on upon financial market, the real economy and over everyday lives

ecession is defined as the economic slowdown or decline characterized by slowing down of trade, a magnitude decline in the GDP, and a decrease in employment usually lasting between 6 months to a year. This was the situation in the U.S.A. The hardest times being from 2008 through 2009 and the early months of 2010. America is still recovering from the effects of the recession that the country experienced from 2007 to 2009.

The slow down in economy triggered a massive job loss and unemployment rates that shot through the roof, the prices went up and a great deal of uncertainty rippled through the country. This situation has now seen a reverse trend albeit at a slower rate than was expected by many. The unemployment rate in November 2011 fell by 0.4% to 8.6%…

usiness

US has faced acute economic crisis since 2008. Present economic crisis started from the downfall of housing sector which lead to the financial crisis such as bankruptcy of Lehman rothers (at that time fourth largest investment bank in the U.S.A.) and bankruptcy of largest insurance in world, the AIG (which were later saved by introducing bailout packages by U.S. government) which further collapsed production and unemployment plummeted. It is usually termed that it is the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. (Moseley, 2009)

Even though Fed Reserve claims, the crisis has averted to some extent but the problems of unemployment, recession and inflation still prevails in U.S. economy.

According to U.S. ureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate staggers to an amount of 8.3% in February 2012. Similarly, U.S. ureau of Labor Statistics also shows that consumer price index is on upward swing in 2012. Recent wave of…