1000 results for “Behavioral Therapy”.
Behavioral therapy has its roots in basic behaviorism, the principle that human behavior can be modified through systematic training or interventions. Since B.F. Skinner first laid the foundations for behaviorism through experimentation, the methods used in behavioral therapy have changed dramatically. Behavioral therapy, or behavior therapy, is not one but a variety of approaches that psychological counselors use to help clients change their behaviors. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017) advocates the use of behavior therapy as an “effective treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),” (p. 1).
Behavior therapies are designed not just to change target behaviors but also to change the ways people feel about themselves and the world, which is why behavior therapy can improve self-esteem (Herkov, 2016). Some of the most common approaches to behavioral therapy fall under the rubric of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which is used in a variety of clinical settings. In fact, Craske…
Problem Solving: There are times when the patient can find himself in a situation, which may present problems for the recovering alcoholic. For this reason, these patients are taught a series of techniques to determine the correct solution of a given problem. The training involves a number of simulated scenarios and the patient is made to come up with moral solution to resolve the situation. This may involve the patient analyzing the situation, suggesting a way out of the situation and weighing the odds. This training helps the patients to be well equipped to come up with possible solution when the need arises.
Coping Skills Training: It is hard to undermine the value of relieving a person's psychological dependence. As stated earlier, alcohol and drug abusers are attracted to them as they find relief from them. The reason for this is the psychological acceptance that such things bring happiness and…
Reference:
ROOM, R.; BABOR, T.; and REHM, J. (2005) Alcohol and public health. Lancet 365(9458):519-530. PMID: 15705462
MOKDAD, a.H.; MARKS, J.S.; STROUP, D.F.; and GERBERDING, J.L. (2005) Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 291(10):1238-1245, 2004. Erratum in: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 293(3):298, 2005. PMID: 15010446
MILLER, W.R.; ZWEBEN, a.; DICLEMENTE, C.C.; and RYCHTARIK, R.G. (1995) Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapiests Treating Individuals with Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Project MATCH Monograph Series, Volume 2. NIH Pub. No. 94-3723. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Miller, W.R., & Pechacek, T.F. (1987). New roads: Assessing and treating psychological dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 4, 73-77.
The therapist encourages openness and honesty on the part of the patient. This parent-like role gives the therapist the power to influence the patient positively, and to interpret his self-defeating behavior and distorted beliefs about reality. The patient must be able and willing to profit from it. Since offenders are assumed to suffer from denial, lack of motivation to change, and unwillingness to cooperate with voluntary treatment, individual psychotherapy is generally thought to be ineffective. Suspicion and lack of rapport in the criminal justice context also interfere with effective use of the method. There are few reports on individual psychotherapy with sex offenders against children.
Group psychotherapy gives members the opportunity to share experiences, gain insight, learn to control unacceptable impulses, and find acceptance. Although used more commonly than individual psychotherapy, the effectiveness is unknown. There have been no replicable, controlled studies. One review found that studies were based on…
Bibliography
Barbaree, H.E. (1991). Denial and minimization among sex offenders: Assessment and treatment outcome. Forum on Corrections Research, 3, 30-33.
Brake, S.C., & Shannon, D. (1997). Using pretreatment to increase admission in sex offenders.
Conte, J.R. (1985). Clinical dimensions of adult sexual abuse of children. Behavioral Sciences the Law, 3, 341-354.
Cowden, E.L. (1970). The relationship of defensiveness to responses on the Sex Inventory.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Combat Veterans With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Although not limited to veterans, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may be the single most significant mental health risk to veterans, particularly to those veterans that have seen combat. PTSD is an anxiety disorder, which occurs after a person has seen or experienced a traumatic event including, but not limited to: assault, domestic abuse, prison stay, rape, terrorism, war, or natural disaster (Vorvick et al., 2011). In fact, PTSD is unique among psychiatric diagnosis in that it "requires a specific type of event to occur from which the person affected does not recover" (esick et al., 2008). Veterans are at high risk of PTSD because they experience war, but they also experience many of the other traumatic events that can trigger PTSD in the course of the war. PTSD can have serious lifelong effects for veterans. It can impair…
References
Byers, M.G., Allison, K.M., Wendel, C.S., & Lee, J.K. (2010). Pra-zosin vs. quetiapine for nighttime posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in veterans: An assessment of long-term comparative effectiveness and safety. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 30, 225-229.
Chard, K., Schumm, J., Owens, G., & Cottingham, S. (2010). A comparison of OEF and OIF
veterans and Vietnam veterans receiving cognitive processing therapy. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(1), 25-32.
Hassija, C.M., & Gray, M.J. (2010). Are cognitive techniques and interventions necessary? A
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Case Study
Introduction to Cognitive Behavioral and ational Emotive Behavior Therapy
In general, ational Emotive Behavior Therapy (EBT) is one form of the broader category of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Westbrook & Kirk, 2005). In principle, CBT provides a clinical psychotherapeutic approach that combines the most tested and proven aspects of Freudian psychotherapy or classic psychodynamic theory with behavior and cognitive therapy (Westbrook & Kirk, 2005). Under the CBT approach, psychodynamic concepts are applied to the types of clinical issues that clearly relate to psychodynamic roots and conflicts whereas behavioral and cognitive concepts are applied to help patients change the way that they perceive and process information and self-perceptions that play roles in their presenting problems. All forms of CBT emphasize retraining the patient to question fundamental assumptions and beliefs that are part of their underlying problems (Hoffman & Smits, 2008).
The EBT approach in particular is based…
References
Butler, A, C., Chapman, J.E., Formanc, E.M., and Beck, A.T. "The empirical status of cognitive-behavioraltherapy: A review of meta-analyses." Clinical Psychology
Review, Vol. 26, No. 1 (2006): 17 -- 31.
Hofmann, S.G. And Smits, J.A. "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol. 69, No. 4 (2008): 621 -- 632.
Westbrook, D. And Kirk, J. "The clinical effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy:
Persons with generalized anxiety disorder often worry excessively about health, money, family, or work, and continually anticipate disaster." People with GD are accustomed to approaching life as "worriers," and the disorder can be difficult to treat. They often become highly, negatively emotionally aroused when mentally imagining future events; effective treatment must deal with these stress-inducing mental images. While the idea of "generalized anxiety" may sound like a mild problem, experts have concluded that the social, emotional, and financial costs to a patient can be severe. Michael Dugas and Naomi Koerner have identified four root psychological contributors to GD that can be effectively approached with cognitive-behavioral based therapies: intolerance of uncertainty, positive beliefs about worry, poor problem solving, and cognitive avoidance. (Dugas and Koerner)
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) refers to a condition in which individuals are highly susceptible to worry as a result of negative beliefs about uncertainty in life. These…
According to New York-Presbyterian's Mental Health Glossary ( http://nyp.org/health/mentalhealth-glossary.html ), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is "a mental disorder that causes its sufferers chronic and exaggerated worry and tension that seem to have no substantial cause. Persons with generalized anxiety disorder often worry excessively about health, money, family, or work, and continually anticipate disaster." People with GAD are accustomed to approaching life as "worriers," and the disorder can be difficult to treat. They often become highly, negatively emotionally aroused when mentally imagining future events; effective treatment must deal with these stress-inducing mental images. While the idea of "generalized anxiety" may sound like a mild problem, experts have concluded that the social, emotional, and financial costs to a patient can be severe. Michael Dugas and Naomi Koerner have identified four root psychological contributors to GAD that can be effectively approached with cognitive-behavioral based therapies: intolerance of uncertainty, positive beliefs about worry, poor problem solving, and cognitive avoidance. (Dugas and Koerner)
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) refers to a condition in which individuals are highly susceptible to worry as a result of negative beliefs about uncertainty in life. These individuals have developed a belief system centered around the idea that uncertainty about any aspect of life is bad and should be avoided. Daily self-monitoring, an important component of CBT, shows a strong correlation between increased or decreased worry and increased or decreased IU. The development of IU is thought to be the result of information processing biases in these individuals; CBT is a promising treatment for people with information processing biases, since it attempts to target specific faulty thought patterns and replace them with more positive responses. (Dugas and Koerner)
In addition, individuals with GAD have a tendency to believe that worry is helpful and positive. As opposed to people who avoid worry or see it as destructive or a waste of energy, people with positive beliefs about worry view it as
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Assessment - Developing Intervention
Cognitive-behavioral therapy assessment developing intervention
This intervention addresses the case of Chaney Allen as a subject and incorporates group CBT as well as journaling. Allen's case would have been helped by community CBT because in addition to needing help on a personal level, she also needed community support -- both to help in combating her depression and addiction and in order to have emotional resources for raising her children. This Treatment Plan incorporates writing into CBT, in order to help participants process the characteristics of their addiction, change their perceptions and visualize positive choices.
Develop an assessment according to DSM-IV-TR diagnosis. In the analysis, discuss any automatic thoughts and core beliefs that Chaney Allen, possibly could have had.
Treatment Plan:
Initial assessment:
Session 1: Introduction to CBT
During this session, CBT would be explained and an overview of the following sessions would be given.…
Works Cited
A, R., McCann, M., Flammino, F., Shoptaw, S., Miotto, K., Reiber, C., et al. (2006). A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioral approaches for stimulant-dependent individual. Addiction, 267-274.
Du, Y.-s., Jiang, W., & Vance, A. (2010). Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioural therapy for Internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 129-134.
Hawkins, M. (2011). CBT-based self-help in treating anxiety. Healthcare and Psychotherapy Journal, 24-27.
Litt, M.D., Kadden, R.M., & Kabela-Cormier, E. (2009). Individualized assessment and treatment program for alcohol dependence: results of an initial study to train coping skills. Addiction, 1837-1838.
By acknowledging the validity of his emotions, Jake would learn not to be afraid of them and learn that he could express anger and embrace conflict without losing close relationships. He could be intimate with other people and express anger without the anger leading to violence.
Q5: Cognitive behavioral therapy questions the client's false assumptions about himself and the world, such as Herb's feeling that his divorce was his fault. Herb is living in the past, and dwelling on things he cannot change. The behavioral therapist would focus on Herb's core assumptions: "why was the divorce your fault? Why would things be better if she returned?" Cognitive behavioral therapy's focus on the present would make it extremely useful for Herb's inability to move his life forward. It focuses on actions and setting goals for behavior, which is useful if a client is mired in too much self-examination.
Q6.1: There is…
Cognitive
Case Analysis: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Alcoholism is a disease that many individuals face, with many suffering in silence. There are a number of persons diagnosed with alcoholism who find it very difficult to accept their condition. Chaney Allen was one of those individuals. She vacillated between acceptance and denial and had become powerless to her addiction. Chaney found out first hand that withdrawal from alcohol abuse has very dire consequences that may cause death if not appropriately treated. Not only is physical treatment required for many alcoholics, mental health intervention to address the psychological and emotional issues related to the addiction must also be addressed if there is to be real sobriety.
Background of Diagnosis
Chaney Allen is an African-American woman who was born in a strict CME family; the only daughter of a minister. She was one of 6 living children, with 5 other pregnancies resulting in miscarriage.…
References
Alcoholics Anonymous, 2008. 2007 membership survey: A snapshot of AA member-
ship. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
Allen, C., & Mayfield, e. (1976). I'm Black and I'm Sober. Center City, MN:
Hazelden Press.
Behavioral TheoryQ1. Name and brief description of key figure (s)Behavioral therapy is primarily associated with the figures of Ivan Palov and B.F. Skinner. In a data-href=' contrast ' class ='4' style ='color:#000;text-decoration: underline!important;' id='custom' target='_blank' href='https://www.paperdue.com/topic/contrast-essays'>contrast/a> to psychoanalytic therapy, which focuses on the internal, interior life of the client, behavioral therapy is focused upon externally directed, observable behavior. Skinner attempted to transform the evolving discipline of a data-href=' psychology ' class ='4' style ='color:#000;text-decoration: underline!important;' id='custom' target='_blank' href='https://www.paperdue.com/topic/psychology-essays'>psychology/a> into a true, observable science which could be tested with controllable variables. Behavioral therapy primarily can be characterized by three dominant approaches. First is classical conditioning, which was pioneered by Pavlov and involved conditioning a natural response to an object that otherwise would not bring forth that behavior (i.e., salivating at the sound of a dinner bell). Secondly, Skinners operant condition involved using a system of rewards and punishments to encourage highly…
REFERENCES
Stoll, J. & Brooks, J. (n.d). Behavioral therapy.
CBT represents a psychosocial strategy where psychotherapists instigate behavioral modification among clients, aiding them in tackling and altering the unreasonable views and theories potentially underlying maladaptive conduct. Such conduct is defined as socially intolerable or counterproductive conduct that stops people from properly adapting to ordinary circumstances. CBT’s chief aim is identification of maladaptive conduct and connected opinions, correction of these opinions, and their replacement by more apt views which will lead to better adaptive conduct and improved coping (Gatchel & Rollings, 2008).
In keeping with the psychiatric medical theory, CBT’s efficacy, on the whole, is governed by its ability to alleviate symptoms and the ailment in general, and improve functioning. For attaining the above objective, clients are engaged actively in a concerted process of issue resolution for testing and challenging maladaptive cognitions’ validity and amending maladaptive behavior trends (Hofmann et al. 2012)
In a nonclinical sense, how can CBT or…
The primary difference between the two however, is gestalt therapy concentrates more on the ability of the individual to make proper choices regarding their care. This theory or approach to therapy reminds the client of the connection between mind, body and spirit. The behavior approach is less concerned with the paradigm of holistic health, and more concerned with a therapist-driven approach to identifying problems and selecting appropriate solutions.
In this sense, gestalt therapy seems like it is a more effective approach, because it encourages the individual to make judgments about their health and understand the connections existing between their behaviors and emotions. Because gestalt therapy is patient-driven more so than psychotherapist drive as behavior therapy, many believe patients are able to realize relief and successful outcomes more quickly, as well as retain greater self-esteem (James & Jongeward, 1996; Palmer, 1996). If a patient wants patient-centered care that provides effective relief,…
References:
Cleland, C., Foote, J. Kosanke, N., Mabura, S., Mahmood, D. & Rosenblum, a. (2005). Moderators of effects of motivational enhancements to cognitive behavioral therapy. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 31(1): 35.
Diemer, R.A., Hill, C.E., Lobell, L.K., & Vivino, B.L. (1996). Comparison of dream interpretation, event interpretation, and unstructured sessions in brief therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(1): 99.
Fine, M.A. & Schwebel, a.L. (1994). Understanding and helping families: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
James, M. & Jongeward, D. (1996). Born to win: Transactional analysis with gestalt experiments. Cambridge: Perseus Publishing.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or (CBT) is currently the popular method to provide therapy to the client with weight control maladies. CBT is ostensibly necessary to assist binge eaters and those whom suffer from tendencies to bulimic episodes. According to Brody (2007), "Most popular at the moment is cognitive-behavioral therapy, with or without medication. Since binge eaters have highly irregular eating habits, the behavioral aspect introduces structure to their eating behavior: regular meals, including breakfast, and an afternoon snack if needed." (Brody, 2007)
apoport, Clark, & Wardle further ascribe CBT as a comprehensive methodology to address the psychological, not neurological, deficiencies with regard to how the client addresses their weight problem. According to apoport, Clark & Wardle (2000), "Cognitive -- behavioural treatment (CBT) for obesity also focuses on weight loss, but incorporates psychological strategies to promote lifestyle change. ecent reviews show that CBT programmes achieve weight losses…
Reference
Brody, J.E. (2007, Feb 20). Out of control: A true story of binge eating. New York Times, pp. F.7-F.7. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/433509755?accountid=13044
Marchesini, G., Natale, S., Chierici, S., Manini, R., Besteghi, L., Domizio, S.D., . . . . (2002). Effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on health-related quality of life in obese subjects with and without binge eating disorder.International Journal of Obesity, 26(9), 1261-1261-1267. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802073
Mefferd, K., Nichols, J.F., Pakiz, B., & Rock, C.L. (2007). A cognitive behavioral therapy intervention to promote weight loss improves body composition and blood lipid profiles among overweight breast cancer survivors.Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 104(2), 145-145-52. doi:10.1007/s10549-006-9410-x
Rapoport, L., Clark, M., & Wardle, J. (2000). Evaluation of a modified cognitive-behavioural programme for weight management. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 24(12), 1726-1726-1737. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801465
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a more current theory than classical psychotherapy. This theory is based upon the reaction of the mind to external stimuli, and how this is internalized. The cognitive reaction to stimuli then manifests as behavior. When behavior becomes extreme or destructive, it is unacceptable, and therapy becomes necessary.
Therapy focuses upon finding the stimuli that originally caused the behavior. Much like client-centered therapy, the responsibility for healing lies with the client. The therapist's role is merely to guide the client towards the target behavior. One of the ways in which to do this is to provide the client with gradual behavior modification exercises until the target behavior is reached.
The role of the subconscious is based upon habit-forming cognitive activities. Perpetual external stimuli will for example form habits. Good habits can be formed by means of gradual cognitive-behavioral therapy.
My tendency is to prefer the cognitive-behavioral theory. The…
Conclusion
Overall, the research suggests that CBT is an effective treatment for PTSD, though there definitely certain caveats that need to be raised. CBT is not entirely effective and is not necessarily more effective than certain other treatments, specifically EMD, while there is also a need for greater knowledge and understanding when it comes to PTSD and its treatment in general. As this more detailed and refined understanding is achieved, the research analyzed above and other related research will become more meaningful and more effectively situated.
eferences
Cohen, J., Deblinger, E., Mannarino, a. & Steer, . (2004). A Multi-Site, andomized Controlled Trial for Children With Abuse-elated PTSD Symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 43(4): 393-402.
Hinton, D., Pham, T., Tran, M., Safren, S., Otto, M. & Pollack, M. (2004). CBT for Vietnamese refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: A pilot study. Journal of Traumatic…
References
Cohen, J., Deblinger, E., Mannarino, a. & Steer, R. (2004). A Multi-Site, Randomized Controlled Trial for Children With Abuse-Related PTSD Symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 43(4): 393-402.
Hinton, D., Pham, T., Tran, M., Safren, S., Otto, M. & Pollack, M. (2004). CBT for Vietnamese refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: A pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress 17(5): 429-33.
Seidler, G. & Wagner, F. (2006). Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Medicine 36(11): 1515-22.
Zayfert, C. & DeViva, J. (2004). Residual insomnia following cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress 17(1): 69-73.
Cognitive ehavioral Therapy
In comparison with many different types of treatments that are available cognitive behavioral therapy (CT) has been used as a way to address a host of anxiety and depression disorders without the use of prescription medication. This is because; this approach is based on the fact that health care professionals are treating someone by: looking at how their thoughts are influencing the way that they are interacting with others. To fully understand the effectiveness of this kind of treatment requires examining the use of CT to deal with: a variety of issues / disorders, discussing the implications for treatment planning, understanding what aspects should be implemented when conducting a treatment program and the different ways that you can ensure that the therapy is useful at dealing with the objectives for each patient. Once this takes place, it will provide specific insights about the underlying effectiveness of CT…
Bibliography
Burns, D. (1980). Feeling Good. New York, NY: Avon Books.
Glossoff, H. (2005). Article 2. ACA Code of Ethics.
Robbins, A. (1991). Awaken the Giant Within. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Wilson, R. (2010). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
It also relaxes them and helps build rapport, and it can give you ideas to use for treatment...Everybody has natural resources that can be utilised. These might be events...or talk about friends or family...The idea behind accessing resources is that it gives you something to work with that you can use to help the client to achieve their goal...Even negative beliefs and opinions can be utilised as resources. (p. 451)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy also works with negative aspects of the client's life as a way to increase the positive aspects of his or her life. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a more established therapy than in solution-based therapy, although the two are conceptually twinned. The major goal of cognitive behavioral therapy is to solve difficulties that arise in the client's life as the result of the presence of behaviors and cognitions (that is, thoughts) along with emotions that are dysfunctional (Albano…
References
Jones, D. (2008). Becoming a brief therapist: Special edition. London: Lulu Enterprises.
McCullough, J.P. (2003). Treatment for chronic depression: Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy. London: Guilford Press.
Miller, S.D., Hubble, M.A., Duncan, B.L. (1996). Handbook of solution-focused brief therapy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
O'Connell, B. (1998). Solution focused therapy. Los Angeles: Sage.
Chaney Allen Cognitive-Behavior Therapies
One approach that has gained a great deal of attention, particularly in the treatment of substance abuse, is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Originating with classical conditioning and operant learning, combined with social learning theory and the role of cognitive experiences in determining behavior, CBT merges into a model that assumes most psychological and psycho-social problems derive from a fault coping or thinking process. There are, of course, any number of observable and latent factors that contribute to substance abuse, most early non-cognitive therapies focusing then on only the observable dynamics. Over time, however, research and mediation models have shown that CBT represents more of an integration of principles derived from both behavioral and cognitive theories, and allows for the treatment of a broader range of issues through social learning, cultural framing, and the appraisals, self-efficacy expectations, and individual attributions (an individual's explanation of why an event occurred)…
REFERENCES
Chaney Allen Women's Continuum of Care. (2011). The Crossroads Center. Cited in:
http://www.thecrossroadscenter.com/Chaney%20Allen%20Women 's%20Continuum%20of%20Care.htm
Allen, C. And Mayfield, E. (1976). I'm Black and I'm Sober. Center City, MN:
Hazelden Press.
CBT From the onset, it would be prudent to note that CBT has been shown to be an effective therapy technique – especially in attempts to adapt the behaviors of persons as well as alter their patters of thought. Indeed, as the American Psychological Association – APA (2017) points out, some of the concerns that CBT has been effective in addressing (as indicated by various research studies) include, but they are not limited to, “depression, anxiety disorders, a data-href=' alcohol ' class ='4' style ='color:#000;text-decoration: underline!important;' id='custom' target='_blank' href='https://www.paperdue.com/topic/alcohol-essays'>alcohol/a> and drug use problems, marital problems, eating disorders and severe mental illness.” In this text, I assess the utilization of CBT in family settings in a data-href=' comparison ' class ='4' style ='color:#000;text-decoration: underline!important;' id='custom' target='_blank' href='https://www.paperdue.com/topic/comparison-essays'>comparison/a> to its utilization in group settings. Further, I highlight some of the challenges that counselors could come across in their deployment of CBT in…
References
Peer Responses
Peer 1
Borderline personality disorder feels like one of those a data-href=' disorders ' class ='4' style ='color:#000;text-decoration: underline!important;' id='custom' target='_blank' href='https://www.paperdue.com/topic/disorders-essays'>disorders/a> that almost everyone has to some degree; that is probably why people who have it—i.e., who are diagnosed with it—are so interesting: people can relate to them. Other extreme examples of this disorder could include Holden Caulfield from Catcher in the Rye and Marla from Fight Club. I think we all probably even have friends or family members who would fit this a data-href=' diagnosis.' class ='6' style ='color:#000;text-decoration: underline!important;' id='custom' target='_blank' href='https://www.paperdue.com/topic/diagnosis-essays'>diagnosis/a>. Why is it so common? While psychotherapy would be a helpful treatment approach, I myself would be more inclined to cognitive behavioral therapy. One of the things I think people who are bipolar probably resent is being probed by a psychiatrist. They know how they are and they are not interested in exploring…
References
Labor
ehavioral Therapy vs. Freud's Psychoanalysis
Amazing advances have been made in the treatment of mental illness throughout the years (Merck, 2004). An understanding of what causes some mental health disorders has resulted in a greater sophistication in customizing treatment to the underlying basis of specific disorders. Thus, many mental health disorders can now be treated almost as successfully as physical disorders.
Most treatment methods for mental health disorders are either categorized as somatic or psychotherapeutic (Merck, 2004). Somatic treatments include drug therapy and electroconvulsive therapy. Psychotherapeutic treatments include individual, group, or family and marital psychotherapy; behavior therapy techniques; and hypnotherapy. There are many others, as well
Research reveals that for major mental health disorders, a treatment plan involving both drugs and psychotherapy is more effective than either treatment method on its own. This paper will discuss two treatment methods -- behavioral therapy and psychoanalysis -- in an effort to…
Bibliography
American Psychoanalytic Association (1998). About psychoanalysis. Retrieved from the Internet at: http://www.apsa.org/pubinfo/about.htm .
Beystehner, K. (1997). Psychoanalysis: Freud's Revolutionary Approach to Human Personality. Northwestern University. Retrieved from the Internet at: http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/beystehner.html .
Guterman, J. (July 1996). Doing mental health counseling: A social constructionist re-vision. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. American Mental Health Counselors Association. Retrieved from the Internet at: http://www.jeffreyguterman.com/writing/solution.html .
HealthinMind.com. (2004). Individual Therapies. Retrieved from the Internet at: http://healthinmind.com/english/individth.htm .
Kyle is a 42-year-old, single, Caucasian male, with 16 years of education. He works as a software programmer. Kyle reports that he is seeking assistance in helping to "kick his drinking problem." Kyle explains that his use of alcohol has gotten progressively worse over the last five years. He explains that he began drinking as a teenager in high school, but then only occasionally. He never felt that his drinking was problematic until he returned from the service and in the last five years it has gotten worse. He began drinking more regularly following his deployment in the Gulf War. As a reservist in the U.S. Marines Kyle served in Iraq and while on a weekend leave just before he was sent back to the United States Kyle was exploring a rural marketplace with several military colleagues. A bomb detonated at the market killing several dozen local civilians and one…
References
Cartwright, A.K. (1981). Are different therapeutic perspectives important in the treatment of alcoholism? British Journal of Addiction, 76 (4), 347 -- 361.
Drummond, D.C., Cooper, T., & Glautier, S.P. (1990). Conditioned learning in alcohol
dependence: implications for cue exposure treatment. British Journal of Addiction, 85(6), 725-743.
Hembree, E.A., & Foa, E.B. (2004). Promoting cognitive change in posttraumatic stress disorder. In M.A. Reinecke & D.A. Clark (Eds.), Cognitive therapy across the lifespan: Evidence and practice (pp. 231 -- 257). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Behaviorism
Compare and contrast 2 different behavioral theories/models of your choice.
Behaviorism vs. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
The father of behaviorism is widely acknowledged to be B.F. Skinner. Skinner attempted to develop an 'experimental' approach to human psychology, and based many of his foundational theories upon experiments with rats rather than humans. Skinner believed that operant conditioning was the best way to motivate individuals to adopt new behaviors, or to extinguish existing behavior patterns. "When a particular Stimulus-esponse (S-) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond" (Operant conditioning, 2012, Instructional Design). The focus of Skinner was upon externalities, rather than upon internal motivations of behavior.
For example, when dealing with someone who was a compulsive over-eater, rather than focusing on the psychological reasons the person felt compelled to overeat, Skinner instead would focus upon creating an environment that would reward healthy choices (such as buying a new…
References
Chin, Irene. (2012). An overview of behavioral theories. An Electronic Textbook on Instructional
Technology. Retrieved: http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/behavior.htm
Operant conditioning. (2012). Instructional Design. Retrieved:
http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/operant-conditioning.html
Psychology
PSYCHOLOGICAL PESPECTIVES OF BEHAVIO AND MENTAL POCESSES
The behavioral theory by Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner provides a psychological perspective that facilitates the understanding of human behavior and mental processes. Ivan Pavlov investigated the classical conditioning while Watson used experimental laboratory techniques to reject introspective theories of behavior. However, Skinner focused on behaviorism related to common sense. Despite the variability of the researches conducted, they converge on an observable conclusion that behavior forms the basis of understanding one's mental activities. Environment plays a role in determining behavior. From their findings, observing one's behavior provides clues about their mental and psychological processes. Primarily, one's behavior is determined by the association between environmental stimuli and the magnitude of pleasure and pain that result from their actions. The stimuli have a profound effect on one's psychological and mental processes. The subconscious mind stores these pleasures and pain, which affects the mental process and…
Reference
Coon, D., Mitterer, J.O., Talbot, S., & Vanchella, C.M. (2010). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Cengage Learning
Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Theories
Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral Theories
In this paper, there is going to an examination of Cognitive Behavioral and Psychodynamic theories. This is accomplished by focusing on: the two theories, their theoretical concepts, micro skills / techniques and a summary of these ideas. These elements will show how each one can address issues impacting the patient and the long-term effects upon them.
In the world of psychology, there are different theories which are used to explain how someone reacts to various stimuli. The result is that there has been contrasting ideas about the best way to understand human behavior. Two schools of thought which are very popular are the psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral approaches. (Okun, 2008)
To fully understand them requires examining each one. This will be accomplished by focusing on the two theories, their theoretical concepts, micro skills / techniques and a summary of these…
References
Larson, P. (2012). How Important is an Understanding of the Clients Early Attachments. Counseling Psychology Review, 27 (1), 10 -- 18.
Lucia, M. (2012). Therapeutic Activities and Psychological Interventions. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research, 12 (2), 118 -- 127.
Okun, B. (2008). Effective Helping: Interviewing and Counseling Techniques. New York, NY: Brooks and Cole.
Parpottis, P. (2012). Working with the Therapeutic Relationship. Counseling Psychology Review, 27 (3), 91-97
Behavioral Health Changes
Behavioral health, rehab, and detox diagnoses: eimbursement and treatment philosophy
Although mental and physical health statuses are clearly interrelated, mental health diagnoses are treated differently both on a social and institutional level. According to the AHA Task Force on Behavioral Health (2007) one-fifth of patients who suffer a heart attack are also found to suffer from major depression. Depression after a heart attack significantly increases the likelihood of a patient dying from a second attack and mental health issues and heart problems are often co-morbid (Behavioral health challenges, AHA2007:1) However, despite this 'mind-body' connection, reimbursement services have been problematic, particularly for case management services and services provided by non-physicians, but also for more standard forms of mental health care for many patients (Mauch, Kautz, & Smith 2008:2).
Patients with all forms of health insurance have faced considerable obstacles in accessing high-quality mental health care. The privately-insured often…
References
ARMS. (2013). MGH-Harvard Center for Addiction Medicine (CAM). Retrieved from:
http://www.massgeneral.org/psychiatry/services/arms_home.aspx
Barkil-Oteo, A. (2013). The paradox of choice: When more medications mean less treatment.
The Psychiatric Times. Retrieved:
Most of the research has focused on ADHD with a hyperactive component, because this poses more behavioral problems in the classroom. Also, ADHD-I tends to show less of a positive response to medication (Pfiffner, 2007). Focusing on social skills training for disruptive youths that is the usual curricula of behavioral modification programs ignored "the profound differences in attentional problems and impairments between the two major types of ADHD... those with ADHD-I have more severe alertness/orientation problems, including more symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo" or daydreaming (Pfiffner 2007). The success of the approach tailored to a specific subpopulation's need, with "less focus on disciplinary strategies and greater focus on improving homework routines, independence, and organizational and time-management skills to improve academic problems" was not only highly successful, but highlights the need for greater specificity in diagnosis and treatment of ADHD students. The randomized control study of 69 children involved using social…
Behavioural psychology in modern day has devised a number of ways to deal with serious problem areas in children with special needs and the youth. These means of treatment include rewarding admirable behaviour along with presenting corrective consequences for the undesired ones. Using skin shock as a supplementary form of encouraging positive behaviour does not meet the requirements in the torture definition of the UN Convention against Torture. Skin Shock in behavioural terms is used to mitigate the effects of an illness condition or condition. Thus, it cannot be termed as a form of torture. The application of shock on the skin for two seconds does not inflict or arouse any painful sensation (Israel, 2010).
Pros and 3 Cons Statements
esponse contingent electrical stimulation is regarded as one of the most intrusive behavioural punishment technique; it is still potentially the safest and most effective of methods. The effectiveness of the…
References
Ellawala, T. I. (2015). The Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Managing Self-Injurious Behaviours Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal at Clark,1(1), 3.
Israel, M. L (2010). Behavioural skin shock saves individuals with severe behaviour disorders from a life of seclusion, restraint and/or warehousing as well as the ravages of psychotropic medication: reply to the MDRI appeal to the U.N. Special rapporteur on torture. Retrieved 26 August 2016 from http://abcnews.go.com/images/Nightline/HT_MDRIReportResponse_2_100630.pdf
Kaufman, L. (2015). Parents defend school's use of shock therapy. N.Y. / Region. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25shock.html?_r=0
Salvy, S. J., Mulick, J. A., Butter, E., Bartlett, R. K., & Linscheid, T. R. (2004). Contingent electric shock (SIBIS) and a conditioned punisher eliminate severe head banging in a preschool child. Behavioural Interventions,19(2), 59-72.
Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive and behavioral techniques / therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT as commonly referred to encompasses several techniques. One is behavioral experiments whereby the psychologist helps the client to do behavioral experiments to test their thoughts and help them change their behavior through self-criticism and self-kindness. Second is thought records whereby the psychologist helps the client to change their beliefs through recording thoughts and their consequences. Another technique is imagery exposure which helps to provoke memories and positive emotions in the client. In vivo exposure is also another technique whereby the patient is exposed to the feared stimulus gradually in order to help them resole an issue Schacter, Gilbert, & Wegner, 2010()
The case of the fat lady
Intervention strategy for making and maintaining relationships
In order to help Betty explore and reduce her inner conflict and be able to make and maintain relationships, a cognitive…
References
Holmes, J. (2002). All You Need Is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy? BMJ: British Medical Journal, 324(7332), 288-290. doi: 10.2307/25227348
Schacter, D.L., Gilbert, D.T., & Wegner, D.M. (2010). Psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Worth Pub
Sue, D.W., Capodilupo, C.M., Torino, G.C., Bucceri, J.M., Holder, A.M.B., Nadal, K.L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Implications for Clinical Practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271 -- 286. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271
Sue, S., Zane, N., Nagayama Hall, G.C., & Berger, L.K. (2009). The Case for Cultural Competency in Psychotherapeutic Interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 525-548. doi: doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163651
Henderson
A Cognitive Behavioral Study of Steven Henderson: Case Conceptualization and Treatment Plan
Theories of Counseling
Coun510_D04
This is a case conceptualization of a 26-year-old man who experienced sexual abuse as a child and the haunting memories of the abuse have led to difficulties in his personal, social, and educational functioning as an adult. The client is experiencing anxiety, depression, problems with motivation, an inability to confide in those close to him, and difficulties in developing educational and occupational goals for himself. He complained of very low self-esteem and believes that his inability to deal with his past sexual abuse has led to these issues. The case conceptualization explores the proposed treatment of this individual's issues using a cognitive behavioral approach. Empirical evidence for the use of cognitive behavioral treatment for trauma victims is discussed. The specific issues that the individual is experiencing as a result of the abuse are…
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.-text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Beck, A.T., Rush, J.A., Shaw, B.F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression.
New York: The Guilford Press.
Cloitre, M. (2009). Effective psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder: A review and critique. CNS Spectrums, 14(1), S1, 32-43.
Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive and behavioral techniques / therapy
Cognitive Therapist Behavioral Techniques
Case of the Fat Lady
Cognitive behaviorist therapy is a blend of two therapies; cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Cognitive therapy first developed by Aaron Beck in 1960 has its focus on individual beliefs and their influences on actions and moods. Its core aims are to alter an individual mindset to be healthy and adaptive (Beck, 1976; athod, Kingdon, Weiden, & Turkington, 2008). Behavioral therapy focuses on individual aims and actions towards changing patterns in unhealthy behaviors (athod et al., 2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy assists an individual to focus on their current difficulties and relate on how to resolve them. Active involvement of both the therapist and the patient helps in identification of the thinking patterns in distort bringing into foresight a recognizable change in thought and behavior (Leichsenring & Leibing, 2007). Exploring and encouraging discussions…
References
Beck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
Burns, Kubilus, Breuhl, Harden, R.N., & Lofland, K. (2003). Do changes in cognitive factors influence outcome following multidisciplinary treatment for chronic pain? A cross-lagged panel analysis. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 81-91.
Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2007). Psychodynamic psychotherapy: a systematic review of techniques, indications and empirical evidence. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 80(2), 217-228.
Rathod, S., Kingdon, D., Weiden, P., & Turkington, D. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for medication-resistant schizophrenia: a review. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 14(1), 22-33.
EBT and Christian Principles
ational Emotive Behavioral Therapy and Christian Principles in Young Adults
The goal of rational emotive behavioral therapy (EBT) is to help people address and resolve behavioral and emotional problems so that they can lead fuller, happier, and better lives (Dryden, 2005). In many ways, Christian principles are similar, as a relationship with Jesus Christ often helps people live their lives in better ways, feel happier, and find a sense of fulfillment (Nielsen, Johnson, & Ellis, 2001). Getting the two to work together, though, can be somewhat difficult because psychology and religion have long been at odds when it comes to how issues from the past should be handled. This does not mean that psychology and religion cannot work together, though, and because there are ways to tie them together it is possible to use both to help young adults with the issues with which they struggle…
References
Dryden, W. (2005). Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in a Nutshell (Counselling in a Nutshell). NY: Sage Publications.
Ellis, A., Abrams, M., & Abrams, L., PhD. (2008). Theories of Personality: Critical Perspectives. NY: Sage Press.
Ellis, A. & Dryden, W. (2007). The Practice of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (2nd ed.); NY: Springer Publishing.
Nielsen, S.L., Johnson, W.B., & Ellis, A. (2001). Counseling and Psychotherapy With Religious Persons: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Approach; NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cog Beh Therapy
With respect to the businessman who comes to see the therapist about the problems in his marriage, there are two issues immediately apparent from the brief case history. The first is the man's unwillingness to accept any responsibility for the success of the relationship. He is immediately defensive, blaming his wife for all their problems. He claims that she is hypercritical and that she is "probably" suffering from PMS. Without getting the wife's side of the story, it is impossible to know the extent of her complaints against her husband, the degree to which she feels they need help, and the amount of effort she is willing to expend -- and has already expended -- to put the marriage back on track, if that is in fact what she wants. It is unlikely she has had a formal diagnosis of PMS. Used in this context, "PMS" is…
References
"Alcoholism: Definition." (2012). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com
/health/alcoholism/DS00340
Hodge, D.R. (2011). Alcohol treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Social Work 56(1),
pp. 21-31.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
Dialectical behavior therapy treatment (DBT) falls within the category of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Its main focus is on psychosocial characteristics. Based on the theory that emotions can trigger intense reactions in some persons (especially in family/friend or romantic situations), DBT proposes that the extreme swings in feeling can be better controlled by enabling the individual to more easily identify the kinds of thoughts and feelings that have an intense impact and prepare the person cognitively to approach these emotional surges in a new way.
Anderson et al. (2015) show that DBT can be an effective strategy for helping young patients with bulimia nervosa, but that because of limitations inherent within the treatment, it can best be applied in conjunction with family-based therapy. The rationale for this is that DBT naturally lends itself to family-based therapy, because it focuses on relationships and the individual's response to them. By incorporating…
These three seminal perspectives may possess a lot of similarities, yet each of them has contributed novel ideas that are consistent with its theoretical underpinnings. In many of the substance abuse treatment arenas, the significant aspects of all these three approaches are blended to provide for a cognitive-behavioral model that gives the best result in terms of all the other therapies. (Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy)
Three theorists who have influenced the behaviorist theories are:
1. Watson J.B. - One of the originators of behaviorism and a proponent of the reductionist approach to the study of human behavior.
2. Skinner B.F. - He was the one most responsible for the spread of the behaviorist philosophy.
3. Wolpe, Joseph. The method of systematic desensitization to deal with fear was created by him. (Theories and Theorists)
eferences
Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy." NIDA. etrieved at http://www.addictionalternatives.com/philosophy/briefcbtherapy.htm. Accessed on February 15, 2005
Bush, Winston John. (December 22,…
References
Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy." NIDA. Retrieved at http://www.addictionalternatives.com/philosophy/briefcbtherapy.htm. Accessed on February 15, 2005
Bush, Winston John. (December 22, 2003) "Learning theory: A fuller-fuller explanation of CBT" Retrieved at http://www.cognitivetherapy.com/learning.html Accessed on February 15, 2005
Cognitive Therapy for Depression" Retrieved at http://www.psychologyinfo.com/depression/cognitive.htm . Accessed on February 15, 2005
Grohol, John M. (July 21, 1995) "Theoretical Orientations and Practices of Therapists"
The choice to do so and then controlling oneself, rather than being pushed and pulled by controls beyond oneself is as difficult and heart-wrenching as being controlled by others. Likewise, reconnecting to the world is difficult if the world is feared and seen as the source of pain. Counselors teach the patients to not think of the past but to act and do directly those things that would make it positive today, finding a new connection and making a new plan. (Glasser, 2001)
eferences
Behavioral Therapy, Psyweb.com. (2006). etrieved September 5, 2006 at http://psyweb.com/Mdisord/MdisordADV/AdvPsych.jsp
Burns, D. (1980). Feeling Good - the New Mood Therapy. New York: Signet
Burns, D. (1999). Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (evised edition). New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Glasser, W. (n.d.) Choice Theory: A New Psychology of Personal Freedom, Chatsworth, CA the William Glasser Institute.
Glasser, W. (2001.) the Institute for eality Therapy. etrieved September…
References
Behavioral Therapy, Psyweb.com. (2006). Retrieved September 5, 2006 at http://psyweb.com/Mdisord/MdisordADV/AdvPsych.jsp
Burns, D. (1980). Feeling Good - the New Mood Therapy. New York: Signet
Burns, D. (1999). Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (Revised edition). New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Glasser, W. (n.d.) Choice Theory: A New Psychology of Personal Freedom, Chatsworth, CA the William Glasser Institute.
CBT
The always developing field of psychology and the tools used to develop this science, have provided many patients with much need relief. The constant evolution of the mind requires that clinical practices within mental health treatments also evolve and grow with the human race. The purpose of this essay is to discus Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), as a useful method of treating mental and psychological issues.
First CBT will be discussed in general, and useful ideas presented about the approach will be introduced. A practical example of this therapy will also be highlighted to contextualize the information. Next, this essay will address CBT can be used specifically for the treatment for depression and the issues associated with that idea. Finally, this essay will address how computerized CBT software programs are assisting in treating these types of issues.
CBT
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is simply a form of psychotherapy that…
References
Barlow, DH, Gorman, J.M., Shear, M.K., & Woods, S.W. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Jama, 283(19), 2529-2536.
Boyes, A. (2012). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Techniques That Work. Psychology Today, 6 Dec 2012. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201212/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-techniques-work
Dobson, K.S. (Ed.). (2009). Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies. Guilford Press.
Martin, B. (2007). In-Depth: Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Psych Central. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/in-depth-cognitive-behavioral-therapy/000907
A synthesis of what the studies reveal about the current state of knowledge on the question developed
The mindfulness meditation theory appears to have the potential to treat addictive disorder patients. Zgierska and coworkers (2009) state that such models seem to be safe if implemented within the context of clinical studies. One can find considerable methodological shortcomings in a majority of existing works on the subject. Further, which addiction-diagnosed individuals may derive maximum benefits out of mindfulness meditation isn’t clear. But, of late, related initiatives and practices in the role of complementary clinical aids for treating multiple physical and psychological ailments have grown in popularity. MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) and MBSR (mindfulness-based stress reduction) as clinical initiatives have specifically been analyzed, with a sound evidential pool recording their efficacy. Integration of the latter initiative’s aspects and cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive psychology strategies resulted in the former’s creation. At first,…
Behavior therapy uses rewards or reinforcements to create positive behaviors in order to replace destructive behaviors. Desensitizing is an important part of this type of therapy, where the patient confronts something they have been unable to deal with, such as a fear or anxiety, and gradually learns to become desensitized to the problem, which eliminates the negative behavior (Editors, 2006).
Basically, both therapies give the patient ways to deal with problems in their lives. The basic different between the two therapies is how they address and handle these problems. Psychotherapy attempts to give the patient ideas and tools to help them master their problems and reactions to problems, while behavioral therapy attempts to fully eliminate unwanted behaviors by desensitizing and behavior modification.
eferences
Editors. (2006). Psychotherapy: An overview of the types of therapy. etrieved from the Mayo Clinic Web site: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/psychotherapy/MH0000912 March 2007.
Little, N. (2006). Techniques in psychotherapy. etrieved…
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a form of psychotherapy that is similar to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The theory that ACT is based on is the Relational Frame Theory, which launched out of cognitive therapy, supplying missing "steps" in Skinner's behaviorism by exploring more deeply the connections between language and thought. Essentially, ACT explores the idea that what and how a person thinks is highly impactful in that individual's daily life and functioning -- and especially in how that person copes with stress, etc. But whereas CBT focuses on altering the content of one's thoughts in order to move the individual towards the target behavior, ACT focuses on changing the function of thoughts so that they do not oppress the individual. ACT, in other words, focuses on the way in which a person interacts with the interior life.
Two articles that discuss ACT are "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Introduction" by…
1. The term “depth psychology” is appropriate for referring to psychoanalysis, but not for all types of psychotherapy. Any psychotherapy that involves in-depth self-assessments through the exploration of unconscious or subconscious urges, dreams, or childhood memories can be considered depth psychology. As the term suggests, depth psychology presumes that psychological issues have deep roots, requiring a process of systematic digging. Self-awareness is only possible through an understanding of all psychic content that has been and still is being repressed or suppressed (Axelrod, 2012). Depth psychology is therefore important for persons who experienced childhood traumas, or people seeking to understand the causes of their lingering anxiety or depression. Other therapeutic models like cognitive-behavioral therapy or positive psychology do not focus on the subconscious or unconscious but mainly on manifest behaviors.
According to Firestone (2009), depth psychology has its detractors because of the long periods of time required to complete the therapeutic…
Also known as person-centered or client-centered, Rogerian therapy, it "places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a nondirective role" Person-centered therapy, 2009, Mind disorders). However, although effective with some clients: "Person-centered therapy, however, appears to be slightly less effective than other forms of humanistic therapy in which therapists offer more advice to clients and suggest topics to explore," as the client may use the therapy sessions more to complain or go over old grievances, than use the therapy to move forward in his or her life (Person-centered therapy, 2009, Mind disorders).
Another type of therapy that has radically escalated in popularity is that of family or marital therapy, which, like cognitive-behavioral therapy, tends to be focused on specific problems and of a fairly short duration. "Marriage and family therapists regularly practice short-term therapy; 12 sessions on average" FAQs, 2009, AAMFT). The…
Works Cited
FAQs about marriage and family therapy. (2009). American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT). Retrieved February 28, 2009 at http://www.aamft.org/faqs/index_nm.asp
Mulhauser, Greg. (2009). An introduction to cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral approaches. Counseling Resource. Retrieved February 28, 2009 at http://counsellingresource.com/types/cognitive-therapy/
Park, C. (2006, October 18). Best evidence summaries of topics in mental healthcare.
BEST in MH clinical question-answering service.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy- A Case Study
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) Case Study
Case report
K is a forty-eight-year female who referred to Midlothian's clinical psychology psychosis service. K has a twenty-year history of mental health conditions. She first decided to contact mental health services because of the episodes of paranoia and severe depression she had experienced. During her initial contact with the mental health services she was diagnosed with schizo-affective disorder in 1996. When she was first referred to the mental health services department she was a single. She told of having only two close relationships in her past life. She however also said that she found these relationships challenging when it came to intimate contact. She also generally described that she found it somewhat difficult to form friendships or to trust people in her life. Despite the mental health conditions her general physical well-being was good. K was prescribed…
References
Bladek, M. (2014). Against memory: Acts of remembering in Jamaica Kincaid's My Brother. Retrieved from http://criticism.english.illinois.edu/2007%20Fall%20Documents/Affect%20Abstracts/Abstracts.htm
DeJong, P. & . Berg I.K (1998): Interviewing for solutions. Thomson: Brooks/Cole.
Drisko, J. (2014). Research Evidence and Social Work Practice: The Place of Evidence-Based Practice. Clin Soc Work J. 42:123-133 DOI 10.1007/s10615-013-0459-9
Freud, S. (1924) A general introduction to psychoanalysis. New York: Boni & Liveright.
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The two hypothetical systems working on an individual's brain during the experience of addiction are complementary within and between system changes. The first counteradaptation results in a decrease in the transmission of dopamine and serotonin release during withdrawal phases of the cycle (obinson & Berridge 2001). Effectively, dopamine and serotonin transmission is artificially increased beyond the normative range during drug use, then virtually stopped once the drug has left the body. This intensifies not only the "come down" feeling but also the preoccupation anxieties associated with substance abuse as well as the existing emotional, environmental, or social vulnerability which lead to the initial lapse. Sensitization is the component of addiction which compels an individual to continually seek greater quantities of the substance (obinson & Berridge 2001). Effectively once the brain has been exposed to a chemical which alters neural transmission, the body attempts to return to a homeostatic state.…
References
1. Nesse, R. (1994). An evolutionary perspective on substance abuse. Ethology and Sociobiology, 15, 339- 348.
2. Robinson, T, & Berridge, K. (2001). Mechanisms of action of addictive stimuli incentive- sensitization and addiction. Addiction, 96, 103- 114.
3. Koob, G., & Le Moal, M. (1997). Drug abuse: Hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science, 278, 52- 58.
4. Brown, J.M., & Miller, W.R. (1993). Impact of motivational interviewing on participation and outcome in residential alcoholism treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,7, 211-218.
afternoon, light rain falling and predictions of thunder storms on the way. Client was eight minutes late to his appointment. "It doesn't matter that you're a few minutes late, I am glad to see you -- but is everything going okay this afternoon?" he was asked by therapist.
Client seems defensive when no pressure at all is put on him. First he said his watch stopped, then he admitted he lost track of time because he was into playing a new video game. He asked if video games are a bad thing and was assured that entertainment was his choice.
"Oh, also," he added. "After I was in my car I went back to my apartment to get my umbrella." Client is trying to maintain a good relationship with the therapist.
The client was sweating when he sat down, and it was humid in the room so we agreed the…
Psychology -- Cognitive theoies
Use of the Session Bidging Woksheet in Cognitive Theapy
The pupose of the Session Bidging Woksheet is to assess the client's insight and compehension of the pio theapy session (Beck, 1995). Being awae of the fact that they will be questioned concening the pevious session encouages the client to pepae fo the pesent session by eflecting on the session thoughout the week. If the client cannot emembe thei esponses o the significant concepts fom the pio theapeutic session, the counselo and client come togethe to figue out a way so that they can moe effectively ecall the elements of the pesent session. The Session Bidging Woksheet offes a way of getting this done. This is impotant because seveal studies have shown that inceased memoy and undestanding of theapeutic sessions has a diect impact on teatment outcome (Shephed, Salkovskis, & Mois, 2009). Also this technique equies that…
references. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37(2), 141-150.
Whipple, J.L., Lambert, M.J., Vermeersch, D.A., Smart, D.W., Nielsen, S.L., & Hawkins, E.J. (2003). Improving the effects of psychotherapy: The use of early identification of treatment failure and problem solving strategies in routine practice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 59-68.
Multiple studies support the use of cognitive behavioral approaches in individual therapy combined with group therapy sessions to support self-care behavior, self-efficacy and positive patient outcomes (Van der Ven, et. al, 2005; Bernard & Goodyear, 1002; Alterkruse & ay, 2000). Altekruse & ay (2000) also support the notion that group therapy may be interchangeable with individual therapy to promote positive outcomes among patients.
Conclusions
esults of the studies reviewed suggest a new approach to group therapy should include individual and group sessions that encourage patients to focus on their successes rather than failures. At this time the evidence supporting group therapy over individual therapy is conflicting. Much of the research suggests that both approaches may be equally effective. egardless many therapists still advocate group therapy as a primary modality for overcoming patient issues.
Pre-group training sessions may help members of the group adopt a new attitudes toward therapy that enables…
References
Altekrsue, M. & Ray, D. (2000). "Effectiveness of group supervision vs. combined group and individual supervision." Counselor Education and Supervision, 40(1):19.
Bernard, J., & Goodyear, R. (1998). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (2nd ed.).
Boston: Allyn & Bacon
Classen, C. (2000). "Group therapy for cancer patients: A research-based handbook of psychosocial care." New York: Basic Books.
Solution-Focused Therapy
The author of this paper is about to offer a brief literature review of what has come to be known as solution-focused therapy. Included in that literature review will be several specific topics or examples that are within the solution-focused therapy paradigm. These include the history of the theory, the use of language to help create a solution-focused therapeutic environment, the role of family history when it comes to solution-focused therapy, the shift from a problems focus to a solutions focus in a way that benefits the client, the development of a short vignette that is based on a family situation, global goals of the treatment method using the language of theory, interventions that should be used at each stage of treatment (those being beginning, middle and end) and a succinct summary of all of the above. There are certainly other methodologies that can be used when treating…
References
Carr, S.M., Smith, I.C., & Simm, R. (2014). Solution-focused brief therapy from the perspective of clients with long-term physical health conditions. Psychology,
Health & Medicine, 19(4), 384-391. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.824594
Cotton, J. (2010). Question Utilization in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Recursive
Frame Analysis of Insoo Kim Berg's Solution Talk. Qualitative Report, 15(1), 18-
Dana is a young and beautiful woman with family members that seem to constantly put her down whenever they get together. They appear to be self-centered and attention seeking. The mother has set expectations she places on her family and seems angry whenever they do not meet those expectations. For example, the mother suggested Dana get breast enlargement surgery to appease her boyfriend Matt. Her sister, Joanie also commented on Dana's appearance, making sure to let Dana know she appeared overweight or had a large rear end. These comments can and do affect people's self-esteem especially when the source of such comments are from people that person loves or is supposed to trust.
Dana takes everything and says nothing, agreeing with the remarks and feeling like she truly is overweight even if objectively people see her as very attractive. She also cannot say how she feels even around her boyfriend.…
References
Arendt, K., Thastum, M., & Hougaard, E. (2015). Homework Adherence and Cognitive Behaviour Treatment Outcome for Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders. Behavioural And Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44(02), 225-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465815000429
Gingerich, W. & Peterson, L. (2013). Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Systematic Qualitative Review of Controlled Outcome Studies. Research On Social Work Practice, 23(3), 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731512470859
Hayes, S., Levin, M., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Contextual Behavioral Science: Examining the Progress of a Distinctive Model of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy. Behavior Therapy, 44(2), 180-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002
Hofmann, S., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I., Sawyer, A., & Fang, A. (2012). The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy And Research, 36(5), 427-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
…Occupational Stress and Scientific MonitoringLiterature eview2.1 IntroductionThe definition of the term occupational stress is derived from the definition of its two constituent words. In this context, occupational refers to anything that is related to the workplace while stress is defined as a natural body reaction from physical, mental or emotional strain in an individual. Thus, occupational stress can be defined as any mechanism by which the body attempts to adapt to the workplace environment. These include normal mechanisms for dealing with workplace stress, commonly known as the fight or flight response as well as any expected or unexpected reactions in response to the workplace. These include eyestrain because of staring at computer screens for too long, emotional and physical stress, depression, anxiety, aggression, cognitive impairment such as degraded memory or reduced concentration span, etc. All of these reactions can lead to poor work output, increased employee turnover, higher absenteeism, cardiovascular…
ReferencesAdams, K and Putrino, J (2010). ‘Expressive writing to promote self care.’ Interactive podium presentation at the 11th Annual Oncology Nursing Society Institutes of Learning. Orlando, FLAkpochafo, GO (2012, Summer). ‘Perceived Sources of Occupational Stress among Primary School Teachers in Delta State of Nigeria.’ Education, Vol. 132, No. 4, pp. 826-831.Bamber, MR (2011). Overcoming Your Workplace Stress: A CBT-Based Self-Help Guide. New York: Routledge. Bauer-Wu, S (2005). ‘Seeds of hope, blossoms of meaning.’ Oncology Nursing Forum, No. 32, pp. 927–933.Biron, C., Ivers, H and Brun, JP (2016, October 1). ‘Capturing the Active Ingredients of Multicomponent Participatory Organizational Stress Interventions Using an Adapted Study Design.’ Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, No. 32, pp. 275–284.Bora, S, Chatterjee, A, Rani, P et al. (2016, November). ‘On-the-Job Stress: Interventions to Improve the Occupational Well-Being of Policewomen in Assam, India.’ Journal of International Women\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 260-265.Brown, DK, Barton, JL, Pretty, J et al. (2014, July 1). ‘Walks4Work: Assessing the Role of the Natural Environment in a Workplace Physical Activity Intervention.’ Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 390-395.Chaudhry, AQ (2012, June). ‘The Relationship between Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction: The Case of Pakistani Universities.’ International Education Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 212-216.Chitnis, D (2014, December). ‘Stress More Dangerous for Women with Heart Disease.’ Clinical Psychiatry News, Vol. 42, No. 12, p. 34.Cooper, CL (2004). Managing the Risk of Workplace Stress. New York: Routledge. Cooper, CL and Cartwright, S (1999, February). ‘Stress management interventions in the workplace: Stress counseling and stress audits. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 19-24.Cohen-Katz, J, Wiley, S, Capuano, T, Baker, DM, Deitrick, L and Shapiro S. (2005). ‘The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout a qualitative and quantitative study.’ Holistic Nursing Practice, No. 19, pp. 78–86.Ekman, E. (2015, Fall). ‘Development, Delivery, and Evaluation of a Pilot Stress Reduction, Emotion Regulation, and Mindfulness Training for Juvenile Justice Officers.’ Journal of Juvenile Justice, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 71-75.El-Kot, GA and Burke, RJ (2011, December). ‘Job Stressors, Supervisory Support and Work Outcomes among Egyptian Managers.’ Review of Management, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 10-14.Frandsen, BM (2010, May 1). ‘Burnout or compassion fatigue?’ Long-Term Living: For the Continuing Care Professional, pp. 50-54.Gyllensten, K, Palmer, S and Farrants, J (2005, March). ‘Perceptions of stress and stress interventions in finance organizations: Overcoming resistance towards counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 19-29.Gunn, RA (2013, November 1). ‘Understanding significant processes during work environment interventions to alleviate time pressure and associated sick leave of home care workers -- a case study.’ BMC Health Services, Vol. 13, No. 433, pp. 14-21.Harkness, AM, Long, BC and Bermach, N et al. (2005, April 1). ‘Talking about work stress: Discourse analysis and implications for stress interventions.’ Work & Stress, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 121-136.Hayes, C, Reid Ponte, P, Coakley, A, Stanhellini, E, Gross, A, Perryman, S and Somerville, J. (2005). ‘Retaining oncology nurses: Strategies for today’s nurse leaders.’ Oncology Nursing Forum, No. 32, pp. 1087–1090.Henry, BJ (2014, April 1). ‘Nursing burnout interventions: What is being done?’ Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 211-217.Howard, F (2008, June 1). ‘Managing stress or enhancing wellbeing? Positive psychology’s contributions to clinical supervision.’ Australian Psychologist, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 105-113.Hulsheger, UR, Feinholdt, A and Nubold, A (2015, September 1). ‘A low-dose mindfulness intervention and recovery from work: Effects on psychological detachment, sleep quality, and sleep duration.’ Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, No. 88, pp. 464-489.Jarman, L, Martin, A and Vann, A (2016, August 11). ‘Workplace Health Promotion and Mental Health: Three-Year Findings from Partnering [email protected]’ PLoS One, pp. 1-14.Jay, K, Brandt, M, Sundstrup, E et al. (2014, December 15). ‘Effect of individually tailored biopsychosocial workplace interventions on chronic musculoskeletal pain, stress and work ability among laboratory technicians: randomized controlled trial protocol.’ BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, No. 15, pp. 444-449.Kim, JH (2007, June). ‘A meta-analysis of effects of job stress management interventions.’ Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 529-539.Kinman, G and Jones, F (2005, April-June). ‘Lay representations of workplace stress: What do people really mean when they say they are stressed?’ Work & Stress, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 101-120.Kirk-Brown, A and Wallace, D (2009, March). ‘Predicting Burnout and Job Satisfaction in Workplace Counselors: The Influence of Role Stressors, Job Challenge, and Organizational Knowledge.’ Journal of Employment Counseling, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 29-33.Kowalski, R and Harmon, J (2009, June). ‘Reducing Workplace Stress and Aggression: An Action Research Project at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.’ Human Resource Planning, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 39-44.Lambert, N & Steward, N (2007). ‘Staff retreat: A journey to team building.’ Oncology Nursing Forum, No. 34, p. 501.Lemaire, JB and Wallace, JE (2010). ‘Not all coping strategies are created equal: a mixed methods study exploring physicians’ self reported coping strategies.’ BMC Health Services Research, No. 10, pp. 208-218.LeBlanc, PM, Hox, JJ, Schaufeli, WB, Tarris, TW and Peeters, MC (2007). ‘Take care! The evaluation of a team-based burnout intervention program for oncology care providers.’ Journal of Applied Psychology, No. 92, pp. 213–227.Li, J, Riedel, N and Barrech, A et al. (2017, October 18). ‘Long-Term Effectiveness of a Stress Management Intervention at Work: A 9-Year Follow-Up Study Based on a Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial in Male Managers.’ BioMed Research International, pp. 1-11.Lynott, WJ (2011, April 10). ‘You Can Defuse Workplace Stress.’ Medical Economics, Vol. 88, No. 7, pp. 25-29.Medland, J, Howard-Ruben, J and Whitaker, E (2004). ‘Fostering psychosocial wellness in oncology nurses: Addressing burnout and social support in the workplace.’ Oncology Nursing Forum, No. 31, pp. 47–54.McCraty, R, Atkinson, M and Tomasino, D (2003). ‘Impact of a Workplace Stress Reduction Program on Blood Pressure and Emotional Health in Hypertensive Employees.’ The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 365-369.Mijakoski, D and Karadzinska-Bislimovska, J (2015, September 1). Differences in burnout, work demands and team work between Croatian and Macedonian hospital nurses. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 179-183.Nilakant, V and Walker, B (2014, January 1). ‘Research note: Conceptualizing adaptive resilience using grounded theory.’ New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 79-83.Osibanjo, O and Salau, OP (2016, September). ‘Workplace Stress: Implications for Organizational Performance in a Nigerian Public University.’ Business: Theory and Practice, Vol. 17, No. 3, p. 261-265.Pignata, S, Boyd, C. and Gillespie, N et al. (2016, August 1). ’Awareness of Stress-reduction Interventions: The Impact on Employees’ Well-being and Organizational Attitudes.’ Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, No. 32, pp. 231-243.Randall, C and Buys, N (2013, October 1). ‘Managing occupational stress injury in police services: A literature review.’ International Public Health Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 413-417.Reid, JA and Romans, JS (2014, Spring). ‘Job Stress and Acculturation Strategies in African American Professionals.’ The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 24-29.Reuben, G and Chiba, M (2017, January 1). ‘An Investigation into the Effect of Leadership Style on Stress-Related Presenteeism in South African Knowledge Workers.’ SA Journal of Human Resource Management, No. 15, pp. 37-41.Richardson, KM and Rothstein, HR (2008). ‘Effects of Occupational Stress Management Intervention Programs: A Meta-Analysis.’ Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 69–93.Rinaldi, S, Fontani, V, Aravegli, L and Margotti, ML (2010, December 1). ‘Psychological and Symptomatic Stress-related Disorders with Radio-electric Treatment: Psychometric Evaluation.’ Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, No. 26, pp. 250-258.Rothermund, E, Gundel, H and Rottler, E et al. 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Difficulty of Treating Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are difficult to treat for a multitude of reasons; first, there is no 100% proven-to-be-effective method of therapy that acts as a one-size-fits-all treatment for patient. Behavioral therapy is used by some therapists; others utilize medical therapy, such as Zoloft, Paxil or other prescriptions. Psychosurgery is also an option for patients who do not respond well to either treatments, but such surgery requires literally burning part of the brain and is noted as only having a 50% success rate (Psych Guides, 2015). The bottom line is that anxiety disorders are a complicated manifestation of an underlying issue within the human psyche for which medical science only has a limited understanding.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most difficult to treat primarily because it requires a strong and durable commitment to transformative behavior therapy such as cognitive behavior therapy. In cases where patients…
References
Psych Guides. (2015). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Retrieved from http://www.psychguides.com/guides/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-treatment-program-options/
Sasson, Y., Zohar, J., Chopra, M., Hendler, T. (1997). Epidemiology of obsessive, compulsive disorder: A world view. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12(12): 7-10.
Wexler, E. (2013). Clinical neurologists: behavioral management of inherited neurodegenerative disease. Neurologic Clinics, 31(4): 1121-1144.
theory make it the most appropriate for the client in the case study?
Ana lost her job and fears that she would soon have to be homeless because there is no money to support herself. Moreover her husband has been deployed in the war zone and she has to raise their son alone which overwhelms her. She also worries about her husband all the time resulting in stress and anxiety. Ana, is a determined and strong-willed woman who refuses to seek help from her rich family. Her main stress is the lack of support which has resulted in her losing ten pounds and loss of sleep. The Rational Emotive ehavior Therapy theory (RET) is appropriate for the client because it comprises of four factors that helps in the therapy of clients. The four elements ascribed in the RET theory: a) rational, b) emotive, c) behavior and d) therapy cover all…
Bibliography
Bandura, A. (1974). Behaviour Theory and the Models of Man. American Psychologist, 859.
Banks, T. (2012). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy with Diverse Student Populations: Meeting the Mental Health Needs of All Students. Multicultural Learning and Teaching. Retrieved from Academia. Retrieved from: ttps://www.academia.edu/7361167/Rational_Emotive_Behavior_Therapy_with_Diverse_Student_Populations_Meeting_the_Mental_Health_Needs_of_All_Students
Dryden, W., & Branch, R. (2008). The Fundamentals of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Dryden, W. (n.d.). What is Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?: Outlining the Approach by Considering the Four Elements of its Name. Goldsmiths University of London, 1-28. Retrieved from: http://www.windydryden.com/cms/files/rebt_4_elements_article.pdf
Child Abuse
Brown, J., Cohen, P. Johnson, J.G. (1999, ecember). Childhood abuse and neglect: specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1490-1496.
The authors conducted this study in order to investigate the magnitude and independence of the effects of childhood neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse on depression and suicidal behavior in adolescents and adults. Over a 17-year period, a cohort of randomly selected children was assessed for a range of environmental, familial, and childhood risks and psychiatric orders. The history of abuse was verified through official records of abuse and by the retrospective self-report of the 639 youths in the study. The subjects were between the ages of one year and 10 years at the beginning of the study, with a median age of five years.
The results of the study showed that adolescents…
Dehlinger, E., Steer, R.A., and Lippmann, J., (1999). Two-year follow-up study of cognitive behavioral therapy for sexually abused children suffering post-traumatic stress symptoms. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(12), 1371-1378.
The researchers were interested in learning if 2-year gains found in the earlier research by Dehlinger, et al. (1996) would also be shown in this research with 100 children who had been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of being abused as children. The research by Dehlinger, et al. (1996) involved 12-session pre-test and post-test randomly assigned therapeutic treatments with sexually abused children and their non-offending mothers. The random group assignments were cognitive-behavioral treatments for the child only, for the mother only, for the mother and the child, or for a community comparison condition. The study participants were followed and assessed at 3-months, 6-months, one year, and two years after treatment.
The data was analyzed through the use of a repeated MANCOVA, while controlling for the pre-test scores. Three measures of psychopathology were taken at the assessment intervals, examining specifically for the following: depression, externalizing behavior problems, and PTSD symptoms. The researchers found that the Dehlinger, et al. (1996) study was basically replicable, with the pre-treatment and post-treatment improvements shown and maintained during the 2-year period.
Existential Psychotherapy
Imperialism
he class text makes mention in one of its chapters about existential psychotherapy. his treatment style seems to be yet another tool in the proverbial toolbox that psychiatrists and therapists can use or advocate along the same lines as cognitive behavioral therapy, EDMR and so forth. he author of this report will review how it came to be, what it is comprised of and how/why it may work for many or at least some people. he author will also offer thoughts and feelings about how promising and relevant this topic seems to be. While some therapeutic techniques are more widely known and/or ostensibly effective than others, it is also true that any method that garners good results for even a subset of patients is worth exploring or leaving aside as an option should the need arise.
Analysis
As was made clear by the text, the people behind…
The world can be a very chaotic and dangerous place for a human mind. This is confirmed by the fact that everyone suffers from some degree of anxiety and/or depression at one time or another. Others still suffer on a chronic and consistent basis over years and decades and those people have their own demons and hurdles to defeat. However, existential psychotherapy is a good option for those that don't need to parse out what happened in the past and just need to take steps forward one after the other. Inner peace, no matter how it is garnered, is a noble pursuit and existential psychotherapy is just another option to pick from for those it would work for.
Reference
Corsini, R.J., & Wedding, D. (2013). Current psychotherapies (Tenth ed.). New York: Cengage Learning.
Social learning theory states that an individual will learn from others through observation, modeling, and imitation (Bandura & McClelland, 1977). A person's behavior is dependent on the environment they come from and the models they grew up observing. Learning is believed to be a cognitive process that will take place in a social context. The social learning theory is often referred to as a bridge between cognitive and behaviorist learning theories because it covers memory, attention, and motivation. Albert Bandura proposed the theory, and it is one of the most influential development and learning theory. Bandura held to the belief that learning could not be fully accounted for by direct reinforcement. The theory proposed by Bandura was rooted in the traditional learning theory, but it added a social element. He argued that individuals could learn new behaviors and information by observing other individuals. Observational learning is the term he used,…
References
Akers, R.L. (2011). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Piscataway Township, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Akers, R.L., & Jensen, G.F. (2011). Social learning theory and the explanation of crime (Vol. 1). Piscataway Township, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Bandura, A., & McClelland, D.C. (1977). Social learning theory.
Cherry, K. (2011). Social Learning Theory an Overview of Bandura's Social learning Theory. The New York Times Company.(online article).
Dysfunctions and Their Therapies
Dysfunctions and emedies involved
Treatment and Control of Dysfunctions
The Thought Focused Treatment System
The thought focused treatment systems are those which narrow down to thought processes and systems of belief. The system believes in the child developing process being the cause of dysfunction. Social learning and modeling of ideas result to the personalities of an individual. The personalities result to experiences such as thoughts and feelings, critical learning, and the imitation of these behaviors. For instance, the child develops thoughts and behaviors from the parents. If the parents hide their feelings and never cry, the child grows knowing that crying is not the solution. The environment directly affects the child's thoughts. Therefore, if an individual's development is distorted in any manner, there is likely to be an experience of dysfunctional issues or poor health. An individual learns how to cope with stress and problems in…
References
Grohol, J.M. (2004, September 21). Types of Therapies: Theoretical Orientations and Practices of Therapists. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/therapy.htm
Grohol, J.M. (2011). 15 Common Cognitive Distortions. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2009/15-common-cognitive-distortions/
Crisis Counseling and Therapy
The precipitating events that are brought forward in the movie "Girl Interrupted" are the attempted suicide of a young girl on nineteen years. It concerned her parents that she failed to go forward and receive her high school diploma in a prestigious northeastern community. They also got to find out that their daughter was involved with an affair with one of their friend's husband. This involved the granting of sexual favors. She is depressed and also lacks a direction in life even after finishing her high school education in fact she does not want to go to college but instead wants to become a writer. She makes an attempt to get rid of her delusions and does this through the taking of vodka in combination with aspirin even though she denies and fails to consider her actions as being a suicide attempt rather she saw it…
References
Bolyn, M. (2011).Activities for teaching coping skills to the youth. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from http://www.livestrong.com/article/129996-activities-teaching-coping-skills-youth/
Salters-Pedneault, K. (2010). Coping Skills for Borderline Personality Disorder. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from http://bpd.about.com/od/livingwithbpd/a/Coping.htm
Therapy
Constructivist Perspective of Brief Therapy
Understanding the basis of theories and therapy is a necessary element of the therapist's trade. Without some knowledge of why certain therapies are practiced, or where they came from, it is difficult to develop a personal theory and a personal view of how to conduct therapy. Since one of the basic concepts presently is that of brief therapy, it is necessary to see how that concept was formulated by other concepts. Thus, this paper examines how constructivist perspectives underlie brief therapy. This paper also gives the author the opportunity to voice a personal statement about how these findings coincide with personal constructions of therapy.
Definitions
It is first necessary to understand the terms that are to be discussed. The two primary phrases to be discussed are constructivism and brief therapy. However, it is also necessary to grasp what brief therapies exist.
Constructivism
The definition…
References
Fritscher, L. (2009). Brief therapy. Retrieved from http://phobias.about.com/od/glossary/g/brieftherapydef.htm
Levenson, H., Speed, J., & Budman, S.H. (1995). Therapists' experience, training and skill in brief therapy: A bicoastal survey. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 49(1), 95-106.
Maturana, H.R. & Varela, F, J. (1998). The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding (Revised Edition). boston: Shambhala
Presbury, J.H., Echterling, L. G, & McKee, J.E. (2008). Beyond brief counseling and therapy: An integrative approach (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson/Merill Prentice-Hall.
Kellogg & Young in Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder offer a comprehensive explanation of the use of Schema Therapy for patients with BPD, by first explaining the disorder and how it is particularly prime for the use of schema therapy as the disorder itself and the behavior and emotions exhibited from it can be seen as an individual traversing through a short list of schemas and are reflective of the childhood origins of BPD. The modes of BPD are described by the authors as consisting of the angry and impulsive child mode, the detached protector mode, the punitive parent mode and lastly the healthy adult mode. According to the authors if these modes are lacking in integration and emotions cannot be traversed across each, or if the modes are significantly unbalanced they become schemas that override normal adult behavior. The particulars of Schema Therapy are then described after a…
References
Clarkin, J.F. Levy, K.N. Lenzenweger, M.F. Kernberg, O.F. (June 2007) Evaluating Three Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Multiwave Study Ameican Journal of Psychology 164:6, 922-928.
Clarkin, J.F. & Levy, K.N. (April 2003) a Psychodynamic Treatment for Severe Personality Disorders: Issues in Treatment Development Psychoanalytic Inquiry 23:2 248-268.
Kellogg, S.H. Young, J.E. (February 2006) Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder Journal of Clinical Psychology 62:4 445-458.
Kimball, J.S., & Diddams, M. (2007). Affect Regulation as a Mediator of Attachment and Deliberate Self-Harm. Journal of College Counseling, 10(1), 44.
Personality Therapy
Personality is very complex. Individuals can differ considerably from one another, because of the wide variety of traits possible. In addition, a person can act a certain way in one situation and completely different in another, or have internal processes that manifest themselves through very different external actions and behaviors. Because of this diversity and complexity, psychologists have developed a number of theories to explain personality phenomena, as well as suggest yet unknown possibilities. This report, based on the book Perspectives on Personality by Charles Carver will discuss these theories and how they can be applied for behavioral change through therapy.
Two theories fall under the dispositional perspectives category, which emphasize that people display consistency or continuity in their actions, thoughts and feelings: The "trait and type" theory and the "needs and motives" theory. The first concludes that people can be divided into different types or categories. Nomothetic…
Psychology
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Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Theories Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral Theories In this paper, there is going to an examination of Cognitive Behavioral and Psychodynamic theories. This is accomplished by…
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Behavioral Health Changes Behavioral health, rehab, and detox diagnoses: eimbursement and treatment philosophy Although mental and physical health statuses are clearly interrelated, mental health diagnoses are treated differently both…
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Most of the research has focused on ADHD with a hyperactive component, because this poses more behavioral problems in the classroom. Also, ADHD-I tends to show less of a…
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Behavioural psychology in modern day has devised a number of ways to deal with serious problem areas in children with special needs and the youth. These means of treatment…
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Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy Cognitive and behavioral techniques / therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT as commonly referred to encompasses several techniques. One is behavioral experiments whereby the psychologist…
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Henderson A Cognitive Behavioral Study of Steven Henderson: Case Conceptualization and Treatment Plan Theories of Counseling Coun510_D04 This is a case conceptualization of a 26-year-old man who experienced sexual…
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Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy Cognitive and behavioral techniques / therapy Cognitive Therapist Behavioral Techniques Case of the Fat Lady Cognitive behaviorist therapy is a blend of two therapies; cognitive…
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EBT and Christian Principles ational Emotive Behavioral Therapy and Christian Principles in Young Adults The goal of rational emotive behavioral therapy (EBT) is to help people address and resolve…
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Cog Beh Therapy With respect to the businessman who comes to see the therapist about the problems in his marriage, there are two issues immediately apparent from the brief…
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Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Dialectical behavior therapy treatment (DBT) falls within the category of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Its main focus is on psychosocial characteristics. Based on the theory that emotions can…
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These three seminal perspectives may possess a lot of similarities, yet each of them has contributed novel ideas that are consistent with its theoretical underpinnings. In many of the…
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The choice to do so and then controlling oneself, rather than being pushed and pulled by controls beyond oneself is as difficult and heart-wrenching as being controlled by others.…
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CBT The always developing field of psychology and the tools used to develop this science, have provided many patients with much need relief. The constant evolution of the mind…
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A synthesis of what the studies reveal about the current state of knowledge on the question developed The mindfulness meditation theory appears to have the potential to treat addictive…
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Behavior therapy uses rewards or reinforcements to create positive behaviors in order to replace destructive behaviors. Desensitizing is an important part of this type of therapy, where the patient…
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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a form of psychotherapy that is similar to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The theory that ACT is based on is the Relational Frame Theory,…
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1. The term “depth psychology” is appropriate for referring to psychoanalysis, but not for all types of psychotherapy. Any psychotherapy that involves in-depth self-assessments through the exploration of unconscious…
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Also known as person-centered or client-centered, Rogerian therapy, it "places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a nondirective role" Person-centered…
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy- A Case Study Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) Case Study Case report K is a forty-eight-year female who referred to Midlothian's clinical psychology psychosis service. K has…
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. The two hypothetical systems working on an individual's brain during the experience of addiction are complementary within and between system changes. The first counteradaptation results in a decrease…
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afternoon, light rain falling and predictions of thunder storms on the way. Client was eight minutes late to his appointment. "It doesn't matter that you're a few minutes late,…
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Psychology -- Cognitive theoies Use of the Session Bidging Woksheet in Cognitive Theapy The pupose of the Session Bidging Woksheet is to assess the client's insight and compehension of…
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Multiple studies support the use of cognitive behavioral approaches in individual therapy combined with group therapy sessions to support self-care behavior, self-efficacy and positive patient outcomes (Van der Ven,…
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Solution-Focused Therapy The author of this paper is about to offer a brief literature review of what has come to be known as solution-focused therapy. Included in that literature…
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Dana is a young and beautiful woman with family members that seem to constantly put her down whenever they get together. They appear to be self-centered and attention seeking.…
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…Occupational Stress and Scientific MonitoringLiterature eview2.1 IntroductionThe definition of the term occupational stress is derived from the definition of its two constituent words. In this context, occupational refers to…
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Difficulty of Treating Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are difficult to treat for a multitude of reasons; first, there is no 100% proven-to-be-effective method of therapy that acts as a…
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theory make it the most appropriate for the client in the case study? Ana lost her job and fears that she would soon have to be homeless because there…
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Child Abuse Brown, J., Cohen, P. Johnson, J.G. (1999, ecember). Childhood abuse and neglect: specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality. Journal of the American…
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Existential Psychotherapy Imperialism he class text makes mention in one of its chapters about existential psychotherapy. his treatment style seems to be yet another tool in the proverbial toolbox…
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Social learning theory states that an individual will learn from others through observation, modeling, and imitation (Bandura & McClelland, 1977). A person's behavior is dependent on the environment they…
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Dysfunctions and Their Therapies Dysfunctions and emedies involved Treatment and Control of Dysfunctions The Thought Focused Treatment System The thought focused treatment systems are those which narrow down to…
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Crisis Counseling and Therapy The precipitating events that are brought forward in the movie "Girl Interrupted" are the attempted suicide of a young girl on nineteen years. It concerned…
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Therapy Constructivist Perspective of Brief Therapy Understanding the basis of theories and therapy is a necessary element of the therapist's trade. Without some knowledge of why certain therapies are…
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Kellogg & Young in Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder offer a comprehensive explanation of the use of Schema Therapy for patients with BPD, by first explaining the disorder…
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Personality Therapy Personality is very complex. Individuals can differ considerably from one another, because of the wide variety of traits possible. In addition, a person can act a certain…
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