Breastfeeding Among South Asian Immigrant

Data in this study indicates that these events preceded the discontinuation of breastfeeding. The following figure illustrates the Schema for reastfeeding Definition provided by the Canadian Minister of Health (1997) which was adopted from the work of Labbok and Krasovec (1990)

Schema for reastfeeding Definition

Source: Canadian Minister of Health (1997) adopted from the work of Labbok and Krasovec (1990)

Vietnam and Cambodian Cultures Examined

Several cultures are examined in this study including those of the Vietnamese, Cambodians and those from Laos and it is stated the largest part of these children "are typically breastfed for more than year." (Canadian Minister of Health, 1997) it is related that imported formula is not affordable or not readily available therefore, breastfeeding is "simply the norm." (Canadian Minister of Health, 1997) This work relates that when no supplement formula is available that breast milk "is commonly supplemented with prechewed rice paste or rice…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding the Latch Scoring System

For the newborn, birth weight, gestational age, and 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores were recorded. Post-discharge phone calls were made on day four and at week six. Each participant was asked if she was still breastfeeding at the time of the phone call. For data analysis, exclusive and partial were combined as "breastfeeding," whereas token and none were combined as "not breastfeeding."

Telephone interviews could be conducted for 182 (73%) participants on day four and 188 (76%) at six weeks. The results showed that LATCH scores were higher among women breastfeeding than those who had weaned. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, a score of 9 or above at 16 to 24 hours was the most discriminate of the 5 time periods examined. In addition, mothers who met this criterion were 1.7 times more likely to be breastfeeding at six weeks than women with lower scores. The authors concluded that the…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding and IQ Infants Who Are Breastfeed

Breastfeeding and IQ

Infants who are breastfeed tend to have higher IQ as they mature. This paper examines that phenomenon, which presents a complex set of cause-and-effect questions, including how long infants must be breastfed to receive any benefits associated with nursefeeding, whether there are important intercultural variations among children whose IQs are higher (for example, if there is a greater correlation in societies where most women breastfeed or, alternatively, where few breastfeed) and whether the rise in IQ results from the chemistry of breastmilk, the practice of breastfeeding itself, or from the fact that women who breastfeed are significantly different (on an a priori basis) from those who do not.

Introduction

For a number of years the scientific and medical communities have argued that breastfeeding provides a substantial benefit to infants, including primarily the fact that it promotes emotionally security and increases a child's overall health by transferring the…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding the Importance of Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding may therefore gain social acceptance.

Still, despite the overwhelming health benefits for both mothers and babies, scientific debate still exists over the optimal duration for breastfeeding. In developing countries, the issue is perhaps more complex: where breast milk is the best and most consistent form of nutrition available for babies, many women may be tempted to continue breastfeeding for years. However, as children grow they clearly need more nutrients than what can be provided in breast milk alone. Beyond four months of age, experts note that infants require more complex nutrients than breastfeeding delivers (Kramer, 2006). Breastfeeding at least until six months of age is strongly recommended by virtually every public health expert. Beyond that consensus, views differ with some recommending ongoing breastfeeding until early childhood.

Regardless of a mother's preference and circumstances, there is no doubt that breastfed babies thrive nutritionally and that those health benefits extend far…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding Conducted in 2006 The

The literature examination of the study's foundation is thorough and detailed building a step-by-step foundation to the need and purpose of this current study and its importance to society.

The flaws that were evident included the fact that many of the milestones reported were anecdotal by the parents. In addition the parents were not held to a standard of home care and stimulation tactics of the babies so it is possible that many of the higher achieving children were assisted by support by their parents outside of the breastfeeding arena.

The strengths of the study include the fact that it was so comprehensive in nature and that it provided a long-term examination so that the possibility of a coincidental time correlation could be ruled out.

In addition, the study allowed for error as it was a 16-year examination and provided many opportunities over those 16 years for milestones to develop…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding Sentence Outline Breastfeeding Is

These are not necessary costs considering they can be avoided by mothers when they opt to avoid breastfeeding.

Also it might be embarrassing for some mothers who are not used to breastfeeding in public, and at times milk may leak as a reaction instinct immediately the baby starts crying. This is triggered by the natural maternal instincts that a breast feeding mother has. Such occurrences in most cases make the mothers to feel embarrassed, and at some instances they are ridiculed by other people who are less informed about such matters.

The amount of milk that is being sucked by a baby cannot be measured. Unless milk is being pimped into a container then it is measured, it will be next to impossible to figure out the amount of milk your child needs. This might be a problem in case the mother will be away for some time and needs…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding Promotion for Nas Management Article Review

Breastfeeding #NAS #Neonates

Opioid use and dependency has become a serious problem in the U.S. esearch has shown that opioid-dependent women run significantly high risks of giving birth to children with NAS. Children with NAS face some serious health complications, and stay in the hospital longer than normal children. Studies have, however, shown that breastfeeding could help minimize the severity of NAS symptoms among neonates. This text reviews an article seeking to demonstrate how breastfeeding does this, and the specific strategies that nurses and clinicians could use to promote breastfeeding among opioid-dependent mothers in their care.

Breastfeeding Promotion for Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

Summary

The article is focused on one group of at-risk neonates -- those whose mothers are opioid-dependent. esearch has shown neonates born to opioid-dependent women to run higher risks of developing the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) than those born to non-users. Neonates with NAS display…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding Why it is So Important

Article Review: “This is Why Breastfeeding is So Important”
According to McGrath (2015), breastfeeding offers an important source of protection for infants, including guarding against “asthma, diabetes, obesity, respiratory infections and ear infections” (par. 1). McGrath also explains the scientific rationale behind the benefits of breastfeeding, noting that the colostrum transmitted through the mother’s breastmilk functions as what she calls the infant’s first vaccine. But while her scientific arguments are convincing that breastfeeding is optimal for the health of the child in many, perhaps even most instances, her argument that it is easier for working women, because breastfeed children are less apt to become ill, is not necessarily true for women who find pumping cumbersome and expensive. The article also does not take into consideration the fact that many women do not produce enough milk for their infants.
The article should provide greater assurance for women who are unable to…… [Read More]

Does Skin to Skin Contact Promote Breastfeeding in Neonates

Breastfeeding

Back in the day, when babies were born in homes they were kept close to the mother following the birth. As society evolved and the deliveries started occurring in nursing homes or hospitals, the skin to skin contact (SSC) norm began fading away. Some introduction should be given about what SSC really is. SSC is basically when the naked new born baby is placed on the mother's bare chest subsequent to the birth. (Moore, Anderson, Bergman & Dowswell, 2012) Interventions were done on mammals to reveal how separation of the baby and mother went on to affect the baby.

The idea for the closeness for breast feeding came forward when this pattern was observed in animals. If the mammal delivery and post partum behavior is needed, then it is seen that the interactions of the mother and the pup for instance is mandatory. It is required because that encourages…… [Read More]

Group Prenatal Care for Breastfeeding Promotion

In ode to pomote adequate milk poduction, pacifies and supplementay liquids should be avoided fo the fist six months. An ovesupply of milk can make feedings difficult fo the mothe and infant, and this should be emedied pomptly. Offeing only one beast pe feeding and lengthening the feeding time can help, as can educing milk volume befoe feedings by hand expessing. Beast engogement can occu within the fist few days afte bith and must be handled popely to pevent plugged ducts and mastitis (infection). Othe poblems that can occu include a fungal infection (thush), infant efusing to beast feed (nusing stike), and unhealthy infants. Medical help should be sought if these poblems do not esolve quickly.

Some women may feel uncomfotable beastfeeding in public, but govenment and medical oganizations uge women to ovecome this difficulty on behalf of the infant's and mothe's health (Office on Women's Health 2010c). Puchasing loose…… [Read More]

Lactation Consultants Affecting Breastfeeding Success

In turn, as noted earlier in this study, this ultimately positively affects society.

Nevertheless, as Thurman and Allen (2008) assert, researchers need to conduct more research regarding IBCLC use in primary care settings, From the study Thurman and Allen (2008) completed, the researcher gained a greater understanding of the help that individuals with IBCLC certification are able to provide for new mothers. One point the researcher noted as particularly pertinent was the fact that the length of time the new mother breastfeeds her baby increases greatly when the family receives the appropriate pre and post natal care. An additional point worth recounting is that although primary care providers may not be as knowledgeable about breastfeeding as the IBCLC professionals, perhaps if primary health care providers utilized IBCLC professionals more, more new mothers would perhaps choose to breastfeed their babies. In turn, perhaps more mothers would realize first hand that breast…… [Read More]

The Importance of Breastfeeding

Introduction
Scientists have not managed to replicate the actual milk that is produced by a mother. A mother's milk has all the vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional elements that a baby's body needs. The formulation of breast milk includes many other elements that are yet to be discovered and this is why it is highly recommended to breastfeed a baby exclusively for six months.
Background information
Breastfeeding forms a critical part of the Healthy People objectives. It is for this reason that Healthy People 2020 aims to increase the rates for breastfeeding mothers to 81.9 percent at the time of being discharged from hospital. With an increase in the number of breastfeeding mothers, there would be more than $4 billion saved in health care costs. There would be reduced medical costs that are associated with chronic illnesses in their children. Mothers would also benefit by reducing their risk of developing…… [Read More]

Benefits for Mother and Infant - Breastfeeding

regulations from California and from the federal government as to the rights women have when it comes to breastfeeding in the workplace. The paper contrasts California guidelines with federal guidelines. In fact, once the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (also known as "Obamacare" and the "Affordable Care Act") passed into law on March 23, 2010, it became federal law that employers are required to give mothers with babies (that are less than a year old) a break "each time such employee has need to express the milk" (U.S. Department of Labor). The Affordable Care Act in effect updated the Section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act).

Health Benefits of Breastfeeding

According to the Surgeon General of the United States, whose confirmation was blocked by the U.S. Senate for nearly a year because the National Rifle Association objected to the nominee's belief that gun violence is a health issue,…… [Read More]

Does Breastfeeding Help Neonates With Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Neonates With Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Introductory Statement

I would like to write about preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and breastfeeding, whether it is beneficial to the infant to breastfeed. I became interested in the topic after a clinical experience in the NICU. One infant in the NICU was having difficulty keeping formula down. he neonate gastric pH was being monitored for GER. When the NICU nurse also spoke of assessing for signs of necrotizing enterocolitis in the distressed infant, it sparked my interest. I did not know anything about necrotizing enterocolitis. he NICU nurse told me quite a lot about the problem. Indeed, the wealth of information she shared was a bit overwhelming at the time so I decided to look it up after my clinical experience. What I found was sufficiently interesting to cause me to decide that I wanted to write my evidence-based paper on the topic.

Article Summaries…… [Read More]

Breast Feeding at Starbucks Identify

Other Retailers want to see Starbucks resolve the breastfeeding issue without drastic changes to its corporate policies and procedures. They realize that Starbucks has been chosen to set the precedent for all retailers. If Starbucks loses control of its corporate policies and brand image, they can expect to become the foci of similar protests in the future. State legislators may find themselves under increased pressure as a result of the outcome at Starbucks. Protesters may target legislators under the assumption that some states are lacking sufficient laws regarding breastfeeding. Protesters may be tempted to shift the focus from Starbucks to legislators in order to find another method of advancing their cause. In addition, legislators looking for ways to attract the "soccer mom" demographic may also find this an attractive topic.

The vision articulated by Arthur . Page (Vice President, Public Relations, AT&T, 1927 to 1946) offers a template for the…… [Read More]

Breast Feeding

Breast Feeding

The relevance of nutrition throughout infancy and toddlerhood

Nutrition is among the fundamental elements needed for the strong foundation of the body. From maternity as a result of childhood the unborn child is expanding and establishing at a much faster rate than at other time in its life. The correct balance of nutritious intake by the mother is usually be the distinction in birth weight, abnormality, and excessive weight. Inadequate energy, protein, and nutrients throughout this delicate duration can result in enduring deficits in cognition, social, and psychological advancement.

The significance of nutrition in maternity cannot be overemphasized. Appropriate nutrition, from conception with the first year of life, is a crucial element to healthy development and advancement in an infant. Not only the kind of food but its amount should be monitored in this stage. Excellent nutrition keeps maternal energy requirements, offers the underlying layer for the advancement…… [Read More]

Cultural Customs Surrounding Breast Feeding Across Cultures and History

Cultural Customs Surrounding Breast Feeding

Breast Feeding along History and Cultures

Breast Feeding is a practice that has existed ever since mankind came into being. It has been practiced for thousands of years and has been considered a sacred bond between the mother and the child by some cultures while others have disregarded the practice largely through societal influences and due to the changing trends whereby they started laying more importance on the new formulas created to feed the newborns. Nevertheless, there are varying trends that are noticeable in different cultures and the practice has evolved through history and has been conveniently retained by many as well.

History of breast feeding:

Throughout the world and from the start of mankind, infant care and breast feeding has had its roots. At some point in time, breast feeding remained as a practice within the poor people who could not afford to provide…… [Read More]

Breast Feeding Matters

Breast Feeding

In Favor of Breast Feeding

Breastfeeding has become a political lightening rod, igniting debates across a wide spectrum of social issues. Sadly the critics of mothers' breast feeding their children have forgotten about the most important person involved: the baby. There are a myriad of studies pointing to the many psychological, psychological and mental development benefits of this practice, with several provided below.

First, it is a proven medical fact that the nutrients in mother's milk help to alleviate and naturally immunize a baby from a long list of illnesses. Breast milk is packed with many nutrients that babies need the first six months of life to establish and strengthen their immune systems. This is why the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that mother's breast feed their babies the first six months of life. There is also evidence that break feeding also helps the mother to become more…… [Read More]

Breastfeeding in public

Breastfeeding in public
Article of analysis
Why are we still so squeamish about breastfeeding? By Kelly Wallace.
The article above was written by Kelly Wallace who was a CNN correspondent at the time he wrote the article. Being a correspondent of the new network, the writer strived to remain professional throughout the article, giving the two sides to the story through the voices of other opinion holders. The topic under discussion here is the morality of breastfeeding in public and whether the women doing the same are justified or should stop. The author starts with presenting a famous incident of breastfeeding in public by a celebrity that was posted online and went viral, evoking mixed reactions. He also arouses the reader’s attention by mentioning renown cases of businesses that had locked out or stopped women who were breastfeeding in their premises. The writer then goes on to document reactions of…… [Read More]

Working Women and Breastfeeding

It has been recognized that breastfeeding constitutes the best source of infant nourishment, functioning as nutrition as well as the "living fluid" imbued with a complex blend of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, unique to the mother and her infant. Baby formula is unable to replicate the above essential substances. As breastfeeding is recognized as the superior mode of feeding infants, it must be protected, promoted and supported even among working mothers, after they return to their jobs. The WHO (World Health Organization) recommendation is that babies ought to be given nothing but breast milk until six months of age, with some amount of breastfeeding to be continued, at least till they reach two years of age (Deirdre Desmond & Sarah Meaney, 2016).

Breastfeeding at the Workplace

Breastfeeding rates in a majority of industrialized nations are generally below the desired levels. For instance, the 2002 U.S. estimate is that roughly seven…… [Read More]

Working Women Breastfeeding

Working Women and Breastfeeding

According to Bouchez (2016), nursing babies once involved hardly any complications. As a majority of mothers were housewives, it wasn't hard to keep up with breastfeeding.

However, the scenario today is quite different and complex. With throngs of females joining the labor force, an increasing number of new moms face breastfeeding-related problems, which they must balance with their career demands. About 70% of moms in the workforce have kids aged below three years. About 33% of this cluster rejoins their jobs as soon as their baby turns three months, while about 66% return to work within half a year of the baby's birth. Clearly, a large employee group's breastfeeding requirements are to be accommodated. A number of females claim rejoining their jobs is the key cause of breastfeeding cessation. The many physical and emotional obstacles they encounter at work are: the absence of a pumping-friendly, private…… [Read More]

Women and breastfeeding

Women and Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding can be enhanced and encouraged by the following schemes:

Following the breastfeeding procedures stipulated by hospitals to achieve successful breast feeding

The birth of an infant, often accompanied by joy and a deep sense of filial fulfillment can be the cause of considerable stress for the parents, this is often the case especially with the first child in a family. The hospitalization of the baby is therefore a situation that causes extreme concern for all members of the family. The normal breastfeeding pattern, and also the biological synthesis of breastmilk in the mother's mammary glands can be hampered by stress. Consequently, pediatric nurses are indispensable in these periods of intense stress to provide their support and expertise to the mother. Majority of women look up to medical practitioners for guidance and assistance in choosing their breastfeeding procedures, they also seek to have healthcare professionals influence their…… [Read More]

The Cognitive Effect of Breast Milk

pregnant women go through stages of what is good to eat and what isn't. It is stated that eating organic food is healthy for the baby's growth, and development. Mothers are said to eat vegetables, fruits, and other foods in order to maintain a healthy diet. esearch has shown that eating organic food is healthy for babies and many claims by marketers suggest that formula for babies is a good approach to healthily feeding them. This paper will show how while some products attempt to "cash in" on the organic food craze by promoting themselves as organic, even though the food itself is not very healthy (such as "organic" sugary cereals), there is still validity to the claim that organic food diets that consist of wholesome, natural foods like vegetables, fruits and nuts are good for expecting mothers. However, the research shows that when it comes to breastfeeding, there is…… [Read More]

Kangaroo Care and Premature Babies

Kangaroo Care and Premature Babies

Kangaroo care entails holding a full term infant or premature so that there is a skin-to-skin contact between the newborn and the individual holding it. Individuals practice kangaroo care for premature infants for approximately two to three hours every day over a certain period. This takes place during early infancy, and the parent holds the baby against her bare chest. Medically stable babies can receive kangaroo care for up to any period since there is no maximum duration for them (Feldman et al., 2002).

Most parents may keep their babies in their arms for hours each day. According to research carried out, kangaroo care is essential as close bodily contact between the infant and the mother helps to stabilize the heartbeat, breathing and temperature of the premature infant. This is crucial as premature babies always have problems in harmonizing their heart and breathing rate. Mothers…… [Read More]

Nice Guidelines -- Midwives During Postpartum the

NICE Guidelines -- Midwives during postpartum

The ole of Midwife per NICE Guidelines

Pregnancy and childbirth is, in the majority of cases, a normal life event that proceeds to an uncomplicated outcome and can be effectively managed by a skilled midwife attendant. This also extends to assisting new mothers with postpartum care. The midwife is recognized as a responsible and accountable professional who can give the necessary support, care and advice during the postpartum period and provide the necessary care for the infant.

NICE guidelines recommend that new mothers and infants not be separated within the first hour. The midwife should encourage skin-to-skin contact -- before asking about feeding methods. If breastfeeding is the mother's preference, it should be encouraged within the first hour. During the first 24 hours after childbirth, midwives should ensure the woman's well-being and care by documenting blood pressure results and first urine voids within the…… [Read More]

Vitamin D Is a Group of Fat-Soluble

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble molecules known as secosteroids. Vitamin D itself is a fat-soluble vitamin that is not available in many foods. However, photochemically, it is produced when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger Vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D externally, though, is biologically inert in the human body, and "must undergo two hydroxylations in the body. The first occurs in the liver and converts Vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D The second occurs primarily in the kidney and forms the physiologically active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d (VanDen Berg 1997, S76). Although called a vitamin, Vitamin D is not actually an essential dietary vitamin because it can be synthesized in more than adequate amounts from sunlight. Typically, an organic chemical, or group of chemicals, is known as a vitamin when it must be obtained through diet or other means, and cannot be synthesized through bodily processes.

Vitamin D…… [Read More]

Drug Monograph for Serious Infections

Vancomycin should be given for at least 60 minutes. The initial dosage for pediatrics with renal impairment is not less than 15 mg/kg per day or 15 times the GF in mL/min. Premature infants should have longer dosing intervals. PO administration should be 40 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses for 7-10 days. The maximum is 2,000 mg/day, which may be diluted in 1 oz of water or administered through an NG tube (PD).

Contraindications

Vancomycin is contraindicated to patients with hypersensitivity to vancomycin (Drug.com, 2012). Commercially prepared frozen Vancomycyn Hydrochloride injections in 5% dextrose may also be contraindicated to those with known allergic reaction to corn or corn products (Drug.com).

Drug-Drug Interactions

The patient should inform the doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and non-prescription or herbal products currently used (Medicine Net, 2012; Levinson, 2012). Aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, other antibiotics, and live bacterial vaccines are special mentions. If treatment requires…… [Read More]

Achieving Baby-Friendly Hospital Designation Baby-Friendly

496).

Evidence-based practice indicates the universal need for the implementation of better maternal and newborn infant care, especially with regard to breastfeeding support and encouragement. This is evidenced by countless research works that both report the optimized goals of better rates of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-6 months and the evidence of current trends and practices (AAP, 2010; Scanlon et. al, 2007; Naylor, 2010; Grummer-Strawn & Shealy 2009). These researchers, reviewers an experts base their observations on a need that is well documented in the literature, i.e. both the current state of breastfeeding support in maternity settings and clinical short- and long-term health related outcomes associated with breastfeeding and lack of breastfeeding. The literature associated with this need is demonstrative of many issues regarding breastfeeding and support that the best overall scenario for maternal and infant health is exclusive breastfeeding of infants till six months of age with supplements or…… [Read More]

Birth Places a Tremendous Emotional

Breast pumping techniques.

Introduction to Internet and print resources for new mothers.

Introduction to social networking and support groups for new mothers in her area.

Teaching Strategies Used and ationale

The teacher and learner will have a high degree of privacy in the hospital room during the teaching project. Therefore, lessons on breastfeeding will be comfortable and cause little embarrassment for the learner. Having privacy will help the learner feel relaxed and willing to breastfeed in front of the teacher. Also, the private setting will help the learner express her emotions.

Having determined that the learner prefers to observe and then act, the teaching strategies used for the project will include demonstrations and imitation. The learner's positive attitude directly suggests her high level of motivation to learn. Also, her cultural background and tendency to be compliant with hospital standards and procedures imply that the learner is likely to be highly…… [Read More]

Ms Jane v Mr Stubbornman

Stubbornman's abuse of power specifically involves the infant. By refusing Ms Jane to breastfeed her infant, Mr. Stubbornman violated not only the Florida jurisdiction, but also the right of the infant to be nourished when he was in need.

The security guard and the store, however, can justify their position in detaining Ms Jane initially, in order to determine whether there was any case of shoplifting. The defendants should refer to the Florida Statute of 811.022, which provides that "[a] peace officer, or a merchant, or a merchant's employee who has probably cause for believing that goods held for sale by the merchant have been unlawfully taken by a person and that he can recover them by taking the person into custody, may, for the purpose of attempting to effect such recovery, take the person into custody and detain him in a reasonable manner for reasonable length of time" (Jefferson…… [Read More]

Hospitals Hand Out Free Formula

The positive relationship between breastfeeding and improved infant health has been reiterated by both the Centers for Disease Control, UNICEF, and the World Health Organization. This has encouraged some hospitals to adopt the 'Baby Friendly USA' designation, which marks them as institutions which emphasize a number of initiatives which encourage breastfeeding for all mothers. As of August, 2011, more than 100 maternity centers in the U.S.A. (out of a total of 3000) have met the qualifications to be declared 'Baby Friendly' (ochman, 2011). Citing the study published in Pediatric, ochman (2011) asserts that this growing trend towards reducing the power of formula manufacturers to influence parental behavior has many positive implications for parents and their new babies. This includes the possibility of lower obesity rates in American children and an improved bond between mother and newborn.

ochman's article illustrates that breastfeeding is more likely to succeed when hospitals actively work…… [Read More]

Prevention of Childhood Obesity in

(Institute of Medicine, 2009)

Strategy 3: Community Food Access - Promote efforts to provide fruits and vegetables in a variety of settings, such as farmers' markets, farm stands, mobile markets, community gardens, and youth-focused gardens. (Institute of Medicine, 2009)

Action Steps: (1) Encourage farmers markets to accept Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) food package vouchers and WIC Farmers Market Nutrition Program coupons; and encourage and make it possible for farmers markets to accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (or SNAP, formerly the Food Stamp Program) and WIC Program Electronic enefit Transfer (ET) cards by allocating funding for equipment that uses electronic methods of payment; (2) Improve funding for outreach, education, and transportation to encourage use of farmers markets and farm stands by residents of lower-income neighborhoods, and by WIC and SNAP recipients. Introduce or modify land use policies/zoning regulations to promote, expand, and protect potential sites…… [Read More]

Discrimination Against Women in California

Indeed, the most serious health issue related to domestic violence of course is mortality, and the California omen's Law Center (CLC) conducted a survey of 100 murders of women by their male intimate partners. The results are very germane for those interested in health-related gender fairness through the law in California.

CLC found that in 59% of the surveyed cases of women homicide victims the murder was not the first abusive episode; and a "history of threats to the victims' life" by the killer was available in 47% of the cases. Because seeking a "restraining order" and/or domestic violence services increases a victim's safety in many cases, 68% of abused murder victims "...never obtained, or attempted to obtain, a protective order against their abusive partner" (CLC, 2003). Just 20% of those women killed by intimate partners had an active restraining order against their abuser at the time they were murdered.…… [Read More]

Flanders-Stepans M Wilhelm S L & Dolence K

Flandes-Stepans, M., Wilhelm, S.L., & Dolence, K. (2006). Smoking Hygiene: Reducing Infant Exposue to Tobacco. Biological eseach fo Nusing, 8(2), 104-114.

Consideing the title of the wok, one would believe that the poblem statement would explain ways to educe infant exposue; when in fact the aticle commences by explaining the lage monetay buden that smoking elated issues has bought about in the medical field. The aticle then begins to explain the coelation that exists between the smoking patten of the mothe and the level of exposue to Envionmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). Finally, it is explained that a stong coelation has been made between beastfeeding and educed ETS; howeve it is also stated that in fact a child is moe likely to have elevated levels & symptoms associated with ETS if the beastfeeding mothe is a smoke. It is also stated that thee is a distinct coelation between the smoking patten…… [Read More]

Rickets Is a Nutritionally Related

(Kirchner, 2000)

Summary and Conclusion

However, even in the developed world, rickets is not as rare as one would hope. Mothers who breastfeed must be aware that, despite the rhetoric about breastfeeding being the best way to feed a baby, they must still give their children supplements. Children must have adequate supplementation, nutritionally dense diets, and adequate exposure to sunlight. The balance between covering up with sun protection and getting sunlight, between breastfeeding and vitamin supplements may prove difficult to communicate to the public -- as well as the fact that what are widely-regarded as 'healthy diets' such as vegan, vegetarian, and macrobiotic diets may not be appropriate for children, or even for many adults, espeically if they have absorption complaints.

orks Cited

American Dietetic Association (ADA) (2004) "Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding, Positon Paper on Maternal Health. Article accessed on Internet database of ADA on 22 Oct 2005 at http://www.eatright.org/cps/rde/xchg/SID-5303FFEA-E7B53036/ada/hs.xsl/advocacy_1728_ENU_HTML.htm…… [Read More]

Business Ethics Export Capital for

However, the issue is more nuanced -- what if, as a humanitarian effort, a pharmaceutical company sold recently expired drugs at very low cost to an impoverished developing nation in the grips of an epidemic? hat if a food company donated food that was safe but 'past its expiration date' to a famine-stricken nation? In this case, a utilitarian calculus would support such exchanges. The balance between the benefit of being cured or not starving to death and potential harm of bad drugs or food would suggest such a donation was ethical. From a Rawlsian point-of-view, imagining whether you were the producer or the consumer, it seems likely that 'you' the consumer would take a risk of eating safe but recently stale rice to avoid starvation, much like a producer would be happy to gain good publicity and unload goods that cannot be sold in the U.S. Everyone, in short,…… [Read More]

Obesity in Bellingham WA a

The other 48 have their own standards and only 2/3 of them require, according to the 2010 report of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. This report said that almost 2/3 of high school students do not get enough exercise and more than a third watch TV for at least 3 hours a day. The report recommends students to perform PE or at least an hour each day, 150 minutes a week for elementary-age students, and 225 minutes for middle and high school students. Washington State schools are required 100 minutes of PE per week in the first to 8th grades. However, they are not required daily recess or a report card for each school. It also recommends that PE classes be handled by certified and licensed PE teachers. ut this is not always complied with. In 2010, parents sued the school board for allowing non-certified specialists to…… [Read More]