The first article, Changes in Mitral egurgitation After eplacement of the Stenotic Aortic Valve (2008) stresses a relatively large patient study of those undergoing Aortic valve replacement and then possibly experiencing mitral regurgitation (M), a common and sometimes concerning complication that as the study shows can occur without any known mitral defect. The study is significant in that it establishes the fact that M is not as dangerous as once thought and can be resolved without further surgical intervention in many patients, where as in the past further surgical intervention was the most likely outcome. The study also indicated certain precursors or markers that allows the initial surgical screening of patients who would benefit from mitral surgery, prior to mitral failure and could therefore receive the procedure during the initial surgical intervention, rather than as a separate surgical event. It is clear that the common sense of this study is….

Does taking Metoprolol before cardiac surgery reduce the incidence of post-op atrial fibrillation Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) remains a prevalent supraventricular arrhythmia. PoAF has associated effects such as deteriorating hemodynamic, increased risk of stroke and increased probability of death. Beta-blockers have been recommended as effective intervention mechanism of preventing PoAF. Metoprolol is one such beta-blocker that is commonly administered to prevent the incidence of PoAF. The systematic review below entails an analysis of six clinical trials that explore the effectiveness of metoprolol. The analysis identifies reduced hospitalization length, reduced mortality and reduced financial burden as the beneficial impact associated with the administration of prophylactic. The small number of studies reviewed limits the validity of the conclusion warranting future large sample size research.
Introduction
Annually, approximately 750,000 cardiac surgery are performed globally with postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) being the prevalent complications (George, et al., 2018). With the increasing proportion of elderly population globally, it’s expected that….

To the degree that nurses match their skills with patient's needs, thus is qualified nursing met (AACN, 2006).
From my experience, most surgeons, specifically in the cardiac ward focus on the minutiae of their skill and on saving the patient's life mo matter what. A failed surgery seems to them to cast aspersions on their skills. Dr. Agnihotri is, however, unique in that he places the patients needs first and foremost and ascertains that his assistants and interns do the same.

A case, at one time, for instance, that made ripples around the ward and impressed me intensely involved patient x who, at a great deal of pain and an advanced age with a surgery that seemed to promise only complications, just wanted to expire. Her family, however, endeavored to keep her alive, despite cost, level of pain, frequency, extension, and complications of surgery involved. Dr. Agnihotri focused on the needs….

The "pain" caused to the heart due to tissue damage can be misplaced in the body due to these nerve pathways and connections; heart attacks are often felt in the left arm and elsewhere on that side of the body between the heart and brain.
5)

Diuretics would encourage the elimination of sodium and a lessened fluid retention, easing the pressure in his arteries.

6)

The increased acidity in J.M.'s blood indicates reduced heart functionality and creatine phosphokinase levels are elevated which indicates muscle damage; low-normal lactate dehydrogenase suggest no recent prior infarctions, however, and without further tests this particular measure is not especially edifying.

7)

The drug relaxes blood vessels, allowing easier passage of blood reducing chest pain (which elevates stress and blood pressure) and easing the underlying problem, as well

8)

Aspirin inhibits the collection of platelets at the site of a plaque rupture, preventing a full blockage from building up and causing a heart….

People die each year of cardiac related health problems. Some die of heart attacks and others of congestive heart failure and so forth. This research proposal highlights five peer reviewed journal articles that show how to improve, step-by-step, the infrastructure of a hospital cardiac program. Quantitative data from the studies along with in-hospital data will reveal the need for quality improvement as well as how successful certain methods are when implemented among specific populations. Information was gathered through the search engine Google Scholar and PubMed. All articles are less than four years old and reveal ways to not just improve the safety and care of patient's but also how to improve surgical outcomes and enhance IT infrastructure, all of which are essential to running a great hospital cardiac program.
Introduction

Several patients in (Hospital Name) have come in complaining of cardiac related health problems. Some have had issues with cardiothoracic surgery from….

Interdisciplinary Care Providers CABG or coronary artery bypass graft surgery is advised for individuals suffering from CHD (coronary heart disease), for alleviating symptoms, prolonging lifespan, and improving QOL (quality of life) (Bayoumi, 2015). Improvements in mechanical ventilation-supported cardiac operation patient management continues to be a major focus area for better optimizing clinical results. The FTE (fast-track extubation) theory applied in case of cardiac operation patients is growing in popularity, in a bid to offer more economical and superior-quality healthcare. A large number of research works have established that prompt extubation (i.e., between 6 and 8 hours after surgery) may be a safe step, whilst decreasing admission and resource use expenses (Cheng, Karski & Peniston, 1996). In spite of the aforementioned advantages, prompt extubation is not consistently performed, underscoring the need to adopt a protocolized strategy for decreasing setbacks and variations and linked to weaning mechanical ventilation. Time-guided extubation protocols’ benefits have been adequately….

Patient Education Decrease Anxiety Undergoing Invasive Cardiac Procedures
Annotated Bibliography

In this case, one of the main areas of topic is based on the role played by initial patient education on the anxiety of patients undergoing noninvasive cardiovascular surgery. It has been reported that the initial education provided by the nurses to the patient in relation to the noninvasive cardiac surgery helps the patient, as there is a great reduction in stress and level of anxiety in relation to the surgical procedures and the outcomes.

Riegel, B (ed). Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. Philadelphia, U.S..

The journal is a complete online source for the information needed by the nurses in accordance to the procedures that can be used to reduce anxiety levels in the patients undergoing noninvasive cardiac surgery. These days it is important that the patients be taken into complete confidence by making sure they are aware of the procedures that they are going….

This is vital because medical personnel could administer something that causes life threatening symptoms if taken with an anticoagulant.
The final educational area that needs to be covered are the changes that must take place in the daily life of the patient. The patient must be careful not to cut himself or herself, In addition the patient must be careful not to take part in activities that might cause injury as injury can cause the patient to hemorrhage.

GI POBLEMS

Three common GI problems include heartburn, ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome. Each of these conditions can cause stomach upset. Heartburn can be treated with over the counter medications, including Zantac. Ulcers require a specific antibiotic and a stomach acid reducer and IBS is often treated with stomach acid reducers. In addition all three conditions respond favorably to changes in diet.

The medications for heartburn can be purchased over the counter, as can Zantac….

The procedure itself and the hospital stay associated with it is only one small chapter in the patient's life. They will eventually go home and will have many years after the procedure. It is important for the nursing staff to make a positive impact on how they feel about the procedure. The procedure will represent a lasting memory to the patient. If the patient perceives this to be a time of strength and care from nurturing individuals then it will help them to be able to develop the coping mechanisms necessary to learn to live with the after-effects of the procedure.
If the patient sees this as a negative experience, then it could produce unwanted effects such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or other emotional problems that could have an effect on their ability to cope with the life changes. Those that develop appropriate coping mechanisms will be more likely….

Congestive Cardiac Failure: Nursing Perspective
Congestive heart failure is a congenital condition that affects millions of American's every year. Heart failure often manifests in a chronic condition for victims of the disease.

There are several nursing interventions important for control and maintenance of the condition. Congestive heart failure can result in serious complications including edema, respiratory disorders and can lead to premature death. Treating congestive heart failure appropriately is critical to a patient's outcome. Perhaps even more critical to a patient's outcome is patient education targeted at prevention and healthy living. Nursing management of the condition depends upon appropriate medical evaluation, medication administration, monitoring and patient education. These ideas are explored in greater detail below.

Congestive heart failure is often congenital in nature. Congestive heart failure usually manifests when the cardiac muscle is old and tired and stops circulating properly. This may result from damage to the heart; alternatively myocarditis and cardio….

Implantable Cardiac Devices
Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States but there are a number of different implantable cardiac devices (ICDs) available today, including pacemakers, defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization devices, that can help people with heart disease or failure go on to lead normal lives by regulating their heart beats through a series of electric shocks. To determine the facts about these devices, this paper provides a review of the literature to explain the respective indications for these devices as well as their differences. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning these implantable cardiac devices are provided in the conclusion.

eview and Discussion

Indications for each of the following: Pacemaker, ICD (defibrillator) & Cardiac esynchronization Devices

Pacemaker. According to Gregoratos et al. (1), this type of ICD is indicated for patients suffering from abnormalities of atrioventricular (AV) conduction which may be asymptomatic; however,….

Maxton, F.J.C., Justin, L. & Gillies, D. (2004). Estimating core temperature in infants and children after cardiac surgery: a comparison of six methods. Journal of Advanced Nursing 45(2): 214-22.
What is the research question? If it is not explicitly written, but is implicit in the article, suggest null and alternative hypotheses.

Which temperature-taking site yields the most accurate readings in babies and young children following cardiac surgery? Temperature is usually measured using the pulmonary artery as a "gold standard." However, the authors hypothesize that because the pulmonary artery cannot be used in the majority of the patients in the target population, other methods can and should be used. In addition to pulmonary artery temperature, the temperatures can be taken at the rectal, bladder, nasopharyngeal, axillary, and tympanic sites.

List the variables used in the study and identify each of them as either independent or dependent variables. Also describe the level or scale of….

internal validity and external validity are important when designing, implementing, and reviewing empirical research. Internal validity refers to the design of the research and its methodology. Issues like sampling, statistical analyses, robustness of the variables, survey instruments, and researcher bias can impact internal validity. With regards to my research question, internal validity is of the utmost importance. The independent variables in this case include two different types of interventions: bloodless cardiac surgeries and blood transfusions. However, it is important to operationalize these two independent variables so that the researchers are clear on what exactly constitutes a bloodless surgery and a blood transfusion. Moreover, issues like hospital setting must be taken into account as a potentially confounding variable. When, where, and how these procedures are implemented can all have a bearing on the internal validity of the research design.
Likewise, the dependent variables are morbidity and mortality in patients. It is….

satisfactorily completed all elements of your job description?
Yes __X____ No

Are there areas where you exceeded the standards?

Yes ____X__ No

If yes, describe: areas:

One area in which I feel like I made a positive contribution to the team and exceeded standards was through the education of nursing fundamentals for the OR, SICU and Cath LAB nurses. For example, to provide a framework for education grand rounds instituted and seemed to have a positive effect on the staff in regards to learning. Other areas in which I believe that I exceeded standards would be in the program-patient flow, process improvement, communication, and the hand-off of patient information. There were also service-implemented changes made that including items such as converting from the reprocessing of AV temporary pacing cables to disposable pacing cables which are better suited for reduction in RSSI, adding cost measurements to streamline the use of medical packs, organized shelf inventory….

This is then followed by a discussion and recommendations for future study. The findings offers hope that there could be prevention measures to drastically reduce the likelihood of developing dementia symptoms when health factors are emphasized while risk factors are reduced. This has implications for the drive towards healthy aging that has become an increasing concern in society today.

One potential shortcoming of the article is its nature as a review article. There is therefore a specific lack of practical study to confirm the findings presented by the literature. Nevertheless, the research is highly valuable in terms of creating a premise for future studies of this kind, where practical information can be gathered to confirm the literature outcomes. Ultimately, the article could be the basis of many effective measures to prevent the burden that dementia has become for individuals with the condition and those who are obliged to care for them.….