Caring Essays (Examples)

The results of this analysis highlight the need for hospitals to fine-tune their discharge process to reduce readmissions, and support the expenditure of additional resources for this purpose as a cost-effective intervention; as an example, author cites a hospital in Iowa that implemented a rigorous post-discharge planning process for patients with heart failure and 30-day readmission rates were reduced by 3-9% during the 3-month period following implementation.

Conclusion

The research showed that many elderly patients who suffer from congestive heart failure also suffer from a wide range of comorbid conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. These patients can be reasonably expected to require periodic or even frequent treatment in emergency departments and/or hospitalizations for these conditions, making the need for effective and seamless post-discharge planning especially important. In this regard, the research also showed that there are some valuable evidence-based practice guidelines available, though, that can help clinicians better coordinate post-discharge…

In addition the effect of bill has changed the documentation awarded through the state as of a certificate toward a license and authorizes a doctor to pass on duties to a PA with the purpose of managing physician's scope of performance however Another effect of bill has enabled Indiana's doctor assistants to widen their area of the health care services and also provided an innovative average of patient care (Stephanie, Matlock (27 April, 2007). Health care bills gives right to patient to know what health care should be known by the plan as well as several limits on care, kinds of health care be not enclosed, any treatment diagram required to endorse in advance. Yearly planning about on disburse to physician and health providers, file a complaint regarding any, disagreement between patient and the plan, and also procedure to make complaint, allowance to access emergency room twenty four hours a…

Bibliography

American-Speech Language Hearing Association. (2007) Characteristics of Licensure Law. Retrieved on November 29, 2007 from www.asha.org

New York State. (April 2007) Managed Care Bill of Rights. Retrieved on November 29, 2007 from www.health.state.ny.us

Federal Trade Commission. (October 21, 2002) FTC staff opposes Ohio Bill to Allow Physician Collective Bargaining. Retrieved on November 29, 2007 at  http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2002/10/physicians.shtm 

Girardin, Pierre. Internet Health Services: A Case Study. Retrieved on November 29, 2007 from  https://www.isoc.org/inet96/proceedings/h5/h5_2.htm

This view drastically alters the understanding of the situation of the Ugandan abductees, as represented in the documentary Invisible Children. While there are definitely issues of justice at work in the scenario, there is also a fundamental failure within the communities to protect their children from the rebels, and a failure in the relationship with these rebels to help everyone work towards each other's mutual benefice. Though the rebel army is ostensibly attempting to overthrow the Ugandan government, it appears as though many if not most of the rebels' acts of violence are directed towards the poor and underdeveloped populations form which the rebels themselves came, many of them as abducted children themselves -- the majority of them still children, in fact, as few of them live into adulthood and new kidnapped conscripts regularly replenish the troops. An understanding of the true ills at work in the society that produce…

Care work or social work akin with any other human endeavor has a host of different perspectives that are used either in unison or in combination to direct it.

Its dominant perspectives are the following:

ystem theory

This is the view that all systems interact and that when, for instance, one works with a patient one needs to involve the family and community too and take all of the patient "s life into consideration for each impacts the other. The whole works as a holistic whole and, for instance, the child's school can effect the child as much as the child can the teacher and so forth. ystems have interrelated parts, and tend towards equilibrium.

Care workers use this system in a practical way by forging networks between the different ecosystems (for instance between child's school, community, and family) and by drawing ecomaps and genograms for understanding the dynamics of…

Source

OVERVIEW OF THEORIES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR & THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

 http://ncsss.cua.edu/res/docs/field/theories.pdf

Care Case Study

Slide 1 Footnotes

There have been enormous changes due to introduction of various cultural elements in the continuum of care. Before, when people were admitted to assisted living facilities or hospital settings, there were very little cultural elements outside of the majority culture which had sponsored the facility. For example, if a facility was associated with some sort of church or temple, there were elements of that religion present, but there was little alternatives for members of other cultures or religions.

Yet, today, there are now a much wider array of cultural elements available in assisted living homes and hospital facilities. Assisted living programs are regulated on the level of the state.

As such, different states have different types of programs and policies that impact the degree to which cultural characteristics are included or excluded within various assisted living facilities. Some programs encourage cultural elements of patients…

References

ALFA - Assisted Living Federation of America. (2009). Assisted Living Regulations and Licensing. Retrieved from  http://www.alfa.org/State_Regulations_and_Licensing_Informat.asp 

Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. (2011). Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy. Retrieved from http://www.medpac.gov/documents/Mar11_EntireReport.pdf

National Caregivers Library. (2012). Independent Living Facilities. Retrieved from  http://www.caregiverslibrary.org 

Next Step in Care. (2012). Reducing the Stress of Hospitalization for Patients with Dementia and their Family Caregivers: A Guide. Family Caregiver Alliance. Retrieved from  http://caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content_node.jsp?nodeid=2449#researchpractice

As well as expanding patient's abilities to obtain primary care, virtually, telemedicine can enable patients in isolated locations to see specialists. When rural patients are connected to a hospital network such as the Grinnell egional Medical Center, they are able to access high-quality physicians through some of the more advanced healthcare technology available, although this is not always possible in a local healthcare system with fewer physicians and less access to high-level technology. Technology can still enable patients in a variety of settings to keep track of vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar, and to alert their physician immediately if their readings are abnormal.

While some surgeons have even performed procedures through virtual consults, certain aspects of medicine remain challenging to provide rural patients, such as physical rehabilitative services, which may require the patient to travel to receive the full benefit of the services. Patients…

References

Campbell, James D. (2001, May). Introducing telemedicine technology to rural physicians and settings. Journal of Family Practice. Retrieved January 27, 2011 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0689/is_5_50/ai_75244766/ 

Spath, Patrice. (2011). Community Continuum of Care planning.

Brown-Spath & Associates. Retrieved January 27, 2011 at  http://www.brownspath.com/original_articles/cccplan.htm

Quality Care

Although there are several considerations one must weigh prior to defining medical care quality, one of the most effective definitions of this term is that care which ultimately achieves the greatest benefit while taking the lowest risk in doing so. In many ways, this notion is at the heart of the Affordable Care Act, for the simple fact that one of the principle components of this act is to emphasize preventative care since insured people's "policy will cover more than 60 preventive tests and treatments as required" (Glasserman and Hensel, 2013). Virtually no one can argue with the fact that there is a low risk associated with providing preventative care and, if implemented correctly in a safe care delivery model, it can also achieve the greatest benefit to individual health care patients, the system itself, and to the country as a whole. Thus, the prudent researchers of medical…

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Affordable Care Act helping prevent disease. www.cdc.gov. Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/features/AffordableCareAct/ 

Glasser, M. Hensel, B. (2013). Preventive care services and the Affordable Care Act. www.nbclosangeles.com. Retrieved from  http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Preventive-Care-Services-and-the-Affordable-Care-Act-223984451.html

Prior to the HQA initiative, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as well as the Joint Commission both collected data on these quality of care indicators; however, in the past, these reports were submitted in different forms making across-the-board comparisons difficult or impossible. As a result of the HQA initiative, though, it is possible to compare these quality of care indicators at the national level.

Using quality of care indicators for acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia, these researchers assessed the quality of care being provided by 4,203 hospitals that submit data to the HQA database and determined quality of care exists along a broad continuum that ranges from superior care in these areas to some that are deficient, with acute myocardial infarction being rated among most disparate in the quality of care provided. Although generally rated as high on these metrics, the study found that the…

Care:

Issler is a patient who recently moved with his daughter-in-law who is no longer married to his son. As part of her interest in helping to take care of Mr. Issler, she noticed that he was pale and diaphoretic after a two and a half hour flight. The daughter-in-law took him to an emergency room where he was attended to by a cardiologist and set a follow-up check up for an echo cardiogram next week. Mr. Issler has complained of congestive heart failure and a history of deep vein thrombosis. The cardiologist recommended that he seeks out a primary care provider and check up of his thyroid. As the primary care provider, the patient has also expressed his uncertainties on whether he has hyper of hypo thyroidism though he has been under thyroid medication for several years. In addition to being very pale, he has a large bag of…

References:

Bray, D.L. (n.d.). Thyroid Storm and the AACN Synergy Model. Journal of Nursing. Retrieved from http://rnjournal.com/journal-of-nursing/thryoid-storm-and-the-aacn-synergy-model

Drewes at. al. (2012, October). The Effectiveness of Chronic Care Management for Heart Failure: Meta-Regression Analyses to Explain the Heterogeneity in Outcomes. Health Services Research, 47(5), 1926-1959.

Hardin, S. & Hussey, L. (2003, February). AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care Case Study of a CHF Patient. Critical Care Nurse, 23(1), 73-76. Retrieved from  http://ccn.aacnjournals.org/content/23/1/73.full.pdf 

Kaplow, R. & Reed, K.D. (2008). The AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care: A Nursing

Care of Cancer:

In the past few years, cancer has developed to become one of the major leading causes of deaths across the globe. The disease can be described as the uncontrolled growth or development of abnormal cells in the body even as cancerous cells are also known as malignant cells. Since cells are the building blocks of humans and other living things, cancer develops out of the normal cells within the body. Generally, the normal cells multiply when needed by the body and die when the body does not need them. When the growth of the cells in the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly, cancer appears to occur. Nonetheless, cancer also appears to happen when cells in the body forget how to die.

Causes of Cancer:

There are various kinds of cancer because the disease can develop in nearly every tissue or organ like…

Reference:

Barraclough, J. (2002). Integrated Cancer Care. Retrieved from Royal College of Psychiatrists

website:  http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/PDF/barraclough.pdf 

"Cancer Complications." (n.d.). Info.com. Retrieved August 31, 2012, from http://topics.info.com/Cancer-Complications_3416

"Cancer Staging." (2010, September 22). National Cancer Institute Factsheet. Retrieved from National Cancer Institute website:  http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/staging

Care of Cancer

Cancer diagnosis

In many cases the sooner cancer is diagnosed and treatment begins the better the chances of a person recovering fully. If one develops cancer they can improve the chance of early detection if they have regular medical checkups and do some self-exams. Doctors often find early cancer during a physical exam or when carrying out routine tests even when there were no symptoms presented.

There are several methods that are used to diagnose cancer .with technological advancement these methods are now better as they help in a better understanding of cancer .there are now many diagnostic tools that can be used in cancer detection. Once cancer I suspected a diagnosis is made by pathologists and oncopathologists and imaging radiologists. The common diagnostic methods are;

Biopsy

This test involves a small tissue sample being taken from the area where cancer is suspected using a fine tipped…

References

Mandal, A.(2010). Cancer Diagnosis.Retrieved September 24,2013 from  http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cancer-Diagnosis.aspx 

American Society of Clinical Oncolog.(2013). Stages of Cancer. Retrieved September 24,2013 from  http://www.cancer.net/all-about-cancer/treating-cancer/stages-cancer 

Armstrong, B.(2012).What are the different stages of cancer and what do they mean? Retrieved September 24,2013 from http://www.cancerinstitute.org.au/patient-support/what-i-need-to-know/about-cancer/what-are-the-different-stages-of-cancer

Info.com.(2013).Cancer complications. Retrieved September 24,2013 from http://topics.info.com/Cancer-Complications_3416

The emphasis is on normal, everyday activities provided for residents. According to the authors, however, little research has been conducted to investigate the actual effect of such activities and settings upon residents. The assumption is that such settings have a better effect that traditional institutions, but there is little empirical research to support this.

Hence, Verbeek et al. (2010) conducted a study to compare small-scale living with regular care in nursing homes in the Netherlands. Interestingly, they found no significant difference between the quality of life experienced by residents in traditional institutional settings and those in small-scale living facilities. Furthermore, there was also no significant difference in the job satisfaction levels of nursing staff between both types of institution was found. Another important aspect, namely neuropsychiatric symptoms and agitation were also significantly similar for both institution types. According to the authors, a difference was found in the satisfaction level of…

References

Gaugler, J.E. (2005, Mar.). Family Involvement in Residential Long-Term Care: A Synthesis and Critical Review. Aging and Mental health, Iss. 9, vol. 2. Retrieved from:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2247412/ 

Lyness, J.M., Yu, Q., Tang, W., Tu, X., and Conwell, Y. (2009, Dec.). Risks for Depression Onset in Primary Care Elderly Patients: Potential Targets for Preventive Interventions. American Journal of Psychiatry. Retrieved from:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982671/ 

Simonazzi, a. (2009, Jun). Home care and cash transfers. Effects on the elderly care-female employment trade-off. Retrieved from: http://www.aiel.it/bacheca/SASSARI/papers/simonazzi.pdf

Verbeek, H., Zwakhalen, S.M.G., Van Rossum, E., Ambergen, T, Kempen, G.I.J.M., and Hamers, J.P.H. (2010, Nov.). Dementia Care Redesigned: Effects of Small-Scale Living Facilities on Residents, their Family Caregivers, and Staff. American Medical directors Association. Retrieved from: http://www.unimaas.nl/hcns/websiteVW/publications/Publication%20scans/Verbeek.%20Dementia%20care%20redesigned.pdf

Furthermore, one of the pillars of collaborative care that will need to be firmly established is the fostering of clear dialogue and a means for strong communication within the care management planning. For instance, there needs to be a clear decision and communication of all tests ordered and when the test results will be available. One of the most important aspects of this collaborative care will be the nursing interventions which can have significant impact on the patient's health and stabilization (Allen, 2010). In fact, strategic nursing care can even minimize readmission rates of Margaret and other patients with comparable conditions (Chen et al., 2012).

Prioritize the Nursing Care Needs of Margaret

The prioritization of nursing interventions is essential, and the way in which a nurse determines this priority is going to be something unique and distinct. "Trials reviewed demonstrated a beneficial impact of nursing interventions for secondary prevention in…

References

Adler, H.M. (n.d.). Toward a biopsychosocial understanding of the patient -- physician relationship: An emerging dialogue. (2007). J Gen Intern Med,22(2), 280 -- 285.

Afilala, J. (n.d.). Frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease: Why, when, and how to measure. (2011). Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep, 5(5), 467 -- 472.

Allen, J.K. (2010). Randomized trials of nursing interventions for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure: Systematic review.

Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,25(3), 207-220.

Care of Prevention

Preventive care is something of a buzzword in contemporary health care issues, particularly in the United States. There are a number of different parties that are propagating the notion to the American people that simply by focusing more on preventative measures, it is possible to achieve two things: lower spending on health care and achieving a more salutary population. Although such statements may resonate with voters when it is time for elections, a number of these claims are not necessarily corroborated by evidence-based measures, which reveal a more complicated situation.

When examining this issue which has been widely convoluted by conventional media outlets, it is important to define the term preventive care. Quite simply, preventive care is that which focuses on wellness and takes active measures to ensure that illness or physical maladies do not occur. It also involves measures to detect any sort of health issues…

References

Cohen, J.T., Neumann, P.J., & Weinstein, M.C. (2008). Does preventative care save money? www.nejm.org Retrieved from  http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0708558 

Maciosek, M.V., Coffield, A.B., Edwards, N.M., Flottemesch, T.J., Goodman, M.J., Solberg, L.I. (2006). Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: results of a systematic review and analysis. Am J. Prev Med. 31: 52-61.

Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Physician's Office Operation

Filling in the hole of health care information technology will endorse safe, capable, patient-centered, and patient care that is fruitful in a timely way. In this essay, the theme is to look into two modern health

care organizations and then compare and contrast many characteristics that will involve the kind of evidence systems are using at the moment, investigate the transmission of information 20 years ago and how the substitute of data today. Furthermore, this essay will cover two major events and technology developments that have inclined present Health Care Informational Services practices.

Compare and Contrast Doctor's Workplace Operation

These day's doctor's office operation is familiarizing to the health care reform that was sanctioned in 2010 by the Obama organization. During sometime in October of 2013, the exchanges in health insurance was available on the market for customers on order to…

References

Burke, D., Wang, B., & Wan T.T.H. & Diana, M. (2009). Exploring Hospitals' Adoptionof IT. Journal of Medical Systems, 21(9), 349 -- 355.

Callen, J., & Braithwaite, J. & . (2008). Cultures in Hospitals and TheirInfluence on Attitudes to, and Satisfaction with, the Use of Clinical InformationSystems. Social Science and Medicine, 65(4), 635-639.

Finchman, R., & Kohli, R. & . (2011). Editorial Overview -- The role of IS inHealthcare. Information Systems Research, 22(3), 419-428.

Cares for Nurses" by Cecil Deans (2004)

hen people become healthcare practitioners today, perhaps one of the furthest things from their minds is the increasingly violent nature of their potential workplaces. In his article, "ho Cares for Nurses" (2004), though, Cecil Deans makes the point that North American healthcare settings are very violent places to work and many institutions are not providing their practitioners with sufficient protections, and some are simply looking the other way -- all at the expense of the mental and physical well-being of their nursing staff. In their essay, "Challenges Facing Nurses' Associations and Unions: A Global Perspective" (2003), Clark and Clark note that, "Nurses, as the most highly trained caregivers with regular patient contact, are at the heart of any health care system. idespread anecdotal evidence suggests that the problems in health care have had a particularly negative effect on the workplace experience of nurses"…

Works Cited

Antai-Otong, Deborah. (2001). Critical Incident Stress Debriefing: A Health Promotion Model

for Workplace Violence. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 37(4):125.

Boyd, Neil. (1995). Violence in the Workplace in British Columbia: A Preliminary

Investigation. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 37(4):491-519.

Care Partnerships Will Maximize ebecca's Independence?

Care partnerships can help ebecca in many ways, including increasing her independence. ebecca cannot be fully independent, but her independence can be maximized via the use of ancillary services. ebecca also needs psychological and social support services as she is feeling increasingly more pessimistic about her changing condition. Given that, the care partnership should include a support group, individual psychological counseling, as well as family counseling. A support group will help ebecca receive support from others in her situation and will reduce ebecca's social dependence on her family. This way, ebecca can enjoy her sister's company and that of her husband and young children without viewing them as her only source of social support. The group will also help ebecca receive advice related to her medication situation, and the breakdown of communication between her and her husband. egarding that, the psychological counseling will be…

References

"Partnerships in Care." Retrieved online:  http://www.partnershipsincare.co.uk/ 

State Government of Victoria (2013). About PCPs. Retrieved online:  http://www.health.vic.gov.au/pcps/about/

This can be accomplished through having them send in different reviews about their experiences at the hotel. The staff will report any kind of issues and will immediately address them. Corporations are playing a role, by helping to provide the maintenance team with valuable supplies that are necessary in delivering these services. At the same time, they can address any kind of labor shortages inside the facility through the outsourcing.

Cost Accounts

To account for the different costs we will focus on strategies that can reduce the expenses of inside the hotel. This will be accomplished through engaging in various energy saving measures such as: fluorescent light bulbs. They use two thirds less energy and will last up to six to ten months longer. If these kinds of programs can be implemented, they will help to dramatically reduce the costs associated with energy. This is one of the largest expenses…

Bibliography

Superweb, 2009, BFS. Available from: [2 De. 2011].

Types of Maintenance, 2011, CMMS Pro. Available from: [2 Dec. 2011].

Anon, 2010, Composite Global Solutions expands their range of environmentally friendly and energy efficient foam insulation products. Info Link. Available from: [2 Dec. 2011]

Deisendorf, M, 2007, Greenhouse Solutions and Sustainable Energy, UNSW Press, Sydney.

98). Tickner understands that men and women have been socialized to view "nurturing" as strictly a "feminine trait" and the "dominance of nature as masculine" -- and that the scientific tradition views nature as "something to be conquered and subjugated" (McNamara, p. 552).

Moreover, Tickner believes that care for the global environment must be seen as a "common human value" that men and women can and should respect; also, she asserts that environmental security goals cannot possibly be reached "as long as scholars and policy makers continue to divide the world according to gender stereotypes…" (McNamara, p. 552). In Mary Mellor's book, Feminism & Ecology, the author believes that it is essential for ecofeminists to critique "patriarchy" because women have "disproportionally born the brunt of environmental destruction" (Urbanik, 2001, p. 116). Still, "…getting the relations between humans right will not resolve the ecological imbalance because the source of much of…

Works Cited

McNamara, Kathleen R., 1993, 'Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security', Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 46, No. 2, 547-553.

Mellor, Mary, 1997, Feminism & Ecology. New York University Press, New York.

Rocheleau, Dianne E., Thomas-Slayter, Barbara P., and Wangari, Esther. 1996, Feminist Political Ecology: Global Issues and Local Experience, Routledge, New York.

Tickner, J. Ann, 1992, Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security, Columbia University Press, New York.

Care Coverage and Inequalities in the Education System

Traditional Care Coverage vs. Managed Care Coverage

Traditional care coverage is also known as Fee-for-service (FFS). Under this model, the patient pays for services that are itemized in the Invoice. The physicians gain an incentive to offer more treatments as payment depends on the quantity of care and not the quality of care. In the health insurance and healthcare sectors, traditional care coverage happens when physicians and other caregivers get a fee for each service like laboratory tests, office visit, procedure and other healthcare services. After providing services, the patient makes payments retrospectively. Traditional health coverage enables the patients to choose a healthcare provider, including a favorite hospital or doctor. The services rendered are paid for by the patient and then submits the bill to the insurance firm for reimbursement of the percentage it agreed to the insurer for the patient (Kongstvedt,…

References

Conchas, G. & Gottfried, M. (2015). Inequality, Power and School Success: Case Studies on Racial Disparity and Opportunity in Education. New York: Routledge

Duncan, G. J. & Murnane, R. J. (2014). Restoring Opportunity: The Crisis of Inequality and the Challenge for American Education. Boston, MA: Harvard Education Press

Health Care and Health for All:

In what the World Health Organization termed as Health for All, the International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978 expressed the need for health workers, urgent government action, and the world community to safeguard and support health for all. In order to achieve health for all people across the globe, the Conference made various declarations including health being an essential human right and a significant world-wide social goal. One of the critical aspects towards the achievement of this Health for All initiative is primary healthcare.

Declarations on Primary Health Care:

As an essential health care service, primary health care can be made universally accessible to people and families through the full participation of the community and at a cost that the community can afford ("Declaration of Alma-Ata," n.d.). Primary health care acts as the initial level of contact of people, families, and communities…

References:

Bassett, M.T. (2006, December). 'Health for All In the 21st Century.' American Journal of Public Health, 96(12), 2089. Retrieved from  

"Studies of the relationship between managed care penetration in the health care market and expenditures for Medicare fee-for-service enrollees have demonstrated the existence of these types of spill over effects" (Bundorf et al., 2004).

Managed care organizations generate these types of spillover effects by increasing competition in the health care market, altering the arrangement of the health care delivery system, and altering physician practice patterns. Studies have found that higher levels of managed care infiltration are linked with lower rates of hospital cost inflation and lower physician fees are consistent with competitive effects. "Other studies demonstrate the impact of managed care on delivery system structure including hospital capacity, hospital admission patterns, the size and composition of the physician workforce and the adoption and use of medical equipment and technologies. More recent evidence has linked market-level managed care activity to the process, but not the outcomes of care" (Bundorf et al.,…

References

Altman, D.E. And L. Levin. (2005). The Sad History of Health Care Cost Containment as

Told by One Client. Health Affairs, 24(1).

Bodenheimer, T. (2005). High and rising health care costs. part 1: Seeking an explanation.

Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(10), 847-54.

U.S. Health Care System is a series of geographically-determined networks. Established according to American beliefs and values, the system provides essentially two models of health care: the Market Justice Model, based on free enterprise and individual responsibility and ability/willingness to pay; the Social Justice Model, based on the public and equitable provision of basic health care services to all members. The two models are often in conflict with each other, with the Market Justice Model currently being the primary model.

Definition of a Health Care System

A "Health Care System" is commonly defined as "the complete network of agencies, facilities, and all providers of health care in a specified geographic area" (Mosby, 2008). Given that very broad definition, the United States has health care systems spanning such geographical areas as the entire nation, states, counties, cities, towns, villages and neighborhoods.

Implications of Beliefs and Values on a Health Care System…

Works Cited

Daniels, N. (2001). Justice, health and health care. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 from www.hsph.harvard.edu Web site:  http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/benchmark/ndaniels/pdf/justice_health.pdf 

Mosby. (2008). Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Shi, L., & Singh, D.A. (2010). Essentials of the U.S. Health Care System, 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Surowiecki, J. (2009, August 31). Status-quo anxiety. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 from www.newyorker.com Web site:  http://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2009/08/31/090831ta_talk_surowiecki

com). A certain amount of errors is to be expected, but there should not be so many that it demonstrates a certain level of skewedness about the model in its entirety. Thus, if the NHI model is the one which is selected, then it needs to be tested against a range of different scenarios. The following demonstrate some truly relevant what-ifs: what if the doctors only move half the projected volume; what if medicare slashes rates; what if competitors open a comparable program (dgapartners.com).

There are a range of factors which can change or adjust once a healthcare facility opens their doors for business. And as much as this facility is attempting to engage in a solid humanitarian effort, at the end of the day, it's still a business and people need to get paid. Thus, before engaging in further developmental activities, one needs to determine in what ways the…

References

Brakatu Ofori-Adjei, a. (2007). Microfinance: An Alternative Means of Healthcare Financing for the Poor. Ghana Medical Journal, 193-194.

Burnstein, L., Harris, R., & Love, L. (2012, August 30). Top Four Legal Issues to Consider When Opening an Urgent Care Center. Retrieved from Mondaq.com:  http://www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/x/194082/Healthcare/Estate+planning+is+important+step 

Burnstein, M., Harris, R.L., & Love, L. (2012, August 20). Top Four Legal Issues to Consider When Opening an Urgent Care Center. Retrieved from Mondaq.com:

Business of Health Care

This study highlights essential facts about health care and health in the local, national, and international health care delivery. Healthcare in the U.S. stands at crossroads between opportunities and challenges. Both the local, national, and international health systems face common problems in the delivery of efficient, high quality and equal health services. All these are concurrently happening in times when the amount of care delivered exceeds the resource base. In the U.S., the demand for healthcare, just as in any industrialized country, is rising because of rising public expectation and the ageing population. The combination of technological developments and demographic changes increases the provision costs (Garman, oyer & Johnson, 2011).

Consequently, local, national, and international health care delivery systems are facing same issues of service rationing to cut costs due to a decreasing tax base for paying a rising demand and an increasing demand. Similarly, maintaining…

References

Garman, A.N., Royer, T.C., & Johnson, T.J. (2011). The future of healthcare: Global trends worth watching. Chicago, Ill: Health Administration Press.

Geisler, E., Krabbendam, K., & Schuring, R. (2013). Technology, health care, and management in the hospital of the future. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Gibson, R., & Singh, J.P. (2012). The battle over health care: What Obama's reform means for America's future. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Kolker, A. (2011). Management engineering for effective healthcare delivery: Principles and application. Hershey: Medical Information Science Reference.

Access to Health Care in USA

This research paper focuses on the degree of accessibility to the health care services in the U.S.A. Accessibility refers to the ability of an individual to meet health care needs and to acquire the needed medical services on time. It then discusses the findings of the research. The suggestions for the elimination of the prevailing problems in the health care system are also given in the preceding paper.

Health Care: Access to Health Care in United States of America

To achieve a long-lasting life and to save oneself from major diseases it is important that people have an easy access to the medical and health care services. Access to the health care services means that individual gets timely health services to attain the best heath results. In other words it refers to the ability of an individual to meet health needs and to acquire…

References

Albert, R. (2009). The U.S. Health Care Rip-Off. Retrieved May 16, 2013, from  http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/03/the-u-s-health-care-rip-off/ 

Alex, E. (2012). Health Care Access Worsened For Americans Since 2000: Report. Retrieved May 16, 2013, from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/07/health-care-access-urban-institute_n_1497658.html 

Maria, E. (2012). Benefits of the United States Health Care System. Retrieved May 17, 2013, from http://www.ehow.com/list_7411670_benefits-states-health-care-system_.html

Maryann, B (2011). Health Care Systems: Three International Comparisons. Retrieved May 17, 2013, from  http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/soc_sec/health.htm

Future of Healthcare as it Relates to the Geriatric Population

Description and Problem Statement

The geriatric population in the United States is growing and compared to the population of health care providers the geriatric population growth is advancing much more rapidly. This presents a problem in making provision of health care to the future geriatric population. While there is a growth in the demand for geriatric health care services, there is not a matching growth in the population of health care providers and in fact, a shortage presently exists.

The population of geriatric patients is experiencing rapid growth while the population of health care providers specifically trained in geriatric medicine is seriously lagging behind. In fact, of the approximately 650,000 medical doctors who are practicing, only a small percentage receives the training and education required to provide geriatric care. Exacerbating the problem is the fact that only three medical schools…

Bibliography

Bagel, LM (2011) Designs to Support Aging Acute Care Patients. Elder Care. Health Facilities Management. Retrieved from:  http://www.hfmmagazine.com/hfmmagazine/jsp/articledisplay.jsp?dcrpath=HFMMAGAZINE/Article/data/04APR2012/0412HFM_FEA_interiors&domain=HFMMAGAZINE 

Gottlieb, S. (2013) Medicare Has Stopped Paying Bills For Medical Diagnostic Tests. Patients Will Feel The Effects. Forbes 27 Mar 2013. Retrieved from:  http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottgottlieb/2013/03/27/medicare-has-stopped-paying-bills-for-medical-diagnostic-tests-patients-will-feel-the-effects/2/ 

Graverholt, B., et al. (2011) Acute hospital admissions among nursing home residents: a population-based observational study. BMC Health Services Research 2011. Retrieved from:  http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/11/126 

Healthcare in America: Trends in Utilization (2004) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from:  http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/healthcare.pdf

Healthcare and Economics:

Health care costs have continued to increase in the past few decades despite of the numerous health reform initiatives. Currently, these expenditures account for more than 18% of GDP in the United States, a percentage that is expected to continue rising significantly. Actually, it's projected that the share will rise to 34% of GDP by 2040 if health care costs continue to increase at historical rates. The increased health care costs have considerable impacts on households, insurance companies, and government budgets. For instance, households with employer-financed health insurance will have a progressively minimal portion of their total compensation in the form of take-home pay. On the other hand, a progressively larger fraction of compensation will be in the form of employer-provided health insurance. Governments will be forced to cater for more than 50% of health care expenditures if they continue to increase at historical rates. Therefore, the…

References:

Harrington, L. (2011, May). Career Scope: Balancing Quality and Costs During Economic

Downturns. Nursing Management, 42(5), 46-48. Retrieved from  http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/JournalArticle?Article_ID=1163319&Journal_ID=54013&Issue_ID=1163211 

Philipson, T. (2013, October 31). Obamacare or Not, Healthcare Costs are Set to Soar. Forbes.

Retrieved December 3, 2013, from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomasphilipson/2013/10/31/obamacare-or-not-healthcare-costs-are-set-to-soar/

Primary Care

Beard, C., Weisberg, .B., & Primack, J. (2012). Socially anxious primary care patients' attitudes toward cognitive bias modification (CBM): a qualitative study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 40(05), 618-633.

This study shows how traditional methods of approaching patients with information can cause confusion and thus create barriers to accessing patient knowledge in primary care settings. The study focused on working with primary care patients suffering from anxiety and how they reacted to cognitive bias modification (CBM) for that anxiety. Upon initial discussion of the treatment, most participants showed that they understood. However, it was clear by the end of the treatment that the program was not clarified enough to patients prior to treatment and that created a knowledge barrier that caused the treatment not to work as successfully as previously tested. Better methods for communicating the treatment within the primary care setting must be developed to bring down these…

References

Beard, C., Weisberg, R.B., & Primack, J. (2012). Socially anxious primary care patients' attitudes toward cognitive bias modification (CBM): a qualitative study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 40(05), 618-633.

Beckman, H.B., Wendland, M., Mooney, C., Krasner, M.S., Quill, T.E., Suchman, A.L., & Epstein, R.M. (2012). The impact of a program in mindful communication on primary care physicians. Academic Medicine, 87(6), 815-819.

Cheung, P.T., Wiler, J.L., Lowe, R.A., & Ginde, A.A. (2012). National study of barriers to timely primary care and emergency department utilization among Medicaid beneficiaries. Annals of emergency medicine, 60(1), 4-10.

Crabtree, B.F., Nutting, P.A., Miller, W.L., McDaniel, R.R., Stange, K.C., Jaen, C.R., & Stewart, E. (2011). Primary care practice transformation is hard work: insights from a 15-year developmental program of research. Medical care, 49(Suppl), S28.

Healthcare Reform

The subject of healthcare reform set the country ablaze last year, proving to be one of the most contentious issues that has swept through American political discourse in recent decades. One reason that healthcare reform might have proven to be such a contentious issue -- bringing out the worst and shrillest elements of the American public -- was that healthcare is one of the most important issues in the lives of many and even most Americans (Christensen and Jason, 2009).

All of us will face serious illness at some point in our lives, whether our own or that of a loved one. The fact that so many Americans do not have any healthcare at all or have very limited access to healthcare makes the issue a personal one, and this alone should have made it central to the public discourse. However, while the above was no doubt the…

Works Cited

Christensen, Clayton and Jason, Grossman. The Innovator's Prescription, New York: McGraw Hill, 2009.

http://www.healthreform.gov/index1.html

Mahar, Maggie. Money-Driven Medicine: The Real Reason Health Care Costs So Much. New York:Harper/Collins, 2006.

Reid, T.R. The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper and Fairer Health Care. New York: Penquin Books, 2009.

National Health Care Spending in the United States

For several years now, health care spending in the U.S. has been on the rise. In that regard, containing the situation has become a major headache not only for the government but also for consumers and employees looking for ways of keeping up with raising costs. In this text, I explain my position on the national health care spending in the U.S. In so doing, I will review the current health care expenditures at the national level and whether the same can be said to be sufficient or insufficient. Further, I will also make recommendations on where in my own opinion additions or cuts seem necessary. Next, I will discuss how the health care needs of the public are paid for. This paper will also provide a forecast of the various health care system needs going forward and why it is necessary…

References

Chantrill, C. (2011). U.S. Healthcare Spending. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from  http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/us_health_care_spending_10.html 

Healey, B.J. & Lesneski, C.D. (2011). Transforming Public Health Practice: Leadership and Management Essentials. John Willey and Sons.

The Tax Foundation (2010). Net Cuts to Medicare, Increased Medicare Tax on High-Income Earners Comprise Bulk of Funding. Retrieved from  http://www.taxfoundation.org/research/show/26067.html

Motivational Healthcare Techniques

Healthcare Motivational Essay

Most companies would concur that human resources are one of the most -- if not the most -- valuable assets a company has. And what is the healthcare industry besides a (usually) for-profit company? Oftentimes, however, there is an incongruent dichotomy between healthcare management and its employees, or more properly called its caregivers. Hiring, training, and employment policies may sometimes conflict greatly with the company's (hospital's) bottom line, which is profitability, over the ability to maintain high or even average motivation amongst its workers. This paper seeks to explore at least three ways a rapprochement might be met between upper management successfully handling the bottom line -- profit -- and exhorting its agents (employees, or caregivers) to keep their motivation high enough to reach maximum levels for both parties.

The first motivational technique worth noting is one in which a study conducted by S.…

References

Clark, Paul F., Darlene A. Clark, David V. Day, Dennis G. Shea. (Oct., 2001). Healthcare reform and the workplace experience of nurses: implications for patient care and union organization. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 133-148.

Gagne, Marylene, and Edward L. Deci. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp 331-362.

Pugh, Douglas S., Joerg Dietz, Jack W. Wiley, Scott M. Brooks. (Nov., 2002). Driving service effectiveness through employee-customer linkages. The Academy of Management Executive., Vol 16, No. 4, pp. 73-84.

Figures

Communication Information echnology in Healthcare

Use of Communication and Information echnology in Healthcare

he processes, procedures and strategies healthcare organizations rely on to attain their objectives through collaboration and continual knowledge transfer are being accelerated by the widespread adoption of smartphones globally. More than any other technology, smartphones are revolutionizing how healthcare organizations ensure real-time data and intelligence about patents, procedures for improving patent care, and availability of resources are used. he goals of this analysis include and evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of smartphone technology's use in healthcare, including an assessment of their inherent advantages and disadvantages in streamlining information and intelligence workflows. he impact of smartphone technologies on consumers and their cumulative financial impact on health provider organizations over the near- and long-term are also included in this analysis. his analysis concludes with a set of recommendations for clarifying and strengthening the role of smartphones in healthcare-related…

Their small, compact size, highly integrated electronics, advanced Wi-Fi and 3G functionality and pervasive software support have transformed smart phones into the most dominant technology platform in healthcare today (Tounsi, Qureshi, 2008). Their advantages include the configurability to support secured and private communication between medical staffs, high degree of customization at the user interface and application level to support specific medical practice requirements and the ability to use them in networked workgroups protected with secured logins (Johnson, 2011). For all of these advantages however, they have just as many drawbacks including the high cost of configuring them for use within a secured hospital network, the costs of support and continual maintenance given how much activity they see in hospital and healthcare uses and the need to ensure a very high level of data security and compliance to government requirements (Johnson, 2011). Healthcare providers are relying increasingly on Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to secure smartphone, tablet, laptop and Wi-Fi traffic throughout their treatment care centers and facilities, with many using VPNs across their entire campus locations (Tounsi, Qureshi, 2008). Despite these limitations, smartphones continue to proliferate throughout many of the areas of healthcare that need to have scalable, secured platforms for managing employee data and records.

Impact on Consumers of SmartPhone Technology

Significant and growing quickly, the impact of smartphones on consumers continues to accelerate. As of the beginning of 2012 there are over 60 different Google Android-powered smartphones

Despite of the receipt of federal funding to assist in the set-up of an insurance exchange program, the Minnesota legislature is not cooperating with the Governor Drayton's plans to design a program. Instead, in a classic example of partisan politics, the legislature is going forward with its own plans to design an exchange program. In doing so, the legislature is placing the State of Minnesota in a position of possibly losing the grant provided by the federal government. According to the grant provisions, the state must show it can operate an effective exchange program by the end of calendar year 2012 or the federal government under the terms of ACA will impose a one size fits all exchange on the state. Even the state's most conservative political groups oppose this happening and advocate that the state's executive and legislative branches cooperate in formulating an acceptable state exchange program.

The effect…

Works Cited

Berkel, Jessica Van. "HCMC fights back against Pawlenty's GAMC Cuts." 3 December 2009. Minnesota Daily .  http://www.mndaily.com/2009/12/03/hcmc-fights-back-against-pawlenty%E2%80%99s-gmac-cuts . 7 April 2012.

Gray, Virginia. "Incrementing Toward Nowhere: Universal Health Care Coveragein the States." Publius (2010): 82-113.

Harrington, Scott E. "The Health Insurance Reform Debate." The Journal of Risk and Insurance (2010): 5-38.

Minnesota Department of Human Services. "General Assistance Medical Care." 11 September 2011.  http://www.dhs.state.mn.us/main/idcplg?IdcService=GET_DYNAMIC_CONVERSION&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&Redirected=true&dDocName=id_006257 . 7 April 2012.

This ensures each data entry point has a very clear purpose in the overarching development of the enterprise-wide IT systems throughout a healthcare provider (Tan, Payton, 2010). By taking this top-down governance and process management approach to defining an IT structure with data points, a healthcare organization can also ensure a much higher level of security to their entire network as well (Dwyer, einer, Siegel, 2004). Aligning IT spending to processes and governance frameworks ensures a higher level of performance.

3. Describe a situation where you would use a CHIN or HINO system to provide care. How would you utilize cloud computing?

The Community Health Information Network (CHIN) and egional Health Information Network Organizations (HINO) are best suited to serving a broad base of patients across a wide geographic and socioeconomic area. The CHIN platform has been specifically tailored to the development of metro and urban requirements, with success in…

References

Dwyer, S.J., Reiner, B.I., Siegel, E.L. (2004). Security

Hickman, G.T., Smaltz, DH (2008). The Healthcare Information Technology Planning Field book: Tactics, Tools and Templates for Building your IT Plan. Chicago: HIMSS. ISBN 978-0-9800697-1-6.

Tan, J., Payton, F.C. (2010). Adaptive Health Management Information Systems: Concepts Cases and Practical Applications (3rd ed.). Boston: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 13: 978-0-7637-5691-8.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care

Act (PPACA). This is more commonly referred among United States Citizens as Health Care eform.

This revolutionary law offers three main guarantees: First, health insurance for all American's, not just those who can afford it; Second, cost reduction in the insurance premiums for individuals and businesses; Lastly, higher quality care. On the surface, the PPACA seems all around beneficial for all

American's, but there are some aspects that need to be further analyzed. There is no doubt, this law will give those who are uninsured or under-insured, better coverage and ensure better quality health care, but there is one factor that may have been overlooked; the PPACA comes at great financial cost for citizens, will take a decade to fully implement and will be not be sustainable for generations to…

References

Blumberg, L. (2010, July 6). How Will the PPACA Impact Individual and Small Group

Premiums in the Short- and Long-Term? Retrieved May 5, 2012, from Urban Institute: Health Policy Center:  http://www.urban.org/health_policy/url.cfm?ID=412128 

FLAHEC. (2007). Health Services Administrative and Clerical Staff . Retrieved May 6, 2012, from Florida Area Health Education Centers:  http://www.flahec.org/hlthcareers/HCADMIN.htm 

Owcharenko, N. (2005, June 21). A Road Map for Medicaid Reform. Retrieved May 6, 2012, from The Heritage Foundation:  http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2005/06/A-Road-Map-for-Medicaid-Reform

The penalties for being out of compliance when OSHA comes knocking should be enough to motivate any healthcare facility to devise a plan to make sure that they are in compliance with OSHA's regulations. The startling thing is that it took an initiative like NEP to wake these facilities up and get them thinking about being compliant. Since they deal with people and their well being on an everyday basis, these are things that they should have been doing all along and not just because there is an increased probability of getting into trouble by OSHA.

eferences

Harris, S. (2012). OSHA in Health Care: Out of Sight & Out of Mind? etreived from http://ohsonline.com/articles/2012/04/01/osha-in-health-care.aspx

Healthcare workers. (2012). etrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/healthcare/

New OSHA inspection initiative focuses on healthcare. (2011). etrieved from http://www.puresafety.com/public/workingwell/?p=1209#.UAa4aFJ6EM

Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA") Targets Nursing and esidential

Care Facilities. (2012). etrieved from http://www.hancocklaw.com/p/OSHA_Newsletter_212_May_H1768037.PDF

Prepare Your Facility…

References

Harris, S. (2012). OSHA in Health Care: Out of Sight & Out of Mind? Retreived from  http://ohsonline.com/articles/2012/04/01/osha-in-health-care.aspx 

Healthcare workers. (2012). Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/healthcare/ 

New OSHA inspection initiative focuses on healthcare. (2011). Retrieved from  http://www.puresafety.com/public/workingwell/?p=1209#.UAa4aFJ6REM 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA") Targets Nursing and Residential

The topic on "Social Marketing in Healthcare" advances how social marketing tool predominantly used in marketing consumer items can be effectively applied in the healthcare field. In addition, the development of social marketing research is an effective means by which information can be collected from consumers. This adds weight on this subject. In today's age, all activities are caught up in the information technology web. This is possible through the creation of systems of collecting, analyzing, and sharing information. This opportunity is now available to the healthcare workers because they can conduct consumer research through social marketing avenues. The information collected will then be used to develop efficient healthcare programs for consumers (Aras, 2011).

The key Points

The key points in the article include the need for health workers to use social marketing tools in conducting consumer research prior to developing and implementing healthcare programs. In this case, the article…

References

Aras R.Y. (2011). Social Marketing in Healthcare. Australasian Medical Journal, vol. 4(8): 418

424, http//dx.doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2011.626

Leslie, a. (2004). The Rising Cost of Health Care, Strategic and Societal. HR Magazine, vol.

49(9): 1-10

Foreign Health Care Policy

Over the last several years, issues affecting the U.S. health care system have been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because rising costs are impacting demand for different services. What has been happening is these increases are forcing insurance companies, employers and providers to pass on more of these fees to the individual. This is problematic, as they are unable to afford these costs and premiums for coverage. When this happens, the total number of people who are uninsured will increase exponentially. Evidence of this can be seen with the fact that there are 48 million Americans who have no form of health care coverage. (Johnson, 2010) (Harrington, 2009)

While in Germany, the costs of care are lower and 90% of the population is insured. This is because they are using a different model. To fully understand which system is better requires comparing the two…

References

Armstrong, E. (2011). The Health Care Dilemma. Singapore: World Scientific.

Greenwald, H. (2010). Health Care in the United States. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

Harrington, C. (2009). Health Policy. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Johnson, J. (2010). Comparative Health Systems. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

United Healthcare

In spite of the struggling economy throughout the country, United Healthcare industries ascended in development and improved their year over year incomes by 9% in 2010. They had found a way to widen their customer foundation by 1.5 million people. The economy disorder was an important motive for the development in Medicaid program contribution increasing nearly to 16% from one year to the next one. Furthermore, the aging "baby boomer" age group supported in the point of 17% in Medicare Advantage customers in 2010 (Quinn, 2009). After travailing 1.8 million association damage in 2009; the commercial market had underwent an experienced an affected improvement that stemmed in a net gain of 185,000 individuals aided in 2010. "The developments were determined by fresher, more reasonable products, better client retaining, better service, and lesser employee abrasion trends that are among our customers" (CEO, 2011). ith that said, this essay will…

Works Cited

Quinn, G.P., Jacobsen, P.B., Albrecht, T.L., Ellison, B.A., Newman, N.W., Bell, M., & . "Real-time patient satisfaction survey and improvement process." Hospital Topics 18, no. 3 (2009): 26-32.

Safavi, K. "Patient-centered pay for performance: Are we missing the target?" Journal of 51, no. 4 (2006): 23-45.

Shi, L. & Singh, D. Essentials of the U.S. health care system. Sudbury, M.A.: Barlett Publishers, 2007.

History Of Health Care Mandate

The signing of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) by President Obama must be considered a landmark event in the history of the nation regardless of how one views the constitutionality of the legislation. Passage of the legislation marked the end of a long and acrimonious debate and brought the United States in line with the rest of the developed world in terms of providing universal health coverage to its citizens (Orszag, 2010). Unfortunately, the debate over the constitutionality of the ACA did not end with Obama's signing of the legislation as within days several different states filed suit against the law's requirement that most Americans purchase health; against the health care mandate.

The health care mandate was first offered as an option by the conservative think tank, the Heritage Foundation, as an option to the single-payer system that had been historically supported by Democrats and…

References

Block, S. (2010, April 29). IRS Lacks Clout to Enforce Mandatory Health Insurance. USA Today, pp. www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/insurance/2010-04-29 healthirs28_CV_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip.

Jost, T.S. (2010). Health Insurance Exchanges and the Affordable Care Act: Eight Difficult Issues. Lexington, VA: Washington and Lee University School of Law.

Orszag, P.R. (2010, August 12). Health Care Reform and Cost Control. New England Journal of Medicine, pp. 601-603.

Ponnuru, R. (2012, March 27). The History of the Individual Mandate. Retrieved from National Review Online:  http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/294585/history-individual-mandate-ramesh-ponnuru

Economics of Healthcare

The Economics of Health Care

The healthcare in the United States is a system of economics that has been referred to as a Ponzi scheme and most assuredly, the economics of the U.S. healthcare system are unsound at best. The United States is the only industrialized nation in the world that fails to provide universal access to basic health care and according to the work of Kilchevsky (2004), 'the absence of universal health coverage has been called 'one of the great unsolved problems facing the United States at the onset of the 21st century." (p.1) This work intends to examine the economics of health care in the United States.

The Facts

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) reports that national health expenditures for 2009 totaled $2.5 trillion, which is stated to be $58,086 per person. (erdine, 2011, p.1) The estimated total for health expenditures in 2008…

Bibliography

Berdine, Gilbert G. (2011) The Economics of U.S. Healthcare. Luwig von Mises Institute. 8 Aug 2011. Retrieved from:  http://mises.org/daily/5496/ 

Boyapeti, Vijay (2010) What's Really Wrong with the Healthcare Industry? Ludwig von Mises Institute. 26 May 2010. Retrieved from:  http://mises.org/daily/4434/ 

Kilchevsky, Amichai D. (2004) Universal Coverage: A Bridge Too Far? Economics. About.com. Retrieved from:  http://economics.about.com/cs/moffattentries/a/universal.htm