Cloning has become a very contentious subject. The issue of cloning has moved from the scientific arena into the cultural, religious and ethical centers of debate, for good reasons. The scientific implications of cloning affects a wide range of social and ethical concerns. The theory of cloning questions many essential areas of ethical and philosophical concern about what human life is and raises the question whether we have the right or even the qualifications to alter life and living beings. It is no wonder that in the light of the extremely contentious way that cloning impacts on important issues that there should be strong and forthright opinions on the subject. earing this in mind it becomes all the more important to keep an open mind and to also hear the other side of the argument,
There are many reason why cloning should be condoned. On the one hand it is true….

"Animals that are experiencing dwindling numbers could be cloned to prevent their extinction. Taiwanese scientists claimed to have made five clones of an endangered pig to save this species" (Anonymous). While some say man should not play God there are others like Edmund Erde who disagree and say that "playing God" is a phrase that is "muddle-headed" and "nonsensical" and should be deserted (Edmund Erde, p.594). For those who voice their concerns that cloning should be allowed as every infertile couple too has a right to have a child, they should know that that "cloning is not inherently about infertile couples or twins, but about rights as persons that we grant any other human being; and that personal identity, human dignity, and parental responsibility are at the core of the debate about human cloning" (Howard B. adest p.188). People often say that a government should not and cannot ban….

Experiments in the late nineteenth century on frogs provided the groundwork for cloning (McKinnell 9-10).
The method used a decade ago for the successful nuclear transplantation in amphibians required that the egg be enucleated, which meant removing the maternal hereditary material contained in the egg nucleus. Other hereditary material contained in the nucleus from a body cell would then be placed in the enucleated egg, and the resulting clone would be parentless:

Biologically, a mother is a mother by virtue of the fact that she contributes hereditary material via the chromosomes of an egg. . . A father is a biological father by virtue of the fact that he has contributed hereditary material via his sperm. Since no sperm has participated in the development of the cloned individual, there is no male parent (McKinnell 10-11).

Cloning higher animals has proven to be difficult, but scientists have persevered and have produced clones of….

and, that is, for how much longer should this experimentation be tolerated given the animal suffering involved and the deliberate creation of abominations of nature.
Currently, many countries around the world have banned the use of reproductive, human cloning on ethical grounds, while allowing research to continue in the area of therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning of animals. Of course, there are also countries that are permitting the development of human cloning technologies. Given the ethical and safety issues involved, it appears that the subject of cloning needs to be resolved not on a country-wise basis, but on a global scale. In fact, if there is one issue today that truly calls for global attention and unity, it is that of cloning technologies. for, a failure to determine globally applicable ethical guidelines in cloning may have a severe detrimental impact on the future of human civilization and life on Earth,….

Cloning is no longer the stuff of science fiction, but is a reality that has become a serious subject of hot debate around the globe. At issue are the ethical, scientific, moral and economic implications of cloning.
In October 2004, David Stevens, Executive Director of the Christian Medical Association confronted scientific duplicity and specifically challenged the International Society for Stem Cell Research asking to stop misleading the public and the media by changing human cloning nomenclature (Christian Pp). Stevens was referring to a September 2004 statement by ISSCR president Leonard Zon encouraging researchers and the media to stop using the term, "cloning" because of its negative connotations (Christian Pp). Zon said, that "nuclear transfer" be used instead of "therapeutic cloning" because the term "cloning" does not accurately describe this biological process, whereby "cells generated by nuclear transfer are by no definition a clone of the donor of the transferred nucleus" (Christian….

Scientific research and specifically cloning is protected as a first amendment right, coupled with the benefits available with this technology, and the unimaginable benefits that can be reaped in the future, cloning is the hope of the future, despite the worries of critics.
eferences

After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning." The Futurist 40(4) Jul-Aug 2006: p. 62. InfoTrac database. Thomson-Gale. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ. July 5, 2006 http://find.galegroup.com.

Cantrell MK. "International esponse to Dolly: Will Scientific Freedom Get Sheared?" Journal Law Health (13) 1998-99: p. 69-102.

Clones Cloning Around." World Watch 18(6) Nov-Dec 2005: p. 9. InfoTrac database. Thomson-Gale. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ. July 5, 2006 http://find.galegroup.com.

Cloning." Science Scope Mar 2006: p. 70-74. InfoTrac database. Thomson-Gale. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ. July 5, 2006 http://find.galegroup.com.

Hopkins, S. "A Step in the ight Direction?" Nursing Standard 19(2) 22 Sept 2004: p. 22-23. InfoTrac database. Thomson-Gale. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.….

Cloning is among the feats in science that many of us, as part of our childish character, ideas, and imaginations, have only visualized before. We used to say in our mind, "what would happen if we create someone who is an exact duplicate of ourselves?" Again we say, "how convenient it would be to have that someone do the things we don't want to do."
Or, "have that someone face the problems we have." Leon Kass (2002), in his article about cloning, has the following definition for the term.

Cloning, or asexual reproduction, is the production of individuals who are genetically identical to an already existing individual.

In addition to reproduction of genetically identical copy of an individual, cloning is also scientifically done on animals and biological living things.

The coming true and emergence of cloning in the study of science, however, resulted to both positive and negative reactions from many critics. Several issues….

The answer to why humans have not been cloned is complex. Many have reservations to the practice for scientific and moral reasons. First, some believe that scientists do not know enough about cloning to attempt the process with correct safety precautions. Second, some have moral concerns about the welfare of the cloned child, replacing the dead, genetic diseases, and social impacts, in addition to religious arguments and other concerns (Devolder). For these reasons, a debate has ensued over whether or not cloning will happen in our lifetime. Personally, I believe cloning will happen in my lifetime. According to Time Magazine, some scientists have already claimed that they have created clones. Many other scientists not only believe human cloning can happen, but they also support it (Gibbs et al.). This being said, many of the scientists who fully support cloning in this way are not in the United States. Thus,….

Cloning
In 1997, when the world first heard about Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult, the possibility of cloning a human moved from science fiction into the realm of reality. Now Congress is taking up the question of whether human cloning should be allowed. There are many pros and cons to this issue, but the benefits certainly outweigh the concerns regarding people's feelings against cloning.

It is now believed that it might be easier to clone humans than was previously believed. According to research at Duke University (Gorman, 2001), people have a genetic quirk that might prevent some of the developmental deformities associated with animal cloning. The mechanics in making a clone involve scientists to first take an egg and remove all of its genetic material. Then the nucleus of a cell is taken from the individual to be cloned and inserted into the egg. The….

Cloning
Dolly, the world's first cloned sheep, took the world by storm. Since her birth in 1997, the potential benefits and potential pitfalls have been debated by scientists, doctors, and bioethicists, with few clear breakthroughs. Most governments in Europe, Asia and North America have banned or significantly restricted research into human cloning. Animal cloning is also falling out of favor, as the exercise is expensive and as of yet, relatively unsuccessful. Cloning has put the religious communities into a tizzy as well, for cloning raises some complicated and troubling questions about the nature of life and the powers inherent in creating it. However, the science of cloning is still in its infancy. Plants have been cloned for thousands of years, but human and animal cloning could yield to great medical advancements and breakthroughs. Human cloning could serve as a healthy alternative to fertility drugs, and could lead to the development of….

Cloning
People have come on different sides of the philosophical divide when the topic of human cloning is brought up. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned -- Dolly is now dead. Also the Raelians (known to believe that we are descended from aliens) have talked about the first (allegedly) human baby already having been cloned. In his essay: "Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning," Robert Wachbroit, is supportive of Human Cloning. He attempts to debunk various points of objections from those against cloning. Robert Wachbroit avers that cloning must be considered in its own right. He believes that most people confuse it with a technology of genetic manipulation -- playing with the laws of nature.

Wachbroit disagrees with those who claim that clones are carbon copies of a person. He declares that clones are separate living beings with independent existence. Clones don't think alike and their experiences would be….

Thinkers and writers like Jeremy ifkin, author of the Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and emaking the World, voice their opposition to cloning. He and others are concerned that cloning with provide unethical incentives. "...we believe that the market for women's eggs that would be created by this research will provide unethical incentives for women to undergo health-threatening hormone treatment and surgery." (Statement in Support of Legislation to Prohibit Cloning) Furthermore, as ifkin states:
We are also concerned about the increasing bio-industrialization of life by the scientific community and life science companies and shocked and dismayed that clonal human embryos have been patented and declared to be human "inventions." We oppose efforts to reduce human life and its various parts and processes to the status of mere research tools, manufactured products, commodities and utilities. We are also deeply troubled that at present there is no legal or ethical framework in….

cloning creating controversy among scientists, politicians, and intellectuals: reproductive (cloning to produce live humans) and theraputic (cloning to treat illness) (Kass). Reproductive cloning invloves creating an embryo and transferring it into a woman's womb, where it goes through normal pregnancy and is birthed (Kass). Theraputic cloning invloves growing an embryo until stem cells can be extracted (about a week), extracting the cells, and destroying the embryo afterward (Kass). I believe that both types of cloning should be banned for one main reason: it is ethically problematic to allow both types of cloning, while it is ethically unproblematic to ban both types of cloning.
It should first be explained why theraputic cloning should be banned. The primary reason is that the allowance of theraputic cloning will lead to a situation where cloning techniques are perfected and thus safer (Kass). This will make it more likely that people interested in cloning babies….

Therapeutic Cloning for Leukimia and Cancer
The Origin of Obstacles to Progress in Medical Science:

When Flemish Scholar Andreas Vesalius published the first medical textbook on anatomy in 1543, he did so at great personal risk, owing to the strict prohibitions of the medieval Catholic Church against any posthumous dissection of the human body.

Partly for this reason, it would be almost another full century before William Harvey correctly outlined the human circulatory system (Hellemans & Bunch, 1988).

Throughout the twentieth century, the Church has continued to voice its strong opposition to some of the most beneficial developments of modern medical progress, such as organ donation, artificial insemination and, of course, contraception, even in the most impoverished regions of the world where thousands of infants die every single day from starvation caused by overpopulation. The most recent area of conflict between medical research and the Church concerns the countless beneficial potential applications of stem….

For example, the most common instrument used in cloning today is known as a "micromanipulator," described by Baird as being an expensive machine that requires the use of a skilled technician to capture an egg cell under the microscope, insert a very fine needle to suck out its nucleus, and then use another needle to transfer a nucleus from the animal to be cloned. "This process is tricky and time consuming, and results are somewhere in the 25% range. In the new technique, egg cells are split in half under a microscope using a very thin blade. The halves are allowed to heal and then a dye is introduced to identify the halves containing the nucleus" (Baird, 2002, p. 20). The two halves of embryo that contain the original nucleus are then discarded, a processs that leaves the empty cytoplasts alone (these are the cells that do not contain….

1. The Ethics of Human Cloning: A Controversial Debate

2. The Science and Technology Behind Human Cloning

3. The Potential Benefits and Dangers of Human Cloning

4. Examining the Legal and Moral Implications of Human Cloning

5. The Role of Religion in Shaping Views on Human Cloning

6. A Comparative Analysis of Human Cloning Policies Around the World

7. The Future of Human Cloning: Possibilities and Pitfalls

8. Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering: Where Do We Draw the Line?

9. The Psychological and Social Impact of Human Cloning on Society

10. Human Cloning: A Tool for Advancing Medical Research or a Slippery Slope towards Eugenics?
11. Ethical Considerations in Human....

Title 1: The Ethical Labyrinth of Human Cloning: A Philosophical Exploration of Moral Dilemmas

Title 2: Unraveling the Scientific and Ethical Implications of Human Cloning: A Comprehensive Analysis

Title 3: Human Cloning: Exploring the Boundaries of Bioethics and the Human Experience

Title 4: The Promise and Perils of Human Cloning: Navigating the Uncharted Territory of Scientific Advancement

Title 5: Cloning: Unlocking the Pandora's Box of Human Genetics and the Potential for Human Enhancement

Title 6: The Future of Humanity in the Shadow of Human Cloning: Ethical, Social, and Philosophical Perspectives

Title 7: The Cloning Controversy: A Debate Between Innovation and the Preservation of Human Dignity

Title 8:....