Computer Security Essays (Examples)

Computer Security
In the past few years, viruses like "I Love You" and "SoBig" have generated much publicity and apprehension and highlighted problems of computer security. In the last month alone, experts estimate that 52 new viruses have spread through computer networks. In addition, the growing incidence of identity theft also illustrates the growing sophistication of hackers and their tools.

This paper examines the main problems related to keeping the information on one's computer safe and secure. The first part of the paper looks at the main threats to computer security, both at home and in larger networks. These include hackers and infected files.

The next part then discusses the steps computer users need to take to protect themselves from such attacks, from simple steps such as periodically changing passwords to installing elaborate firewalls.

Types of Viruses

Breaches in computer security usually take the form of infected files. The most basic of these infected files…

Security Assessment and ecommendations
My Name

My Teacher

SE571 Principles of Information Security and Privacy

TOC o "1-3" h z u

AS Company Overview

Two Security Vulnerabilities

Software Vulnerability

ecommended Solutions

Telecommunications Closet Security ecommendation

Impact on Business Processes

Budget

Aircraft Solutions (AS) is a globally recognized leader in the design and fabrication of component products and services for companies in the electronics, commercial, defense, and aerospace industry. Their manufacturing plants are located in San Diego, California and a second, in Santa Ana, California. At present these plants' manufacturing systems are linked entirely over the public Internet, with firewalls protecting the headquarters systems in San Diego that have IT, Finance and Sales & marketing. Production in Chula Vista, California and Santa Ana, California are located behind the same firewall that protects headquarters. This configuration presents a myriad of security challenges for the company, with the most significant being exposure of their manufacturing planning data in their manufacturing resource planning (MP) and enterprise…

Computer Security: Corporate Security Documentation Suitable for a Large Corporation
Item

(I) in-Depth Defense Measures

(II) Firewall Design

(III) Intrusion Detection System

(IV) Operating System Security

(V) Database Security

(VI) Corporate Contingency of Operation

(VII) Corporate Disaster Recovery Plan

(VIII) Team Members and Roles of Each

(IX) Timeline with Goal Description

(X) Data Schema

(XI) Graphical Interface Design

(XII) Testing Plan

(XIII) Support Plan

(XIV) Schematics

Computer Security: Corporate Security Documentation Suitable for a Large Corporation

(I) In-Depth Defense Measures

Information Technology (IT) Acceptable Use Policy

The intentions of IT for the publication of an Acceptable Use Policy are to ensure that non-restrictions are imposed that are not contrary to the organizations' culture of openness, integrity and trust. IT has a firm commitment to the protection of the company's employees, partners and the company from any individuals that are illegal or that would otherwise cause damage with or without knowledge or intent to the following:

Internet/Intranet/Extranet-related systems, including but not limited to computer equipment, software, operating systems, storage media, network…

Computer Vulnerabilities
Computer Security Vulnerabilities

The extent of the problem

This is not a small issue. The book "Analyzing Computer Security" lays out the following scenario: "First, 20 million U.S. smart phones stop working. Next follow outages in wireline telephone service, problems with air traffic control, disruptions to the New York Stock Exchange, and eventually severe loss of power on America's East Coast" (Pfleeger & Pfleeger, 2011, 3). The authors are talking about a situation in which the computer networks that control those devices and services are compromised. As has been seen in recent years, this lack of computer security is something that is not an apocalyptic myth, but an unfortunate reality. As soon as systems are designed to thwart attackers, they are broken and new security measures have to be put in place. It is a never-ending battle that requires a vigilant and resourceful security team to police. Unfortunately, these large breaches…

The public-key cryptography approach also creates a more efficient means of cryptographic security by ensuring SA-compliant encryption and decryption throughout the secured network (Sarkar, Maitra, 2010). As a result the use of public-key cryptography hardens and makes more secure each connection and node on a network (Chevalier, usinowitch, 2010).
C3. What will help you trust a public-key that belongs to an unfamiliar person or Web site, and why does it improve trust?

First, the reliance on public-key cryptography from unfamiliar sites can increase trust by having the specific security levels of security configured on an enterprise-wide network to only support more advanced forms of cryptography-based configurations (Galindo, Herranz, 2008). In other words configuring an entire network to support only the more advanced forms of public-key cryptography can make each site accessed more trustworthy. In organizations this is possible yet in individual system and website use, the reliance on certificate-based encryption significantly…

who have access to the network do not maintain proper security procedures and remain well-informed regarding potential risks and updated procedures and policies (Cobb, 2011; Whitman & Mattord, 2011; IC, 2008). Any security policy must, after being properly designed and established, be communicated clearly and comprehensively to all relevant personnel, which in today's organizations typically means anyone with access to a company computer and/or the company network, or who handles digital information or communication for the company (Kizza, 2009; Lahtinen et al., 2006). Ongoing training and development programs for all relevant personnel should be made a regular feature of the company's overall security policy, and there should be a trend towards the greater recognition of the importance of human resources as the ultimate line of defense against malicious security breaches and errors (Cobb, 2011; Greene, 2006). With the right people doing the right things -- that is, following proper…

Computer Security Information
In the 21st century, information is the key to almost every organization's success. Data is the lifeblood of business -- the information one uses to be competitive and the information that spells success or failure in the marketplace. Data is so important that an entirely new security focus has arisen -- Computer Information Security. In an era in which we must choose which issues for focus, the issue of cybercrime has the potential of impacting more global citizens than any other single criminal activity. Cyberspace is real, and so are the risks -- damage comes in all forms, not just fraud, but downtime, information crime, and indeed, the ability to work and live within a global environment. Nothing short of a strong security and continual monitoring system has any chance of controlling the plethora of Internet crime. Individuals need to exert more personal diligence to control Cyber theft.…

Computer Security
Over the last several years, cyber attacks have been continually rising. This is in response to emerging threats from nations such as China who are increasing their attacks on government and military installations. According to James Clapper (the Director of National Intelligence) these threats have become so severe that they are surpassing terrorism as the greatest challenge facing the nation. To fully understand what is occurring requires focusing on a recent attack and the underlying effects. Together, these elements will highlight the scope of the threats on government and military information systems. (Hosenball, 2013)

In early September 2012, the White House was the target of a cyber phishing attack. This is when hackers sent a fictitious email (which looked official) to this location. One of the staffers made a critical mistake in opening it. This infected a variety of computer networks and gave them access to some of the most…

This particular instance was significant as the attackers used a generic approach instead of a site specific or application specific exploitation by devising tools that used the web search engines to identify ASP applications that are vulnerable. SQL injection attack was used to propagate the malicious code that exploited zero day vulnerability in Microsoft Internet explorer last year. [Symantec, (2009 ) pg. (47)] the aim of the attackers employing this kind of a generic attack is to exploit the trust of visitors of a website that is usually known to be safe and secure. More recent attack involving a web application was the zero-day attack that exploited multiple vulnerabilities in Adobe Flash Player. [Kaspersky Lab, 2009]
Conclusion

There is a clear change in the computer security scenario. Cybercriminals do not just do it for fun or fame anymore but are getting more professional and monetizing their skills in the underground economy.…

Computer Security
Although it is never possible to fully prevent the unauthorized use of information from people with security clearances and access, the use of security clearance and access is important to ensure that people without security clearance cannot access the confidential information. In other words, the concept of 'absolute security' is a chimera. It is the nature of security that makes it necessary to weigh up the threats, the risks, the harm arising, and the cost of safeguards (Bach, 1986). A balance must be found between predictable costs and uncertain benefits, in order to select a set of measures appropriate to the need.

In most of the cases, the risks of security clearance involve on the personal integrity, trustworthiness, and honesty than the information systems (IS) security measures. Even if IS security measures are handled to monitor and control all of the keystrokes of the computers, there are instances of unauthorized…

Using Perl LWP Library scripting and data harvesting tools, data is quickly collected, aggregated and used to launch a phishing attack with a stunning success rate of 72%. The rapid nature of how this attack was planned and executed shows how lethal from a privacy standpoint phishing can be when based on social network-based data. There is an implied higher level of trust with any e-mail originating from social networks, as it is assumed it is from friends and those a respondent or test subject trusted. The impersonation or spoofing of e-mail addresses also made the communications all the more contextual and believable, a key trait of successful phishing programs. More education is definitely needed, in addition to more effective approaches to blocking personal information on social networks as well. All of these deterrents are secondary to strong education on the threats of phishing however.
Part III: Password protection by…

Computer Security Analysis
Security Analysis

Managing security strategies for an enterprise requires intensive levels of planning and integration across each of the functional area, in conjunction with synchronization across departments, business units and divisions (Bellone, de Basquiat, odriguez, 2008). Enterprise Security Management strategies continue to become part of the overall strategic plans of an enterprise, supporting each strategic initiative and its related tactics to ensure profitable growth (Bellone, de Basquiat, odriguez, 2008). The aspects of intrusion detection, web security, deterring and defeating hackers, and the development and execution of an effective security strategic plan is the purpose of this analysis.

Defining A Framework for Enterprise Security Management

Developing an effective framework for managing security needs to begin with an analysis of an organizations' data availability, confidentiality and data integrity needs overall (Bellone, de Basquiat, odriguez, 2008). This is often defined as an Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) strategic plan or initiative as it seeks…

His study includes the following;
The U.S. government through the executive to provide appropriate leadership to steer the country in the domain of cyber security.

The state to conduct immediate risk assessment aimed at neutralizing all the vulnerabilities.

The creation of an effective national security strategy as well as the creation of an elaborate national military strategy.

Molander (1996) uses a qualitative research approach and methodology .The method used is constructive. The constructive method used is used whenever there is a need to come up with ways of solving various problems. The significance of this technique is due to the fact that there is a need of coming up with general steps that are aimed at the identification and creation of an elaborate strategy that is aimed at reducing all the negative effects of information warfare. The objective is to come up with appropriate methods of. As a result, this is useful in…

Computer Security is vitally important to the success of any 21st century firm. However the integrity of computer security has been greatly compromised in recent years and hackers have found creative ways to invade computer systems. The purpose of this paper is to assess how vendor's solutions enable organizations to better meet their overall business goals and strategies. We will also discuss the security of several vendors, which include www.requisite.com, www.ariba.com, and www.trade-ranger.com.Let's begin by discussing the computer security threats that vendors face.
Computer Security Threats

With the advent of the Internet, vendors have encountered monumental problems with the security of their networks. According to a whitepaper published by AirDefense, the most severe threats to computer security involve wireless LAN's. The whitepaper explains that wireless LAN's create a security challenge because,

Without proper security measures for authentication and encryption any laptop with a wireless card can connect with the network or stealthily eavesdrop…

Computer Security Systems
All-in-One Computer Security Systems

Being able to have a single, unified security platform that can manage detection, deterrence and maintenance of all inbound and outbound network traffic while ensuring high reliability for Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections is the design objective of many all-in-one security systems. The ability to significantly drop the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) by having a single enterprise-wide security platform is critical for global organizations to compete more effectively is a key design criterion for all-in-one computer security systems (Anderson, 2007). Two market-leading systems in this category are the Cisco Comprehensive Network Security Services Adaptive Security Appliance 5500 (ASA 5500 Series) and the Juniper Networks Integrated Security Gateway (ISG). Companies are increasingly adopting these all-in-one computer security systems to drive down the costs of securing their networks and computers while also gaining enterprise-wide protection against threats while ensuring a high level of network performance…

Computer Security by ozeberger and Zeldich. The tutorial gave a basic overview of computer security, including viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. It discussed how to avoid attacks or at least to become aware of the potential of attacks. The tutorial also looked at how hackers work, to help explain how breaks are performed. I chose this tutorial because I believe that computer security is one of the most significant and serious issues for any emerging IT professional. It a network is not secure, it will become vulnerable to attack by hackers. Therefore, any other work that an IT professional does on a computer must be considered secondary to the safety of the network.
The tutorial began with an extensive history of computer hacking. This history was fascinating. While I do not feel like it would contribute to my daily knowledge as an IT professional, in that I could not use…

Computer Security
People, process and technology are three things which are involved in information security. Biometrics, passwords and firewalls are some of the technical measures and these are not enough in justifying threats to information. In order to protect information from destruction and to secure systems, a blend of different procedures is required. While deploying information security some factors need to be considered for instance processes like de-registration and registration and people aspects like teaching, observance, leading etc. With the evolvement of information security, the focus has been transferred toward a governance-orientated and people-oriented approach (Baggett, 2003).

Background

The so-called initial stage of information security was characterized by a scientific approach in securing the environment of Information Technology. With the passage of time it was realized by the "technical people" working in an organization that the role of management in information security is imperative and it is essential to involve the top…

Information Technology Security for Small Business
The need for protecting a business's information is crucial in the modern business world regardless of the size of the business. In light of the increased technological advancements that generate numerous threats and vulnerabilities, protecting a business's information is as significant as safeguarding every other asset. Actually, businesses are facing the need to protect information in a similar manner like safeguarding employees, property, and products. Generally, business information is valuable and at risk, which contributes to the need for information security. While small businesses may not have as much information need as large businesses, the need to protect such information is vital for these businesses. This process requires understanding the business need, identification of potential threats and vulnerabilities, and developing appropriate measures and controls to ensure protection.

Business Need for Information Security:

As previously mentioned, small businesses need to make Information Technology security a major priority as…

Cyberspace and Cyber Security
Essentials of Cyberspace and Cyber-Security

It is not surprising much focusing on the overall "security assessment" risk rating that appears at the top of the report. What is critical is the safety of the system bearing in mind the varied insecurity challenges faced with cyber security. While seeking to secure the computer, an efficient and reliable security guard has been installed on the computer. The security system diagnoses and offers alternatives through which it can navigate through and protect the computer while eradicating the insecurity issue (Basta & Zgola, 2011). Moreover, any entry of the insecurity issue will be detected by the system, with the favorable response being provided as part of the options.

Q2a

MBSA takes a bit of time while checking for passwords. This time depends on how many user accounts are present on the computer. Through password check, MBSA enumerates all the present user accounts within a…

Computer and Network Security
Description of Information Environment of my Workplace

My workplace is Verizon Communication and I have been working for the company for more than 5 years. The Verizon Communication major business is to provide communication solutions for businesses and individuals through the wired and wireless communication devices. The company provides complete communication systems and devices for individual, small business, medium business and enterprises. However, the company sells bulk of its product online and the nature of its business requires the company to collect large volume of data and information from customer, employees, suppliers, shareholders, and other stakeholders. In carrying out its business objective, the company collects sensitive information from customer that include names, addresses, phone number, email address, and credit card number. In essence, the company uses the internet to collect the customer credit card information to process and complete the order. The data collected from the customer assists…

Ethical Issues in Computer Security
The ubiquity of information systems, more particularly those that are internetworked, has provided for better personal lives and enabled business to operate more efficiently and effectively ever than before. Congruent to the rise of various information systems and the information technologies that drive thereto is the challenges posed by these emerging and constantly evolving technologies and systems particularly in the milieu of ethics in computer security. Thus, these modern innovations, while requiring protection to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of which, need to balance the requirements of security and ethical issues. Numerous ethical issues abound when it comes to computer security or implementing information security. Information systems raise new ethical questions for both individuals and societies because they create opportunities for intense social change, and thus threaten existing distributions of power, money, rights, and obligations (Laudon & Laudon, 2008, p. 128). These ethical issues…

Forensics and Computer Security Incident esponse Team (csirt) Plan Strategy
The objective of this study is to develop and forensics and security incident response team (CSIT) plan strategy for an organization. It is reported that a "computer security incident response team (CSIT) is a concrete organizational entity (i.e., one or more staff) that is assigned the responsibility for coordinating and supporting the response to a computer security event or incident. CSITs can be created for nation states or economies, governments, commercial organizations, educational institutions, and even non-profit entities. The goal of a CSIT is to minimize and control the damage resulting from incidents, provide effective guidance for response and recovery activities, and work to prevent future incidents from happening." (uefie, 2007, p. 1)Incident management is such that involves the detection and response to issues of security specifically computer related issues and the protection of "critical data, assets, and systems" in order…

To offer an information security awareness training curriculum framework to promote consistency across government (15).

Security awareness is needed to ensure the overall security of the information infrastructure. Security awareness programs is the can help organizations communicate their security information policies, as well as tips for users, to help keep systems secure, and the practices the entire organization should be utilizing. However, as Kolb and Abdullah reiterate, "security awareness is not about training but rather designed to change employee behavior" (105).

A program concerning security awareness should work in conjunction with the information technology software and hardware JCS utilizes. In this way, it mitigates the risks and threats to the organization. Security awareness is a defensive layer to the information system's overall security structure. Although not a training program, per se, security awareness does provide education to the end users at JCS, regarding the information security threats the organization faces, and the…

Security Plan: Pixel Inc.
About Pixel Inc.

We are a 100-person strong business dedicated to the production of media, most specifically short animations, for advertising clients worldwide. Our personnel include marketing specialists, visual designers, video editors, and other creative staff.

This security plan encompasses the general and pragmatic characteristics of the security risks expected for our business and the specific actions that aim to, first and foremost, minimize such risks, and, if that's not possible, mitigate any damage should a breach in security happen.

Scope

The measures to be taken and the assigned responsibilities stated in this document apply to all the departments that make up the company. Exemptions can be given but will be only under the prerogative of the CEO under the consultation of the Chief Security Officer that will be formally assigned after the finalization of this document. Otherwise, there will be no exception to the security measures stated in this document.

Section…

Even though there is always some form of a risk involved in the coding technique together with the deployment methods of a website, some technologies such as PHP and MySQL form some of the worst aggravators of online website security. The loopholes that exists in the use of these technologies results in some of the worst hack attacks and security breaches ever experienced in the field of web design. The internet is bustling with a lot of activities. Some of the activities that are officiated over the internet are very sensitive due to both the nature of the information exchanged or even the information stored in the database.

It is paramount that websites be provided with secure and personalized databases. One inevitable fact however is that once a site is deployed on the internet, it becomes a resource to be accessed by everyone as postulated by Kabir

Secure website development is of…

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
Information technology and related systems provide multiple benefits to business, government, and individual users. Databases, Internet transactions, and emails contain sensitive customers, employee and operations data that are extremely vulnerable. The following study focuses on various components of IT and related systems used for the storage of information like computers, servers, and website databases. Whilst identifying the ways the date can be compromised and exposed to abuse, the study identifies ways of protecting and enhancing their integrity.

Types of information systems that that hold data

Computers

Computers do their primary work in parts that are not visible when using them. To do this, a control center that converts data input to output must be present. All this functions are done by the central processing unit (CPU) a highly complicated set of electric circuits that intertwine to store and achieve program instructions. Most computers regardless of the size must contain…

(Gartenberg, 2005)
Like all other aspects of business today, security systems often prove to be highly complex and hard (even for the participants) to identify.

The culture of an organization is like the culture of a family, a community, or a nation: Because it surrounds the people in it they often have a great deal of difficulty in recognizing to what extent policies and procedures arise from the constraints of culture and what therefore can be relatively easily changed. Matz (2010) summarizes the ways in which organizational culture both supports an organization and can blind the individuals in it to ways in which their actions may no longer be as effective as they once were:

… the essence of organisational cultures consists of a set of 'unspoken rules' that exist without conscious knowledge of the members of the organisation. Over time the invisibility of the attributes at the deepest level of the…

Security Failures and Preventive Measures
Summary of the Case

The Sequential Label and Supply company is a manufacturer and supplier of labels as well as distributor of other stationary items used along with labels. This company is shown to be growing fast and is becoming highly dependent on IT systems to maintain their high end inventory as well as the functioning of their department.

The case started with the inception of a troubled employee who called up the helpdesk agent to resolve the issue he is facing. Likewise, other employees start calling in to launch similar complaints. Later, the technical support help desk employee, while checking her daily emails, accidentally opened an untrusted source file sent from a known work colleague. This led to a number of immediate problems in her network computer which led to her being not able to access the information over the network and the call management software that…

Security Audit for FX Hospital EH/EM Systems
The study carries out the security audits for the FX Hospital EH/EM information systems to identify the vulnerabilities in the systems. The study uses the BackTrack as an auditing tool to penetrate the website, and outcomes of the auditing reveal that the website is not secure and can be subject to different vulnerabilities. After carrying out the auditing, the study is able to collect as much patients' data as possible revealing the website can be subject to vulnerable attacks. One of the vulnerabilities identified is that the website UL starts from HTTP showing that an attacker can easily break into the website and collect sensitive information. Moreover, all the data in the website are not encrypted making them easy for an attacker to collect patients' data.

By consequence, the FX Hospital can face lawsuits for failing to protect patients' data because if patients' data are…

Security
It is defined as the practice of protecting information from any sort of unauthorized usage, access, disruption, disclosure, perusal, modification, recording, destruction and inspection. It is basically a general term which can easily be used regardless of data's form i.e. physical, electronic and so on. Here in this paper, the main subject matter that will be emphasized regarding the information security is computer security, also known as I.T security. "Information Technology security is basically the protection which is applied to any sort of technological appliance, most often it is in the form of a computing system." (Purpura, 2007).

It is important to note here that a computer can range from a simple desktop to a large supercomputer used by the government. "Computing processes can be performed on any device that has a memory module alongside a processor, in this sense it can even be a calculator." (Williams, 1997). Security specialists…

dell.com)
Small Desktop Computer (Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor 2.80GHz, 1M/533MHz FSB, Microsoft® Windows® XP Professional Operating System, 256MB DDR SDRAM, 60GB Hard Drive, 17" Flat Panel Display (E152), Dell AS500 Sound Bar Speakers, Integrated Intel Extreme Graphics 2 Graphics Card, 48X32 CDRW/DVD, Integrated 5.1 Channel Audio Sound Card, PCMCIA Type II slot, 1.44MB 3.5" Floppy Drive, Windows XP Office Standard)

Network Computer Printer (Monochrome Laser, 1200 x 1200 dpi, 25 ppm, 160 MB RAM, 10/100 BaseT Ethernet built-in for Networking, TCP/IP Setup Utility, 100 to 127 volts (V) at 50 to 60 hertz (Hz), Power cable included with, 3,000-page Toner cartridge and 250-sheet standard drawer)

Wireless-G Access Point

Wireless Network PC Card

Smart Board 580 72"/182.9 diagonal with Smart Board Floor Stand 570

Ethernet Switch

CAT-5…

IT Security Plan
The technological advances that have been witnessed in the past twenty to thirty years, has placed a tremendous emphasis on data and information. Computers have changed the world in many facets and the ability to communicate and perform work have been greatly assisted by the digital age. Along with these new found powers, there exists also new found threats. The ability to protect these investments and resources of an informational matter, has produced new sciences and approaches to accomplishing such a task.

The purpose of this essay is to discuss and analyze how to establish an information security program to protect organizational information. This essay will address the specific guidelines and elements that compose such a program and explore ways in which these methods can be exploited for the fullest possible benefit. Specific guidelines will be discussed however this is a general overview of a program and the details…

Security
The first 10 years the 21st century began a seemingly new age of terror and fear where heightened alert statuses and preventive measures can be seen as taken to extremes. The macrocosmic status of the global affairs which are often riddled with warfare, strife and suspicion can be examined at the microcosmic level within the information security and data protection industry. The purpose of this essay is to examine these questions: "How should we decide how secure we want our information to be? And who should be responsible to make these decisions? I'll answer these questions using ideas connecting the rationality of fear and security. Next I'll examine how materialism has distracted technology from its true essence, to help mankind. Lastly I will offer solutions to hopefully eliminate confusing and overbearing problems that humanity's quest for security can both effectively and efficiently have serious impact on that condition.

Fear and…

The greater the employee ownership and vested interest in a program's success, the greater the probability of its success. This emanates from a leader's choosing to endorse and actively support an information security program and show consistency of effort and focus to attain tis objectives (Madnick, 1978).
A third critical success factors is the providing of periodic feedback as to the progress of the information security program. The ability to actively monitor an information security program's progress using analytics and metrics of performance will significantly increase the likelihood of continued support (Straub, Welke, 1998). As is the case with many change management initiatives, the use of analytics and metrics also provide feedback to the employees and leadership of an organization, reinforcing adoption to the information security program over time (Guttman, Herzog, 2005).

Conclusion

The basis of effective change management is predicated on giving employees the ability to attain autonomy of their jobs,…

Information System Security Plan
The information security system is required to ensure the security of the business process and make the confidential data of the organization secure. The organization's management is required to analyze the appropriate system to be implemented and evaluate the service provided on the basis of their required needs. The implementation of the system requires the compliance of organizational policies with the service provider to ensure the maximum efficiency of the system. The continuous update and maintenance of the system is required to ensure the invulnerability of the system towards the potential internal and external threats.

Data Security Manager and Coordinator

Develop Plan

Implement Plan

Employees Training

Test Safeguards

Evaluate Service Providers

Internal isks

Change Passwords Periodically

estricted access to personal information

Safeguard paper records

eport unauthorized use of customer information

Terminated Employees 1

3. External isks 1

3.1 Firewall Protection 1

3.2 Data Encryption 1

3.3 Secure user authentication profiles 1

3.4 Secure access control measures 1

4. External Threats 1

4.1 DOS Attacks 1

4.2 Adware/Spyware…

This researcher rejects the existence of online communities because computer mediated group discussions cannot possibly meet this definition. Weinreich's view is that anyone with even a basic knowledge of sociology understands that information exchange in no way constitutes a community.
For a cyber-place with an associated computer mediated group to be labeled as a virtual settlement it is necessary for it to meet a minimum set of conditions. These are: (1) a minimum level of interactivity; (2) a variety of communicators; (3) a minimum level of sustained membership; and (4) a virtual common-public-space where a significant portion of interactive computer mediated groups occur (Weinreich, 1997). The notion of interactivity will be shown to be central to virtual settlements. Further, it will be shown that virtual settlements can be defined as a cyber-place that is symbolically delineated by topic of interest and within which a significant proportion of interrelated interactive computer…

Subtopic 6: Job management and protection; include a serious discussion of security aspects

The most commonly leveled criticism of operating systems is the inherent lack of security they have (Funell, 2010). Defining operating systems to have partitioned memory is just the start, as Microsoft learned with their Windows NT platform. Dedicated memory partitions by user account can be hacked and have been (Funell, 2010). The need for greater levels of user authentication is required, including the use of biometrics for advanced systems that have highly confidential data within them. The reliance on security-based algorithms that also seek to analyze patterns of use to anticipate security threats are increasingly in use today (Volkel, Haller, 2009). This aspect of an operating system can capture the levels of activity and the patterns they exhibit, which can provide insights into when a threat is present or not. The use of predictive security technologies, in addition…

If not, what other recommendations would you make to Harold? Explain your reasons for each of recommendations.
No, the actions that were taken by Harold are not adequate. The reason why, is because he has created an initial foundation for protecting sensitive information. However, over the course of time the nature of the threat will change. This could have an impact on his business, as these procedures will become ineffective. Once this occurs, it means that it is only a matter of time until Harold will see an increase in the number of cyber attacks. At first, these procedures will help to prevent hackers from accessing the company's files. Then, as time goes by they will be able to overcome his defenses. This increases the chances that he will see some kind of major disruptions because of these issues. ("Security Policies," n.d, pp. 281 -- 302) ("Computer-ased Espionage," n.d, pp.…

The most appropriate products that could be used by MMC to achieve this objective would be: IP San and a Snap Lock. An IP San is a fiber optic channel that can provide secure real time data to each location. Where, software and security applications can be adapted to the current system that is being used. The Snap Lock is: a security software that can be used to provide an effective way for each location to retrieve, update and change information.
Support for why these procedures and products are the optimal approach for this organization

The reason why these different procedures and products were selected was: to reduce the overall risk exposure of the company's external threats. The current system that is being used by MMC increases risks dramatically, by having a number of different systems, where financial information is stored. If any one of these systems is vulnerable, there is…

Computer Contracting
Contracting Opportunities for a Computer Component Manufacturer: Trends in Federal Spending

The pace of technological development is now faster than it ever has been at any other time in human history, and this pace has been steadily increasing for several decades. The emergence of the computer in the first half of the twentieth century could not have foretold the power and mobility that these devices would provide a few short generations later, nor the opportunities that continuing advancement and technological growth would supply to businesses. For Vigilant Technology, a manufacturer of computer components, the opportunities are virtually endless. Selecting the most profitable route forward can be made more difficult by the abundance of choices, yet an examination of the current contracts being offered by the federal government can help indicate the large-scale trends needed for long-term profits, not to mention providing immediate short-term gains in terms of the contracts themselves.…

A system possesses authenticity when the information retrieved is what is expected by the user -- and that the user is correctly identified and cannot conceal his or her identity. Methods to ensure authenticity include having user names and secure passwords, and even digital certificates and keys that must be used to access the system and to prove that users 'are who they say they are.' Some highly secure workplaces may even use biological 'markings' like fingerprint readers (Introduction, 2011, IBM).

Accountability means that the source of the information is not anonymous and can be traced. A user should not be able to falsify his or her UL address or email address, given the requirements of the system. "Non-repudiation is a property achieved through cryptographic methods which prevents an individual or entity from denying having performed a particular action related to data... Through the use of security-related mechanisms, producers and consumers…

Security and Baseline Anomalies
Base lining is the performance of measuring and evaluation the presentation of a network in instantaneous situations. Provision of a network baseline calls for quizzing and reporting of physical connectivity, throughout the range of network usage. Such in-detailed network scrutiny is required in identifying problems associated with speed, accessibility, and finding vulnerabilities within the network. Predefined security settings are put in place to manage large security networks. These settings can be applied on a number of similar computers in a network. Settings and templates helps to reduce the occurrence of errors and omissions and this also helps in securing the servers.

How to obtain a baseline system

A baseline system of network behavior can be obtained through sub-netting a network. This entails dividing a network into smaller networks through a series of routers. Routers help to improve the security of the sub-nets by regulating the users within the network…

(%) Cross Site Scripting (XSS) errors -- by far the most common strategy hackers use to gain access to the source code of websites and the databases supporting them is to use a technique called cross-site scripting (Brodkin, 2007). Actively monitoring the percentage of XSS errors over time can determine patterns of when hackers attempt to gain access to a website's source code, database links, pricing and e-commerce systems. This is one of the most often used metrics in security dashboards used for monitoring Web-based applications and multisite installations.

(%) Incidence and Trending of Buffer Overflow Injection Flaws -- This is most commonly associated with attempts to gain access to SQL databases supporting a website by forcing a buffer overflow condition (Brodkin, 2007). This is one of the most effective hacking strategies there are as it forces a system to fail and allow access.

(%) Authentication Soft and Hard Errors -- the…

eference

Zeltser, L. (September 2011). Social Networking Safety. OUCH! The Monthly Security Awareness Newsletter for Computer Users. etrieved September 18, 2011 from http://www.securingthehuman.org/newsletters/ouch/issues/OUCH-201109_en.pdf

eply 3:

The SpyEye Hacking Toolkit ingeniously is being promoted online as an Android application that will guard against exactly what it does, which is steal online logins and passwords. What makes this application so state-of-the-art and unique is that it uses an Android client application on smart phones and other devices running the operating system to transmit data to the command and control (C2) server. The hackers then have the ability to capture logins and passwords and without the user's knowledge, transmit them to the server completely independent of any action taken by the user (Keizer, 2011). While this threat is most predominant in Europe and Australia, the potential exists for it to become global in scope within days due to the pervasive distribution of Android applications. As the…

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was enacted into law in 1986 to deal with the hacking of computer systems operated by the American government and certain financial institutions. Through its enactment, the legislation made it a federal offense to access a protected computer without authorization or to an extent that is beyond the authorized access. However, since it was passed into law, the act has been amended severally in attempts to expand its scope and penalties. In addition, the act has developed to be an important legislation since it's used widely not only by the government to prosecute hackers but it's also used by private corporations to help protect their trade secrets and other proprietary information.
Penalties and Fines in the Law:

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is considered as one of the most essential computer-crime laws because it was the first significant federal legislation to offer some protection against computer-based…

The programming design class gives the student many tools that they will need on the job, but there is much more to the design process than having the right tools. The ability to apply those tools to the situations that will arise on the job is one of the most important skills that the designer will have. However, this is not always easy to teach in the classroom. Therefore, it is important for the design student to read as many outside sources as possible. They must understand the various philosophies and approaches to the design process. They must understand the strengths and weaknesses of those approaches and how they relate to various customer projects. The computer program design student must develop the broadest knowledge base possible in order to deliver a quality product to the customer.

eferences

Din, J. & Idris, S. (2009). Object-Oriented Design Process Model. International Journal of Computer Science…

Security: Mobile Protection As the Internet has become the dominant means of communicating, sharing information, tending to business, storing data, and maintaining records in the Digital Age, the importance of security for the digital world has become more and more realized (Zhang et al., 2017). Not only do companies have to invest in digital security in order to safeguard against threats and risks such as hacking or malware, but individuals also have to be cognizant of the threats to their personal information and property now that all things are online. This is particularly important for people to consider given that so many individuals today carry around pocket computers in the form of a mobile phone—an iPhone, a smart phone, a tablet, an iPad—all of these devices require mobile protection as they can link up to and connect to the Internet wherever one goes (so long as one is within range of…

Computer-Based Crime
The illegal site I reviewed for this assignment is www.howtogrowmarijuana.com. This site covers virtually all aspects of marijuana growing -- which is an illegal activity because marijuana is widely outlawed in the United States. However, there are some states in which individuals can legally consume marijuana for medicinal purposes. In these states and others there exists the potential for businesses to legally supply this substance to people.

There is a large degree of transparency in this particular web site. It was the first result to appear with a Yahoo search for "How to grow marijuana." As the tile of the site suggests, it discusses many different facets of growing marijuana and stratifies this process according to location (indoor or outdoors), various strains of marijuana including seeds (No author, 2014), irrigation and growth systems involving hydroponics, and other germane equipment types such as the expensive lights used to assist marijuana growth.…

This leaves those clients that are inside unsupervised while the guard is outside. There is also a lack of signage inside displaying rules and regulations along with directions. This propagates a lot of unnecessary questions being asked of the surety officer on duty. In order to alleviate these issues it would be essential to place distinct parking signage outside in order to help facilitate clients parking in the correct spaces. It is also necessary to place directional signage within the facility along with general rules and policies. All of these signs together would cost approximately $1,000 to install.
The last security issue that needs to be addressed is that of the security information processes that is in place. As each client arrives at the facility, their license plate numbers are recorded and they are then assigned a number. They are seen by the appropriate medical personnel based upon the order…

eferences

Best practices in encryption. (2008). nuBridges.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.nubridges.com/keymanagement1/.

Bryan, H. (2001). eply to David Scott and C. Scott Shafer, recreational specialization: AC critical look at the construct. Journal of Leisure esearch, 33(3), 344.

By the numbers. (2008). Bass Pro-Shops. [Online]. Available: http://vocuspr.vocus.com/vocuspr30/Newsroom/ViewAttachment.aspx?SiteName=basspro&Entity=PAsset&Atta chmentType=F&EntityID=112488&AttachmentID=7f9f9eb0-2281-4066-b382- c00619b835c8.

Company overview. (2008). Bass Pro-Shops. [Online]. Available: http://www.onlinepressroom.net/basspro/.

Gerstein, D.M. (2005). Securing America's future: National strategy in the information age. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.

Hepner, . (2001, July 6). A surge in growth for county. The Washington Times, 8.

Michman, .D. & Greco, a.J. (1995). etailing triumphs and blunders: Victims of competition in the new age of marketing management. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.

Mueller, G. (1998, December 2). it's easy to find the right gift - Just read on. The Washington Times, 5.

Privacy and security statement. (2008). Bass Pro-Shops. [Online]. Available: http://www.basspro.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/PageDisplayView?langId=-1&storeId=10151 & cataloged=x&section=MyAccount&pagename=PrivacyPolicySummaryDisplay.

Schlosser, E. (1998). The bomb squad: A visit with the members of a police unit whose work load…

S. Department of Energy).
Q3. Discuss the internet of things and its likely consequences for developing an enforceable information assurance (IA) policy and implementing robust security architecture.

The internet of things refers to the inevitable connectedness of all things in all regions of the world through the internet. "The fact that there will be a global system of interconnected computer networks, sensors, actuators, and devices all using the internet protocol holds so much potential to change our lives that it is often referred to as the internet's next generation" (Ferber 2013). Although the internet feels ubiquitous today, the internet of things refers to an even more complete merger of the virtual and the real world. "In many and diverse sectors of the global economy, new web-based business models being hatched for the internet of things are bringing together market players who previously had no business dealings with each other. Through partnerships and…

Security Manager Leadership
Analysis & Assessment of Main Management Skills of Security Managers

The role of security managers and their progression to Chief Information Security Officers (CISO) in their careers is often delineated by a very broad base of experiences, expertise, skills and the continual development of management and leadership skills. The intent of this analysis and assessment is to define the most critically important management skills for security managers, including those most critical to their setting a solid foundation for attaining a senior management as a CISO in an enterprise (Whitten, 2008). What most differentiates those who progress in their careers as security managers to CISOs is the ability to interpret situations, conditions, relative levels of risk while continually learning new techniques, technologies and concepts pertaining to security and leadership. Those that attain CISO roles progress beyond management and become transformational leaders of the professionals in their department. It is the…

Hacking, the apolitical counterpart of hacktivism, is also not necessarily a form of terrorism. However, cyberterrorists often use hacking as a tool of terrorism.
Terrorists may be tempted to use computer attacks for several reasons including the following. First, cyberterrorism can be relatively inexpensive. Second, terrorists can easily remain anonymous when they use computer terrorism. Third, the scope of the attack can potentially be larger than physically combative ones. Fourth, cyberterror can be launched and managed remotely and fifth, computer terrorism can garner instant and widespread media attention. Cyberterrorism is not only in the province of international terrorist organizations but may also be used by fanatical religious groups or even by disgruntled employess. Using computer terrorism can also become an adjunct to traditional forms of terror like bombs.

The National Security Agency (NSA) has investigated vulnerabilities in their own systems and have hired hackers to expose weaknesses in their systems. Governmental…

Security on Commercial Flights
Describe two (2) lapses in pre-flight security that contributed to the ease of the hijacking operation on September 11, 2001

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States of America evaluated the security of the commercial Airline Industry. Major security lapses gave way for terrorists to board commercial flights, which finally led to the aircrafts' hijacking and demise.

The first lapse that contributed to terrorist attack is President Bill Clinton's ignorance. U.S. administration under the leadership of President Bill Clinton ignored warning signs that Osama bin Laden and al Qaida organization was planning a terrorist attack on United States. Osama Bin Laden claimed responsibility of various attacks on U.S. Militaries deployed in various countries, such as Sudan and Soviet Union aimed at fighting the rising terrorist groups (Oliver, 2006).

The failure of the Intelligence Community is another lapse that contributed to the attack. Security officials allowed the…

Physical Security Controls
Using attached Annotated outline provide a 5-page paper Physical Security Controls. I attached Annotated Outline Physical Security Controls. You references I Annotated Outline.

The advancement in technology has given rise to numerous computer security threats. It has become quite difficult to identify people online because many people use the internet with fake identities. This has made it easy for people to conduct criminal activities online. Online security of computer systems should be combined with physical security to ensure that no unauthorized person gain access to the systems. A physical security control can be termed as any obstacle used to delay serious attackers, and frustrate trivial attackers. This way a company or organization can be assured of the security if its information and computer systems. Majority of organizations use computer systems to store sensitive company information and employee data. This data needs to be properly secured to ensure that identity…

isk analysis projects are relatively expensive, and were so even in the mainframe computing era, because they involved the collection and evaluation of a significant volume of data. Earlier risk studies were conducted by in house staff or consultants and the in house people did not have much experience regarding the matter and the consultants did not know much about the requirements of the organization.
Presently, the familiarization task has become more complicated with the complex, multi-site networked and client server-based technology used now. A new system has developed now and here the first description is of the security entry classification and this classification involves object identifiers which will help the security officer to work. For developing this system, the risk assessors have significant knowledge of operating systems, the documentation procedures are versatile and comprehensive enough to makes the data collection task achievable and since the basic system is ready,…

Less satisfied knowledge dealing processes like keeping copies of old as well as unused spreadsheets which have several Social Security numbers instead of transmitting such data to long period and safe storage- persistently involve data at vulnerable stage. (Schuster 140-141)
Security concerns are associated with primarily to the system security, information security and also to Encryption. Taking into consideration the system security, it is applicable that what is pertinent to make sure that a system is quite secured, and decrease the scope that perpetrators could break into a website server and change pages. System security is a real responsibility particularly if one regulates one's owned Website server. (Creating Good Websites: Security)

There are two primary concerns in system security. One is in the application of passwords that ought to be selected and applied securely. But however protected a system could be, it is ordinarily exposed to the world if the password…

Attacks on the system security include password theft, back doors and bugs, social engineering, protocol failures, authentication failures, Denial of Service attacks, active attacks, botnets, exponential attacks including worms and viruses, and information leakage. (Fortify Software Inc., 2008); (Fortify Software, n. d.)
Servers are targets of security attacks due to the fact that servers contain valuable data and services. For instance, if a server contains personal information about employees, it can become a target for stealing identities. All types of servers, which include file, database, web, email and infrastructure management servers are vulnerable to security attacks with the threat coming from both external as well as internal sources.

Some of the server problems that can jeopardize its security include: (i) Weakly encrypted or unencrypted information, especially of a sensitive nature, can be intercepted for malicious use while being transmitted from server to client. (ii) Software bugs present in the server Operating…

Network Security: An Issue for Business Data Communication
Computer security and the protection of data has been an issue since the early 1980s when computers became standard office equipment. Company sensitive information is stored on computers. Protecting the access to and integrity of this information has been a key concern for managers and computer specialists alike. The issues in data security have not changed, however the advent of the Internet has made keeping data secure more difficult. The Internet did not change the key issues, just the number of users trying to access the information. Network administrators have been facing these issues for quite some time.

The key security issue facing IT professionals is to protect the system from invaders or intruders known as Hackers. Hackers can be grouped into several categories according to motive. They are Joyriders (who do it for fun), Vandals (who do it to cause harm), Scorekeepers (who…

Second, the specific connection points thoughout the netwok also need to be evaluated fo thei levels of existing secuity as well, with the WiFi netwok audited and tested (Loo, 2008). Thid, the Vitual Pivate Netwoks (VPNS) and the selection of secuity potocols needs to be audited (Westcott, 2007) to evaluate the pefomance of IPSec vs. SSL potocols on oveall netwok pefomance (Rowan, 2007). Many smalle copoations vacillate between IPSec and SSL as the copoate standad fo wieless connections, defining the advantages and disadvantages as the table below has captued.
Table 1: Technical Analysis of Diffeences between IPSec and SSL

IPSec

SSL

Topology

Site-to-site VPN; mainly configued in a hub-and-spoke design

Remote-access VPN

Secuity

Session authentication

Authenticates though digital cetificate o peshaed key

Dops packets that do not confom to the secuity policy

Authenticate though the use of digital cetificates; dops packets if a fatal alet is eceived

Confidentiality

Uses a flexible suite of encyption and tunneling mechanisms at the IP netwok laye

Encypts…