" This particular cultural value system in fact helped me to assimilate more easily into the two institutions in which I spent most of my working life. The work ethic is defined as follows:
The work ethic is a cultural norm that advocates being personally accountable and responsible for the work that one does and is based on a belief that work has intrinsic value." (Hill, R.. and. Petty, G.C. 1995) This attitude towards work has aided my understanding of the value systems as well as the ethos and meaning of work and decision making in both the military and police. The value of personal accountability in particular was one of the cardinal aspects that was emphasized in both organizations and which formed the basis of all decisions. The fact that one had to take responsibility for the decisions one made ensured that no decision was taken lightly and without due…...

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Bibliography

Bell, W. The Impact of Policies on Organizational Values and Culture. Retrieved December 25, 2004 from United States Air Force Academy. Web site:  http://www.usafa.af.mil/jscope/JSCOPE99/Bell99.html 

Hill, R.B. and. Petty, G.C. (1995) a New Look at Selected Employability Skills: A Factor Analysis of the Occupational Work Ethic. Retrieved December 24, 2004, from the University of Georgia. Web Site:  http://www.coe.uga.edu/~rhill/workethic/jverart.htm 

Making Sense of Ethics. Retrieved December 23, 2004, from JOSEPHSON INSTITUTE of ETHICS. Web site:  http://www.josephsoninstitute.org/MED/MED-1makingsense.htm 

Sundaram, D.S. EXPLORING the RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, and PERFORMANCE. Retrieved December 25, 2004, from Mississippi State University. Web site:  http://marketing.byu.edu/htmlpages/ccrs/proceedings99/webster.htm

Cultural Values and Ethics
No personal or professional decision happens in a vacuum. We are continually bombarded by external influences from family members, friends, culture, society, the media, and our mentors. Small decisions that seem simple and meaningless, such as choosing which clothes to wear to a job interview, are often based on personal and cultural values. Values influence decisions ranging on consumer choices to career choices. Therefore, it can be helpful for individuals to examine the cultural, personal, and organizational values that impact their lives.

I have had the unique opportunity to experience more than one cultural value system. Growing up in Puerto ico, I was influenced by traditional ideas of gender roles, politics, and religion. My childhood experiences and the values that I absorbed from my culture and my family influenced my decision to enter the American armed forces before entering college. My value system included a respect for authority…...

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References

Barkdoll, Gerald L. "Individual Personality and Organizational Culture." Retrieved October 7, 2005 from http://www.pamij.com/barkdoll.html

Schein, Edgar H. "Organizational Culture and Leadership." Retrieved October 7, 2005 from  http://www.tnellen.com/ted/tc/schein.html

Ethics and Decision Making
Values and Decision Making

The process of making a moral or ethical decision is governed largely by the values that are applied when making the decision. In any case where a decision is being made, there are a range of values that can potentially impact the decision. These include personal values, organizational values, and cultural values. The value system that is most significant will depend on both the context of the decision and the nature of the decision. This will now be explored by considering how moral and ethical decisions are made and what kinds of personal, organizational, and cultural values impact on decision making.

Before describing how my values impact decision making, it is important to first define the basis on which I make moral decisions. This is based on the three levels of personal moral development: the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level (Graham…...

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References

Graham, J.W. (1995). Leadership, moral development and citizenship behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(1), 43-54.

Janis, I.L. (2000). Groupthink. In J. Billsberry (Ed.), The effective manager: Perspectives and illustrations (pp. 166-178). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Jansen, E., & Von Gilnow, M.A. (1985). Ethical ambivalence and organizational reward systems. Academy of Management Review, 10, 814-822.

Woodman, R., & Pasmore, W. (1990). Research and organizational change and development. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Despite its conservative image, IBM is known for its philanthropy as well as its technical innovation. Thus, I became an IBMer.
My mother, as a woman still struggling with her career in the business world almost thirty years ago, at first disapproved. IBM had a reputation as a male-dominated company -- but male did not necessarily mean misogynist, in my mind. For twenty years, it was my home. Although I have since left the company, I was heartened to see, on its recent website message from the current CEO, "e've been spending a great deal of time thinking, debating and determining the fundamentals of this company. It has been important to do so. hen IBMers have been crystal clear and united about our strategies and purpose, it's amazing what we've been able to create and accomplish. hen we've been uncertain, conflicted or hesitant, we've squandered opportunities and even made blunders…...

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Works Cited

Musante, Louis a. (November 2001, Issue 1) "IBM." Optimize Magazine. Retrieved on October 17, 2004 at  http://www.optimizemag.com/article/showArticle.jhtml?articleId=17700582 

Palmisano, Samuel J. (2004) "Business Value, and Company Value." IBM Official website. Retrieved on October 17, 2004 at  http://www.ibm.com/ibm/values/us/ 

Reed, Margaret. (August 9, 2004) "IBM business: it's business, not charity.

Federal Computer Week. Retrieved on October 17, 2004 at  http://www.fcw.com/print.asp

This whole process is grounded in a commitment to social justice...." (Morales, 2003)
Fortunately, the organization I work for has an open systems approach, which allows its employees to evaluate (1) ways of being (the psychological business process); (2) ways of knowing (the spiritual business process); and (3) ways of behaving (the theoretical and technical business processes). This open system philosophy frees the decision making process from cultural and personal influences, and instead encourages evaluation of issues on their independent merits (Williams, 1996, p. 100-101).

Thus, the organization that I work for has a culture, which has been more successful than most in avoiding the pitfalls of deeply embedded social or cultural identities, which often prove to be obstacles in the way of successful conflict management especially with our overseas units. This is contrary to the findings of several research studies, which have found that social identification and cultural values lead…...

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References

Hong, Ying-yi., Chan, G., Chiu, Chi-yue., Wong, R.Y.M. (2003, December). How are social identities linked to self-conception and intergroup orientation? The moderating effect of implicit theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Washington, Vol. 85:6, p. 1147.

Mattison, M. (2000). Ethical Decision Making: The Person in the Process. Social Work.

Vol. 45:3, p. 201.

Morales, a.H. (2003). Multicultural Competence 101. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Cultural values are particularly important when considering communities such as the Mexicans, the Americans, or the Chinese. Even with this, while Mexicans and Chinese individuals tend to be more attached to their cultures, Americans are more relaxed and open-minded when it comes to culture, this largely being owed to the diverse ethnic environment in the U.S. The Chinese and the Mexicans are very strict with regard to their cultures and they tend to influence individuals belonging to each community to act in accordance with a certain set of ideas.
Foods are very diverse, both in Mexico and in the U.S. Even with this, the fact that Native American history has shaped both cultures means that there are numerous common cooking ingredients in both communities. hile both countries focus on corn as an item that can be used alongside of a series of other foods, one can really see a similarity between…...

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Works cited:

Brown, L.M. "Childbirth Traditions Around the World: China." Retrieved September 26, 2013, from http://www.babyzone.com/pregnancy/labor-and-delivery/childbirth-traditions-china_70703

"American Culture: Traditions and Customs of the United States." Retrieved September 23, 2013, from  http://www.livescience.com/28945-american-culture.html 

"Chinese Culture: Customs & Traditions of China." Retrieved September 23, 2013, from  http://www.livescience.com/28823-chinese-culture.html 

"Mexican Culture: Customs & Traditions." Retrieved September 23, 2013, from  http://www.livescience.com/38647-mexican-culture.html

Cultural Values
Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions can help to inform our understanding of our own cultures. My background is mostly Spanish, with a little bit of Pascua Yaqui on my mother's side. I would characterize my culture as having a high power distance where we are taught to always respect authority. This happens in school, church and in the family as well. Everybody has a position within the family and within society, and you must stay within that position. The culture is also very collectivist in that way. I was raised to believe that we work as a unit, without worrying too much about individual goals. The exception is that you are expected to work to make yourself better, which I think reflects more of a traditional American value that has come from being here.

An example of how this works is with my ancestors' grandfather. He was from Andalucia in Spain…...

Cultural Distance: How Is it Measured, And How it Impact on Global Marketing Operations
The persistence of cultural distances is relevant for the global multinational marketing operations exposed to multiple cultures in their everyday activities. This indicates that marketing across border introduces complexities because it forces global marketers to tailor their approaches and practices to each cultural context they carry out their business activities. As a result, this paper will discuss concepts applicable to different aspects of cross-border operations. The primary focus of the paper is on multinational business corporations (Baumann, 2007).

This study shows how Hofstede's model is still the most relevant piece of reference for a successive cross-cultural analysis despite it being a widely criticized. The paper compares and contrasts Hofstede's famous concepts with Turner and Schwartz, Trompenaars and Hampden's valued inventory. It will attempt to provide empirical evidence of how cultural diversity influences the global markets by giving illustrations…...

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References

Baumann, A. (2007). Influences of culture on the style of business behavior between Western and Arab managers. Mu-nchen: GRIN Verlag GmbH.

Baumu-ller, M. (2007). Managing cultural diversity: An empirical examination of cultural networks and organizational structures as governance mechanisms in multinational corporations. Bern: Lang.

Cavusgil, T. & Ghauri, P.N. (2009). New challenges to international marketing. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Curry, J.E. (2009). A short course in international marketing: Approaching and penetrating the global marketplace. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press.

Cultural Priorities Affect Marketing
Cultural Priorities - Marketing

Author's note with contact information with more details on collegiate affiliation, etc.

How Cultural Priorities Affect Marketing

A key to any marketing strategy for any product or service is to know the target demographic very well. What is the use of marketing a product or service to a group of people about which one knows nothing? There is none; it is a waste of time, effort, and resources. Understanding a demographic requires more than incorporating knowledge gathered from statistics; understanding a demographic requires that those marketing to that group have a solid understanding of that group's culture. Culture is a key factor in understanding attitudes, behaviors, tastes, and modes of expression. Applied knowledge of cultures and cultural priorities should only benefit those marketing to that group. The more a marketing team considers the cultural priorities of the group to which it markets, the higher likelihood…...

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References:

Hollis, N. (2009) "Culture Clash: Globalization Does Not Imply Homogenization." Millard Brown: POV, 1 -- 4.

Schwartz, S.H. (1999) "A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work." Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48(1), 23 -- 47.

Essay Topic Examples
1. Cultural Narratives and Brand Loyalty:
    Explore how cultural stories and traditions influence consumer loyalty to brands, examining case studies from different cultures.

2. The Role of Festivals in Consumer Behavior:
    Analyze how cultural festivals and holidays drive consumerism, focusing on the increase in purchases during these times.

3. Globalization vs. Local Consumerism:
    Discuss the tension between global consumer trends and the preservation of local cultural consumer practices.

4. Cultural Values and Sustainable Consumption:
    Examine how cultural values towards sustainability affect consumer behavior, particularly in terms of product choices and waste management.

5. Media Influence on Cultural Consumerism:
    Investigate how media, including social media, shapes consumer desires and behaviors within different cultural contexts.

Essay Title Examples

1. "The Cultural Tapestry of Consumerism"

2. "Festivals, Fads, and Consumer Frenzy"

3. "Globalization's Impact on Local Consumer Cultures"

4. "Sustainability Through Cultural Lenses"

5. "Media as the Mirror of Consumer Culture"

Essay Hook Examples

1. "Imagine a world where every purchase you make is a reflection of your…...

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Primary Sources

Primary Sources

Arnould, Eric J., and Craig J. Thompson. \"Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research.\" Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 31, no. 4, 2005, pp. 868-882.

Belk, Russell W. \"Possessions and the Extended Self.\" Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 15, no. 2, 1988, pp. 139-168.

McCracken, Grant. Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities. Indiana University Press, 1988.

Miller, Daniel. Material Culture and Mass Consumption. Blackwell, 1987.

Schudson, Michael. Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion: Its Dubious Impact on American Society. Basic Books, 1984.

Cultural Experience
Description

The event is more a series of events. I went on vacation with some friends to Miami, and while not everything I experienced on that trip would count as a cultural experience, there is little question that there were some very different experiences. There was the visit to the Haitian restaurant, for example, but the event that stands out the most was my visit to Calle Ocho, the old Cuban neighborhood. As Korean student I find it challenging enough to deal with mainstream American culture, but Hispanic culture is completely different again, so this experience provided me with an interesting counterpoint to my usual experiences in the United States.

In this neighborhood, if people can speak English they do not admit it. There are coffee windows where strong, sugary shots of Cuban coffee and cafe con leche are dispensed to passers-by in a hurry. There are old men playing dominos…...

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Works Cited:

Devine, P. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 56 (1) 5-18.

Geert Hofstede.com (2012). National culture. Geert-Hofstede.com. Retrieved May 7, 2012 from  http://geert-hofstede.com 

Hofstede, G. (1983). The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories. Journal of International Business Studies. Vol. 14 (Fall 1983) 75-89.

Mallol, C., Holtom, B. & Lee, T. (2007). Job embeddedness in a culturally diverse environment. Journal of Business Psychology. Vol. 22, 35-44.

Cultural Diversity in the United States
The United States is one of the most multi-culturally diverse nations in the world. It has often been described as a melting point in which diverse cultures converge. The country is filled with people drawn from different cultures such as Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and Europeans. This study focuses on the concept and importance of cultural diversity in the U.S. I believe that cultural diversity is desirable in the United States because it fosters harmonious interaction of people: it should be encouraged because it makes American Citizen's appreciate and respect each other's culture.

Culture refers to an integrated system of learned conduct or behavior patterns that are distinct with members of a given society. As such, culture refers to a people's way of thinking or living. It incorporates people's traditions, religions, mode of dressing, language, values, and beliefs. Language allows people to establish a sense of unity…...

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References

Pojman, L. (1999). Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong, 3rd edition. Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth.

Cultural diversity refers to the diverse varieties of human cultures that exist in a certain region, society or in the world as a whole. The characteristics of diversity may include ethnicity, traditions, geographic background, language spoken, religious beliefs, race or physical features. This term is also based on the idea that different cultures should respect each other's differences. With the global integration, the need for communication in accordance with other person's cultural awareness has intensified. Many times, any gesture that is considered offensive in one culture is completely accepted in the other culture. Hence, people sometimes develop misunderstandings when communicating with someone from a different culture. Therefore, it is essential that differences are appreciated for an effective communication.
I am a Christian man who is originally from Ukraine. My mother tongue is Ukrainian and I came to United States some 10 years ago. I am very moderate in my religious orientations…...

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Bibliography

Newsom, D., Turk, J.V., and Kruckeberg, D. (2004). This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.

Rosener, J.B. (1990) "Ways Women Lead," Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 6, pp. 119-25

Cultural Briefing Document Zurich Switzerland
The LJ Products Co. is proud to announce that one of our executive staff will be joining our staff in Zurich Switzerland in January of 2012. Mr. Didier Burkhalter will be joining our Zurich staff as chief financial officer. Mr. Burkhalter will report directly to the CEO and other members of the board. To make Mr. Burkhalter feel welcome in his new position it is requested that all staff members read the following briefing prior to his arrival and that they become familiar with the customs of Mr. Burkhalter's country of origin. All staff members should extend Mr. Burkhalter a warm welcome by familiarizing themselves with his customs. The following summarizes many of the customs of Swiss society, using American culture as a reference point.

Cultural Dimensions

Hofstede's cultural dimensions is the most widely used system for developing a framework that assesses national cultures and organizational cultures. Hofstede's…...

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References

COMMUNICAID GROUP LTD. 2009. Doing Busineass in Switzerland: Swiss Social and Business Culture. [online] Available from: [accessed to December 2011}.http://www.communicaid.com/access/pdf/library/culture/doing-business-in/Doing%20Business%20in%20Switzerland.pdf

EDIPLOMAT. 2011. Switzerland. [online] Available from:   [accessed to December 2011}.http://www.ediplomat.com/np/cultural_etiquette/ce_ch.htm 

EXPATICA. 2011. Management Culture in Switzerland. Expatica.com. [online] Available from:   [accessed to December 2011}.http://www.expatica.com/ch/employment/employment_information/Management-culture-in-Switzerland_13331.html 

HOFSTEDE, G. 2001. Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Cultural Counselor
Being a counselor can sometimes be a really tough job. Counseling can only be effective and beneficial when the counselor places himself or herself in the shoes of his or her client. If he or she is unable to do so, he or she will never become an effective counselor. Placing oneself in the circumstances of someone else is not easy, let alone placing oneself in the shoes of a person who is of a different race, religion or culture. That is the real test of a counselor. In this paper I shall discuss what is required to understand the cross-cultural relationships in counseling to help the client get over their problem easily. All the dimensions pertaining to counseling (of a client of a different background that the counselor) will discussed with the case scenario.

Case Scenario

When clients and counselors have different cultural (or ethnic or racial) backgrounds, the need…...

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References:

Cannon, E.P. (2008). "Promoting moral reasoning and multicultural competence during internship." Journal of Moral Education, 37(4), 503-518.

Crethar, Hugh C. And Ratts, Manivong J. (2008). "Why Social Justice is a Counseling Concern?"

Gilbert, Jane. (2002). "Cross-cultural issues in counseling skillstraining: lessons from Lesotho."

Journal of Social Development in Africa. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

The impact of culture on an individual's approach to the classroom is significant. Culture shapes our beliefs, values, and behaviors, which in turn shape our approach to learning and education. Proper spacing and format might look like this:

Culture, with its rich tapestry of traditions, customs, and societal norms, can greatly influence the way we view and engage with the classroom. Firstly, culture shapes our attitudes towards education. In some cultures, education is highly valued and seen as the key to success, leading individuals to approach the classroom with enthusiasm and a strong desire to learn. Conversely, in cultures where education....

**Literary Analysis and Criticism**

* **Compare and contrast the literary techniques and themes employed by two or more authors in their works.**
* **Analyze the structure, language, and symbolism in a literary work to uncover its deeper meanings.**
* **Examine the historical and cultural context that influenced the creation and reception of a literary text.**
* **Explore the psychoanalytic or feminist perspectives on a literary work and discuss their implications.**
* **Evaluate the significance and lasting impact of a particular literary movement or genre.**

**Rhetorical Analysis and Argument**

* **Analyze the persuasive techniques used in a speech, essay, or other persuasive text.**
* **Evaluate the logical reasoning and....

Art Heist Unravels: The Case of the Stolen Masterpieces

In the annals of art crime, the recent theft of a collection of priceless masterpieces from the National Gallery has sent shockwaves through the art world and beyond. The heist, which occurred under the cover of darkness, has left authorities baffled and the public reeling in disbelief.

The Stolen Treasures

The stolen works include some of the most iconic and valuable paintings in history. Among them are "The Starry Night" by Vincent van Gogh, "The Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci, and "The Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Johannes Vermeer. Their combined value....

Title: Navigating the Crossroads of Authority: Exploring the Legitimacy and Limits of Power in Political Theory

Introduction:
At the crux of political theory lies the intricate interplay between authority and power, a dynamic relationship that has sparked debates and shaped paradigms for centuries. This essay delves into the multifaceted concept of legitimacy, interrogating the foundations of authority and the boundaries of power. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary perspectives, we will explore the challenges and complexities of legitimizing power, the tensions between various sources of authority, and the implications for political practice and social justice.

1. The Sources and Foundations of....