Distance Education Essays (Examples)

As Moore continues, he notes, "Such time spent in designing and producing high-quality materials, planning teaching strategies, training trainers will increase the chances of success. There is a direct relationship between the institutional the effectiveness of a program and the time and money spent in its design" (Moore,). He cannot overstress the importance of this early design and strategy, and without it, the class will never be as strong or as instructional to the student.

How to implement this strong foundation is another element of this tip. Clearly, the designer and the instructor have to be on the same page. The instructor may not be familiar with distance learning on a large scale, and in that case, they should receive training and education on how to effectively develop distance learning course materials. It is a skill, and not one everyone automatically understands, and so expert training should be available. Moore…

References

Moore, M. Tips for managers setting up a distance education program.

Sometimes "book" knowledge is not the only applicable solution to a problem, and real, direct experience is a much better solution in situations such as these. As Foley concludes, "The aim will be to mine the implicit knowledge of practitioners rather than the explicit knowledge of the textbook, through a process of storytelling and the building of communities of practice" (Foley). This seems to take distance education in a full circle from where it started. It began as a way for a more diverse population to experience higher and continuing education, it has moved on to be a major source of higher education at many institutions, and in the future, it may alter yet again to bring vital education to a diverse population that can use it to better their lives.

Foley's view certainly only looks at one aspect of distance education, but it is an important aspect, because it…

It is no longer necessary to attend a class in person, but instead attendance is online at the student's convenience, and that means it is much more possible for students to get an education and support an institution at the same time. Thus, technology has revolutionized education, and has made it much more possible for everyone to attend a university or other school, and that is certainly something to celebrate, rather than grumble about.

It is certainly true that every culture must deal with technology in their own way. Americans have embraced technology, and it makes sense that it would spread to education. Today's young people are a familiar with technological devices as they are with their own families, and this makes them ideal candidates for more distance education in the future. They are already whizzes at texting, camera photography, and video games, so developing additional methods of delivery and…

In addition, the structure and presentation of required, basic course material are more goal-oriented and motivating to meet the needs of students.

While critics initially charged that Net-based learning was vastly inferior to traditional classroom settings, some now wonder if traditional education will survive as the transformational possibilities of Net-based learning, teaching and developing course content are fully realized. he answer is a resounding 'yes'. he reason is that net-based learning can be designed to include some elements of socialization, but not all. Physically attending college is a great experience. Colleges shape students' lives and teach values, ethics and cultures that are unique to schools. Often, one can tell which school a person has attended just by listening to the person's communication style. Going to an online school is different. Students can have a great learning experience in an online school, but students may not get a chance to fully…

Teachers will have to adapt to the new role of the student on the Net. For instance, the teacher role must shift from being a leader to being a coach as student autonomy in the learning process increases. The traditional methods of oral and written review of assigned textual material will no longer be the way to measure learning. Instead, students will measure and document their own learning progress. Within the knowledge building community, teachers will be one expert of many and must now function as a "team of experts" rather than as a sole source of expertise.

With regards to course development, technologies in Net-based learning such as multimedia, hypertext, and search engines for ubiquitous information access "are creating non-linear and multidimensional learning environments" to support student autonomy. In addition, the structure and presentation of required, basic course material are more goal-oriented and motivating to meet the needs of students.

While critics initially charged that Net-based learning was vastly inferior to traditional classroom settings, some now wonder if traditional education will survive as the transformational possibilities of Net-based learning, teaching and developing course content are fully realized. The answer is a resounding 'yes'. The reason is that net-based learning can be designed to include some elements of socialization, but not all. Physically attending college is a great experience. Colleges shape students' lives and teach values, ethics and cultures that are unique to schools. Often, one can tell which school a person has attended just by listening to the person's communication style. Going to an online school is different. Students can have a great learning experience in an online school, but students may not get a chance to fully immerse themselves the culture of the college they are attending. Colleges offer interactive environments and encourage students to participate in extra-curricular activities. Students join different clubs and student unions at the colleges, and participate in debates, games and sports. These activities help shape students' lives and characters. Online learning communities can offer only some of a college's social environment; it can never replicate the same degree of face-to-face interactions. According to Peters (1998), "Although distance education and Net-based learning will significantly impact university learning, the traditional university will not be lost because it provides experiences that are unavailable to the distance learning student. As a result, "the university of the future will be a mixed mode university and distance education will be a prominent if not the fundamental element in it."

An admission interviewer could help explore the above issues with any student considering the program and help the student determine for herself or himself whether the program might match his or her needs. Students who are most likely to be actively engaged in the process are also likely to achieve success in distance-learning program.

Clariana & Mohler (2000) performed a survey of distance-learners enrolled in a program sponsored by Pennsylvania State University and came to the following conclusions. The students themselves described these traits as being essential to their own success. It should be noted that these are students who have attended more than one distance-learning class and so -- as suggested above -- are more likely than first-time distance-learners to succeed:

The factors active engagement and independence were highly correlated with course achievement. Students that are actively engaged are likely taking maximum advantage of the course resources, while independent…

References

Clariana, R. & Mohler, L. (2000). Presentation for AECT Annual Convention in Denver, CO in October 2000. Retrieved 31 March 2010 from  http://www.aect.org/ .

Diaz, D.P., & Cartnal, R.B. (1999). Students' learning styles in two classes: Online distance learning and equivalent on-campus. College teaching 47(4), 130-135

Muse, H.E. (2004).The web-based community college student: an examination of factors that l ead to success and risk. Internet and higher education 6(3): 241-261.

Osborne, V. 2001. Identifying at-risk students in videoconferencing and web-based distance education. The American journal of distance education15 (1): 41-54.

This places distance learning at a great advantage to traditional educational systems.

After learning new information, the student must then move on to the development of logical reasoning, and use newly acquired information in combination with pre-existing knowledge to come to new conclusions. Distance learning can provide students with this opportunity. Of course, there is a danger in the distance-learning environment that students will simply be asked to regurgitate facts or figures. However, this danger is not unique to distance-learning, and can occur in any type of learning environment. Competent distance educators go beyond asking students "what?" And ask them "why?" By challenging students to address why things happen, educators in any environment help students synthesize knowledge and learn their reasoning skills.

Finally, distance education provides students with a way to acquire maturity. Unlike the traditional educational environments, distance education forces students to be completely personally accountable for their educations.…

This helps the institution become more successful and viable, and it creates a more diversified and content student body. It is the responsibility of students to demand this type of diversity if it does not already exist, as well. Students have the right to expect the best educational experience they can imagine at their institutions, and institutions have the responsibility to continually upgrade their delivery and content to meet the needs of a changing student body. Diversity brings greater awareness and understanding, and it brings new opportunities to learn from a more diverse population. An institution that remains stagnant when it comes to diversity will find itself behind the times and losing enrollment to more progressive schools, and so, it is the responsibility of the institution to keep current and foster diversity.

Diversity is the wave of the future, and an institution has to prepare its students for the future,…

References

Cain, M.L. Theorizing the Effects of Class, Gender, and Race on Adult Learning in Nonformal and Informal Settings.

This is highly believable, but it is also quite believable that institutions that wholeheartedly support distance programs will never change their basic philosophy or outlook on education and its delivery, and that will keep institutions from advancing nearly as far as possible in the distance education field. In fact, the lack of experienced and transformation would hold most institutions back from achieving their true potential in the area. The entire structure and purpose of institutions is going to have to change and grow with the future, and for many that may be too large a problem to overcome. Beaudoin calls it an "elusive goal" unless leadership and ideas are transformed, and that certainly seems to be the case. It may take another generation or more before innovative new leaders are ready to lead some of the most prestigious institutions in the nation, and that may be too late for truly…

References

Beaudoin, M. Viewpoint about the future of distance education.

Thus, an instructor and his or her assistants may actually spend more time with an online class, and it seems many instructors and administrators simply do not understand that concept before they begin designing and programming an online class.

I believe that many people who are still unfamiliar with online programming and development also misjudge the time it takes to create a class and upload it to the Web. Many may be at least a little familiar with old HTML techniques, and unfamiliar with newer programming, like Java and XL, that require a lot more programming knowledge and understanding, and most classes today need sophisticated programming techniques to keep much more Internet-savvy students interested in the content and the course. An old-fashioned basic HTML course might be good for older students, but for young, college-age students, the programming and design need to capture their attention, like a sophisticated video game,…

That should not be surprising in light of the fact that many are surprised to hear of the extent to which people relied on so-called "snail mail" even for correspondence in decades past; let alone the concept of taking advanced education courses through traditional mail service.

Pittman seems to make a point that relates to the proposed area of hypothetical research (above) in that he criticizes the adherence to the mode of lesson presentation, irrespective of whether the medium involved is face-to-face instruction or computerized lesson module. According to Pittman, expansion of educational efforts to include novel and newer media is a necessary but largely insufficient first step. In many respects, the principal flaws inherent in the traditional concept of education transcends the shift to even the most advanced computer presentation. Specifically, lecture-based lesson presentation is not conducive to the highest retention of student interest, and the limits of passive…

While popularly associated with the advent of web-based technologies, DE is not a new phenomenon (agusa et al. 2009, 679)." The author asserts that during the nineteenth century many universities had correspondence programs. These programs remained popular for many years because they were different from more conventional learning environments. At the current time, distance education is driven by the pace of technological change and such changes are occurring globally in a manner that is rapid and complex. There are currently more than 130 countries in which institutions of higher learning provide students with distance courses (agusa et al. 2009). These courses often have as a foundation new information and communication technologies. The author also explains that

"In Australia, DE has particularly been embraced, at institutional and policy levels, as a means of extending higher education to rural, isolated, and often structurally disadvantaged learners (little or no access to a reliable…

References

Bradley. Review of Australian Higher Education. Retrieved online from:  http://www.deewr.gov.au/HigherEducation/Review/Documents/PDF/Higher%20Education%20Review_one%20document_02.pdf 

Filan, G.L., & Seagren, A.T. (2003). Six critical issues for midlevel leadership in post-secondary settings. New Directions for Higher Education, (124), 21 -- 31.

Gray K. & RadloffA. (2010). Higher Education Research & Development

Vol. 29, No. 3, 291 -- 305

Thus for students to reap the maximum benefit from the distance education more particularly over the cultural obstacles, these elements are to be taken into account prior to designing of the courses. (Global Distance Education Initiative: Principles and Practices of International Distance Education)

To supplement, only one in 20% of people worldwide are online and most of those about 60% reside in North America having only five percent of global population. Only 14 million telephone lines exist in the whole of Africa which is quite lesser than that exists in Manhattan or Tokyo. It is not possible in case of a particular agency or nation to meet the huge costs of extending universal Internet access. However, most of the organizations, companies, and individuals are engaged in devising the methods to bridge the gap one connection at a time through targeted and cost-effective efforts. Devoid of electricity and phone lines, the…

References

Forster, Peter. The effect of distance learning on tertiary education in the pacific region: A discussion article. Retrieved at  http://www.blue-oceans.com/psychology/docs/globalisation_pac_edu.pdf . Accessed on 24 December, 2004

Lee, Inkyung; Do, Joonho. Global Distance Education Initiative: Principles and Practices of International Distance Education. Occasional Paper 97-01. Institute for Public Policy and Social Research Michigan State University. October 1997. Retrieved at http://www.ippsr.msu.edu/Documents/gdei.pdf. Accessed on 24 December, 2004

Strehle, Glenn P. Distance Learning in America: How Institutions and Corporations are Stimulating Growth. September 26, 2000. Retrieved at http://caes.mit.edu/headquarters/report-20000926.html. Accessed on 24 December, 2004

Van Hook, Steven R. Distance Education: Will Global Learning Get Online? Jones International University. August 26, 2000. Retrieved at http://www.west.net/~wwmr/distance.htm. Accessed on 24 December, 2004

Education Industry Marketing Distance Learning?

"Online advertisements by traditional and dot.com institutions is an indication of a new trend in mass marketing of education. The strategies are based on traditional transactional marketing approach where each transaction is treated as an isolated event" (Shaik, 2005).

The opportunities for getting a degree without having to physically attend classes have grown exponentially the past twenty years or so, thanks to the explosive growth of distance learning (also called online education). This paper delves into the marketing of distance learning, and presents a wide range of approaches by various educational institutions and marketing eb sites that promote distance education.

According to eLearners.com, a eb site that markets online colleges and universities, there are 222 colleges currently offering distance education, and there are 5.6 million students taking courses online. The eLearners.com site sells ads to online colleges and universities and offers a link to each…

Works Cited

College-Scholarship.com. (2011). College Scholarships, Colleges, and Online Degrees.

Retrieved October 26, 2011, from  http://www.college-scholarships.com .

Education-Portal.com. (2011). Colleges and Universities that Offer Free Courses Online.

Retrieved October 25, 2011, from  http://education-portal.com .

Pre-Course Program for Entry-Level Online Adult Students

Distance education is one of the most dynamic and fastest-growing segments of college and graduate level education. Many educational institutions with long histories of traditional classroom-based learning opportunities are expanding their programs to include distance-based learning via the Internet. In fact, many colleges and universities have invested heavily in their distance education programs. Courses for distance learners are offered in an array of formats that are designed to make learning opportunities accessible to students at anytime, anywhere in the world.

Limited information is available concerning the ability of traditional adult learners to adapt to the online learning environment to successfully complete an online learning degree program. (Baker, et al., 1994)

Today, educational elitism is a serious problem for many distance and non-traditional students. Most traditional learners look down on the non-traditional learner and distance-based educational programs as a whole. Many times these degrees…

References

Altbach, Philip G. (1999). Private Prometheus: Private Higher Education and Development in the 21st Century. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Astleitner, Hermann (2002). Teaching critical thinking online. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 29.

Baker, Eva L., et al. (1994). Technology Assessment in Education and Training.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Beard, Lawrence A., et al. (2002). Student perceptions of online vs. On campus instruction. Education, 122.

nursing school students can apply their critical skills in appropriate ways that maximizes critical thinking. The researchers documented in their research the ability for nurses to interact and learn with people from elder generations. The authors wrote "Educators and instructors who work with young health professionals need to be aware of the short-term effects of service learning activities on students' knowledge of aging in general and their longer term effects on students' knowledge of mental health care needs in the aging population. The knowledge and attitude gains are limited. This may suggest that service learning activities stimulate students' learning of aging issues and older adults' actual needs."

This study is useful because it highlights the importance of service learning and how this approach can be used in a manner to increase patient outcomes. By documenting the way of service as a learning method to explore critical thinking models that can…

References

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2000). Distance technology in nursing education: Assessing a new frontier. Journal of Professional Nursing, 16(2), 116-122.

American Psychological Association (nd). Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education. Viewed 15 Feb. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/science/programs/testing/fair-code.aspx

Axley, L. (2008). The integration of technology into nursing curricula: Supporting faculty via the technology fellowship program. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13(3).

Holder, B. (2007). An investigation of hope, academics, environment, and motivation as predictors of persistence in higher education online programs. The Internet and higher education, 10(4), 245-260.

Distance Learning

There is a great responsibility for society to educate its citizens properly and to provide them the necessary tools to become successful. Educational systems are varied and are designed for different purposes that places each member within society according to its skills, talents and desires. One form of education, distance learning, is becoming very popular in today's world. The purpose of this essay is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning and contrast them with more traditional types of education.

Hanna described today's educational world as ever changing and offered many approaches to solve this dilemma. He claimed "our approach to creating positive environments for learning must change to engage learners more directly with the world at hand. Teaching and learning strategies must meet learners where they are and build from the knowledge and understanding they bring to the learning situation " (9). It is important…

Works Cited

Bronack, Stephen, Riedl, Richard, Tashner, John. "Learning in the Zone: A social constructivist framework for distance education in a 3 dimensional virtual world." Interactive Learning Environments Vol 14, No 3 December 2006, 219-232. Web

Hanna, David. Higher Education in an Era of Digital Competition. Atwood Publisher, 2000.

Sherry, L. "Issues in Distance Learning." International Journal of Education Telecommunications 1, (4), 337-365. Web

It is important to recognize the many different areas within adult education, and what type of students these areas attract. Ultimately, for the adult education department to be successful, it must attract a wide variety of students, and keep at least some of those students coming back to continue their education in order to be successful. Adult education serves a vital role in the upper education system, and it serves a diverse amount of people, but in most institutions it also has to support itself if not turn a profit, and that is an important aspect to take into consideration. Therefore, classes must be viable to the institution, but to the student, as well, to keep attracting a wide variety of students into the program.

In addition, diverse students could form a major foundation of the program, and so, it pays to understand these diverse learners so administrators and teaching…

In various trials in which learners were presented with different formats of video- only, auditory-only, combinations of both, and formats combining each with note-taking by students, researchers have determined that results are comparable, although more so for superior students than for average students. In that regard, average students learn better from repeated viewing in conjunction with audio-based information while superior students benefited equally regardless of the precise combination of those variables.

The author presents the results of research documenting the extent to which developers of computer-based video instruction may be overemphasizing the value of technical sophistication and suggests that the relative value of video-based lessons is substantially the same without the inclusion of all the bells and whistles available by virtue of the latest computer-based information formats. On the other hand, the author reports that vocational task-specific training effectiveness is somewhat more dependent on more sophisticated interactive information formats.

Since…

Each institution must have an acceptable use policy for access to all systems including the Internet/World Wide Web. This policy must include provisions for:

protecting the confidentiality of students protecting intellectual property rights, licensing agreements and legal/ethical standards for sharing of resources with other educational entities upholding the integrity of systems, programs and information resources

The duties and responsibilities to carry out this policy are placed upon institutions, IT officials, and instructors (District Technology Plans: Essential Components and E-ate Plan Criteria, n.d.).

The Florida policies do a good job in making sure that each institution has a policy in regards to intellectual property. It deals with protecting the use rights of the systems that are being used in the course of distance learning along with student confidentiality. This is an advantage to both the institution and the individual student. What this policy does not address is how reasonable technological measures…

References

Bruwelheide, Janis H. (2010). TEACH Act Highlights and Resources. Retrieved January 26,

2010, from National Education Association Web site:

http://www.nea.org/home/35377.htm

District Technology Plans: Essential Components and E-Rate Plan Criteria. (n.d.). Retrieved

colostate.edu/guides/research/casestudy/pop2a.cfm.

3. Hispanic, White Communities Forge Ties in Alabama (2003) a UA Center for Public Television and Radi9o Production. Online available at:

4. McDade, Sharon a. (2002) Definition of a Case Study. Faculty Center for Teaching and Learning - North Carolina State. Online available at http://www.ncsu.Edu/fctl/Programs/Instructional- Development/Teaching _Materials / CaseStudies/Materials / Case studyDefintion.pdf# search =%22 CASE%20STUDY % 3A%20DEFINIT ION%20OF %22.

5. UAB Wins $389,000 in Grants to Help Teachers Educate Non-English Speaking Children (200) UAB Media Relations. 27 Nov 200. Online available at http://main.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=46333.

6. English Language Development and Multicultural Education (2005) University of Alabama. Berkeley University Online available at http://crede.berkeley.edu/tools/directory2-/PDF/esl.pdf#search=%22Alabama%3A%20Elementary%20ESL%20SERVICES%22.

7. English as a Second Language (ESL) (2004) Baldwin County Public Schools; Bay Minette, Alabama. Online available at http://www.bcbe.org/Default.asp?DivisionID='824'&DepartmentID='958'.

8. UAB Wins $389,000 in Grants to Help Teachers Educate Non-English Speaking Children (200) UAB Media Relations. 27 Nov 200. Online available at http://main.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=46333.

9. Alabama (2006) KYTESOL Newsletter Vol.…

11. Alabama: Featured Facts (2005) From the SREB Factbook on Higher Education. Online available at  http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:Mb3MWbM-0b4J:www.sreb.org/main/EdData/FactBook/2005StateReports/Alabama05.pdf+Alabama+Hispanic+education&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=6 

12. Alabama Education Policy Primer: Chapter 2 Achievement (2005) Education Foundation - Online available at; http://www.aplusala.org/primer/ch2.asp

Education for Hispanic Students in the Elementary Schools of Alabama

However, the more open and creative classes were more the exception than the rule and mostly we had to endure the conservative" banking" type of education which deprived many of us of any enthusiasm for the subjects that were being taught. This was particularly depressing when the teacher required that we learn by rote and regurgitate facts and data without any critical discussion. I should also state that I often felt that the students were not the only victims or " slaves" and that many of the teachers themselves were obviously felt confined and constrained by the education system and curriculum that they were forced to follow.

On the surface the education system that I attended did promote equal learning opportunities for all with no obvious discrimination in terms of race, class or gender. There was in fact every attempt in the particular institution to stop any sign of prejudice…

As you do this you should distance yourself from career barriers such as apathy, motivation, laziness which we term as personal barriers and those like family pressure such as expectation to run family business, avoidance of career that are below your stature and finally peer pressure.

Now on long-term career planning which involves a window of about five years or more with a wider set of guidelines and of cause preparation. As we all know that thing do change that is right from businesses to career through to workplace and whatever skills you have acquired today may not be of much help in years to come hence in long-term career planning it is a matter of developing core skills that will be always valued by employers (with identifying being your major doing verb).once these is done then your journey goes on, now with exact career examination and recognition that will…

Reference

Randell S. Hanson, Developing a strategic vision for your career, 2008

Tony Jacowski, Overcoming your job limitations and enjoy a rewarding career,2008

Wynelle Burn, Will our level of Education Affect out future,2010

Nearly all failing schools fit this description (Six Secrets of School Success 2000)." If a country is to overcome educational problems, they must take into account the mentality that poverty creates and how that mentality deteriorates the wherewithal to do well in school.

Although poverty is the issue that affects most underachieving schools, the idea of the super head was conceived as the answer to poorly performing schools. According to Marshall (2001), recruiting exceptional headmasters to improve schools was begun with what was once known as the Hammersmith County School (Marshall, 2001). The local authority school was located in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham (Marshall, 2001). The neighboring schools were grant maintained and church schools (Marshall, 2001). The Hammersmith School was being closed because of poor results and OFSTED reports (Marshall, 2001). However, instead of closing the school the administration decided to reopen it and called it the…

References

Education. 2004. Official Site of the Labor Party. retrieved January 15, 2005 from;

 http://www.labour.org.uk/education04/ 

Mixed feelings from 'super heads'. retrieved January 15, 2005 from;  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2132516.stm 

Superheads' call for £120k a year, (2000). retrieved January 15, 2005 from;  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/914516.stm

let us begin by analyzing the Pharisees.

The term itself is derived from a Hebrew word which literally means "separated." Right from the ethimological interpretation we can deduce that the Pharisees were a group of people who saw things differently compared to the majority. This difference was manifested in the religious area, but also in the political area and the social one.

The Second Temple was the period in which the Phariseean philosophy flourished. It is worth underlining that it is this very philosophy and religious thought that put the basis of the contemporary forms of Judaism.

During the reign of the king Antiochus Epiphanes in which numerous pressures were being made in order to impose the Hellenistic culture and polytheist religion, an anti-Hellenistic Jewish movement was created in order to defend the traditional views.

This movement was called the Hasidim and the Pharisees are one of the group's successors.…

Bibliography:

Blank, Wayne. Who ere the Pharisees? From the Daily Bible Study. Retrieved May 6, 2009 from http://www.keyway.ca/htm2002/pharisee.htm

Dolphin, Lambert. Second Temple Times. Retrieved May 6,2009 from  http://www.templemount.org/secondtmp.html 

Essenes. Retrieved May 5, 2009 from http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/e/essenes.html

Essenes. From The catholic encyclopaedia. Retrieved May 5, 2009 from  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05546a.htm

These actions made it difficult to concentrate on her opening words. Furthermore, she appeared too nervous to make eye contact with any of the delegates present.

The above-mentioned actions made it difficult to be positive towards the presenter, her presentation, or the subject matter itself. While the subject matter itself is worthy, the manner in which it was presented was not. The apparent nervousness of the presenter was the most deterring factor. Furthermore, the presentation could benefit from a stronger opening. The presentation was for example not in any way either unusual or striking. Perhaps it would have been better if a person less given to nervous attacks and of greater talent in speaking were to handle the opening. This would have set the stage for a better general content in the presentation as a whole. The presenter was in effect not bad, but there were certain deterring factors that…

Another recent change is that more studies are being completed about learning and how students learn in distance education, in an attempt to mold courses and course development into something that is even more appropriate for distance learners. These studies are giving a greater understanding of how distance learners actually learn, and how they perceive their learning experience, all of which can lead to more relevant classes.

Distance learning has become more acceptable, more institutions offer it, and more students are taking advantage of it than ever before. More schools are partnering together into consortiums to offer blocks of distance learning courses, and there are other developments, including online counseling and other guidance that can allow students to complete their entire degree programs without setting foot on campus. These and many other elements of distance education have changed in the past few years, and it is clear that trend will…

References

Jung. I. (2001). Building a theoretical framework of web-based instruction in the context of distance education. British Journal of Educational Technology. Vol. 32, No. 5. 525-534.

Moore, M. (1973) Toward a theory of independent learning and teaching. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 44, No. 9. 661-680.

Moore, M. (1991). Distance education theory. American Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 5, No. 3. 1-6.

Moore, M. And Kearsley, G. (2005). The theory and scholarship of distance education. Distance education: A system view. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Distance Education and How to Do them While Achieving My Goal

Many believe that education is the most important treasure that can never be stolen from anyone. I myself am among those who believe in this principle. As evidence, despite of the cost of distance education, I am willing to face the challenges that I must bear just to achieve my goal of completing further education.

Aside from the challenges in balancing work responsibilities, studying, and time for family and personal life, I am aware of the challenges that I have to take to cover the cost of distance education. One of these challenges is to work harder than I do now. I know that I may need to obtain a second job, or even a third job, to be able to earn more to support the cost of distance education. I am also aware that I may need to…

auditoy leanes), motivation and pesonality such as extovesion vs. intovesion, although the aticles' authos suggests that tailoing mateial to expessed leane pefeences ae not always the best ways to achieve positive outcomes. Leanes ae not always clea as to thei tue leaning oientation and leane styles ae not 'fixed' but may vay accoding to the type of media used and the subject mateial. Using a vaiety of media may be a moe effective appoach fo educatos, and thinking in tems of 'appoaches' that can change, athe than fixed student leaning styles.

One fequent fustation expessed by online instuctos is the absence of immediate feedback fom thei students. Undestanding individual students can help the teache modify instuction, even without the immediate esponse povided by eye contact in the classoom. It is essential that moments exist within the online pocess when students can communicate that they do not undestand, while in the…

references alone but must keep a real-world and virtual ear upon the students to shift his or her learning strategy. Understanding overall learning process required of the subject material and the need to modify the learning approaches to meet the unique demands of the instruction in its particular venue and format is essential. Simply knowing a learning 'style' of a student is not enough, and a label can be misleading. As more students must learn independently, greater knowledge of how the learner functions and the use of different settings are required, and the article calls for more extensive into how to create a more effective learning environment that uses a diversity of approaches to convey content.

An interesting point they bring up is the circumvention of cheating by having another person complete your coursework:

In the future we may be able to remotely identify individuals using devices that scan finger, voice, or eye-prints technology, which is already in use for security applications, but at present this seems a rather extreme measure. (Moore & Kearsley)

This also introduces the problem of plagiarism that has seeming run rampant in both online and traditional brick and mortar education. "Plagiarism is a particular worry for educators in the online environment because materials can be so easy located in captured electronically that the line between legitimate research and plagiarism is sometimes not easy for students to recognize." (Moore & Kearsley) However, anti-plagiarism efforts have increased tremendously over the past several years, both in distance learning as well as traditional education. Web sites like TurnItIn.com and others have greatly improved the search…

The camera that is used at Troy, which is made by Massachusetts-based Software Secure, eventually could monitor all of Troy University's distance learners. And while some might see this kind of test monitoring as intrusive, the new higher-education law could make such devices commonplace in online learning programs nationwide. Legislation necessitating greater accountability for distance-education programs has been in lawmakers' sights for several years. And college officials haven't been surprised with the legislation that has been unveiled. While online programs should solidify their test-verification policies, cutting-edge technology could face fierce opposition among students and university faculty (Carter, 2008).

There has been a lot of concern that has come along with the new monitoring technology. People often feel like these systems are rather intrusive, and they raise questions of privacy. Each institution is going to have different ways of dealing with this issue. Most institutions feel that since students pay their…

References

ACE Analysis of Higher Education Act Reauthorization. (2008). Retrieved January 19, 2010,

from American Council on Education Web site:  http://www.acenet.edu/e-newsletters/p2p/ACE_HEA_analysis_818.pdf 

Blackboard Launches Solution for Enhanced Student Identity Verification. (2009). Retrieved

January 19, 2010, from Blackboard Web site:

Thus, by allowing more and more people access to education, and providing an environment in which more can succeed, highly industrialized forms of distance education help remove discrimination biases and barriers to education. Furthermore, highly industrialized forms of distance education increase objectivity, which "decreases the authoritative relationship between teacher and learner" (Example 1, Advantages: Point 7). Thus, highly industrialized forms of distance education also lead to larger strides in equality. In addition to allowing others' greater access to education, highly industrialized forms of education also allow for improvements in the material presented. In fact, these types of programs present "high quality" and time sensitive material (Example 1, Advantages, Point 2).

In addition to these advantages, highly industrialized forms of distance education are also wrought with disadvantages. For example, a lack of flexibility in distance education may take away from the learning process (Example 1, Disadvantages, Point 1). This suggests that…

Online questions that are used in discussions that take place over the Internet have to be worded in just the right way, or they will not be appropriate for the students - and misunderstandings could occur. In other words, communicating online through discussion questions is not the same as communicating in a regular classroom where clarification can take place quite easily (Moody, 2004). Because of that, best practices indicate that any discussion questions that are created for online use should be more simplistic than questions that might be asked in the classroom. If one starts out small and simple with the discussion questions, it is easier to avoid misunderstandings. At that point, once the question has been asked and answered, the instructor can move on to asking follow-up questions, because a strong basis for understanding would have already been established (Addison, 2000).

By creating follow up questions, an online faculty…

References

Addison, J. (2000). Outsourcing Education, Managing Knowledge, and Strengthening Academic Communities. In Werry & Mowbray Online Communities: Commerce Community Action, and the Virtual University (175-194). New York: Prentice Hall.

Moody, J. (2004). Distance education: Why are the attrition rates so high? The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 5(3), 205-210.

Online social networks can indeed make an impact on political education by bringing a balance of power and by encouraging vigorous debate. rookfield (2005) disagrees with this idea stating, "efore students can engage critically with ideas and actions they may need a period of assimilation and grounding in a subject area or skill set. Lecturing may be a very effective way of ensuring this." Certainly, as rookfield suggests, students need a foundation to argue their positions effectively and to understand the validity of others' arguments. However, rookfield fails to understand that distance learning is capable of facilitating this groundwork plus adding a transformative social network layer for more meaningful exploratory dialogue than may be available in some traditional classrooms.

ibliography

rookfield, S. (2005, May 1). The getting of wisdom: What critically reflective teaching is and why it's important. Retrieved from National St. Louis University: http://www.nl.edu/academics/cas/ace/facultypapers/Stephenrookfield_Wisdom.cfm

Economist debate series. (2008). Retrieved…

Bibliography

Brookfield, S. (2005, May 1). The getting of wisdom: What critically reflective teaching is and why it's important. Retrieved from National St. Louis University:  http://www.nl.edu/academics/cas/ace/facultypapers/StephenBrookfield_Wisdom.cfm 

Economist debate series. (2008). Retrieved from Economist.com:  http://www.economist.com/debate/index.cfm?action=email&eid=1&debate_id=3

d.).

Online distance learning is completely different environment from that of a traditional classroom. There are different rules and regulations that must be adhered to. Class discussion often takes place via a bulletin board and more often than not also serves as a way of taking attendance. Students should expect to spend between two and three hours per credit hours per course studying every week. This is a completely different learning style that involves no face-to-face contact and often takes away from human aspect of learning. Distance learning is not for everyone, but for those who have the self-discipline to be successful it can open an entire set of new opportunities to get an education. Those who partake in this type of learning often find that they like the freedom that it gives them to get an education without having to be tied down to a traditional learning environment.

eferences…

References

Benefits of Distance Learning. (2009). Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Web site:

 http://fcit.usf.edu/DISTANCE/chap3.htm 

Fairfax, BJ. (2010). Distance Education Gains Popularity. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Online-Education Web site:  http://www.online-education.net/articles/general/distance-education.html 

Larson, Ryan. (2005). Limitations of Distance Learning. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Explore Online Degrees Web site: http://www.exploreonlinedegrees.com/limitations-of-distance-learning.html

However, because distance learning provides written records of student-teacher communication, it provides teachers with an easier way to track student participation, so that teachers can initiate contact with students who appear to be struggling.

In addition to taking away from individual time with the instructor, the large class environment of many traditional institutions of higher education demonstrates that traditional colleges are focused on socialization, not simply education. There is absolutely nothing wrong with the college socialization process; in fact, it makes sense when one considers the typical age of beginning college students and their positions in life. However, for students who have established careers, family lives, and outside responsibilities, the heavy social influence of traditional colleges can be distracting. In addition, the focus on socialization can be alienating for students who do not fit into the "norm;" whether because of appearance, race, culture, sexuality, or disability. Distance learning opportunities take…

Also, as independent distance educators, these highly successful distance professors will be able to offer their services to a wider range of students.

The wider range of students could expand globally, taking advantage of the emerging global community. The educator's fears that the cultural limitations of a student receiving distance learning in a setting that is not traditional, and the concern as to the communication problems arising out of that setting, are, again, based in fear of the unknown. The educator, whose reputation for success and achieving outstanding performance with students on a distance learning course, should put aside fears of communication gaps, because it will be incumbent upon the student to resolve those problems, and the centers through which the distance taught course is offered will be ultimately responsible for working with the student to resolve any communication problems.

It is also important to understand that distant programs that…

Structuring Your Message

Benefits of distance learning from a student's perspective

The duration of e-learning should be justified from the duration of stay expected in the organization

a) the education may be directly related to the information required

b) the education must be specific for the situation that is to be faced

c) the education must set a standard of learning which is to be uniform for all the individuals going through the course

The education has to be provided in a manner that is easy for the students

The education should also be beneficial to the person providing the information so that it will continue.

The use of e-learning is for various purposes, but what is being discussed here is about e-learning that is provided for commercial purposes. This system has been found to be useful for employers and has the possibility to evolve into a major method for…

REFERENCES

"Formulas for Quantifying the Value of a Training-Technology Investment" Retrieved from  http://www.workforce.com/archive/article/22/13/78.php  Accessed 10 August, 2005

Herman, Roger. E. (November, 2000) "Liberal Arts: The Key to the Future" USA Today:

(Society for the Advancement of Education) Retrieved from  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1272/is_2666_129/ai_67328802  Accessed 10 August, 2005

'Humor in Practice - Presenting Powerful Presentations" (August, 2001) Retrieved from  http://www.funsulting.com/h_august_2001_newsletter.html  Accessed 10 August, 2005

Policy Issues in Education Settings AB

Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities (APLU). (2010). "A-P-L-U-Sloan National Commission on Online Learning"

Retrieved from: http://www.aplu.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=311

"The A-P-L-U-Sloan National Commission on Online Learning was formed in May 2007 to engage the A-P-L-U Presidents and Chancellors in a discussion about the utility of online education as a means to achieve broader institutional priorities, such as diversity, retention, internationalization and accountability." This resource specifically examines the policy and infrastructural issues dealt with by four-year colleges and universities experimenting with online learning and/or hybrid courses. The longitudinal study is meant to offer comprehensive data about the specific challenges of integrating online learning into traditional college experiences.

C.J. Bonk, The Perfect E-Storm: Emerging Technologies, Enhanced Pedagogy, Enormous Learner Demand, and Erased Budgets (London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education, 2004)

This is a comprehensive publication reviewing the infrastructural challenges, including policy concerns, effecting colleges who integrate e-learning…

The study found that while the students sought out information from a variety of sources, the sources they found most valuable were parents, friends, teachers, and school counselors. Students in upper grades (11th & 12th) were more likely than students in lower grades to seek out information, and upper level students were more likely to find school counselors, college resource materials, campus visits, and college representatives as most helpful, compared with lower grade students (9th & 10th) who reported that parents, relatives, or siblings were most helpful. There are several implications of this study for colleges and universities. First of all, as school counselors were cited as an important resource for information, colleges need to work with counselors to make sure they have up-to-date information. Griffin et al. (2010) explain that "erroneous information can lead to unrealistic expectations that may cause students to select goals and take actions that can…

References:

Griffin, D., Hutchins, B.C., & Meece, J.L. (2011). Where do rural high school students go to find information about their futures?. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(2), 172-181. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Hahn, A.,, Coonerty, C. & Peaslee, L. (2003) Colleges and universities as economic anchors: Profiles of promising practices. Retrieved from  http://www.compact.org/advancedtoolkit/pdf/HAHN_FINAL_PAPER.pdf 

Hardy, D.E., & Katsinas, S.G. (2007). Classifying community colleges: How rural community colleges fit. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2007(137), 5-17. doi:10.1002/cc.265

Ludlow, B.L., & Duff, M.C. (2009). Evolution of distance education at West Virginia university: Past accomplishments, present activities, and future plans. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 28(3), 9-17. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

E-Learning_How Technology effects education

The internet allows for more information to be spread at a lower cost

The internet allows for constant communication between teachers and students

The internet allows for greater convenience of study and more engaging lessons

Spreading information at low cost

Textbooks cost more than publishing text on the internet

The internet provides cost-effective publishing options for educational materials

Bates, 2005, p. 8 citation

Classrooms cost more to maintain than web hosting

Constant communication

Today's world is defined by an ability and expectation to be constantly available

Development of the internet and smart phones influences today's constantly connected culture

i. Mealy, Loller (Eds.), 2000, p. 233 citation

IV. Greater convenience

A. Students can learn on their own schedule at a location of their choosing

B. Students can engage in multimedia lesson presentation, thus engaging their interests

a. By providing easily-accessed multimedia integration, students do not find their…

References

Bates, T. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

E-learning in tertiary education: where do we stand?. (2005). Paris: OECD.

Kwan, R. (2008). Enhancing learning through technology: research on emerging technologies and pedagogies. Singapore: World Scientific.

Mealy, L., & Loller, B. (Eds.). (2000). E-learning: expanding the training classroom through

Technology in Education

Assessing Three Emerging Technologies' Contribution to Learning

There are a myriad of new technologies emerging that have the potential to completely re-order and increase the level of learning effectiveness and performance of students. With so many new technologies emerging as diverse as mobile-based learning systems on smartphones to the ability to tailor online learning systems and complete networks, the opportunities for educators to innovate has never been more full of potential. What unifies the highest performing technologies in the area of learner involvement and performance are those that allow for students to define the pace, depth and repetition possible for a given subject. All of these technologies share a common characteristic of being able to align and support learner's specific goals and objectives, creating a highly effective educational scaffolding platform in the process (Najjar, 2008). The best technologies can be quickly tailored to each individual student's needs,…

References

Bernoff, J., & Li, C. (2008). Harnessing the power of the oh-so-social web. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(3), 36-42.

Custin, R., & Barkacs, L. (2010). Developing sustainable learning communities through blogging. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 4, 1-8.

Downes, S. (2004). Educational blogging. EDUCAUSE Review, 39(5), 14-26.

Fontana, A. (2011). Making an app. EDUCAUSE Review, 46(6), 108.

NPSAS was the only study in 1996 that encompassed the people who enrolled in the for-profit institutions which is why not even the very basic criteria of the for-profit sector and its educational setup has been well-recognized (reneman, Pusser and Turner 2000; Chung, 2006).

The confirmation that the students who had some sort of shortcoming whether in the financial sector, minority aspect or admittance-timeline factor were the ones who mainly enrolled in the for-profit educational institution was made by Apling and Aleman in a study they conducted in 1990, and Lee and Merisotis in a study they conducted in the same year which were also then matched by Phipps et al. (2000) and JL Associates (2004).

Grubb was the only researcher who, in the year 1993, explored and assessed the influence and affect of the concept of the industrial market proceeds in relation to the non-profit institutions and education. He…

Bibliography

Altheide, D.L., & Johnson, J.M. (1994). Criteria for assessing interpretive validity in qualitative research. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 485-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Apling, R. & Aleman, S. (1990). Proprietary schools: a description of institutions and students. (Report No, 90-428EPW). Washington, DC.: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service.

Apling, R. (1993). Proprietary schools and their students. Journal of Higher Education 64:4, pp. 379-416.

Barone, T.E. (1992). Beyond theory and method: A case of critical storytelling. Theory into Practice, 31(2), 142-146.

Learning Objectives for Adult Education

Managing and Exploiting the Impact of Classroom Diversity in Adult Arts Education

As the American population becomes increasingly diverse, so goes classroom diversity (Cooper, 2012). By the end of the current decade, a White majority will no longer exist among the 18 and under age group. This rapid progression towards a plurality has already impacted primary schools, but the trend toward increasing diversity is beginning to affect adult education classrooms as well. If educators simply ignore this trend, not only will the academic success of students be harmed, but also the professional skills of educators. The solution, according to Brookfield (1995), is not the adoption of an innocent or naive attitude towards the diverse needs and abilities of racially and ethnically diverse students, but to engage in a process of critical self-reflection. Such a process would help educators uncover their own hidden motives and intentions,…

References

Berry, J.W. (1971). Ecological and cultural factors in spatial perceptual development. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 3(4), 324-36.

Brookfield, S.D. (1995). Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Brookfield, S.D. (2012). Teaching for critical thinking: Tools and techniques for helping students question their assumptions (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Brookfield, S.D. (2013). Powerful techniques for teaching adults. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishing.

" The digital divide, which is known to affect many nations in the developing world, is due to: "(1) inadequate funding; (2) a lack of necessary computer and Internet skills; and (3) a lack of English-language proficiency." (rooks, Donovan and Rumble, 2006) According to rooks Donovan, and Rumble "Aggregated full-text databases serve as a prominent tool in closing the digital divide because they provide important research sources." (2006)

Summary of Literature Reviewed

Web-based education holds great promise for those in rural areas and those in developing nations in gaining educational advancement. Education through means of telecommunication technologies opens the door to many individuals and countries previously effectively barred from educational advancement.

ibliography

Lin, Ching; Chung, Ru-Ya; and Chen, Ya-Ping (2006) Relationships among Learner Characteristics, Motivation and Achievement in Web-based Instruction Journal of Educational Media and Library Sciences Vol., No. 4 Pages 413-433. Online available at http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/en/jemls/200600430004/0413.htm.

rooks, Sam; Donovan, Paul;…

Brivkalns, Karlis; Janbicka, Aija; and Slaidins, Ilmars (1999) Distance Training in Information Literacy for Students of Telematics. European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics. Ninth DELOS Workshop on Digital Libraries for Distance Learning, Brno, Czech Republic, 15-17, April 1999. Online available at  http://www.ercim.org/publication/ws-proceedings/DELOS9/Pap13.html .

Baker, Bob; Harvell, Tina; and Yuan, Zhongyi (2006) a Collaborative Class Investigation in to Telecommunications in Education. Chapter One. Teaching Via Telecommunications. Online available at http://disted.tamu.edu/chapter1.htm.

Telecommunication in Education: Instructional Technology

Elementary Special Education Teachers Place Value in the use of Technology Resources for Students?

Technology is an integral part of society. People share and communicate ideas using emails, Skype, and public/private forums. For numerous organizations and businesses technology is a must to increase productivity. This is why schools have begun the process of creating an environment that immerses staff and students in technology, with school administrators taking on the technological transition (Garland & Tadeja, 2013). Technology investment within schools not only enables varied learning opportunities for students, but it also helps students discover or improve their own ability to research and analyze information, collaborate and communicate, and solve problems (Lim, Zhao, Tondeur, Chai, & Tsai, 2013). Comment by Tarae Terry: Citation? How do we know this is true? Who is the source-Also the opening/introduction needs to be a little bit stronger an attention grabber. Introducing the issue up front is…