Eye in the Sky presents a bleak portrait of drone technology and calls into question the norms of global counterterrorism and warfare. Technological tools of surveillance allow for targeted operations, aimed at known terrorists. These tools entrench existing hegemonies of power. However much drones are celebrated for reducing the numbers of casualties in counterterrorism units while simultaneously targeting top terrorism suspects, the effects of the drone strikes can be devastating on the local innocents, the civilians caught in the drone fire, and may even have some detrimental long-term effects such as increased acts of terror or reduction of the credibility of counterterrorism.
Public attitudes towards the use of drones vary considerably. In the United States, attitudes toward the use of drone strikes as a counterterrorism tactic "is moved more by legal principles than by military effectiveness," (Kreps and Wallace). Given the ways drones can be reframed as legally problematic, and given…...

Terrorist Targets and DronesDrone strikes have often resulted in civilian casualties, which raises questions about the legality of such actions under international lawbut there is also the risk that the United States will become too reliant on drones and other forms of military force, rather than addressing the root causes of terrorism. For both of these reasons, I believe that the killing of terrorist targets using drones by the US is not a justified legal and/or moral tactic to combat terrorism in the world.From a legal standpoint, the US governments authority to kill terrorist targets using drones is far from clear. The US Constitution does not explicitly grant the president the power to order such strikes, and international law is similarly vague on the issue, other there may be valid occasions for drone strike usagesuch as when the US is invited by a country to intervene for the sake of…...

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ReferencesBreau, S., & Aronsson, M. (2012). Drone attacks, international law, and the recording of civilian casualties of armed conflict. Suffolk Transnat\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'l L. Rev., 35, 255.Delahunty, R. J., & Yoo, J. C. (2001). The President\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Constitutional Authority to Conduct Military Operations Against Terrorist Organizations and the Nations that Harbor or Support Them. Harv. JL & Pub. Pol\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'y, 25, 487.Democracy Now! (2013). Why Did the United States Kill a Denver-Born Teenager with a Drone Strike in Yemen? YouTube. Retrieved from   C., Akande, D., Hill-Cawthorne, L., & Chengeta, T. (2016). The international law framework regulating the use of armed drones. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 65(4), 791-827.New American Foundation. (2015). Drone strikes: cause or effect. Retrieved from  https://www.newamerica.org/international-security/in-the-news/drone-strikes-cause-or-effect/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21XhdpHOjRY Heyns,

Political Issues Based on the Film "Eye in The Sky" In Which Government Attitude, Which Decides Who Lives and Who Dies for The Cause of The Nation Is Examined
The film "Eye in the Sky" is somewhat a literal depiction of war fare between the drones. This is a flagrantly contrived film that examines the ethics of using remote control to kill. The subject was dramatized a year ago in Andrew Niccol's film "Good Kill." In this film, there is a simplistic device of the little girl in which it is made clear that the new ones have no chance of winning hearts. The debate is getting awful to change any mind; even though, there is no attempt to try and change the mind. That is where its strength lies. In the film "Eye in the Sky" the case is argued on all fronts: the merits and the perils of the…...

U.S. intelligence refers to some of the most formidable and top intelligence available in the world. The United States has long led the way in the practice of gathering the most up-to -- the minute and esoteric intelligence regarding the actions of other countries, other armies and the other enemies. The current modern age has demonstrated the steady advancement in this regard of a range of sound technological tools which America has harnessed consistently for the effective pursuit of the most current and hard to gather intelligence.
Drones

The use of combat drones has been something that America has long used to gather intelligence and to engage in warfare with enemies or suspected enemies. However, in the last 12 months, the usage of drones has steadily decreased. "The number of drone strikes approved by the Obama administration on suspected terrorists has fallen dramatically this year, as the war with al Qaeda increasingly…...

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References

Aljazeera.com. (2013, October). U.S. 'drone strike' kills senior Shabab members. Retrieved from aljazeera.com:  http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/10/drone-strike-kills-senior-shabab-members-20131028184651994308.html 

BBC. (2013, October). Pakistan says drones killed 67 civilians since 2008. Retrieved from BBC.co.uk:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-24742037 

FAS.org. (n.d.). Military Intelligence Satellites. Retrieved from Fas.org:  https://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Intro/Part2_26e.html 

Galbraith, P. (2013, October). NSA spying on Europe gives the U.S. more intelligence, but not better. Retrieved from Theguardian.com:  http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/29/nsa-spying-europe-us-intelligence

ar in Afghanistan
After the terrorist group al Qaeda attacked the United States on September 11, 2001, the American military was sent to Afghanistan to attack the Taliban, and destroy their governing position. The Taliban became the target of the U.S. because they had allowed Osama bin Laden to use their country as a training ground for terrorist activities directed against the United States. However, the U.S. is now bogged down in what seems to be an unwinnable war against Taliban insurgents that cross the border from Pakistan. Moreover, there are militants in Afghanistan who object to foreign troops being in their country, and they have apparently joined with the insurgents and continue fighting the American and NATO forces in Afghanistan. This paper reviews the historical and contemporary causes of the war in Afghanistan, and critiques the positive outcomes as well as the negative outcomes of the U.S. engagement in Afghanistan.

How…...

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Works Cited

Associated Press. (2011). Suicide Bombers Kill Worshippers In Afghanistan. Retrieved November, 2011, from  http://www.npr.com .

This is an article that brought to light the ongoing violence in Afghanistan, in specifics the proverbial suicide bomber situation, where an radical Islamic terrorist is willing to blow himself up in order to kill others. In this case the people killed with fellow Muslims -- worse yet, he killed people exiting a mosque following their worship services -- but clearly the message to the world was this: the NATO and U.S. presence in Afghanistan will never stop terrorists from doing whatever they want to do whenever they wish to do it.

Baktash, Hashmat, and Magnier, Mark. (2011). Suicide bombing in Kabul kills as many as 13

Americans. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 19, 2011, from  http://www.latimes.com

Or, as Saletan points out, those three elements "by deduction, are the due process test" (2011).
But this ought to leave a bad taste in one's mouth because all three of these elements can be manipulated to violate one's due process right.

"hich leaves us with an awkward bottom line. If the target is a suspected terrorist, "imminence" can be redefined to justify killing him. If the weapon is a drone, feasibility of arrest has already been ruled out -- that's why the drone has been sent to do the job. So in any drone strike on a U.S. citizen suspected of terrorism, only one of the three questions we supposedly apply to such cases is really open: Has he been fighting alongside al-Qaida? If he has, we can kill him. That's the same rule we apply to foreigners. In effect, citizenship doesn't matter. The "due process" test is empty" (Saletan…...

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Works Cited

Cornell University Law School. (n.d). Bill of Rights from Cornell University Law

School. Retrieved from:

 http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html#amendmentv .

Lithwick, D. (2011, July 14). Murder Conviction Most Foul: What Justin Wolfe's case in Virginia tells us about death row cases everywhere. Slate.com. Retrieved from  http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2011/07/murder_c

Finally, torture is the best means to try to get this information from the suspect (McCoy, 2006). Taken as a whole, these circumstances are so unlikely to occur that, even if the ticking bomb scenario would justify the use of torture, it has not ever occurred and, therefore, cannot be used to justify torture.
In fact, what many people who advocate in favor of torture fail to acknowledge is that while torture may be guaranteed to elicit information from even the most reticent of subjects, there is no reason to believe that torture will elicit truthful information. The theory behind torture is that, with the application of sufficient pain and fear, people will talk, and that does appear to be true in the vast majority of cases. However, it is more important to wonder what they will say than whether they will talk. In the non-terrorist scenario, "About 25% of…...

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References

Armbruster, B. (2011, October 3). Obama's successful counterterror strategy. Retrieved March 21, 2012 from Think Progress website:   -successful-counterterror-strategy/http://thinkprogress.org/progress-report/obamas 

Bufacchi, V., & Arrigo, J.M. (2006). Torture, terrorism, and the state: A refutation of the Ticking-Bomb argument. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 23(3), 355-373.

Gathii, J. (2004). Torture, extra-territoriality, terrorism, and international law. Albany Law

Review, 67, 101-138. Retrieved March 19, 2012 from:

Covert Action
The President of the United States is responsible for the protection of the American people and in order to accomplish this objective the President, in his official capacity, is both the leading diplomat as well as the Commander in Chief of the armed forces. With this power he has the obligation to create a foreign policy that protects the interests of the nation and defends the people of the United States. Presidents therefore possess a number of tools which can be utilized in order to accomplish these goals including political, economic, and even military ones. Within the list of potential actions that a president can take to accomplish an effective foreign policy lies one which everyone recognizes as necessary, and therefore uses, but nobody likes to admit they are doing so: Covert Action. But while presidential use of covert action in defense of the United States can become a…...

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References

Best, Richard. (1996). Covert Action: An Effective Instrument of U.S. Foreign Policy?

Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from  http://congressionalresearch.com/96-844/document.php 

"Executive Order 12333 United States Intelligence Activities." (4 Dec. 1981). National

Archives. Retrieved from  http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12333.html#3.4

Fort Hood Shooting
On November 5, 2009 at Fort Hood, a military base close to the city of Killeen Texas, a U.S. Army major and psychiatrist opened fire on the people. Thirteen people were murdered and thirty-two other people were injured (Kenber 2013). One of the victims was pregnant and the baby was lost when she died, so some put the figure of murder victims at fourteen. Nidal Malik Hasan has since been convicted of those shootings and has been sentenced to death by a military court. Hasan has never denied being the killer, nor has he wavered in the explanation of his motives behind the actions. He has stated repeatedly that he is a Muslim and that the United States is at war with Islam. His actions, he claims, are a direct result of his Muslim extremism. Hasan was due to be shipped to Afghanistan where he would have had…...

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Works Cited

Crabtree, S. (2012, Oct. 22). Pentagon will not label Fort Hood shootings as terrorist attack. The Washington Times.

Definitions of terrorism in the U.S. code. (2013). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved from  http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/terrorism/terrorism-definition 

Esposito, R., Abraham, M., & Schwartz, R. (2009, Nov. 12). Major Hasan: soldier of Allah; many ties to jihad web sites. ABC News.

Hsu, S.S., & Johnson, C. (2009, Nov. 8). Links to imam followed in Fort Hood investigation.

Chomsky Lectures
Do you feel that this play should be viewed as a lecture, or a piece of literature? Use evidence from the text to support your conclusion. (4 marks)

Brooks and Verdecchia are so self-aware that their piece might be viewed as a lecture rather than a work of art that it would seem churlish not to regard it as a work of art. It's certainly more artfully done than most of Hollywood's product nowadays. The device of the "artstick" which is employed any time the piece threatens to become more of a screed than a good night out is just such a device that works well. Any event which features lecturers squirting their audience with water pistols and pelting them with wadded-up paper is certainly more than just a lecture. Moreover Brooks and Verdecchia fit into an established tradition of political theater, such that their piece can be read on…...

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2. What are the ten ways that media tries to manufacture our consent in the play, and give an example of how each of them work, which is not given in the play? (20 marks)

Brooks and Verdecchia list the following ten ways in which the media tries to manufacture consent: "Choice of Topic," "Placement," "Ideological Assumptions," "Blind Stupidity," "Biased Sources," "Quoting out of Context," "The Memory Hole," "Captions and Headlines," "Doublespeak," and "Weight."

"Choice of Topic" is simple: rather than reporting on, say, the legality of a drone strike to kill a U.S. citizen, instead the media will focus on Anwar Al-Awlaki's ties to radical Islam. The legality of a government-ordered assassination of an individual without due process of law immediately takes a backseat to the details about that individual which make it seem like it was a good idea to kill him. "Placement" has to do with establishing a sense of importance without any change in content -- the capture of PFC Jessica Lynch in 2003 by Saddam Hussein's forces is a "front page" story, the death of thousands of Iraqi civilians gets less emphatic placement. "Ideological assumptions" have to do with the media taking advantage of the assumptions that the reader will make: Osama bin Laden is assumed to be a moral monster for having perpetrated 9/11, as a result the question of whether or not his "targeted killing" was lawful

Comparative Analysis of Counter-Terrorism Strategies: USA and IsraelIntroductionThe United States and Israel are two prominent global actors that have had to combat domestic and international terrorism throughout their histories, which has resulted in the development of counter-terrorism strategies. Due to their differences, the two nations approaches are unique. The U.S. is a large, multicultural federation with global interests and military involvement around the world; Israel is a small, somewhat homogeneous nation-state with distinct regional concerns. Yet, both nations share a strategic partnership, collaborating on security, defense, and intelligence matters. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the two states counter-terrorism strategies.Threat EnvironmentThe United States is a global superpower with wide-ranging interests and influence, faces a diverse set of threats from extremist groups around the world. International terrorist organizations such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda have targeted the U.S. as a symbol of Western power and influence that they oppose. ISIS emerged…...

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ReferencesFarag, W. Z. (2020). American security strategy towards terrorism after September 11 attacks. Review of Economics and Political Science, 5(4), 323-333.Ganor, B. (2021). Israel\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Counterterrorism Strategy: Origins to the Present. Columbia University Press.Okeke, F. O., & Chendo, I. G. (2019, November). Resilient architecture; a design approach to counter terrorism in building for safety of occupants. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 640, No. 1, p. 012003). IOP Publishing.Romaniuk, P. (2010). Multilateral counter-terrorism: the global politics of cooperation and contestation. Routledge.

Country: IranGeographical Location and the Physical EnvironmentThe Islamic epublic of Iran is situated in the Middle East. It covers 1, 48,195 km2. Iraq shares its border with Iran on a stretch of 1 458 Km. Iran shares its shortest border with Armenia. On the Armenian side, Iran shares a stretch of only 22 kilometers. The country is endowed with three water bodies, which it shares with other states too. These water bodies are the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Oman Gulf. The country is also endowed with many mountains and hills (Afary, 2021). The Zagros Mountains are the major mountain thread sprawling its western stretch. These mountains have peaks of up to 3000 meters above sea level. The highest peak is on Mt. Damavand. It is elevated at 18,403 feet above sea level. It is also known to be Asias highest volcanic mountain.Iran hosts two huge salt deserts…...

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ReferencesAfary, J. (2021, March 14). Iran. Britannica. Retrieved from   R. P., &Sadjadpour, K. (2017). Iran in Transition: The Implications of the Islamic Republic’s Changing Demographics. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Commisceo Global Consulting Ltd. (2020, January 1) Afghanistan - Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette. Retrieved from  https://commisceo-global.com/resources/country-guides/afghanistan-guide Coville, T. (2020). The Family Business in Iran since the Islamic Revolution as a Mode of Coordination. Iranian Studies, 1-22.Export Enterprises SA. (2021, March). Iran: Economic and Political Overview. Mauritius Trade Easy. Retrieved from http://www.mauritiustrade.mu/en/market-survey/iran/economic-and-political-outlineIran watch, (2020, October 21). Why Companies Around the World are Reversing Course on Iran Business. Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control. Retrieved from https://www.iranwatch.org/our-publications/policy-briefs/how-companies-around-world-are-reversing-course-iran-businessKhatami, B., Salimi, M. &Massihi, N. (2020). Doing Business In Iran. Sabeti& Khatami. Retrieved from  https://www.legal500.com/doing-business-in/iran/ Neil, (2016). Cross-Cultural Tips for Doing Business in Iran. Commisceo Global Consulting Ltd. Retrieved from  https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/cross-cultural-tips-for-doing-business-in-iran Roudi-Fahimi, F., &Moghadam, V. M. (2006). Empowering women, developing society: Female education in the Middle East and North Africa. Al-Raida Journal, 4-11.Spivack, M. (2016, May 5). What to Know About Doing Business in Iran. Harvard Business Review. https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran Cincotta,

Control and the Media
The media is an incredibly powerful force which has the ability to manipulate the minds and hearts of the American people. This type of "mind control" which is employed by news organizations in the United States is nothing less than propaganda.

Noam Chomsky writes that, "propaganda is to a democracy what violence is to a dictatorship." Indeed, nowhere is this more clear than in recent debates over the impending war with Iraq. On one side of the fence, the conservative Right argues that war is essential and that Iraq is in league with Al Qaeda. They argue that Saddam Hussein is developing weapons of mass destruction which he would like to unleash on the free world. On the other side of the fence, the liberal Left argues that such a preemptive war is "unjust," and that there is no definitive proof that Hussein was ever in league…...

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Bibliography

Corn, David. "Bush's Irrelevant Case for War." The Nation. 7 March 2003.  http://thenation.com/capitolgames/index.mhtml?bid=3&pid=468 

Price, Niko. "Iraqis Reject Deadly Drone Claim by U.S." The Village Voice. 12 March 2003.  http://apnews.myway.com/article/20030312/D7PNJ4D80.html 

Chandrasekaran, Rajiv. "Iraqi Officals Proudly Exhibit a Disputed, Dinged-Up Drone." The Washington Post. 13 March 2003.  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17650-2003Mar12.html 

Associated Press. "Powell Decries New Iraq Weapon Discovery." U.S.A. Today. 13 March 2003.  http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2003-03-10-us-iraq_x.htm

President's Address
The counter-terrorism speech given by president Obama came with a couple of messages. His first address touched on the restrictive policy strikes using drones; of course this was not new or restrictive according to prior experience. His second focus was directed at the need to close down Guantanamo Bay detention center. The latter was also not a new stand taken by the president but it surely opposed a long standing position by the powers that be. Here are the major highlights of President Obama's speech.

esponding to the Threat: Leveraging Effective Partnerships and Targeting Terrorists

Effective response to terrorism needs a lot more than just military response and law enforcement. There is need for a concerted effort to be directed towards winning the war of ideology and the battle of will. The first item should be to complete the task of defeating the Al Qaeda forces.

Standards for Taking Lethal Action

Although…...

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References

Hudson, J. (2013, May 23). The 4 key points of Barack Obama's counterterrorism speech. Retrieved from Foreign Policy:  http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/23/the-4-key-points-of-barack-obamas-counterterrorism-speech/ 

O'Connell, M. E. (2013, May 24). Obama's Speech May Have Made His Drone Problem Worse. Retrieved from New Republic:  https://newrepublic.com/article/113297/president-obama-and-drone-warfare-his-speech-wasnt-good-enough 

The White House. (2013, May 23). Facts on President Obama's Speech on Counterterrorism. Retrieved from Office of the Press Secretary:  http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2013/05/20130523147928.html#axzz49PJsZCMv

. History of the selected system, including developer/manufacturer, need it was built to fulfill, and unique characteristicsThe history of unmanned aerial systems has been heavily emphasized for centuries. Many countries around the world used UAS as a means to provide a competitive advantage during war times. Others uses these systems as a means to create a climate of surveillance and research. These findings have been used to create further commercial applications that are still in use today. The usage of UAS, from a historical perspective, dates back to China. Around 200 AD Chinese developers and manufacturer used paper balloons equipped with oil lamps to illuminate the night during war periods. Foreign enemies, who were not aware of the technology believe the lamps during the night were spirits or a divine being. Likewise, during the civil war, both Union and Confederate forces launched balloons laden with explosives and attempted to land…...

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References 1. Andrejevic, M. (2016). Theorizing drones and droning theory. In A. Zavrsnik (Ed.), Drones and Unmanned Aerial Systems: Legal and Social Implications for Security and Surveillance (pp. 21-43). New York: Springer.2. Asaro, P. M. (2013). The labor of surveillance and bureaucratized killing: New subjectivities of military drone operators. Social Semiotics,23(2), 196–224. doi:10.1080/10350330.2013.7775913. Daggett, C. (2015). Drone disorientations: How \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"unmanned\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" weapons queer the experience of killing in war. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 17(3), 361–379. doi: 10.1080/14616742.2015.10753174. Feigenbaum, A. (2015). From cyborg feminism to drone feminism: Remembering women\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s anti-nuclear activisms. Feminist Theory, 16(3), 265–288. doi: 10.1177/14647001156041325. Gusterson, Hugh. “Toward an Anthology of Drones: Remaking Space, Time, and Valor in Combat.” The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and Legal Norms, from Flying Fortresses to Drones, edited by Matthew Evangelista and Henry Shue, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014, pp.191-2066. Holmqvist, C. (2013). Undoing war: War ontologies and the materiality of drone warfare. Millenium: Journal of International Studies, 41(3), 535–552. doi: 10.1177/03058298134833507. Kindervater, K. H. (2016). The emergence of lethal surveillance: Watching and killing in the history of drone technology. Security Dialogue, 47, 223–2382

Certainly! Here are some essay topic ideas related to Barack Obama:

1. Analyzing the major accomplishments and legacy of Barack Obama as President of the United States.
2. Exploring the challenges and obstacles faced by Obama during his presidency and evaluating his responses.
3. Investigating the impact of Obama's healthcare reform, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), on the American healthcare system.
4. Discussing Obama's approach to foreign policy, focusing on significant events such as the Iran nuclear deal or the Paris Climate Agreement.
5. Examining the Obama administration's efforts to address climate change and promote clean energy.
6. Assessing the economic policies and strategies implemented by....

1. The Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001) granted President Obama the authority to use necessary and appropriate force against al-Qaeda and associated forces, which included Osama bin Laden, the target of Operation Geronimo.

2. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (2011) specifically authorized the use of force against high-level al-Qaeda operatives, including bin Laden, providing further legal justification for Operation Geronimo.

3. The inherent authority of the President as Commander-in-Chief granted Obama the power to authorize military action against imminent threats to the United States, such as bin Laden's potential for future attacks.

4. The principle of anticipatory....

1. The Legacy of Barack Obama: Assessing His Impact on American Society and Politics

Explore Obama's policies and accomplishments in areas such as healthcare, the economy, education, and foreign affairs.
Analyze the challenges he faced and the extent to which he achieved his goals.
Discuss the lasting impact of his presidency on American society and the political landscape.

2. Obama's Leadership Style: A Case Study in Transformational Leadership

Examine Obama's unique leadership qualities and strategies.
Analyze his use of charisma, persuasion, and collaboration to inspire and motivate others.
Discuss the lessons that can be learned from his leadership style for future....

I. Introduction

1. Defining American Exceptionalism
   
   

   1. Historical context and ideological foundation
   
   
   2. Public perception and political rhetoric

2. Scope of the Essay
   
   

   1. Focus on foreign policy implications
   
   
   2. Evaluation criteria for success and failure

II. Body

1. Successes in Spreading American Ideals
   
   

   1. Post-World War II reconstruction efforts
   
   
   2. Support for democracy and human rights

2. Failures and Contradictions
   
   

   1. Interventions in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan
   
   
   2. Support for authoritarian regimes for....