California --Causes and Impacts
What is drought and why does it occur

The phenomenon of drought is regarded as an inescapable, cyclic hazard, and its build-up is gradual. The quantity of stream flow and precipitation, or degree of deficiency in groundwater that may cause drought in any given area might not have the same consequences in another area. This is because it is dependent of the quantity and type of water required, as well as alternative water supplies found within a region in any given time period. While the development of drought has already had significant impacts in the 21st century, it might now also be turning increasingly frequent. Drought cases across the world have increased, caused possibly by technological advancements in food production and shelter techniques, and in basic service provision, leading to massive food production and human settlement concentrations that are almost reaching or surpassing natural resource sources' capacities…...

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Bibliography

Deister, Ane D. "Working Toward an Active National Drought Policy." Journal of American

Water Works Association. 93.3 (2001): 48-57. Print.

Diaz, Henry F. "Recent California Water Year Precipitation Deficits: A 440-Year Perspective."

Journal of Climate 28.12 (2015): 4637-4652. Print.

Identifying Opportunities to Improve a Local Farming SystemSustained droughts in many parts of the country have devastated badly needed agricultural production for 2022, and this has certainly been the case for Western Oklahoma where the states winter wheat is projected to decrease by as much as one-half (Boswell-Gore, 2022). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability of the current production of winter wheat in Western Oklahoma and to identify strategies that can be used to improve its sustainability in the future. Following this analysis, the paper summarizes the findings from the research in the conclusion.What is the Big-Picture problem you are trying to solve or improve?The western part of Oklahoma, including the Panhandle region, is experiencing a sustained drought that is devastating the winter wheat crop (Boswell-Gore, 2022) that is worth nearly half a billion dollars (Hefton, 2021).Is it a water quality problem?Water quality is not the…...

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References

Boswell-Gore, A, (2022, May 23). Western Oklahoma faces wheat crop devastation. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from western-oklahoma-faces-devastating-wheat-crop.html.https://news.okstate.edu/articles/agriculture/2022/

Hefton, B. (2021, September 14). State wheat crop worth $478.4 million. Enid News & Eagle. Retrieved from  https://www.enidnews.com/news/ag_energy/state-wheat-crop-worth-478-4-million/article_888bf99e-14d3-11ec-8c5c-13905f0edaf0.html .

Water law and management in Oklahoma. (2020). Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Retrieved from   committee/WATER%20LAW_MANAGEMENT%20IN%20OKLAHOMA.pdf.https://www.owrb.ok.gov/supply/ocwp/pdf_ocwp/WaterPlanUpdate/joint_ 

The drought in California is a maddening study in contradictions. The state is an epicenter for drought even as other parts of the United States are awash in rain. At the same time, many of the people of California are subject to strict very strict conditions on the use of water. However, not only are the restrictions rather harsh, they are not being applied in many cases to the people that use up to four fifths of the water in the state. This does not make much sense to many people on a number of levels but yet the problems and uneven enforcement persist. While there must be better ways to address the drought in California, the application of these better methods seems to be uneven at best according to the work of Vice and its reporters. Analysis

The clips at the very beginning of the video lay bare the rather silly…...

California Drought
Many parts of the United States have had droughts at one time or another. However, they generally go away and they generally do not last all that long. That being, California has been a different story in more than one way. The high agricultural use of water in the state combined with the lack of rainwater coming into the water table has led to a situation that is already dire and is getting worse by the day. This issue is important because the long-term viability of the water in California is a major concern for everyone that works and lives there or that will do either in the future years and generations. This report shall cover the totality of the problem and then offer solutions. While desalinization and shifting of agricultural priorities are seemingly on the horizon, the current prospects of the water resources and status in California is…...

The Gold Coast area has a reputation as a flood prone area, even without considering the effects of global climate change.
The Gold Coast area comprises seven major catchment areas including the Tallebudgera, Currumbin, Nerang iver, Coomera iver, Pimpama iver, South Moreton Bay, Sandy Creek and Broadwater area (Mirfenderesk, 2009). The Nerang iver catchment is adjacent to the Tallebudgers catchment to the South. It is bordered by the Broadwater and Coomera iver area to the North. The Nerang iver catchment is adjacent to the Pacific beach area as well (Mirfenderesk, 2009).

Catchment areas have different levels of tolerance before the concentration of water to sediment reaches saturation levels, creating the likelihood of flooding in the area. The Tallbudgers, Currubin, and Broadwater area have time concentrations of approximately 3 hours, creating conditions favorable to short duration local flooding (Mirfenderesk, 2009). The Nerang iver and Coomera catchments have time of concentrations from 3…...

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References

Abbs, D. (n.d.). The Effect of Climate Change on the Intensity of Extreme Rainfall Events.

CSIRO Atmospheric Research. White Paper.

Boesch, D., Field, J., & Scavia, D. et al. (2001). The Potential Consequences of Climate

Variabiltiy and Change on Coastal Areas and Marine Resources. NOAA's Coastal Ocean

In this regard, Norton points out that, "Once xeriscaping becomes an element of the community's identity, and citizens encourage a change in the tastes of their neighbors, a trend toward less water use and more native habitat might build on itself, providing increasing returns on a small investment. Investments such as this could pay increasing returns in lowering per capita demand for scarce resources and buffer the economy against shortages and rising prices" (2002: 265). Likewise, Vogel reports that because the technique can help to save water in all types of climates, xeriscaping has become increasingly popular in many regions of the United States.
In reality, xeriscaping is not a mysterious or difficult process, but it does require taking several principles into account that can help reduce water usage. First and foremost, the area to be xeriscaped must be regarded as an interrelated network of soil, plants and water. Despite…...

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References

Hepner, Ruth. 2006, October 11. "Selecting Drought-Resistant Plants." The Washington Times:

4.

Hughes, Donald J. An Environmental History of the World: Humankind's Changing Role

in the Community of Life. London: Routledge, 2001.

globalized context, which of the two issues -- sovereign debt and energy insecurity -- is the greater challenge to U.S. national interests and why?
Globalization is the integration of trade, economic, financial and communication resources. Its primary focus is on the free transfer of goods and services across national borders. However, there are some restrictions which are applied under this philosophy. Most notably: the movement of people across national borders with little to no interference. This is designed to protect the smaller economies and encourage development inside these regions. (Dodds, 2012)

The biggest challenge for U.S. national security interests is energy insecurity. This is because all nations require resources (such as oil and natural gas) to maintain consistent levels of economic growth. The tighter supplies will lead to increased chances of conflicts taking place based upon controlling them. (Dodds, 2012)

A good example of this can be seen with the territorial dispute…...

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References

China Japan Island Dispute. (2013). Defense News. Retrieved from:  http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130504/DEFREG03/305040006/China-Japan-Island-Dispute-Could-Become-Flashpoint 

Burgan, M. (2007). America in World War Two. Milwaukee, WI: World Almanac Library.

Burr, M. (1994). Requiem for Sudan. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Dodds, F. (2012). Climate Change and Energy Insecurity. Sterling, VA: Dunstan House.

Wabash Watershed and Global Warming
Global warming is the gradual increase in the average temperatures of Earth caused by an increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in Earth's atmosphere. An unprecedented increase in GHG has induced the warming up of Earth. Since global warming impacts entire biosphere and ecosystems, watersheds are also distorted through warming of climate. The paper defines watersheds, their role in ecosystem, and explanation of changes that have taken place in Wabash watershed. Wabash watershed is composed of smaller watersheds such as Upper Wabash Watershed, Lower Wabash, Little Wabash Watershed, Middle Wabash-Busseron, and Middle Wabash-Little Vermilion Watershed. Human agency has caused the global warming to increase over a period of last two decades, though its signs are obvious much before that. Increases in average lower temperatures, precipitation, and stream runoff are some evident outcomes of global warming. Wildlife, water resources, agriculture, and human health will have an adverse impact…...

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References

EPA. (2013). Midwest Impacts & Adaptation. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved form:  http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/midwest.html 

Goudie, A.S. (2005). The human impact on the natural environment: past, present, and future. Wiley-Blackwell.

Gregersen, H., Ffolliott, P., & Brookes, K. (2008). Integrated watershed management: Connecting people to their land and water. CABI.

IPCC. (2013). Climate Change 2007: Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007. Retrieved from:  http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-6.html

S. would need to pay relatively more U.S. dollars (the imports would be paid in U.S. currency, which would be weaker).
However, there are several other things that need to be taken into consideration when analyzing the profitability of this venture. If an international crisis, such as a drought appeared, it would be essential to analyze how this affects the product that the U.S. is exporting (grain) and the product it is importing (cars). In terms of the first, if the grain production in the U.S. is not affected by the drought, then one can say that the exported grain is relatively more expensive, because of a constant demand compared to the decreasing supply (due to the drought) on the market. The U.S. would then be able to charge more for the product it is exporting. The car industry is not affected by the drought, but it could be affected by…...

While on one hand, the Nile gets the highest discharge from rainfall on the highlands of Ethiopia and upland plateau of East Africa, located well outside the Middle East region; on the other hand, discharge points of the other two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris, are positioned well within the Middle East region, prevailing mostly in Turkey, Syria along with Iraq. In other areas, recurrent river systems are restricted to the more northern upland areas of Iran and Turkey, in common with the coastline of Levant (Peter eaumont, Gerald H. lake, J. And Malcolm Wagstaff, 1988).
The conflict in the Future

It is widely believed by many experts that those who control the waters in the Middle East; control the Middle East; and those who control the Middle East; control the oil supply of the world (David M. Hummel, 1995). From the above mentioned facts it is clear that the water resources…...

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Bibliography

Anthony H. Cordesman. Peace is Not Enough: The Arab-Israeli Economic and Demographic Crises. Part Two. Population Growth, Fertility and Population Doubling Rates, Regional Trends, National Trends, and the "Youth Explosion" Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1998.

Adel Darwish. Troubled waters in rivers of blood. Water Issues. 3 December 1992. http://www.mideastnews.com/water004.html

Adel Darwish. Inadequacy of international law. Taken at http://www.mideastnews.com/WaterWars.htm

Ashok Swain. A new challenge: water scarcity in the Arab world. Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ). January, 1998.

99 per one gallon. Although recommended as a coastal plant, we decided to give it a try anyway. We liked the idea of its attracting butterflies. To keep the daisies healthy, Las Pilitas suggested watering and washing them "every couple of weeks." Jay was very pleased to hear that.
Next, we spent some time researching the Verbana lilacina. It is a drought tolerant plant -- good for Jay -- and requires little water. A perennial, its peak bloomtime is in the spring and summer. This would be a good plant for the shade -- which is exactly where we planned to keep it. Native to Cedros Island, off the coast of Baja, this plant should have no problem in the garden. The only problem now is finding it!

Meanwhile, I tried looking for "Creeping Thyme." There were many varieties of creeping thyme available from different outlets, and it was certainly considered a…...

Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically modified (GM) food has generated considerable interest and controversy in the United States and around the world (University of Richmond, 2004). Proponents applaud the vast benefits of technology while opponents argue that environmental and food safety issues outweigh the benefits. This paper provides background information regarding the genetically modified crops in an attempt to show that they are a benefit to society.

The appearance of GM food products in the marketplace has resulted in a great deal of public debate, scientific discussion, and media coverage (SCOPE, 2004). A variety of concerns go hand in hand with the new advances enabled by genetic modification. However, the possibilities presented by GM crops cannot be overshadowed by these concerns.

Crop varieties developed by genetic engineering were first introduced for commercial use in 1996 (University of Richmond, 2004). Today, these crops are grown on more than 167 million acres worldwide. American farmers are…...

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Bibliography

Dibb, Susan. Mayer, Sue. (April, 2000). Biotech - The next generation: Good for whose health? The Food Commission (UK) Ltd. And GeneWatch UK. Retrieved from the Internet at: http://www.foodcomm.org.uk/biotech_summary.htm.

Reuters News Service. (July 6, 2000). GM Crops Safe, Offer Consumer Benefits. Retrieved from the Internet at:  http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/7361/newsDate/06-Jul-2000/story.htm .

Sakko, Kerryn. (May, 2002). The Debate Over Genetically Modified Foods. American Institute of Biological Sciences.

Sample, Ian. (June 3, 2003). GM crops. The Guardian.

Dodgers by Stephen G. Haw
Stephen Haw presents an elaborate factual and informative piece on the art of using drought resistant plants to beautify the home and create a Mediterranean garden that will require little or no attention and yet serve the purpose that others that require a lot of attention would still serve. He first outlines the three basic needs of a plant; light, air and water with water being the most difficult need to satisfy hence he presents plants that will have least bother for this commodity.

Some of the highlighted plants are Halimium halimifalium which grows upright with gray leaves and yellow flowers, C. Salviifolius with sage-like leaves and white flowers, Cistus albidus with gray foliage and purplish-pink flowers, Jasminum fruticuns with attractive yellow flowers, Erica multiflora with pink flowers, Coronilla glauca with fragrant yellow flowers, Genista aetnesis which looks like a broom and is resilient.

The writer further…...

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References

Stephen G.H., (2013). The Draught Dodgers: Plant Recommendations from a Truly Mediterranean Garden. Horticulture (Hortmag.com).

Consultation eport
***Sample Title Page

Consultation eport: Homes' Blue Oaks

Observations

Consulting Arborists, Inc. was called by ASAP Enterprises to assess the damage to species Quescas douglasii on the property of Steve and Christine Homes because they have recently become brown and show signs of dying. The initial program was to walk the property and visually examine the trees to determine the extent of the damage and see if any other species are similarly affected. It appears that all Blue Oaks on the property, both those that are in the actual landscape and those in the surrounding forest, have been affected but no other plant species appear to be in distress. The homeowners were then questioned as to their actions to try and alleviate the issue, and they said that they have only pruned the dead branches but have not used any fungicide or other herbicide. The landscape includes irrigation lines and hardscape which…...

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References

Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory. (1999). Plant healthcare program: Blue Oak. Retrieved from  http://www.ufei.org/ForesTree/files/collected/Blueoak.pdf 

Blue Planet. (2010). Blue Oak. Retrieved from  http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/blue_oak.htm 

Garbelotto, M, & Schmidt, D.J. (2009). Phosphonate controls sudden oak death pathogen for up to two years. California Agriculture, 63(1), 10-17.

NASWC. (2000). Oak tree diseases. Retrieved from  http://www.naswc.org/docs/oak_tree_diseases.pdf

It is clear that conservation is needed. If the water that is left in the Southwest asin is squandered, it will disappear completely. Land use planning is also vital, because there are many different things that land around the Southwest asin can be used for - or not used for. When farms expand and urban areas are built, they cut into the water that currently exists, and this cannot continue without some way to get more water. It is necessary for leaders who have control over these types of issues to stop people from continuing to deplete water resources through the use of conservation measures and proper planning for the land that is left. While more land is often needed for development, consideration needs to be given to how fast that development takes place and the resources that are available to support it.

ibliography

Great asin Water Issues. (n.d.). Great asin Water…...

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Bibliography

Great Basin Water Issues. (n.d.). Great Basin Water Network. http://www.greatbasinwater.net/issues/index.php

Sharp, Jay W. (2008). Part II: Southwest Water Resources - the Problems We Face. DesertUSA.  http://www.desertusa.com/mag08/jun08/water-southwest-problems.html 

Water Demands (n.d.). http://ibcc.state.co.us/Basins/Southwest/MajorWaterIssues/WaterDemandsProjections/SouthwestBasinWaterDemandsProjections.htm

1. The impact of global warming on natural disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires.
2. The role of human activities in causing global warming.
3. The effects of melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels on coastal communities.
4. The importance of renewable energy sources in combating global warming.
5. The role of international cooperation in addressing global warming.
6. The economic consequences of global warming for industries such as agriculture, tourism, and insurance.
7. The social and health impacts of global warming on vulnerable populations.
8. The role of education and awareness in combating global warming.
9. The ethical considerations surrounding global warming and climate....

Yes, there are several news topics related to adversity that would make for a compelling essay subject. Here are a few examples:

1. The COVID-19 pandemic: You can explore how people worldwide faced numerous adversities due to the pandemic, such as health challenges, economic struggles, mental health issues, and social isolation. You can discuss stories of resilience, innovative solutions, community support, and lessons learned.

2. Climate change and natural disasters: Write about the adversity faced by communities affected by natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, wildfires, or droughts. Discuss the challenges of rebuilding lives, adapting to new circumstances, and finding sustainable solutions to....

1. The impact of deforestation in California on indigenous communities and their cultural traditions
2. The role of corporate interests in driving deforestation in California
3. The connection between deforestation in California and climate change mitigation efforts
4. The ethical considerations of deforestation in California for economic development
5. The potential solutions to combat deforestation in California and restore forest ecosystems
6. The intersectionality of deforestation in California with social justice issues, such as environmental racism
7. The long-term consequences of deforestation in California on biodiversity and ecosystem services
8. The challenges of enforcing deforestation regulations and protecting California's forests
9. The role of urbanization and agriculture in....

Deforestation in California: A Complex and Thought-Provoking Crisis

Introduction:

Deforestation, the removal of trees from forests, has emerged as a formidable environmental challenge in California. Driven by various factors, including urban expansion, agriculture, and wildfires, deforestation has significant ecological, social, and economic implications. This essay delves into the complexities of deforestation in California, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.

Causes of Deforestation:

Urban Expansion: California's burgeoning population has led to increased urbanization, resulting in the conversion of forest land into residential and commercial developments.
Agriculture: Agriculture accounts for a substantial portion of deforestation in California, particularly for the cultivation of crops like....