Economic Efficiency Right Now We Are Seeing

Economic Efficiency

ight now, we are seeing the beginning of the rollout of Obamacare, the kludge solution to America's broken health care system. The Affordable Care Act is a suite of laws and regulations that are designed to improve access to health care services in the United States, and the rollout has been spaced out over the course of a few years. ight now, the rollout is intensifying but the most significant elements will not arrive until 2014. As with any major policy change, there are myriad criticisms, and in this case one of those criticisms is the impact that Obamacare will have on the economics of health care in the United States. This paper will examine the effect of the law from the perspective of allocative efficiency.

Background

The key concept here is allocative efficiency. When a market operates under the condition of allocative efficiency, "the value consumers place…… [Read More]

Economics Simply Relates to the

The need for the preservation of these resources is because of the fact that it is finite or limited. Abused utilization of these resources will deplete it and will eventually endanger the future inhabitants of the earth, leaving them nothing for the production of their own needs. Without the resources, there will be nothing to work on in the first place. Achievement of economic stability is the first step in order to achieve the other social goals. Since there are resources, there can be economic efficiency whereby goods can be produced at a lowest possible cost because of the availability of resources. Economic freedom or the right of a man to engage in voluntary economic activities, economic equity or justice particularly in terms of taxation and welfare economics, and economic security or security in employment can be settled between the government and the people in order to achieve them. All…… [Read More]

Economics Optimal Currency Area an

Thus, a region or nation experiencing economic depression will be unable to use the interest rate lever to boost the economy. Similarly a country with high inflation will be unable to independently raise interest rates to contain inflation. Moreover, Islamic countries, which form a large part of the geography, do not believe in interest rates.

Political barriers -- Political differences between nations make it extremely difficult for them to adopt a common currency. It can lead to a loss in political sovereignty as monetary interests would need to surpass political interests. This is unlikely to be acceptable to most of the nations and the idea of a single currency may be difficult to implement (Gimp, 2008).

Will Pros and Cons change Over Time? Depending On the Country?

The economic conditions to determine a monetary union depend on: the openness and size of the economy involved to trade; the free movements…… [Read More]

Economic Globalization Today the World

"The explosive growth of the global economy threatens the natural systems that sustain life on Earth. Despite some significant successes in reducing industrial pollution and increasing efficiency, globalization is devastating natural habitats, speeding global warming, and increasing air and water pollution" (Anonymous). It is in the nature of such an economic globalization to cause negative effects. Globalization has its benefits as well which hold substantial weight.

Advocates for economic globalization state that it is aimed at removing poverty and increasing wealth among the poor. This has been seen not to be entirely true and the gain of wealth is seen only in the upper or elite classes. The rich are getting richer while the poor are getting poorer. Although food has increased, hunger rates have also increased. It is seen that the top class is becoming multibillionaires and today there are more billionaires than yesterday. However the lower class is…… [Read More]

Economic Crisis and Capitalism

Economic Crisis

The recession of 2008-2009 and the subsequent government responses provides a good test for economic theories. There are no controlled experiments in economics, so we can only work with case studies in order to understand how economies work. A good starting point is to consider the issue through multiple different lenses, so that we can understand how the crisis occurred and what prescriptions might be best suited for response either to address the root problems or to engage in prevention. This paper will consider the works of Marx, Schumpeter and Keynes in analyzing the financial crisis. All three of these men would have been able to understand its causes, but likely would have taken very different approaches to solving the problem.

The second issue at hand is the question of the future of capitalism. We have a pretty good sense at this point of what the response of…… [Read More]

Economic Democracy Comparing and Contrast

Instead Dahl
assumes the notion that it would be best to have "a system of economic
enterprises collectively owned and democratically governed by all the
people who work in them," meaning that he differs from the notions of Okun
and the Friedman's by proposing something radically different to promote
the ultimate goal of democracy (Dahl 92). Neither equality nor freedom is
necessary to fix the relationship between the economy and democracy, but
rather a completely different and even radical outlook on the relationship
between the economy and government can solve the dilemma. Furthermore Dahl
argues to how it is possible to retain the democratic principle within
firms, and prevent problems such as oligarchy. These notions in which the
economy becomes compatible with the political notions are completely
different than the Friedman's and Okun's notion that there lies a problem
with democracy. Dahl is even casting serious doubt on Tocqueville's long…… [Read More]

Economic Analysis on Everyday Activities

Economic Ideas

Economics can be considered as the study of the allocation of scarce resources that have potential alternative uses among the competing and virtually limitless want of consumers in society. The allocation of resources is necessary both at an individual and societal level. Economics considers the manner in which people are organized for economic tasks. Economics is applicable everywhere. Economics should be thought of in all the aspects rather than considering the things in the way they already are. This particular proposal explains the reason cars have their fuel doors on different sides. People line up and fuel their cars at the petrol station. However, it is noteworthy that some cars have their fuel filler door on the side of the driver while others have their fuel filler opening on the side of the passenger. This might be perceived as a normal aspect but is largely linked to economics.…… [Read More]

Economic Effects of the Sharing Economy

Sharing Economy

Deadweight Loss

When it comes to the environment impact of humans on the planet, overconsumption is not necessarily the issue; it is overproduction. Overproduction creates a situation where there is more supply than there is demand. Thus, some supply in the marketplace goes unused. This is an inefficient use of resources, or a deadweight loss to society (Investopedia, 2015). There are a number of different reasons why deadweight loss arises. The sharing economy has emerged as a response to deadweight loss that derives from overproduction.

Overproduction occurs in many industries, largely because companies are competing for customers. Demand fluctuates, and companies will typically have more production capacity than they need, in order to be able to meet the peaks in demand and therefore not lose business. Overproduction is therefore inherent in any market economy. But overproduction creates deadweight loss. A market that has a high degree of flexibility…… [Read More]

Economic Crisis

Economic Crisis

The revelation of the financial crisis that unfolded in United States in 2008 is considered to be the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, 1929. The distinctive causative factors that have contributed to the U.S. economic crisis 2008- 2009 are differentiated by aggravated financial control, higher risks in capital investment, the housing bubble phenomena in relation to the brisk credit expansion. The aggregation of these factors in the U.S. economy directed the economy towards the de- leverage and credit crunches as the bubble burst. The following paper shall be discussing about the degree of correlation between the tax implications policies with respect to the financial crisis in U.S.. The precise review of strong linkages between the taxation and economic crises is the explicit explanation of the crisis that shook America. The paper also highlights the key factors that demonstrated their abilities and rescued U.S. In the economic…… [Read More]

Economic Final Report

Economic Systems:

An economic system is basically described as specific set of principles that addresses the production, distribution, and consumption of products and services. The involved parties in the production, distribution, and consumptions processes are usually determined by or dependent on the economic system. Throughout the history of humanity, different types of economic systems have evolved because different societies have placed varying emphasis on distinctive goals and priorities as part of their efforts to obtain answers to certain economic questions. In addition, the difference in economic systems is fueled by the tendency by different societies to develop very broad economic approaches to manage their resources. One of the main reasons for the development of different economic systems is to address the challenge of scarcity. The challenge of scarcity is an essential problem that confronts individuals and nations. hile there are four major types of economic systems recognized by economists, there…… [Read More]

Economic Impacts of Regulation Is a Written

Economic Impacts of egulation

egulation is a written instrument that contains rules with the force of law (Ogus, 2004). egulation as a process involves monitoring and enforcing rules, established through primary or delegated legislation. egulation usually creates, constrains or limits a right. In addition, regulation creates and limits a duty besides allocating responsibilities (Ogus, 2004). egulation may take several forms depending on its application. These includes legal restrictions made by the government, contractual obligations, which binds several parties together, self-regulations by industries, third party regulation, co-regulation, market regulation, certification and accreditation

egulation made by a state tries to produce outcomes that might not occur (Ogus, 2004). In addition, it attempts to prevent or produce outcomes in various places to what might occur. Through this, regulation becomes an implementation object of policy statements. Examples of regulation include controls on prices, market entries, wages, pollution effects, employment of particular people within certain…… [Read More]

Economics Part A-Economics and Society

Unfortunately most growth oriented economic policies such as "supply-side" economic policies tend to exacerbate inequality. A greater role of the government in the economy such as increased taxation on the rich can reduce inequality. Inflation and unemployment are usually inversely proportional in most economies, i.e., increase of money supply through deficit financing reduces unemployment but increases inflation while tight monetary policies reduce inflation but increase unemployment. According to a number of analysts, a major cause of terrorism in the world is an acute sense of deprivation among a large section of the population. Economic measures can, arguably prove more effective in rooting out terrorism than military action.

Part C-Theory

What, How and for Whom to Produce:

In 'free market economies' decentralized decision making by individuals and firms based on consumers' desires (which determine the price of goods) and the profit motive determine what goods are produced and in what quantities.…… [Read More]

Economics Country's Economy Is Driven

These decisions necessarily entail that some potentially productive opportunities are sacrificed in order to make what is estimated as the most productive choice.

Supply and demand refer to specific products and services, the ability to provide these, and the level at which they are desired by the target market. uyers desire a product or services, and therefore demand a certain quantity of these at a certain price. The relationship between the price and quantity of desirability is the demand relationship. Supply is the actual quantity of the product or service that the market can provide. The concept of supply relationship is the correlation between supply and the price received by the supplier, who is willing to supply a certain amount of products at the price received.

The dynamic in the relationship between demand and supply has a direct influence on the efficient allocation of resources within an economy, as well…… [Read More]

Economic Miracle Japan 1946-1973 Japan

Energy costs increased substantially and the yen's exchange rate was shifted to a floating rate. The eventual recession reduced expectations of future growth and reduced private investment. Economic growth went down from 10% to 3.6% during the period 1974-79 and to 4.4% in the decade of the 80s. ut despite the oil crisis and its consequences, Japan's major export industries stayed competitive through its cost-cutting policy and increasing efficiency. It reduced industrial energy demands and allowed the automobile industry, along with other industries, to improve. y the late 70s, the computer, semiconductor and other technology and information-intensive industries entered a period of rapid growth. During this high-growth era, exports continued to support Japan's robust economic growth in the 70s and in the 80s. However, the problems encountered on account of its growing balance of payments surplus urged for the opening of domestic markets and a stronger focus on domestic demands…… [Read More]

Economic Challenges Canada Faces in Recent Years

Economic Challenges Canada Faces

In recent years, the challenging economic condition in Canada has emerged as a concern for citizens, policy makers and the government alike. Canada faces challenges in terms of creating a more innovative society, as the country continues to experience a significant productivity gap compared to other advanced industrial economies. The Canadian industry appears to be slower in successfully developing, applying and marketing innovative products, processes and services than a majority of other nations. This lack of innovation is the cause of Canada's low productivity growth and competitiveness, and therefore must be addressed in order to increase employment growth, a higher standard of living and an improved quality of life for all Canadians.

Current research predicts that although Canada's economic performance will gradually strengthen out of the recent mild slowdown into a better pattern of growth in 2004, Canada's economy still faces the longer-term challenge of increasing…… [Read More]

Economics the Keynesian Would Argue

4. The role that the FDA plays in setting food safety requirements is inherently costly to the economy. The function is not based on economic concerns but rather public health concerns -- the FDA's mandate dates to Congressional concern about the Elixir sulfanilamide disaster and traces its roots to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, which documented meat production in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century (FDA.gov, 2009). Thus, decisions about FDA regulations are not made on the basis of economic good, but rather public good. Increased regulations would impose increased costs on business. In classical economics, these costs would act as a form of tax, increasing risk and discouraging investment. Eliminating these requirements would lower these costs, which would allow for an expansion of the food business. It could be argued that the threat of litigation today would counterbalance the need for regulations, but that claim has not been…… [Read More]

Economic Advisor to a Less-Developed

The nation will enforce law and order to protect its public property, regulate monetary frameworks and correct market failures. The government will be responsible for protecting private life of its citizens and property (Grant & Vidler, 2000).

Market and Competition Forces: the country's economy should be designed in such a way that it will promote competition. This is because competition means a fair deal in obtaining results. The government should increase sellers and buyers in the market because this would promote competition thus increasing the quality and efficiency. With competition, the country will be able to control and manage different functions of its economy (Grant & Vidler, 2000). Demand and supply are the prime market forces determining the production of a country produces and the suitable ways to do so.

Market equilibrium, price and output, are determined by market forces. Therefore, I would recommend that any least developed nation to…… [Read More]

Economics According to Burrow Verard and Kleindl

Economics

According to Burrow, Verard and Kleindl (2007), "a market economy is an economic system in which individual buying decisions in the marketplace together determine what, how, and for whom goods and services will be produced." Hence in any hypothetical pure market economy, the government of the day does not take an active role in deciding what products the citizenry should buy and in what quantities. A pure market economy is however taken to be a theoretical ideal. Burrow, Verard and Kleindl (2007) on the other hand note that "a command economy is an economic system in which a central planning authority, under the control of the country's government, owns most of the factors of production and determines what, how, and for whom goods and services will be produced." In such an economic system, the government of the day largely dictates the mode of utilization of the various factors of…… [Read More]

Economics a Price Discrimination Strategy Is One

Economics

A price discrimination strategy is one where different customers are charged different amounts. The price charged for my shop's submarine sandwiches will therefore be different for locals than for visitors. There are a number of ways to achieve this. In the context of a sandwich shop, the prices are going to be listed publicly on the menu, so it is impossible to openly discriminate with respect to prices. One technique that can be utilized to lower the average cost for each sub-for locals is to offer a loyalty card. The local would then receive either a discount or a free sub-after making enough purchases. This would deliver a lower price to locals in the long run. Alternately, a loyalty club can allow the locals to receive discounts if they are members of the club. A certain amount of annual sales would be required for club membership, or even a…… [Read More]

Economic Concerns Data Sets for

the country aims for the working population that had been estimated to be 125 million in 2006 to reach 147.8 million by 2020 (Economy watch, 2010).

elationship between unemployment and Brazil's economy

Unemployment in Brazil directly affects the economy of the country in several ways this include economic costs; rates of unemployment being persistent in Brazil indicate that there will be market failure in the country. Unemployment is an indication that resources are being wasted thus leading to loss of potential output and eventually a reduction in allocative efficiency. Brazil's economy will then be seen to operate below the maximum output that the country has potential of.

Unemployment also affects the economy of Brazil through financial costs. The Government of Brazil and the entire nation suffers some costs due to unemployment. There are some benefits that the government has to pay the unemployed and therefore the higher the rates of…… [Read More]

Economics in the United States Macroeconomics in

Economics in the United States

Macroeconomics in the United States

Macroeconomics deals with the general economic systems, which have a larger scope compared to individuals and markets. Essentially, microeconomics is mainly used in the determination and forecast of a country's national income. This is done by analyzing the factors of the economy that represent trends and patterns and in most cases influence each other. Economic factors affecting macroeconomics include the rates of employment and unemployment, positions of balance of payments, trends in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation. Macroeconomics is controlled by the monetary and fiscal policies, which are implemented to control economic factors. Levels of investment and consumption of products and services is also determined by fiscal and monetary policies.

Microeconomic situation in the United States

Figure 1.1: Trends (in percentage) of Unemployment in the U.S. -- 2012

2012

March

April

May

Changes from April to May

Total for…… [Read More]

Economics There Are a Few

To understand this, consider when the curve begins on the upside. At that point, the firm may need a new factory, increasing AC beyond a certain point of output; or other inefficiencies could emerge relating to the costs of managing a larger organization. Essentially, on the downside efficiencies are improving as the output nears capacity. When output hits capacity, the LRAC begins to move upwards again.

5. The new camera explain is part of price discrimination and there are three distinct factors at work when considering this form of price discrimination. The first is strictly marketing -- when new technology arrives in the marketplace the first buyers are typically early adopters. These are more driven by the technology than by the price, so they have low price sensitivity. Firms take advantage of this by charging more, to recoup more of their investment as early as possible.

The second reason is…… [Read More]

Economics the Great Depression Origins

The downward spiral of deflation, the collapse of countless banks and other financial institutions, and the unprecedented levels of unemployment all demanded that something be done.

The programs that constituted President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal were not entirely unknown in the pre-Depression world. Various European countries already possessed social welfare schemes to some extent, but in the United States this was largely new thinking. The changes wrought by the New Deal reflected as much the uniqueness of conditions during the Great Depression as they did the undercurrent of new attitudes and ideas that had gradually been taking hold among America's intellectuals.

FDR's planners acted in the context of changing values, an evolving set of institutions, shifting political and economic circumstances, and the ebb and flow of planning opportunities to create a distinctly national, American form of planning.... They were part of a wide-ranging national debate over how to create…… [Read More]

Economics Is the U S Really Recovering Faster

Economics

Is the U.S. really recovering faster than the EEC and Japan-Asian trading partners?

The economic climate improved for all during the second half of 2003. owever, the U.S. recorded a more accelerated upturn during this period that many attribute to extensive tax cuts. Expansion in private consumption has been dramatic and business spending has also increased recently.

Japan's economy grew for a seventh quarter in Q3, 2003 the longest expansionary phase since 1997. Real growth came in at +.6% q/q, double the forecast. The economy expanded by 2.7%. In 2003, driven by exports and private capital investment. owever, deflation is set to continue, albeit at a lower pace, and the general government deficit is expected to exceed 7% of GDP for the next two years.

The performance of the Western European economy was weaker. After a prolonged phase of stagnation, signs of a gradual economic recovery became visible in…… [Read More]

Economics Discussions Production Costs Postal Service USPS

Economics Discussions

Production Costs

Postal Service (USPS) operates at a loss but its closest competitors -- UPS and FedEx -- both operate at a profit. Suggest how fixed costs have contributed to the situation of the USPS. Provide support for your response.

I would suspect that the fixed costs of contributing to employee's retirement funds (Risk Analysis Research Center, 2009, p. 4) and also their restriction from closing local offices (Slentz and McCann, 2009, p. 12) contributes to higher fixed cost at USPS than FedEx because FedEx is not unionized and while UPS is unionized, and thus experiences a fixed cost that is incurred to the level of union contracts, those contracts are more negotiable for UPS than USPS, and nonexistent or fluid for FedEx. Furthermore while union contracts probably affect the rate of closure for physical facilities for UPS, this would probably be more negotiable than for USPS and…… [Read More]

Economics Emergence of the Modern

The process would take centuries, but by Elizabethan times it had surely begun. Serfdom had all but disappeared from England, and money rents and wages had largely replaced other forms of compensation and exchange. The new importance of trade contributed to a profound change in attitudes, one that was beginning to re-shape society itself. In 1579, Thomas Churchyard defined as nobles, "Merchauntes that sail forrain countreys," a statement that underscores the importance of generating wealth.

Though not legally noble, these individuals were already beginning to emerge as substantial players in English society.

Economic Expansion: The Manor as Productive Estate

The vast expansion of trade and commerce in Early Modern England found its fullest expression in the thirst for new outlets for national enterprise. England's growing collection of colonies represented an attempt to compete economically on a world stage. Rivalry with other European powers encouraged the discovery and settlement of the…… [Read More]

Economic Philosophy Crime and Punishment

e. D (0), the cost of fighting crime / proportion of corrections i.e. C (P0) and the crimes / social costs / negative impacts on to offender i.e. FO. These different elements are important, because the combination of them is helping us to understand the total impact of crime and punishment on the economy.

As a result, these different factors are used in a basic formula to comprehend the effects of social phenomenon and crime on the economy. elow is the equation that is used to objectively evaluate what is occurring.

L (social / economic impact) = D (0) + C (P0) + FO

This formula is important, because it is providing us with a basic strategy that can be used to objectively evaluate the how crime and punishment are impacting society. Once this occurs, is when we can see the total economic impact of this on communities and the…… [Read More]

Economic for Business

Economics for Business

The company that I am studying is Apple. The company is a designer and marketer of consumer electronics, specifically computers, smartphones, tablets, mp3 players and software. The company has experienced a strong run of great performance in recent years, but it has not always been that way for Apple. The company struggled considerably, especially in the 1990s, before breaking loose. The key thing about Apple is that it has always sought to differentiate itself. Over the course of the past ten years, we have seen most of Apple's former competitors in the personal computer space leave the industry. The reason is that the computer industry is moving towards the strategic hell of perfect competition.

Strategy Hell

The term strategic hell reflects the condition of perfect competition. In the real world outside of economics textbooks, few markets can be truly understood to be perfectly competitive. Perhaps a vegetable…… [Read More]

Efficiency of Nonprofit vs Government

Then, a second major difference resides in the sources used to retrieve the necessary funds. The nonprofit organizations do indeed get the support of the federal budget in the meaning that they are often exempt from tax payment; but they have to raise the funds by themselves without any additional help or interference. They do this through the organization of various events, such as concerts, dinner parties or theatre plays, during which wealthy members of the community donate money to the causes promoted by the NPOs. In the case of governmental institutions however, the funds come directly from the state officials. The money is initially collected from the general public in the form of taxes, fines or other transfers to the state budget, and then redistributed to the state agencies.

A third difference also deals with the financial nature of the organizational activities, but is somewhat different from the previous…… [Read More]

Economics of Slavery the Outstanding

8 million of the 2.5 million enslaved Africans employed in American agriculture working on cotton plantations (Dodson). The economic structure of each plantation was part of a larger national and even international political economy. For example, the cotton plantation economy is frequently regarded as a significant part of Southern economy. Nevertheless, cotton was not only the economic foundation of antebellum South, but also that of the United States, a country that was competing for economic leadership in the global political economy. The profitability of slave economy led to its perpetuation. Indeed, history has shown that an economically profitable situation can often be unfair unjust or immoral, and can only be ended by drastic political measures. In the case of the South, it was the abolition of slavery. The Dred Scott case originated in the state courts of Missouri in 1846 as a slave's attempt to gain his independence from his…… [Read More]

Economic and Social Effects of

Many businesses could no longer operate in this fashion and likely closed their doors leading to a rise in unemployment. This is an example of the rule that Hitler had on the Pre-World War II German economy. The people of the nation were completely subject to his policies and because the economy was in such a vulnerable position as a result of the First World War, that Hitler's policies were looked upon as providing assistance to the nation. The research indicates that Hitler's rule over Germany managed to counter the rise in unemployment with institution of the German Labor Service and other workforce and labor programs.

Pre-World War II Unemployment in Germany

etween January 1933 and July 1935 the number of employed Germans rose by a half, from 11.7 million to 16.9 million.

. Under the rule of Hitler, more than 5 million new jobs paying living wages were created.…… [Read More]

Economic Effect of Legalizing Drugs

Economic Effect of Legalizing Drugs

The program for banning the trading and using of narcotic drugs like cocaine, heroine, and marijuana is one of the most essential public welfare program, attracting so much political discourse on the effectiveness of the 'war on drugs' and the substitute programs like legalization, rehabilitation through decriminalization, drug treatment, and medical marijuana. Economists vehemently criticized the success of the war on drugs pointing to the adverse consequences like violent crime and corruption, and suggested the substitute programs like drug legalization and decriminalization. Milton Friedman has since been upheld the legalization of drugs. Garry, Becker, George Schultz, Thomas Sowell and William Niskanan have also approved the liberalization strategy. (Prohibition vs. Legalization: Do Economists each a Conclusion on Drug Policy?)

The legalization envisages exerting regulatory government control over drug sales more practically through the state clinics or stores. There is stringent ban on the advertisement, declaring the…… [Read More]

Economic Concepts Purchase of Any Item May

Economic Concepts

Purchase of any item may be an ordinary activity for most people, but in economic terms, it is probably one of the most significant activities that govern and shape the business cycle and affects the economic conditions of any organization or country. Purchasing is directly connected with the concept of consumption. The more a person purchases, the higher is the rate of consumption and vice versa. But purchasing or consumption, for that matter, doesn't take place in isolation and several different concepts come into operation when a single consumption activity takes place.

Let us illustrate this with the help of an example. Suppose a couple decides to purchase a car. On the surface this might be an ordinary everyday transaction where money goes from one party to another as the result of which ownership changes. The car becomes the property of the consumer while his money becomes addition…… [Read More]

Economics in the Information Technology IT Industry

Economics in the IT Industry -- Additional Four Pages for Your Essay

Making Information Technologies a Competitive Strength

The pace and depth of innovation continues to accelerate in all sectors of IT. Across all sectors, enterprise and organizations that choose to automate their core business processes using IT systems and platforms are gaining the greatest impact of all however. Manufacturing and services companies are adopting Enterprise esource Planning (EP) systems to streamline their supply chain, sourcing, procurement, production and service strategies (Sternad, Gradisar, Bobek, 1511). EP systems are proving to be extremely valuable for these organizations as they strive to create a more unified series of business strategies across all their divisions. IT has emerged as an agile platform to support business' growth over the long-term as a result.

IT investments are also now entirely tied to business objectives and strategies as well. This has made IT critical form any…… [Read More]

Economics Increase in the Value

Trees, plants, animals, wildlife all have benefitted from the clean air act (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008).

The nutrition and labeling act

Previously, a number of consumers had problems with incorrect information on the product packaging, as well as, advertising. The nutrition and labeling act passed by the American Congress and Senate benefits the American people immensely. It serves as an economic regulation for the food and nutrition producing companies and forces them to be honest about the ingredients inside the product. Today nutrition data about each and every product can be easily found in the department store. The format in which this information is presented is easy to read. The consumers are able to make decisions about their food choices more rapidly than they did before. The packaging contains data on the exact amount of saturated fat; dietary fiber; cholesterol; as well as other nutrients per serving. In addition,…… [Read More]

Economics Is Canada a Post-Industrial Society There

Economics

Is Canada a Post-Industrial Society?

There is little doubt that the economy in Canada has changed; over the last decade there has been a general movement away from agricultural and industrial jobs towards jobs in the service sector. This is a trend which appears to indicate the country is moving towards, or has become, a post-industrial society. To determine if this is the case it is necessary to define what is meant by the term post industrial society, to identify the characteristics which are seen in a post industrial society. The characteristics may then provide a basis for assessment of Canada.

The concept of a post industrial society was first popularized by Harvard Sociologist Daniel Bell, in his book the coming of the Post Industrial Society, first published in 1973. Bell (1999) hypothesized a model of four stages of society that have, or were believed to be emerging; the…… [Read More]

Economics What Was the Ultimate

To examine the causes the independent variables will be the costs associated with the production and sale of the cars, looking a both the direct and the overhead costs in the years prior to the bailouts, to assess the degree to which the firms appeared to have control over their costs. If there was a lack of control over the costs, the level of costs may be a predictor of future problems.

Definition of Terms

Before undertaking the research it is necessary to define some of the terms which will be used. The failure of a firm relates to whether a firm entered into bankruptcy. Bailout funding was the funding that was received from the government as part of an official bailout package in order to help the firm survive.

The costs will be assessed in terms of the overall costs incurred to manufacture cars; this may be the cost…… [Read More]

Economic Ordering Quantity the Two

It might seem more economically beneficial for the company to store a maximum of only twenty bags of flour, as this is the minimum amount that the company needs to receive from the distributor in order to receive the discount, but this would not leave them any safety supply. With twenty-four bags of flour stored at a maximum, the bakery will have four extra bags of flour -- two days' worth of inventory -- on hand at the time of scheduled deliveries. This will allow them to continue operations for two days even with an interruption or delay in the delivery of the flour.

3)

Establishing leadership teams for each department and/or office of a given company whose members are selected particularly for their cultural diversity (as well as other necessary leadership qualities, of course) would be an effective way for any company to handle the changes in the workforce…… [Read More]

Factor to the Low Income Country Has the Greatest Impact of Economic Growth

Cambodia is currently experiencing something of an economic renaissance, in particular vs. where the country has been. In the late 1970s, Cambodia faced brutal government under the Pol Pot regime. The cities were emptied as the Khmer ouge mobilized the nation's entire workforce to produce rice, most of which was exported to China. As part of this reorganization of society, the Khmer ouge killed all dissidents, intellectuals or people of skill. The result was that, when the Vietnamese liberated the country, Cambodia had absolutely no functioning economy, and no people who could drive the economy and the country forward. The Khmer ouge lingered on as a force in the country for a long time, further stunting opportunity for economic development. Now today, Cambodia's economy is beginning to show signs of life.

Facts & Figures

The country's GDP has increased an average of more than 6% per year since 2004, including…… [Read More]

Cotton History and Economics

region has over another in the production of a good. The idea is rooted in the question for maximum economic efficiency from a fixed set of assets. What this means is that even if one region can produce everything better than another region, it may not be wise for it to do so, because there is opportunity cost in producing a little bit of everything. Another region, even if less efficient, can produce some of the goods and trade, thereby opening up more total productive capacity.

The United States has long been a dominant player in the global cotton market, and has either been the number one or number two producer in recent years. Within the United States, however, there are differences in cotton production. Texas is said to have a comparative advantage in cotton production over Alabama, for example. Texas is a relative newcomer to cotton production. While Alabama's…… [Read More]

Applying Economic Concepts to Health Care

Health care economics can be understood in terms of a number of different economic concepts. One of the most basic economic concepts is supply and demand. Essentially, supply is how much of something available that there is in a market, and demand is how much that people want. The concept reflects the idea that where there are no constraints, supply and demand will be roughly the same. In the real world, of course, there are always constraints. Demand has a number of drivers, and health care providers need to be aware of these drivers. Older people require more health care, so demand increases as the population ages. Sick people require more health care as well. Thus, when rates of disease or illness increase, that increase demand. As people reach end of life, especially at an advanced age, they become prolific consumers of health care. Thus, while the aging baby boomers…… [Read More]

Economic Added Value Statements

Economic Value Added Statements Improve Financial eporting

There are many potential advantages of using Economic Value Add analysis to improve financial reporting, results and increase the probability of success for specify investment initiatives and programs. There are also limitations or problems with this technique as well, which are briefly described in this analysis.

Analysis of Earned Value Added (EVA)

In defining EVA, the equation used for calculating it is based on the eturn on Assets (OA) subtracted from the weighted average cost of capital multiple by total capital (Burkette, Hedley, 1997). The equation is often shown as OA -- Weighted Average Cost of Capital x Total Capital. The benefits of this approach most often cited by companies using it and researchers who study its adoption is the ability to create a single, unified objective measure of corporate performance that cannot be manipulated or inflated easily (Burkette, Hedley, 1997). Second, the…… [Read More]

Economic Development

traditional, neoclassical school of economic modeling prescribes a "recipe for economic growth." Economic growth is a process of moving resources from low growth, agricultural areas to higher growth, industrial areas. The neoclassical school also does not see anything slowing the progress of moving from low growth to high growth areas. The neoclassical model in the form of Harrod-Domar model assumes that an increase in savings and investment will lead to economic development. Even though productivity is improved employment does not increase and income does not improve so correspondingly demand for products does not occur. Government intervention has hampered economic development by funneling resources into the wrong types of industries. Instead of taking advantage of industries where a country has a relative advantage, resources have gone to industries that the government wants to develop. One area where the removal of restrictions is essential is in the area of international trade. Increasing…… [Read More]

Economic Development to What Extent

o determine which views are most accurate we will examine the short and long terms effects that immigration are having on the U.S. economy.

Introduction

Since the 19th century, the United States has been one of the places where immigrants will go to, seeking out economic prosperity and a new life. As time went by, an increasing number of immigrants would begin coming to the country for a host of reasons. In some cases, these people were immigrating lawfully, while others were entering the nation illegally. his is in response to the demand for their services and the economic benefits that they provide to communities. At the same time, each person has the ability to experience some form of economic upward mobility. A good example of this can be seen by looking no further than a study that was conducted by the National Venture Capital Association. Where, they found that…… [Read More]

Economics of Production and Resource Management

Agricultural Assessment

Economics of Production and esource Management: Assessment of the Environmental Impact Associated with Human Waste Fertilizer in Agricultural Production

The objective of this study is to conduct an assessment of the environmental impact associated with human waste fertilizer in agricultural production. National Geographic News reporter Tasha Eichenseher reported that 200 million farmers in developing countries are making use of raw sewage due to water shortages and rising costs of fertilizer to irrigate and fertilize approximately 49 million acres of cropland. It is reported by Eichenseher (2008) that this practice "carries serious health risks for many" however, it is reported that the dangers of the use of human waste fertilizer are "eclipsed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food." (Eichenseher, 2008)

The 200 million farmers reported to be using this type of fertilizer are those in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin…… [Read More]

Economics of Public Policy

Monopolies and Trusts:

Appropriate Areas for Government Intervention?

Capitalism is the economic system that has dominated the United States virtually since the day of its independence. A social and economic system based on the recognition of individual rights; capitalism demands that owners' rights to control, enjoy, and dispose of their own property must be respected. In a capitalist system, the purpose of government is to protect individual economic rights, and to make sure that no one individual, or group may employ physical or coercive force upon any other group or individual. The success of capitalism is well evident. The surpluses that this system produces have enabled individuals to experiment; to create new products, and market new ideas. These private surpluses are traded in a free market in direct competition with other buyers and sellers. Such competition is best represented by the efforts of two or more parties acting independently to…… [Read More]

Economic Analysis of the Operating Cost That

economic analysis of the operating cost that are incurred in the running of a metro station. The paper also reveals the variables that are tied to the cost efficiency of the whole process of running a metro station. The cost of operating the stations is however grouped under the semi-fixed costs that are involved. This is because these costs do not vary proportionately with the output of the metro business. This paper seeks to shed light on some of the main factors that affect these costs. Empirical analysis reveals that very strong system specific factors influences costs but it is worth mentioning that there are other station specific details that also influences the costs. These include the number of platforms in the station, the length of the passageways, the interchange demand, availability of toilet facilities etc.We also discover that presence of air-conditioning has a great effect in the propulsion of…… [Read More]

Economic Concepts The Most Basic

Price ceilings only shift the burden of achieving average cost equilibrium around to different people within the system.

The author does touch on reduced amounts of competition as a factor in increasing costs. There was more competition in the 1990s, leading to lower costs and lower cost growth. Competition can be expected to lower costs, but to some extent it might not be sustainable. There are issues with supply in health care markets, for example. If there are insufficient numbers of providers, the equilibrium point is going to be higher. If demand is higher -- whether the effects of an aging population or aggressive pharma marketing campaigns to get more people on more pills -- that also drives the equilibrium higher. It is at the equilibrium point where the best solutions lie. The article dances around this to a point -- it gets to the part where it is explained…… [Read More]

Economic and Social Changes After 1870 Are

economic and social changes after 1870 are so striking and so qualitatively different from the developments of the First Industrial Revolution that they deserve to be labeled, "The Second Industrial Revolution."

The Second Industrial Revolution

Rapid changes in societies that radically transform the way of life for significant segments of the population are termed revolutions. Such revolutions have occurred frequently in many parts of the world throughout history. However, only a few in the history of mankind have transformed societies in irreversible and profoundly significant ways. Two such significant events that have taken place in the course of human history are -- The Neolithic Revolution and The Industrial Revolution. In the Neolithic Revolution people changed their way of life and social systems based on hunting and gathering to more complex systems dependant on agriculture and the domestication of animals. This led to the development of communities who lived in permanent…… [Read More]

Economic and Environmental Benefits of

Cost and CO2 reduction analysis were performed using local data available from both commercial and professional bodies. A majority of current thermal rating programs require the equipment to be tested in accordance to a standard test under specified testing conditions. This approach provides reliable data because it is possible to replicate such tests within an accepted uncertainty band. There are, however, some rating programs which combine a standard test and a calculation procedure to produce a performance rating. Such is the case for the energy guide label for electric and gas hot water heaters. A similar method has been developed to provide a practical rating system with the goal of presenting an easily understood comparison between SDHW systems and conventional hot water systems. Note that the performance any individual commercial enterprise will experience may differ due to location and hot water usage.

The thermal performance rating is based on the…… [Read More]

Economic Circumstances the Practice of

Those who work domestically may not have the foresight or skill as do those who work within the target country. This can be particularly profitable if the product developed is one that has not be thought of before. By being the first mover, Kmart can capture market share unabated by competition that will undoubtedly ravage margins and potential profit. This flexibility is also helpful as a feedback mechanism in regards to product offerings within a particular country. For reasons of religion, customs, or societal pressures, many products offered in America may not be desirable in foreign countries. From Kmart's perspective this can have an adverse effect on earnings and customer satisfaction. As a result, it will be important for Kmart to outsource this service to become better informed about the merits of a particular country. By using foreign know how, and product specifications, Kmart can be a better position to…… [Read More]

Economic and Environmental Benefits of Short Sea Shipping

Sea Shipping Services in Europe

The study aims to identify the impact, benefits, and drawback of implementing a short sea shipping policy within Greece. Within the paper, arguments have been made for supporting the adoption of the policy, and there have been clear facts presented. The paper also attempts to make comparisons between the different modes of transport available with an aim to show how cost effective and environmentally friendly short sea shipping is to a country. The results presented are backed by previous research that has shown the impact of marine transportation and made comparisons with road or rail transportation.

Short Sea Shipping is defined as the movement of passengers and cargo by sea, between ports that have a shared coastline without crossing an ocean. Short seas shipping has been at the forefront of the European Union's transport policy mainly because it offers the potential to reduce road congestion…… [Read More]

Economic Political and Legal Concerns in Marketing a Product in Czech

Staffing Approaches

ABC Company

My first strategy will endeavor to address the mean income of the country concerning marketing front load washers and dryers. To penetrate the market, I believe price reduction should ensure inevitably to capture a wider customer base. The gas-powered dryers are the main target for ABC in venturing into the Czech epublic. Currently, front load washers and dryers retail at about $2,000, depending on the manufacturer. The machines of ABC Company will depict high efficiency attributed to wastage of less power. Additionally, the machines would be star rated, observing minimum energy performance standards and ratings. As the CEO, I will ensure that the machines introduced to the Czech epublic market will conform to electrical ratings of the nation based on factors like volts, watts, and amperes.

Economic Concerns

ecently, Czech consumers have remained careful in their choices of purchasing home laundry appliances. The economic crisis has…… [Read More]

GCC Economic Outlook 2014

Economic Integration of GCC Countries: Developments Since

Economic Integration of GCC Countries: Latest Developments Since 2010

It is important to examine the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Key Economic Indicators. Primarily, 2014 Key economic indicators will present statistical information, which will seek to foster economic determination and engineer the determination of current and future performances. A collective economic indicator examines aggregate earning reports, list of economic summaries relating to this region and as well as, reflecting on various macroeconomic indices. This report will prove that the GCC (2014) economic indicators are collective in answering aggregate macroeconomic challenges. This study is a collective possible research leading to the construction of key economic indicators (2014) analysis as adopted by GCC partners. GCC economies have been growing tremendously in the past ten years. This study focuses solely on some of the serious economic developments and polices evident in the region in the past four…… [Read More]

Is Economic Globalization a Positive Trend

Economic Globalization

a positive trend?

In order to fully understand the complexities of economic globalization, one must first sufficiently define the term in regards to how it is viewed in today's world. Thomas L. Friedman defines globalization as a system or a paradigm, "an approximate set of rules by which to conduct life," yet he also points out that globalization itself presently serves as a replacement for the old system begun and fostered during the Cold War which came to a close when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 (Sjursen, 3).

However, others have countered that globalization is defined by trends related to third-world countries that economically become stable as a result of re-defining their old national standards. For example, Juan Enriquez argues that the global trade market "allows a small region to break its dependency on a larger nation state," whereby "protection is no longer necessary," with the result…… [Read More]

History and Economics

Economic Development of China and Korea

China and Korea, not exactly highly developed countries, but carry a mystique about them that intrigues everyone in the United States. Two countries, on the verge of emerging into their full economic potential, is at the present time, attracting plenty of media attention. as their economic bankruptcy influenced by the attack on America? The purpose of this essay is to discuss and compare the differences and similarities of the two countries, including education, culture, religion, traditions, way of living and history, and emphasizing the economic development of these two fascinating countries.

Korea had its beginning, about two thousand years ago, when two nations were in a battle, creating a small independent population area, which we now know it today as the nation, Korea. Korea actually evolved spontaneously, with no planning or organization. Although Korea developed it's own identity and uniqueness, it is the envy…… [Read More]

Energy Economics

Economics of Energy

There are different theories with respect to energy. Mearns argues that people should save energy, because there is a limit to how much proved reserves of hydrocarbons and there may even be limits to how much non-hydrocarbon energy available. It is necessary, therefore, to be highly efficient in our energy use (IanMearns.co.uk, 2014). His views contrast with those of someone like Christof uhl, who is the chief economist for BP. uhl argues that such efficiency is already occurring, that the West is experiencing lower levels of energy intensity and demand is primarily being driven by the developing world. Changes in the fuel mix are also a factor, he argues, and when developing nations follow the West in lowering their energy intensity, energy demand will start to stabilize (uhl, 2014).

The EIA release (2014) supports uhl's contention that energy use in the U.S. is starting to stabilize, and…… [Read More]

Organization Behavior Economic Business Policy

Both these techniques have an inverse relationship with each other. If the Government chooses to make its operations more efficient, it will be able to utilize the same level of capacity efficiently and increase the level of production. On the other hand, it can make more investments to increase the capacity so that the current and projected demand can be met effectively (Landskroner 2001).

The best way to manage the demand and capacity is to get the maximum output from the minimum amount of inputs. But if the Government increases the capacity and does not bring efficiency in its operations, a significant portion of its available capacity will go in vein. Similarly, if it wants to control the level of demand in the market, it will have to introduce new alternative products for the consumers so that they switch to those products. However, this step requires a considerable time and…… [Read More]

Financial Systems Economic Growth and

This aspect of the study were inclusive of works of "economic historians on the development of financial systems" most particularly the "banking systems" worldwide and exactly what the resulting impact will be. (Rousseau & Sylla, 2001) hile the two identified "strands of literature" one dealing with domestic and the other international developments, are no always related to one another" but are however, both elements of the story called financial globalization." Definition of a "Good Financial System" states that there are five key components which are: (1) Sound public finances and public debt management; (2) Stable monetary arrangements; (3) a variety of banks, some with domestic and others with international orientations, and perhaps some with both orientations; (4) a central bank to stabilize domestic finances and manage international financial relations; and: (5) ell-forming security markets."

Impacts of Globalization on National Economies

Impacts on the economies of the world have been stated…… [Read More]

Productive Efficiency Is an Economic Concept That

Productive efficiency is an economic concept that is commonly described as an economy's ability to produce a good through the least available resources. Therefore, efficient production is an economic process that is realized when a good is produced using the lowest total cost of that good or product. On the other hand, productive efficiency also implies the economic stage in which an economy cannot create extra amounts of a product without lessening the level of production of another good. However, the likelihood of this economic level to occur depends on the economy's ability to function along its boundaries of production capability.

This concept is mainly used to examine whether an economy is producing a good in the best possible means without wastage of necessary resources. This implies that productive efficiency incorporates every aspect of the production ability boundaries, a process that is difficult to examine practically. However, this concept remains…… [Read More]