Economic Growth Essays (Examples)

Economic Growth and Happiness

Economic Growth Can Lead to Healthier and Happier Societies

More Availability of Goods

Higher Income

Increase in Tax evenues and Better Welfare Programs.

Increase in Purchasing Power

Technological Advancement

Health Industry Benefits

Business Sector Benefits

General Benefits

eflective statement

Economic Growth Can Lead To Healthier and Happier Societies

Economic growth has long been termed as the precursor to any society's success, and in this paper, we shall be looking at various aspects of economic growth that are directly correlated to happiness in the society, as well as those that negate this causality leading us to wonder whether all the technological progress in the world can eventually lead to happiness.

There are various factors that impact happiness where geography is a consideration in the sense of the location of a country has an important part to play in terms of its cultural values, and the manner in…

S. economy from one with an emphasis on imports to one with an emphasis on exports. The shift to the gold exchange standard further facilitated this, as foreign exchange was ultimately converted to gold, and U.S. wealth grew rapidly in the 1920s (Smiley, 2010).

There were a number of beneficiaries from this economic expansion. On average, most Americans benefited from the expansion in terms of increased wealth and living standards and the federal government saw its revenues increase (de Rugy, 2003). However, wealth disparity grew rapidly during this period as well. By 1929, the richest one percent of U.S. households held 45% of national wealth, in stark contrast to the first one hundred plus years of the nation's history (DeLong, 1997). ith declining immigration and birthrates during the decade, the rise in economic wealth was nevertheless able to find its way to the pockets of working Americans, despite the increase…

Economic growth between U.S. And China

The ascend of China from a deprived, moribund state to a most important financial supremacy within an instant period of merely 28 years is frequently depicted by psychoanalysts as one of the most monetary triumph narratives in contemporary era. Taking into account the recent years economic growth China has managed to comfortably join the top bands as one of the leading economies in the world. This high economic growth rate has been realized mainly from increased exports, which consist of a wide range of commodities which includes clothes, jewelleries, household equipments and electric appliances. Export of luxury products such as mobile phones, laptops and other telecommunication equipments from China, especially to developing countries, has greatly increased. This study sought to establish the impact of this thriving economy between U.S. And China.

Since 1979 by the time the economic amendments were first established to around…

8% in the fourth quarter of 2008.... [a]sharp slowdown in finance and insurance, a further contraction in construction, and a deceleration in durable-goods manufacturing were the leading contributors to the economic slowdown" (Overview of the U.S. Economy: Perspective from the BEA Accounts, 2009, BEA). Still, Europe is experiencing its worst economic downturn since the Second orld ar. Its more precipitous decline contradicts initial economic expectations that the European Union might be buffered from the crisis.

European home prices remained more durable than in the United States and European consumers have cut back less on their spending. The problem is that the European export industry has been suffering. hile the more developed nations of Europe have taken more aggressive measures to inject capital into their economies and pursued more aggressive stimulus plans than the United States, poorer economies cannot afford to do so and still adhere to the policies of the…

Economics

Human Capital and Economic Growth

The concept of human capital is referred to in the field of economics, referring to the intangible characteristics of people which may be used to support or enhance their well being. The concept includes aspects such as the creativity, skills, knowledge and even personality traits such as charisma and al other personal competencies that have the potential to create some form of economic value. The most commonly used definition of human capital comes from the OECD where it is stated it is the "knowledge, skills, competencies and attributes embodied in individuals that facilitate the creation of personal, social and economic well-being" (OECD, 2001). An individual will have human capital, but the main use of the concept is when the individual levels of human capital are aggregated and the human capital is considered ion a broader scale, such as the human capital within a firm,…

The private sector tends to be against public sector funding, since it represents a basic redistribution of wealth from the ground up. Private sector economics has always held that the trickle-down economic models work best, where businesses and the very rich are given tax cuts and stimulus that is supposed to trickle down to the workers and the economy through renewed monetary business incentives. However, this form of economics, popularly labeled "Reaganomics" since President Reagan was one of its biggest advocates, has failed utterly and has led to one of the largest global economic collapses in modern times.

The growth of the economy can often be linked to the growth of the money supply, or what economists commonly refer to as M2. When M2 shrinks, the economy tends to follow, since there is less money available for investment and reinvestment in the public sector. Accordingly, when M2 grows, the economy…

Economic growth can be described as a measure through which the output of an entire economy grows or increases. Since this growth may be national, regional, or global, economic growth does not necessarily refer to growth in sales of any single industry or business. Economic growth is usually determined through various factors such as the Gross Domestic Product or Gross National Product. These measures of determining economic growth are considered on the basis of an economy's income or output. In addition to these, there are other important factors that play a crucial role in economic growth, which is governed by principle. They include the government, competition, and internal and external factors whose role is crucial in economic growth and development.

Principle of Economic Growth:

Business growth and economic cycle are processes that are primarily driven by similar microeconomic variables from a theoretical perspective. Generally, these processes are driven by the…

Economic Growth in Hong Kong and Singapore:

The main goal of the World Bank is to assist developing countries and their citizens to achieve objectives through partnership with its allies to alleviate poverty.

As a result, this financial organization has currently been advising newly industrialized countries on methods for encouraging economic growth. Notably, various methods can be used to encourage economic growth for typical companies in Hong Kong and Singapore.

Economic Growth in Hong Kong:

Together with Singapore, Hong Kong has become one of the economies in Asia that has experienced explosive growth in the past few decades. This growth can be attributed to various factors including the establishment of a strong infrastructure, use of economic freedom, and following an American economic philosophy. For typical firms in Hong Kong, some of the min methods of encouraging economic growth include:

Improving Management Structures:

While there has been minimal emphasis on the…

This developed later into selling feeder stock to U.S. where the costs of feed were less. In terms of agriculture, Canada does not have a suitable climate to grow corn, and during the 1890s there was the change in cultivation through the use of a new variety of wheat called 'red fyfe' that has a short growing season. This also provided better prices for the farmers and was suited to the short growing season and low rainfall in the Prairie Provinces. This was a factor that helped the economy to be strong till the Great depression started in the 1930s. (Watkins, the Economic History of Canada)

Looking at the political situation in Canada at that time, the Prime Minister wanted to have a strong central government but his situation was complicated through the challenge from the provincial commitments through the British North America Act. This was used the most by…

Economic Gowth Lead Healthie Happie Societies

Weathe economic gowth leads to healthie and happie societies o not? It is the question of cuent essay. Usually economic gowth and development bings pospeity and wellness in the lives of individuals by impoving thei life style. With the economic gowth of a county the quality of life impoves as people have bette food to eat, bette houses to live in and bette clothes to wea. In addition thee ae bette facilities of education, health and eceation in the access of people. An example is economic gowth and pospeity of Saudi Aabia. The impovement of the economic status in the Saudi govenment helped each Saudi citizen get fee social sevices, especially health sevices. This esulted in a low infant motality ate of 11.9-4 pe 1000 live biths in 2008 compaed to 47.94 in 2003 (Ministy of Health, 2009). The cuent essay is a epot…

This "crippled operations" not only in local businesses but in companies located in the most affected regions that supplied materials for manufacturing. In other words, Japan suffered from a shutdown of many companies that provided certain parts for cars and electronics. For example, the area that was slammed by the tsunami was a "supplier hub" where companies like Hitachi produced special parts -- including a "…$2 sensor that is part of a $90 airflow sensor used in engines for many vehicles" at the Hitachi plant (Rice, 2011, p. 29). But the shortages of certain parts also had an affect on companies in the United States; to wit, General Motors' engine plant in New York ran out of parts (that are normally manufactured in Japan) so it had to shut down its New York and European plants (Rice, 29).

Even the Apple iPad2, which was officially launched to the public on…

The final form of these tables and charts will be dependent upon the form and types of data that are found during the conduct of the research.

Data Analysis Methods

Data analysis methods will be similar to those used by Asseery & Al-Sheikh (2004). They will include multiple regression analysis based on cointegration techniques. Error correction techniques will be applied that are similar to that which was found in Plazolo & Bank (1995). These and other sources found in the literature review will be used in the construct of the data analysis methods.

Quality Assurance Methods

Quality of the final research will be dependent on the credibility of the sources used and the data contained within them. Statistical methods will also be applied to help reduce errors and assure quality of the final research product. Many of these methods are dependent upon the data which is found, the form it…

1. Check out the Gapminder website at http://www.gapminder.org/. Choose "Gapminder World."

a. Choose a variable from the list of possible y-axis variables that you think might be affected by the rate of a countries economic growth or income per capita. Why did you select this variable? How do you think this variable is affected by economic growth or per capita income?

In clicking on the y-axis, there are a list of variables that spring out on a list. The broader categories include children per woman, CO2 emissions, income per person, child mortality, life expectancy, economy, society, education, energy, environment, health, infrastructure, population and work. The author of this response has a few answers to the question above about how many of those variables are affected by economic growth and per capita income.

One easy-to-see variable that can be described that way is health. The health of a country is certainly…

Economy

http://ycharts.com/indicators/real_gdp/chart#series=type:indicator, id:real_gdp,calc:&zoom=10&startDate=&endDate=&format=real&recessions=false

The above chart shows that economic growth in terms of real GDP was fairly strong from 4Q2002 (barely a year after 9/11) until about early to late 2007, when it nose-dived to roughly 12.75 trillion. It has since started to rise again and now is above the high point in 2007/2008. GDP growth over recent years has not been blowing the doors off, but it has steadily gone upward for the last 3-4 years.

On a similar note, unemployment spiked very high, leveling off north of ten percent in late 2009/early 2010. It has since tapered down to 7.70%. However, as it relates to the current state of the economy, that figure is extremely misleading. First, anyone that has exhausted their 99 weeks (or applicable tenure) of unemployment benefits is not included in this figure nor is anyone that has voluntarily given up and left the workforce.…

economic growth across the United States over the last few months and the inflation concerns stemming from the energy sector. The overall increase in consumer price index, which is the general measure of the inflation rate, is more than balanced by the increase in the income levels for the period. The increase is consumer prices between April and May (.5% increase) created fears of inflation. This steep increase however is not an accurate appraisal because it reflected the temporary surge in oil prices during that month. In general energy and food components are considered to be volatile and therefore price hikes of these products will normalize within a short period of time. Oil prices have since dropped down and by the end of June they were stabilized at close to normal levels. However, any sustained increase in energy costs would have drastic effects on the prices of consumer goods and…

ECONOMIC INSTABILITY VS. FISCAL POLICY

Fiscal Policy vs. Economic Instability

Much has been stated and asserted about what governments can do to inhibit or create economic growth. Indeed, many politicians campaign and assert that they can create jobs and economic growth. Others suggest that such statements are pure folly and are no indicative of reality. The truth about governments and their ability to start or stop economic growth is somewhere in the middle. While governments passing and enforcing fiscal policy can encourage or allow for growth, they cannot organically create it but can absolutely hurt the economies they say they want to save if they act the wrong ways.

If the last five years in the United States has proven anything, it would be that keeping interest rates extremely low and offering piecemeal tax breaks alone are not enough to fix the economic travails and problems that were laid bare…

Domestic Macroeconomic Issue

Economic Growth and Development

Macroeconomic stability does not single-handedly assure high rates of economic growth. Factors such as unemployment, inflation, national income, and economic growth and development are the most important determinants of economic prosperity at the macro level (Driessen 2001 p. 40). Economic growth and development is one of the macroeconomic issues with considerable impact on the overall GDP of an economy. A country attains economic growth when there is positive change in the level of production of goods and services over a given period. The nature of change in the level of production would be an essential ingredient to determine whether the outcome is a nominal or real growth (Driessen 2001 p. 40). A nominal growth is a type of economic growth that includes inflation whilst real growth means the nominal growth minus inflation. Technological inventions and innovations as well as positive external forces are…

Financial Development and Economic Growth

The United States of America has made significant developments with respect to their financial market which in turn has resulted in the form of high economic growth. When we compare the U.S., which has one of the most developed financial markets, to other less developed countries, we find that the United States accumulates capital and grow at a higher rate due to markets being more stable. On the other hand, other lesser developed countries have not made much considerable development with respect to financial development which in turn has affected their economic growth. In this paper we will examine the financial development of a less developed country and will measure its effects on its economic growth. For this purpose we will include statistical data to make our point more valid. We will also use measure of financial development such as the exchange rate volatilities, stock…

sustainable development and economic growth?

Within a global economy, it is very important that as people that we start to rethink the basis of economics for the reason that with the economic system we are gifted with today, sustainable development and economic growth is not likely to attain simultaneously. This essay provides an overview of the issue and call for a shared policy that gives an everyone of the individuals the chance to understand one's potential, inside the natural boundaries of earth The problem of having a sustainable development and at the similar time experience a unceasing economic growth is turning out to be more pressing as many starts to perceive the limitations nature. This essay argues that sustainable development is impossible to achieve and per se disjointed with economic development, assumed the nature and features of the market founded economic theory that our worldwide economy is founded on today.…

Aside from these positive consequences, a free market would negatively affects small entrepreneurs in the meaning that most of them would not possess the necessary resources to compete with international producers and would end up in bankruptcy.

Multinational corporations and international organizations

Large international corporations have been widely criticized for the destruction of local businesses and for forcing their own products and culture upon other countries. One of the most eloquent example of such behavior is McDonald's, for the expansion of which specialists used the term McDonaldization "to describe the phenomenon of local cultures being stamped out by multinational corporations spreading a homogeneous Wester (usually American) culture." However, economists' opinions on the matter vary: the advocates of globalization state that the international corporations aid to the development and enlargement of other countries' culture, while disclaimers of globalization believe that the process destroys local small companies and damages the countries' culture.…

Low Income Countries

Economic status of North Korea

A less developed country is that country with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of less than 2% of global trade in goods relative to other countries. Less developed countries are known for less industrialization and more often than not a high dependence on foreign aid. These countries are grouped as the poorest and weakest market economies and consist of more than 880 million people. They rely heavily on exports of agricultural products whose prices keep on fluctuating fetching low price in the international market while they import most of the industrial and manufactured goods from developed countries a reason for continued balance of payment deficits, resulting into high debt burdens which have kept them as beggars' in the international community thus a continuous vicious cycle of poverty (UN-OHLLS, 2011).

Less developed countries are also characterized by low level of socio-economic development with…

Introduction
The Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy is a term describing a strategy championed by the United States and other Pacific Rim democracies, along with India, to promote democracy and economic growth in the region. The use of the term "Indo" and inclusion of India is viewed as being deliberate to reflect the importance of India in Asian economics and politics, and also to provide greater counterbalance to China, the region's most important non-democratic state (PTI, 2018). In the context of this strategy, free refers to sovereignty of nations to carve their own path, free from coercion of other states, and open refers to open infrastructure, the encouraging of greater regional infrastructure integration that comes as part of the strategy (Wong, 2018).
In addition to promoting democracy, the Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy will also promote economic growth in the region, in a few different ways. For one, the region's…

Economics Questions
1. What is meant by “twin deficits”? Use this relationship between GNE and GNDI to explain your answer
Twin deficits take into account a circumstance where an economy is facing both a fiscal deficit as well as a deficit on the current account for the nation’s balance of payments. Therefore, the nation is facing both trade deficits and government budget deficits. This can elucidate the relationship between national income (GNDI) and the national expense (GNE). Notably,
GNDI = GNE + CA (current account)
GNDI > GNE if and only if CA > 0 and this is indicative of a surplus in the current account
GNDI < GNE if and only if CA < 0 and this is indicative of a deficit in the current account
2. Give an intuitive explanation that captures the relationship between the current account position (surplus or deficit) and role of the country as…

Development and Growth in the Field of CED

Development and growth are some of the most commonly used terms in the field of community economic development. The field of community economic development (CED) focuses on promoting the involvement of a community when working with public and private sectors towards the creation of strong markets, industries, and communities. This field also focuses on encouraging the use of local resources in a manner that enhances economic opportunities while enhancing social conditions in a sustainable manner. Some of the most common examples of initiatives in this field include enhancing opportunities for disadvantaged members of the community and undertaking measures to overcome challenges.
Given the focus of community economic development, growth and development are two common terms in this field. These terms are sometimes used interchangeably in this field because they share some similarities. The use of these two terms interchangeably is also fueled…

ECONOMICS
Consider the DMP model. Low unemployment is a commonly pursued goal of governments. A subsidy, s, is given to firms to encourage more hiring is a policy option that can be implemented with the intended goal of increasing employment and reducing the unemployment rate
1. What is the firm’s surplus, consumer/worker surplus and total surplus with the introduction of a subsidy?
In a successful firm-worker match, the firm produces an output level, z. The firm’s surplus is given by the profit generated from a certain level of output. Assuming a unit price of 1 and that no capital is used in the production process; the firm generates a profit of
Profit = z – w; where w is the real wage paid to the worker
An employment subsidy, S, increases profits by the amount of the subsidy such that:
Profit/firm’s surplus = z – w + s
A worker…

Bonds
I do not feel that now is a good time to invest in long-term bonds. The reason is this – the value of long-term bonds decreases as interest rates increase. As this looks like an increasing interest rate environment, long-term bonds look like they would come with an opportunity cost. Short-term bonds would be a better investment in this environment..
There is a Federal Reserve rate increase expected this week, but that has already been priced into the bond market (Robb, 2017). The idea of the Fed increase is that it will place a constraint on economic growth, in which case the current economic expansion will continue "at a steady pace without overheating" (Robb, 2017). Indeed, the Fed has already cautioned that if the market does not respond with slowing conditions that "All else equal, an easing of financial conditions may warrant a somewhat steeper policy rate path." (Robb,…

Economics

Growth The retailer sector was lately affected by the back-to-school shopping season, which did not start so well, as midprice department stores, discounters and specialty-apparel retailers announced disappointing sales results during August, which reinforced the already much debated concerns that consumers are not comfortable with the current state of the economy and are reluctant to consume, considering the shaky and uneven economic recovery.

However, luxury department-store chains managed to post significant earnings, as they benefited from the help of an important number of upscale shoppers. Still, the effects of higher gas prices and the rising value of grocery bills, combined with lackluster job growth were severely felt by moderate- and lower-income shoppers.

Michael Niemira, chief economist and director of research at the International Council of Shopping Centers feels that "There's weaker-than-expected performance," due to the fact that "there was a slowdown in spending, but some results are exaggerated by…

These lessons would suggest the need to change or veer away from the "me first" mentality of the U.S. agriculture and its representatives. What would serve agriculture and society best would be by working to identify how broad society and its farmers desired the future agricultural sector should be structured. Corollary to this would be to use its comparative advantage in designing policy interventions, which would realistically, efficiently and effectively achieve this goal. Only through this process could the legitimate wants of farmers be balanced against their responsibilities to their broader society. Only then could agriculture have a true and successful societal basis for its farm program interventions (Poe).

ibliography

1. Choices. Converting to Organic. American Agricultural Economics Association, 2001. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/nu_n0HIC/is_2_16/ai_77612359

2. Conlon, Michael. London Conference Discusses the Future of iotechnology in Agriculture. AgExporter, 2001. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3723/is_11_13/ai_81766576

3. Ecologist, the. Last Ditch for ritain's Small Farms. MIT Press Journals, 2000. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2465/is_2_30/ai_62053043…

"Both the U.S. side and the Mexican side replicate the political, economic, social, and cultural systems of their respective nation-states. At the same time, borderlanders have blended the structures, institutions, and life expressions of the two societies to create something novel and entirely theirs -- the ambiente fronterizo, or borderlands milieu. Today the area stands as a prime example of binational interdependence, providing striking evidence of the trend toward closer ties among the world's nations and societies" (Martinez, 1994)

eferences

Coleman, M., 2005, U.S. Statecraft and the U.S. - Mexico Border as Security/Economy Nexus, Political Geography, Volume 24, Issue 2, pp. 185-209

Hackenberg, ., 1997, the U.S.-Mexico Borderland in Century XXI, Culture and Agriculture, Volume 19, Number 3

Longley, ., December 2004, Illegal Immigration Costs California Over Ten Billion Annually, About U.S. Government Info

Martinez, O.J., 1994, Human Interaction in the Texas - Mexico Borderlands, University of Arizona, http://www.humanities-interactive.org/borderstudies/text/essay.html. Ast…

This aspect of the study were inclusive of works of "economic historians on the development of financial systems" most particularly the "banking systems" worldwide and exactly what the resulting impact will be. (Rousseau & Sylla, 2001) hile the two identified "strands of literature" one dealing with domestic and the other international developments, are no always related to one another" but are however, both elements of the story called financial globalization." Definition of a "Good Financial System" states that there are five key components which are: (1) Sound public finances and public debt management; (2) Stable monetary arrangements; (3) a variety of banks, some with domestic and others with international orientations, and perhaps some with both orientations; (4) a central bank to stabilize domestic finances and manage international financial relations; and: (5) ell-forming security markets."

Impacts of Globalization on National Economies

Impacts on the economies of the world have been stated…

Richard Matthews adds to the overall challenge of unbounded growth by providing a contentious work of his own. In his book, Matthews asserts that Thomas Jefferson, one of the most influencing thinkers of our time, was an anti-market theorist. Matthews further asserts that Jefferson was against a market economy with unbounded growth but instead advocated for more controlled economic development.

What is very interesting is that many of these principles seem radical, but given current economic circumstances, their insights may prove correct. One economic issue prevailing in the United States is that of rapid fiscal and monetary stimulus and its inflation implications. Currently, due in part to prevailing market conditions, governments have embarked on a path to massive fiscal ease. Governments, including the United States, Japan, Europe, and China have all engaged in massive stimulus operations. This was bought about primarily due to the growth initiatives of many of the…

The economy of Australia has been experiencing a positive growth. In particular, the economy of the nation has indicated extraordinary and remarkable progress devoid of going through a single recession for over two decades. This is a record that is unmatched by any other nation across the globe. The Australian economy has seen incessant growth and this has encompassed low unemployment rates, inflation that has been kept in check, considerably low public debt, and a financial system that is comprehensively strong and stable. For more than two decades, the economy of the nation has experience an average GDP growth rate of 3.5% every year. This growth rate has largely surpassed all other economies of major developed nations. For instance, the United States has an average growth rate of 2.6%, Canada having 2.5% and the United Kingdom having 2.2% (Tang, 2016). This can be illustrated in the diagram below.

Source: Trading…

Macroeconomics

For most of the time since the subject of economics was first studied, the idea of resource constraints has been irrelevant. The world was simply not viewed as a finite place. The concept of resource constraints was limited, more or less, to the consideration of constraints on an individual economy. Adam Smith recognized that all economies would face resource constraints of one type or another. As Snowdon (2003) points out, "to Smith, it was obvious that all economies were faced with resource constraints and that free trade was a policy that would allow any nation to achieve the most efficient allocation of its scarce resources." This notion was built into the Ricardian trade theory and classical economics. It has not been until recent times, however, that the concept of worldwide scarcity has become relevant. The idea of peak oil and a world with seven billion people (or more) has…

HK & Singapore

A country's economic growth "may be defined as a long-term rise in capacity to supply increasingly diverse economic goods to its population…" (Kuznets, 1973). There are a number of methods by which economic growth can be encouraged. These include reducing barriers to business expansion (such as interest rates, tax rates and bureaucracy), increasing transparency in government, increasing population, trade policy, technological innovation and increased exploitation of resources. Singapore and Hong Kong are first-world city states with large populations and limited natural resources. Although both have experienced population increases, density is very high and there is limited room for domestic consumption growth. Likewise, there is limited room for growth in resource exploitation, as neither has excess natural resource capacity. Transparency International ranks Singapore as first in the world for least corruption, and Hong Kong is a strong 13th, so there is little room for improvement (Transparency International, 2010).…

rapid, post-orld ar II economic growth for the Japanese economy. A survey of the literature provides insights into management practices of Japanese firms, and offers direction for necessary changes that the American economy must make to successfully compete.

Because of the exceptional growth of East Asia in the 70s and 80s, a number of studies were conducted to determine the causes of economic development, particularly in Japan. Hayumi's article explored the question of whether there were lessons to be learned that would improve U.S. economic performance. Hayami argued that while the orld Bank study of the "East Asian Miracle" acknowledged successful cases of government planning and control in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, the report did not provide a unique model of economic development. Given the complexity of political and government interventions, Hayami argued that the success of the northern tier could not be duplicated. Moreover, countries in the southern tier…

China & India: Rapid Economic Growth -- Additional pages

Additional Introduction / Conclusion Copy

How did China and India emerge so rapidly as enormous economic powers? This paper reviews the circumstances of the economic advancement that both countries have made, and establishes that these nations became economic powerhouses due to the sheer size of their economies -- along with the strategies they employed.

The Indian economy has been among the "fastest growing economies" in the world since the late 1980s, according to Kunal Sen, writing in the peer-reviewed journal Contemporary South Asia. He insists that most experts (in "the international financial press") are incorrect when they assert that the Indian economy began to accelerate following the "radical economic reforms of 1991" (Sen, 2009, p. 364).

In fact, Sen writes, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita began to rise "…in the late 1970s, and has kept on steadily increasing over…

This hurts the low-wage labor pool, which is the function of large employers that able to pool many jobs under one roof rather than many jobs under many roofs. Small businesses suppliers are often eliminated due to state government dealings with big business. States can assist with these problems by only enabling such entities to operate away from the small businesses and only operate in areas where there are a small number of small businesses with very strong customer loyalty to where the businesses in that area enjoy an inelastic demand curve and fear losing no business to the outside.

eferences

Bell . 2010. Smart Grid, Smarter City. ICMA September 2010.

http://icma.org/en/BlogPost/11/Smart_Grid_Smarter_City

Lare PV 2006. Growing Toward More Efficient Water Use: Linking Development Infrastructure, and Drinking Water Policies. Copyright EPA 2006.

icma.org/Documents/Document/Document/1739

San Diego Budget & Finance Committee (2006) FY 2008 to FY 2012 -- City of San Diego Five-Year…

Cambodia is currently experiencing something of an economic renaissance, in particular vs. where the country has been. In the late 1970s, Cambodia faced brutal government under the Pol Pot regime. The cities were emptied as the Khmer ouge mobilized the nation's entire workforce to produce rice, most of which was exported to China. As part of this reorganization of society, the Khmer ouge killed all dissidents, intellectuals or people of skill. The result was that, when the Vietnamese liberated the country, Cambodia had absolutely no functioning economy, and no people who could drive the economy and the country forward. The Khmer ouge lingered on as a force in the country for a long time, further stunting opportunity for economic development. Now today, Cambodia's economy is beginning to show signs of life.

Facts & Figures

The country's GDP has increased an average of more than 6% per year since 2004, including…

traffic congestion kill economic growth community ward This article city Vaughan Ontario Canada.

The city of Vaughn in Ontario, Canada, is one of the area's fastest growing communities and it apparently doubled in size since the early nineties. hile this has had a positive effect on the area's socioeconomic status, it also led to a serious problem as congestion started to be more and more common. The authorities attempted to tackle the issue through improving the infrastructure and through bettering the public transport system. Even with this, the rapid inflow of people seems to be too much for the community and it started to experience economic problems as a result of the traffic situation.

Road congestion is a divisive topic, as many are inclined to perceive it as a sign of success -- most successful communities from around the world report incidents involving congestions and thus influence the general public…

China as a Developing Country

China's Economic Growth

China as a developing country

The world economy has grown to be very competitive of late; there have emerged new economic trends, new economic alliances as well as new economic powers in the world over. Among the newly emerging economic powers is China which has been observed to be one of the fastest and stable rising economies in the world that no other economies can ignore them. The big question is how the Chinese have been able to set this trend and how they are maintaining it throughout.

Before 1978, China had been experiencing an annual growth of 6% annually; at times it had severe setbacks in the economy and this was due to the control that the government had on almost all assets of China and the significant infrastructure and means of production and trade. However, this came to change in…

America's Self-Imposed Economic Limitations

The United States stands proudly and vocally on its reputation as the greatest economic force in the world. Particularly following orld ar II and throughout the protracted conflict that was the Cold ar, the United States asserted its capitalist system as one that would ultimately drive global economic growth and progress. Yet, today, we find the United States at something of an impasse. In the throes of a seemingly endless recession and constantly bombarded with ominous predictions about the unsustainable nature of the American way of life, we must confront the reality that we may have reached the limits of our growth potential. Both because of America's poor prioritization of social needs and its global orientation with respect to free trade, the nation is facing a crisis of stagnancy that may only get worse with time.

America's domestic policies are very much to blame for certain…

Localities with Strong Economic Growth and Dealing with Problems of National and Local Levels of Planning

The objective of this work in writing is to address the primary problems of contemporary localities with strong economic growth and answer the question of how should the state deal with these problems in regards to both national and local levels of planning.

Long- and Short-Term Planning

Long and short-term planning for land use and urban, suburban and rural revitalization and growth is the focus of urban and regional planners. These planners assist officials in the alleviation of "social, economic, and environmental problems" through making recommendations of locations for such as schools, roads as well as other infrastructure. These individuals additionally suggest the zoning regulations for private property, which makes a requirement of "forecasting the future needs of the population." (U.S. Department of Labor, 2011) Most of local governments hire these planners and these…

Question One: Neocolonial Practices and Economic Growth in Former colonies
Neocolonialism refers to any attempt by a powerful nation to use economic, cultural, and political pressures to influence their former colonies to act a certain way. Nations could act directly or through influential global institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Proponents of neocolonial practices argue that they provide means to stimulate economic growth in less-developed nations. Critics, however, argue that such practices have little benefit on former colonies and they, in fact, stifle real economic growth. Using relevant examples, this text argues that in line with critics’ argument, neocolonial practices impose limits on real economic growth in the target countries since the imposing countries are often driven by personal interests.
Jamaica offers a perfect example of an economy stifled by neocolonial practices as laid out in Stephanie Black’s documentary titled ‘Life and Death’. In the 1970s,…

Economics of New Ideas and Innovations

This research paper discusses the economics of a new idea. Without new ideas and inventions, the economy might very well become stagnant or decline, as predicted by many early economists, who did not understand that impact that ideas and innovative technology had on global markets.

Technology is endogenous in the new growth theory, which holds that technology is a function of the capital and labor used to develop technology, the technology used in that process, and the economic environment. For the purpose of this paper, technology refers to the methods and tools that are used to generate with new ideas and more efficient ways of producing goods and services.

Ideas and technical innovations are crucial to the economy. If a country wants to grow, it must create an environment that encourages entrepreneurs and innovators to generate new ideas. Creating an economic environment that promotes…

Economics of International Trade China

Exploring the Economics of International Trade: China

"Chinese international trade has experienced rapid expansion together with its dramatic economic growth which has made the country to target the world as its market," and its expansion has only continued to show powerful growth within the international economic marketplace (Sun & Heshmati, 2010, p 1). After China was reopened to trading with the West in 1978, the country has really took off in becoming one of the world's biggest producers and exporters of a plethora of different goods. China has grown tremendously as nations like the United States have become their biggest trading partners. In response, China has helped refuel this growth with the manipulation of their currency and their heavy investment in the U.S. dollar, which ensures them a more competitive position for their exports.

For generations, China had closed itself off to trading and interacting…

The need for the preservation of these resources is because of the fact that it is finite or limited. Abused utilization of these resources will deplete it and will eventually endanger the future inhabitants of the earth, leaving them nothing for the production of their own needs. Without the resources, there will be nothing to work on in the first place. Achievement of economic stability is the first step in order to achieve the other social goals. Since there are resources, there can be economic efficiency whereby goods can be produced at a lowest possible cost because of the availability of resources. Economic freedom or the right of a man to engage in voluntary economic activities, economic equity or justice particularly in terms of taxation and welfare economics, and economic security or security in employment can be settled between the government and the people in order to achieve them. All…

Economic Crisis Policies

US current economic crisis is considered to be started from real estate sector. The real sector started to decline in 2006 and it accelerated in 2007 and 2008. Housing prices have fallen from the peak from about 25% so far. The decline in prices left homeowners with no option and they were unable to refinance their mortgages and causes default of mortgages. This default of mortgages and loans swallowed the banks and financial markets such as falling of Lehman's brothers and other anks and blow to rest of economy happened as the whole economy was relying on banks and ultimately it slows down investment in the country and capital flows to other parts of the world like China and India. ank losses cause reduction of bank capital which in turn requires capital reduction thus saving bank from lending. It is estimated that every $100 loss and reduction…

If there is a risk that one of the family members will lose his or her job, that will add risk to the purchase decision. The riskier the purchase decision, the lower the price will need to be in order to compensate for that. Another factor here is the expected change in housing prices or interest rates. Buyers are inclined to enter the market if they believe that the cost of home ownership will be higher next year, but they may delay purchases if they believe that costs will be lower next year.

ith new home sales last summer, the dip could be in part due to worries about a double-dip recession. The summer was characterized by an inane fight over the debt ceiling, something that shattered confidence of many in the political system, and some of the key actors within that system. A fractured political system is one that…

Economic Systems:

An economic system is basically described as specific set of principles that addresses the production, distribution, and consumption of products and services. The involved parties in the production, distribution, and consumptions processes are usually determined by or dependent on the economic system. Throughout the history of humanity, different types of economic systems have evolved because different societies have placed varying emphasis on distinctive goals and priorities as part of their efforts to obtain answers to certain economic questions. In addition, the difference in economic systems is fueled by the tendency by different societies to develop very broad economic approaches to manage their resources. One of the main reasons for the development of different economic systems is to address the challenge of scarcity. The challenge of scarcity is an essential problem that confronts individuals and nations. hile there are four major types of economic systems recognized by economists, there…

The country has traditionally relied on growing its workforce as a means of increasing its economic capabilities. hile Hong Kong has done the same in the past, its policy has diverged at this point. Faced with an influx of labour from the PRC, Hong Kong now faces a situation where it needs to focus on bringing in high-end labour, rather than the unskilled labour that is currently flooding in. Singapore shares a similar need, but has less space for new arrivals. A more open border with Johor Bahru on the mainland gives Singapore the ability to house labour out of the country that Hong Kong does not enjoy, but could encourage businesses to relocate there as well, to Malaysia's benefit.

Singapore has also focused on trade more than Hong Kong has. Traditionally, Singapore has adopted a role as a trade hub, where Hong Kong was a finance and insurance hub.…

Growth ate

Slow model (1992) is an economic tool used to analyze a country economic growth. The principal conclusion of Slow model is that the accumulation of capital could not only account for the growth rate per person. To address the central question of economic growth, it is critical to move beyond the Slow model. Mankiw et al. (1992) incorporate economic tools such as FDI growth rate, trade, inequality, institutional quality and other core variables such as labor and capital to analyze the growth rate across countries,.

Objective of this paper is to use the core economic variables and non-core economic variables to investigate their potential impacts on the United States growth rates.

Overview of the United States Growth ates

The United States is the largest and most powerful economy in the world. Presently, the U.S. has the highest level of output with the country GDP valued more than U.S.$14…

(Buchanan, 72)

The economic policy tools that were employed just after the war subsequently underwent some changes. From 1947 to 1950 direct controls on wages and distribution were eliminated followed by removal of trade controls in 1958. However, the government continued to maintain its hold over prices and credit distribution which made it different from many of its neighboring states in the postwar period. The French Ministry of Finance exerted greater control over the economy than the Bank of France. This led to a greater predilection to resort to devaluation when external equilibrium resulted due to the state failure to control incomes. In France, the period between 1945 and 1975 was known as the "thirty glorious years" because of the phenomenal economic performance. During this period, the average growth rate of GDP was around 6.8% which was quite remarkable considering that Britain's average GDP growth rate was 2.4% and Germany's…

Economic Challenges Canada Faces

In recent years, the challenging economic condition in Canada has emerged as a concern for citizens, policy makers and the government alike. Canada faces challenges in terms of creating a more innovative society, as the country continues to experience a significant productivity gap compared to other advanced industrial economies. The Canadian industry appears to be slower in successfully developing, applying and marketing innovative products, processes and services than a majority of other nations. This lack of innovation is the cause of Canada's low productivity growth and competitiveness, and therefore must be addressed in order to increase employment growth, a higher standard of living and an improved quality of life for all Canadians.

Current research predicts that although Canada's economic performance will gradually strengthen out of the recent mild slowdown into a better pattern of growth in 2004, Canada's economy still faces the longer-term challenge of increasing…

Energy costs increased substantially and the yen's exchange rate was shifted to a floating rate. The eventual recession reduced expectations of future growth and reduced private investment. Economic growth went down from 10% to 3.6% during the period 1974-79 and to 4.4% in the decade of the 80s. ut despite the oil crisis and its consequences, Japan's major export industries stayed competitive through its cost-cutting policy and increasing efficiency. It reduced industrial energy demands and allowed the automobile industry, along with other industries, to improve. y the late 70s, the computer, semiconductor and other technology and information-intensive industries entered a period of rapid growth. During this high-growth era, exports continued to support Japan's robust economic growth in the 70s and in the 80s. However, the problems encountered on account of its growing balance of payments surplus urged for the opening of domestic markets and a stronger focus on domestic demands…

Economic Growth

Economic Change in Saskatchewan

"If there were a change in Saskatchewan's economic circumstances from one of "boom" to one of "normal" or "bust," which current areas of government activity would you expect to be affected by this change, and, what would you expect the government's policy response to be to adapt to these new economic conditions?"

Currently, Saskatchewan was seen significant and rapid development in economic activity. The province has been able to take advantage of the rich supply of natural resources and exports many commodities to global markets. Much of the growth that the area has experienced can be attributed to the growth of potash and oil. However, these resources may not sustain the levels of economic growth that the region has experienced indefinitely. If Saskatchewan does not work to diversify its economy then the economic boom that it has experienced could slowly dwindle away. Furthermore, if…

Governments will not provide public goods to those they mistrust, as they will not expect to be able to collect taxes at a later date. In Africa, this again can be related to ethnic tensions -- governments and regions from different ethnic groups may have mutual mistrust that predates the colonial era.

Conclusions

Every nation will develop in its own way. For the most part, however, specific antecedents to development can be identified. Strong government is essential as lack of security will reduce investment -- both domestic and international -- and thus stifle economic growth. Strong government must nonetheless not confuse the rule of law with a mandate to expropriate wealth. The government will need to tax, but must do so only in accordance with the needs of the region for public goods. At some point, trust will need to be developed between the government and the people of the…

Economics

hile the U.S. is only showing the first signs of recovery from the global economic crisis, other nations such as Australia and China have recovered much more quickly. There are a number of factors that have contributed to the disparity in economic performance in the past three years in these different nations. In particular, three factors will be considered. The first is the situation in each country at the outset of the crisis. As the crisis was largely precipitated by a credit crunch, the differences between the structure and regulation of the banking sectors in each country will be given particular attention. The second factor will be the response on the part of each federal government to the crisis. The third factor will be the nature of the different economies -- the degree to which different structures have impacted the recovery process. Lastly, policy implications will be drawn for…

00). This is below the EU, where they have a rating of 42 or a PPP of $32,500.00. (Czech epublic 2010) 1 When you compare the two numbers, the purchasing power is lower in the Czech epublic in comparison with the EU. This means, that labor costs are much lower in relation to the rest of Europe. When you put this together with the increases in the GDP over the last two quarters and the fact that the banking sector, was undamaged from the financial crisis; means the Czech epublic has outstanding opportunities for addressing the needs of the company. As the country's costs, the business friendly atmosphere and prudent practices of government policies are creating the ideal environment for a European call center to flourish.

isks

Despite the obvious advantages, there are risks of relocating to the Czech epublic the most notable would include: the underlying cost structure. While…

This program is focused onto the following directions:

Generating stability with exchange rates

ebuilding confidence in the monetary policy

Better managing and restricting public debt

eforming and restructuring the banking sector to insure more transparency and the implementation of internationally recognized policies (The Icelandic Government Information Center, 2008).

4. Short-term forecast for the economy

The 2008 has severely impacted the Icelandic economy. In light of the dramatic effects as well as the efforts put into the reconstruction and reconsolidation of the Islanding economy, major growths are not expected. In other words, it is generally assumed that the country will regain its stability through small and gradual victories, which will, for the time being, only manage to stabilize the economy. Growth rates are expected to remain low and for 2010 for instance, the growth rate of the gross domestic product is expected to be close to zero (Central Intelligence Agency, 2010).…

Economics

UK Economy

An analysis of the latest figures for key economic indicators and the factors which have affected these indicators. This should include the figures for unemployment, inflation and economic growth.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate is a very important indicator of the overall health of the economy. Currently the unemployment rate is at 7.8% (Office for National Statistics, 2012). However, this figure does not affect the population equally. Different segments of the population have different employment rates. Furthermore, the unemployment rate does not include people that are not actively seeking employment. In the chart these people are considered to be "inactive." Another interesting item listed in the report is that the unemployment rate for the youth demographic was falling due to a record number of 16 to 24-year-olds being enrolled in some type of educational program.

Employment in the UK has suffered from recession. In 2008 there was a…