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Hacking
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What is Hacking?

Hacking sits at the intersection of technology, law, and ethics, making it a compelling subject across disciplines such as criminal justice, information systems, cybersecurity, and media studies. Students encounter the topic in courses ranging from Management Information Systems to computer science and policy seminars. What makes it academically interesting is its dual nature: the same technical knowledge that enables criminal intrusion also underpins legitimate security work. The field raises persistent questions about the boundaries of access, ownership of digital systems, and how societies define and prosecute computer-based offenses.

The papers archived on this topic reflect a broad range of analytical approaches. Some take a cultural or political angle, examining hacktivism as a reflection of tension in American society. Others focus on technical and organizational concerns, including software application vulnerabilities, internal and external security frameworks, and data information security policy evaluation. Case-study approaches appear in papers centered on specific threat types and corporate security practices, while broader surveys address cyber crime in contemporary society and the harmful effects of internet misuse. Comparative work also surfaces, including system-level analyses of different server environments.

A strong essay on hacking begins with a clearly scoped thesis — arguing, for instance, whether a specific security framework adequately addresses a defined category of threat, rather than treating hacking as a single uniform phenomenon. Evidence drawn from documented incidents, policy documents, and security research tends to carry more weight than general claims. The most common pitfall is conflating distinct categories: white hat security testing, hacktivism, and criminal intrusion operate under very different legal and ethical conditions, and blurring them weakens any argument.

306 papers
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Research Paper Doctorate
Evolution of disaster communication from colonial firefighting to modern information technology
New York State firefighting history is a microcosm of early and modern disaster preparedness.
Thesis Undergraduate
Hospital information technology system implementation for administrative operations
The following is a statistical review on health information technology systems. The information technology system under consideration here was established with the view of enhancing operations within all the departments of the hospital. It covers the needs of all those who visit the establishment which offers both inpatient and outpatient services, as reviewed in this context.
Essay Doctorate
FBI investigative tactics in the Gorshkov and Ivanov case
Most Americans believe the FBI to be the pinnacle of a law-abiding agency, and for the most part it is. However, in today's highly technical and highly cyber society, the laws and legalities can become more blurred, even for a government agency. This paper examines the actions of the FBI regarding two Russian cyber-criminals and how while some laws and protocols might have been overlooked, these actions were still done for the greater good.
Paper Undergraduate
IT management role in integrating SaaS for business process reengineering
The role of information technology in an organization cannot be underestimated. The benefits are often felt when employees, the software, and hardware are integrated and acclimatized thus guaranteed satisfaction in the realization of the organizational goals. This study identifies the challenges that may be encountered when IT is to be adopted in an organization whilst providing the steps in which such a phenomenon can be integrated successfully. The study also identifies challenges encountered in a business re-engineering processes.
Paper Doctorate
The Anonymous DDoS attack on the Department of Justice
The attack was a distributed denial of service attack (DDOS). This attack attempts to overload a websites server in an attempt to disrupt overall service to the website. The hackers used a coordinated attack in response…
Essay Doctorate
Paxil as a prescription medication: comparing therapeutic and recreational drugs
Paxil is a mind alternig substance that is used to ameliorate a variety of clinical conditions such as chronic depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. However, it is not a natural remedy for such issues in the way that marijuana is. To that end, there are several sources that indicate that this substance is being "pushed" to people by the medical field for capitalist exploitation.
Paper Undergraduate
Alcan's decentralized IT structure and enterprise system consolidation challenge
Alcan's continued revenue growth is the result of the combined success of increasing sales in four main business units, in addition to growth through acquisition. The cumulative effects of these two factors have served to create a profitable business and one where a highly decentralized organizational structure dominates (Chang, Wang, 2011). The catalyst of the organization becoming so decentralized is the continued revenue gains made across four businesses, each competing in market areas that face heavy pricing and commodity-like market conditions. Despite the heavily process-centric based approaches the industry takes to supply chain management, production and distribution, Alcan has been also able to profitably grow sales in the more mature markets they compete in. The senior management and IT departments credit the highly decentralized nature of the enterprise-wide systems that run the company. During the time period of the case, Alcan generated $23.6B in sales in 2006, and has 68,000 employees throughout its global operations that span 61 countries. The four major groups include Primary Metal, Engineered Products, Packaging and Bauxite & Alumina. Each of these business groups have their own Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and IT infrastructure. They each also have their own maintenance contracts with enterprise software vendors including SAP who the company pays approximately $100M a year in maintenance fees to. There are also the costs of operating over 400 different pricing systems, many of which duplicate functions across divisions as well. The new CIO of the company, Robert Ouellette, enters into a challenging situation and one that will require a completely different IT and organizational structure to succeed. Organizational Environment The Alcan organizational environment is highly decentralized to the point of there being four separate companies in the same corporation, each with its own entire value chain and supporting functions. As with the value chain concept, each of the four divisions has created its own main and supporting functions, and no two business units or divisions are the same. From the initial supply chain management and supplier quality management processes and systems to the supplier qualification, new product development, production and fulfillment including logistics, each business unit is significantly different than the other. When information systems and processes become unique to a given organizational business unit or division, the information and intelligence shared redefines the identity and over time, the core competencies of a business unit (Boh, Yellin, 2007). This is exactly what's happening in the four business units of Alcan during the time period of the case study. The Primary Metal, Engineered Products, Packaging and Bauxite & Alumina have in effect become their own companies, each with its own ERP, Manufacturing Execution System (MES), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and myriad of pricing and distribution systems. The case states that there are over 400 different pricing systems in place across the four business units or divisions. CIO Robert Ouellette and other senior executives see the potential for consolidating all systems together and creating a centralized IT architecture. Creating a highly centralized IT architecture and framework would require the fundamental structure of the company to change significantly. It would also require an entirely new IT architecture, followed by redefinition of processes, systems and procedures throughout the company. As the information platforms or technologies of a business define not only the performance of divisions but the structure and performance of business models over time, Robert Ouellette and his staff must think strategically as to how they will modify the overall organizational structure.
Research Paper Doctorate
Government database systems and personal data privacy regulation
Database System can be defined as a collection of programs that can enable someone to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are various types of Database Systems.
Research Paper Doctorate
Quality and credibility of health information on consumer websites
Due to the Internet, the health care information that is being passed along to consumers is changing greatly. This can be good or bad, depending on who is being asked the question and how the healthcare information is…
Paper Doctorate
IBM's history and evolution as a technology leader
This reference material provides insights into the history of IBM. The material describes how IBM emerged as a dominate company within the technology and computing industry. The document then showcases various contracts the company has entered into. A brief description of a cloud computing contract awarded to IBM follows. The description details various aspects of the contract including costs and nature of the overall objectives of the contract.