Hepatitis Essays (Examples)

204+ documents containing “hepatitis”.


Sort By:

Reset Filters

Hepatitis A
Causative agent

Virus

Affects the liver

Symptomatic 2-6 weeks after exposure

Speaker notes: Hepatitis A is caused by a virus. Symptoms of hepatitis A include dark-colored urine, pale stools, chronic fatigue (with no other explanation), itching, anorexia (loss of appetite) and nausea, fever, vomiting, and jaundice. The symptoms usually present manifest 2-6 weeks after the initial exposure (Zieve 2011). To test for the disease, the doctor may test for raised IgM and IgG antibodies to hepatitis A and elevated liver enzymes through liver function tests (Zieve 2011). Persons in high-risk occupations may wish to be periodically tested.

eservoir

Food and water

Stool and blood

Sexual contact

Speaker notes: Disease reservoirs for hepatitis A include food that has been contaminated by the feces of carriers of the disease; contaminated water or ice; direct contact with stool or blood of persons with the disease; and sexual contact. To protect against food-borne transmission requires careful hand-washing, and the use of clean,….

Hepatitis C Virus
PAGES 10 WORDS 3154

Hepatitis C
hat is the leading cause of liver disease? hat could cause so many people to require liver transplants? Most people on the street today would think that the answer to those questions would be alcoholism. And, although alcohol does do its fair share of damage to livers around the world, there is a greater source causing chronic liver disease out there.

This term paper will attempt to shed light on the hepatitis virus. The correct pronunciation would be: (h-p ? t? t-s). There are several strains of the hepatitis virus with some being non-issues and others being incurable killers. This report focuses specifically on the Hepatitis C virus which falls under the incurable killer header. This strain of the viruses can never be taken lightly.

There are many ways for an individual to acquire the hepatitis C virus into their system; however, there is currently no cure once it has been….

Hepatitis C Treatments: Their Link to Depression and Implications for the Social orker
The most commonly used treatment for patients suffering from Hepatitis C, a deadly liver disease, is the drug interferon combined with ribavirin. This treatment offers the most promise for a long-term positive prognosis. However, it has a known high rate for negative psychological side effects such as depression and other anxiety disorders. Clinical psychology can offer some solutions to this problem, both in assessing those patients who have increased risk factors for depression such as substance abuse or a history of depression, and in offering treatments to help ease the occurrence and severity of depression. This study will assess the risk for depression among the general population of Hepatitis C patients on interferon therapy.

Introduction

Hepatitis C virus is the most common liver disease in the United States. Approximately 1.8% of the U.S. population are infected, with approximately 74% of….

It is primarily transmitted from patients to healthcare workers through exposure to infected blood by mistakes in procedures involving sharp instruments and needles. For this reason, healthcare workers are routinely vaccinated against blood-borne
Hepatitis (Taylor, 2005).

It is also possible to acquire HBV infection through sexual intercourse and especially through injection of intravenous drugs because IV drug users often share needles. While there is no cure for HBV infection, diagnosis is crucial because antiviral agents are capable of managing its symptoms and minimizing its damaging effect on the liver compared to untreated HBV infection (CDC, 2006).

Hepatitis C:

Hepatitis C is very similar to Hepatitis B, except that it is caused by a different virus, HCV. While it is possible to transmit HVC infection through sexual activity, it is much more often transmitted by blood-to-blood contact in medical settings where universal blood precautions are violated. The most common specific mode of HVC transmission….

Hepatitis C and Cellular Biology
Hepatitis C is a virus that affects over 2% of the global population (Belon & Frick, 2009). It is a virus that leads to chronic liver disease, and has many complications, including cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (Belon & Frick, 2009), and it is the leading cause of liver transplantation among countries in the developed world (Whidby et al., 2009). Hepatitis C establishes and maintains a life-long infection in individuals despite the fact that the virus is detected and targeted by immune mechanisms of the host (Sharma, 2010). The virus survives and persists due to rapid mutations that allow the virus to escape surveillance by immune mechanisms (Sharma, 2010). The hepatitis C virus itself is a very small hepatotropic NA virus that is enveloped and spherical (Sharma, 2010). The only available treatment option for Hepatitis C is administration of a long-acting pegylated-interferon-alpha in combination with nucleoside….

As the liver damage progresses, these symptoms may grow more severe. "The hepatitis C virus is linked to an increased risk of porphyria cutanea tarda, a condition that may cause a blistering rash, to cryoglobulinemia, which can cause a purplish rash (purpura) on…lower extremities, and may cause kidney damage" (Complications, 2009, The Mayo Clinic).
Symptoms

Many patients have no specific symptoms and the finding of abnormal hepatic transaminase levels on routine testing is what often prompts specific testing for hepatitis C (O'Shea 2009). Blood tests or a liver biopsy to determine the severity of the illness are usually used by doctors. "If test results indicate that you have HCV, your doctor may measure the quantity of the virus in your blood (viral load) and evaluate the genetic makeup of the virus (genotype). There are six known HCV genotypes. Knowing which genotype you have will help your doctor determine the best course….

Antiviral treatment is used in some cases, especially for treating Hepatitis C, but many of the side effects of this treatment are similar to the symptoms of hepatitis itself, and can become so life threatening that such treatments must be discontinued in some cases. In cases where treatment is absolutely needed but antiviral treatments either will not adequately address the cause of the disease or is deemed too dangerous, the only real option for treatment is a liver transplant -- when symptoms are bad enough to cause immediate concerns for health and quality of life, the liver is often too damaged for the body to repair it. It is for this reason that hepatitis often goes untreated; the complications of a liver transplant can themselves be life-threatening and lead to ongoing health problems, making it hardly preferable to most mild cases of hepatitis despite the chronic nature of the….

Hepatitis D
PAGES 4 WORDS 1020

Hepatitis D, HDV is a subviral satellite that is not classified in a viral family. Dr. Mario Rizzeto identified in 1977 a nuclear antigen that was subsequently established to derive form what was named Hepatitis Delta Virus ()This is the only virus under the genus deltavirus (Hepatitis D Virus, 2005). The history of this interesting unique satellite small virus is short and therefore researches are still searching for possible new genotypes and prevention and treatment methods.
The new satellite virus was established to depend entirely on the Hepatitis Virus for its production and transmission. HDV depends on the Hepatitis surface antigen provided by the HV that the former uses to form its envelope of particles (Handa, Yamaguchi, 2006). Although HDV is considered as a satellite virus of HV, it does not present the same sequence as the later and it its replication is not dependent on the HV (Hepatitis….

Hepatitis C virus infection Trends among MSM that attend clinics for sexually transmitted infections: 1995 to 2010
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been noted since 2000 as a "sexually-transmitted-infection" (STI) amid MSM that are HIV-positive. This paper seeks to cross-examine the HCV occurrence among MSM attending a big STI-clinic located in Netherlands. There is need to examine data, and down the time profile, on chronic and acute infection of HCV among the MSM that are both HIV negative and positive, so as to establish the state of the disease and the causes, and to plan how to prevent its spread, in addition to identifying affected cases.

In the course of the anonymous cross-sectional surveys that are conducted every two years from 1995 to 2010, people had been interviewed as well as checked for evidence of HCV and HIV antibodies. There is a standardized questionnaire that has questions to find out about the….

Hepatitis C
Anatomy of the Liver

The liver is found at the upper right hand portion of the abdominal opening just under the diaphragm, but over the stomach, right kidney and intestines. It is a cone shaped organ that weighs approximately 3 pounds and appears to be dark red in color (USC Liver Transplant Program and Center for Liver Disease, 2012).

(1) right lobe, (2) left lobe, (3) caudate lobe, (4) quadrate lobe, (5) hepatic artery and portal vein, (6) hepatic lymph nodes, (7) gall bladder

The liver has two main sources of blood; blood from the hepatic artery, which is oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood from the hepatic portal vein. The liver contains up to one pint of the host body's blood supply all the time. It has two main lobes comprising of myriad of lobules. These lobules are also linked to tiny ducts that are also linked to larger ones from hepatic duct.….

Hepatitis C
PAGES 3 WORDS 996

Hepatitis C: Brief Overview and Statistics 1. The nature of the problem
Hepatitis C refers to an infectious disease of the liver: it can manifest as either mild or severe and lasting in term for a few weeks or for as long as the infected individual might live (cdc.gov, 2018). It develops within the individual as a result of a contamination via the Hepatitis C virus, spread mainly via blood-to-blood contact (cdc.gov, 2018). This disease can be either acute or chronic, though acute infections often develop into chronic ones; around 75-85% of acute cases eventually develop into chronic cases (cdc.gov, 2018). This disease can cause long term liver damage that sometimes lasts a lifetime and leads to even more serious conditions such as scarring of the liver or cancer of the liver (cdc.gov, 2018).
By referring to Hepatitis C as a blood-to-blood illness, this refers to the way in which the virus is….

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem across the globe as it contributes to nearly 1 million deaths annually. It is an infection that basically attacks the liver and has the potential to generate acute and chronic diseases. This communicable disease is mostly transmitted from mother to child during birth. Additionally, HBV is transmitted through contact with body fluids like blood. Since it is a life-threatening condition, the viral infection has received considerable attention in the healthcare sector. Healthcare professionals and other relevant stakeholders have developed various initiatives to help lessen the prevalence of this infection and mitigate its impacts worldwide. This paper analyzes this communicable disease, determinants of health relating to its development, epidemiological triad, and role of the nurse practitioner in the management of the infectious disease.
Analysis of the Communicable Disease
The World Health Organization (2019) defines hepatitis B virus as a viral infection that….

Hepatitis C
PAGES 2 WORDS 511

Hepatitis C: New CDC Screening Recommendations
The objective of this study is to review the article written by Doug Campos-Outcalt entitled "Hepatitis C: New CDC Screening Recommendations" published in the Journal of Family Practice, Volume 61, Number 12 in December 2012.

Campos-Outcalt (2012) writes that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released new recommendations for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection screening including a one-time screening for all individuals in the United States that were born between the year of 1945 and 1965 "regardless of risk." The new recommendations are reported to be rather than a replacement to be instead an enhancement of "the recommendations for HCV screening" stated in 1998 calling for those who were considered high-risk to be screened.

HCV results in a high level of morbidity and mortality in the United States. There are reported to be 17,000 new infections to have occurred in 2010 with approximately 2.7 to….

hepatitis of the liver and how they are transmitted to how we can find a remedy to slow down the deterioration process if not cure it completely.
Hepatitis

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Causes of hepatitis B

Transmission of hepatitis B

Symptoms

Tests for hepatitis B

Self-protection

Hepatitis C

isk Factors for HCV Infection

Consequences of HCV Infection

Diagnosis

Hepatitis is the disease connected with the inflammation of the liver. This disease was not discovered too long ago, however doctors and researchers have been able to find out the causes of hepatitis. There are several causes such as, viral, parasitic, infiltrative, drug or alcohol induced, or non-specific. Before a person is even diagnosed with this disease some of the prominent indications of the acute phase can be ranging from a symptomatic, where we may not even be able to notice we have hepatitis to feeling extremely tired, jaundice- where our skin or our eyes become yellow, nausea, vomiting, or even diarrhea.

When the concerned….

Cure for Hepatitis C
The medical community continues to scramble to find a cure for Hepatitis C, a disease that threatens the liver and can often prove to be fatal to those who become infected with it.

Hepatitis C is a blood borne disease that can be acquired through shared needles, blood to blood contact and other contact with bodily fluids. Hepatitis C has symptoms that include fatigue, vomiting, jaundice, pain in right side going through to the back sometimes and elevated liver enzymes. Once one is infected with Hepatitis C there is no cure though current research is working to locate one.

Currently there is no cure for Hepatitis C and part of that is because of the mutating ability of the disorder. Even within the same patient the disorder can mutate and change many times. This presents a serious problem in the quest for a cure or vaccine though scientists are….

image
4 Pages
Article Review

Disease

Hepatitis a Causative Agent Virus Affects the

Words: 1038
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Article Review

Hepatitis A Causative agent Virus Affects the liver Symptomatic 2-6 weeks after exposure Speaker notes: Hepatitis A is caused by a virus. Symptoms of hepatitis A include dark-colored urine, pale stools, chronic fatigue (with…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
10 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Hepatitis C Virus

Words: 3154
Length: 10 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Hepatitis C hat is the leading cause of liver disease? hat could cause so many people to require liver transplants? Most people on the street today would think that the…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
10 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Hepatitis C Treatments Their Link to Depression

Words: 3450
Length: 10 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Hepatitis C Treatments: Their Link to Depression and Implications for the Social orker The most commonly used treatment for patients suffering from Hepatitis C, a deadly liver disease, is the…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
3 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Hepatitis General Health Overview Hepatitis

Words: 817
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Term Paper

It is primarily transmitted from patients to healthcare workers through exposure to infected blood by mistakes in procedures involving sharp instruments and needles. For this reason, healthcare workers…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
3 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Hepatitis C And Cellular Biology Hepatitis C

Words: 884
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Hepatitis C and Cellular Biology Hepatitis C is a virus that affects over 2% of the global population (Belon & Frick, 2009). It is a virus that leads to chronic…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
2 Pages
Thesis

Disease

Hepatitis C A Sobering Look

Words: 777
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Thesis

As the liver damage progresses, these symptoms may grow more severe. "The hepatitis C virus is linked to an increased risk of porphyria cutanea tarda, a condition that…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
2 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Hepatitis the Liver Is One

Words: 587
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Antiviral treatment is used in some cases, especially for treating Hepatitis C, but many of the side effects of this treatment are similar to the symptoms of hepatitis…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
4 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Hepatitis D

Words: 1020
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Hepatitis D, HDV is a subviral satellite that is not classified in a viral family. Dr. Mario Rizzeto identified in 1977 a nuclear antigen that was subsequently established to…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
2 Pages
Term Paper

Health - Nursing

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Trends Among MSM That Attend Clinics for Sexually Transmitted Infections

Words: 888
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Hepatitis C virus infection Trends among MSM that attend clinics for sexually transmitted infections: 1995 to 2010 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been noted since 2000 as a "sexually-transmitted-infection" (STI)…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
2 Pages
Essay

Disease

Hepatitis C Anatomy of the Liver the

Words: 522
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Hepatitis C Anatomy of the Liver The liver is found at the upper right hand portion of the abdominal opening just under the diaphragm, but over the stomach, right kidney and…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
3 Pages
Essay

Health - Public Health Issues

Hepatitis C

Words: 996
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Essay

Hepatitis C: Brief Overview and Statistics 1. The nature of the problem Hepatitis C refers to an infectious disease of the liver: it can manifest as either mild or severe and…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
5 Pages
Essay

Nursing

Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Words: 1453
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Essay

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem across the globe as it contributes to nearly 1 million deaths annually. It is an infection that basically…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
2 Pages
Article Review

Disease

Hepatitis C

Words: 511
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Article Review

Hepatitis C: New CDC Screening Recommendations The objective of this study is to review the article written by Doug Campos-Outcalt entitled "Hepatitis C: New CDC Screening Recommendations" published in the…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
8 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Hepatitis of the Liver and How They

Words: 2567
Length: 8 Pages
Type: Term Paper

hepatitis of the liver and how they are transmitted to how we can find a remedy to slow down the deterioration process if not cure it completely. Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis…

Read Full Paper  ❯
image
2 Pages
Term Paper

Disease

Cure for Hepatitis C The Medical Community

Words: 621
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Cure for Hepatitis C The medical community continues to scramble to find a cure for Hepatitis C, a disease that threatens the liver and can often prove to be fatal…

Read Full Paper  ❯