Insurance Company Essays (Examples)

The reasons for this greater statistical likelihood might be due to the fact that dark-colored cars are more difficult to see at night, hence people get into more accidents, or that people who buy dark colored cars, like red and black (as opposed to brown and white) drive more recklessly and get into more accidents. Regardless of the reason, or even if the statistical differential has nothing to do with recklessness or accidents, but is merely arbitrary and due to consumer buying habits (perhaps dark-colored cars are more popular this year) it does not matter to the company. All that matters to the insurance company is that if a driver with a certain kind of car is more likely to crash that car, his or her premium will be higher.

orks Cited

Auto Insurance Resources. (2007). Official ebsite. Retrieved 27 Sept 2007. at: http://insurance.freeadvice.com/insurance_center/auto

Works Cited

Auto Insurance Resources. (2007). Official Website. Retrieved 27 Sept 2007. at:  http://insurance.freeadvice.com/insurance_center/auto

Project Management

Insurance companies enjoy large profit margins in the insurance industry. A reason for these margins would be the project management ability of firm employees to effectively management risk. Project management tools enable managers to effectively manage inherent risk with project implementation and management.

An example of a project management issue at an insurance firm is provided by Pula & Stone (2003), "The authors' research shows that customer relationship management (CM) projects can achieve higher rates of return by work on data quality. Existing and new data need to be integrated and shared, with updates synchronised among many different systems. These systems (including operational, analytical and customer contact applications and databases) were rarely designed to work together and the data they collect and use are not normally collected, structured or quality-assessed for the CM purposes for which they are eventually used." (Pula, Stone, 2003)

The block quote is to…

References

Chase-Jacobs-Aquifano: Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, 11th Edition. The McGraw Hill Companies, 2005

Lind, D., Marchal W., Wathen S. (2010). Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics. 14th Edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin

Pula, E.N., Stone, M., & Foss, B. (2003). Customer data management in practice: An insurance case study. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 10(4), 327. Retrieved fromhttp://search.proquest.com/docview/233337595?accountid=13044

I'm sickened and saddened by what I've become, and I'm staggered by the speed at which I've fallen" (Grisham, 1996, p. 140). Much of the book is realistic, but any good work of fiction takes license in some areas, and this work does, as well. A lawyer getting so involved with a client that he kills an abusive husband would probably be disbarred just about anywhere in the country, and yet udy looks like a hero when the story is finished. That is certainly not realistic.

Grisham supports his thesis against insurance companies throughout the work, by portraying the company and its representatives as greedy, uncaring, and only out for one thing - profits. Grisham writes, "So this is how the uninsured die. In a society filled with wealthy doctors and gleaming hospitals and state-of-the-art medical gadgetry and the bulk of the world's Nobel winners, it seems outrageous to allow…

References

Grisham, J. (1996). The rainmaker. New York: Dell.

Coin: Heads

Insurance options available to the patient depend upon the policy held by the patient and what is covered by the insurer. Some insurance companies will cover life-saving operations, while others will not (oizen, 2015). Yet even if the operation is covered, there may be a substantial deductible that will have to paid out of pocket; again, this all depends on the type of insurance coverage that the individual possesses. In a time like this, it is difficult to think of finances especially when a loved one's life is at stake. Fortunately, even if the deductible is high, or -- in a worst case scenario -- the insurance company will not cover the operation, there are hospitals that will provide financial aid to applicants.

At the same time, government insurance options are available, such as Medicare and Medicaid. If the patient is 65 years of age or older, he…

References

Durden, T. (2016). Obamacare update: Insurance premiums set to explode higher in

2017. ZeroHedge. Retrieved from  http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-05-09/obamacare-update-insurance-premiums-set-explode-higher-2017 

Roizen, M. (2015). Will my insurance cover my liver transplant cost? Sharecare.

Retrieved from  https://www.sharecare.com/health/digestive-health/transplant-cost-liver-insurance

Company's Compensation And Benefit Package

A number of factors determine how a company compensates its employees. These factors may include economics, psychology and even sociology. To an economist compensation is viewed as a labor market determinant (Filer, Hammermesh, & ees, 1996). As a human resource manager for Vanguard Industries I have been entrusted with the responsibility of explaining to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) that guided my development of the company's compensation and benefit plan. I will specify economic factors I considered while coming up with the company's compensation and benefit packages, the manner in which they do so and the relative and absolute importance of each. Before coming up with a compensation and benefit scheme, it is imperative that matters pertaining employees' skill level, age, gender and minority and majority status are factored as they affect an individual's reward preferences and their view on what they contribute to an…

References List

Filer, R., Hammermesh, D., & Rees, A. (1996). The Economics of Work and Pay 6th ED., New

York: Harper Collins.

Landes, W.M. (1968). The Economics of Fair Employment Laws. Journal of Political

Economy, 76: 507-52.

Insurance for Nurses

Most of us probably see the issues of overtime and insurance as being entirely separate from each other. But for nurses, there is a clear connection between the two - one that is becoming clearer all of the time. Nurses have throughout the past decades found themselves working more and more hours, often being forced to take overtime shifts. This has resulted in a decreased quality of life for the nurses themselves and often results in poorer care for patients. One of the roles that nurses have always provided is the kind of extended personal care that patients need and that doctors cannot economically provide. This is being compromised by ever-increasing patient loads and by nurses who themselves are increasingly stressed.

So what has the issue of mandatory overtime to do with insurance? Quite a lot, actually. Nurses are being used more and more often to perform…

References

Hartnet, Johnette. (1993). Grief in the Workplace: Forty Hours Plus Overtime. Philadelphia: Good Mourning.

A www.ahealthyme.com www.aclu.org www.buildingbetterhealth.com www.calurse.org www.dhmh.sate.md.us www.newstimes.com www.nursingworld.org www.prairielaw.com www.qnv.org.au www.telegram.com www.vhihealthe.com

Yates, Michael. (1994) Longer Hours, Fewer Jobs: Employment and Unemployment in the United States. New York: Monthly Review Press.

A www.telegram.com www.calnurse.org www.qna.org.au www.nursingworld.org (www.mlis.state.md.us).

Insurance Agent for State Farm Insurance

Success as an independent insurance agent does not come easy. In this industry, success has largely got to do with hard work and an exceptional ability to handle occasional rejections. However, the benefits for those who succeed in this case are immense.

In my opinion, I would say that my success as an effective independent insurance agent for State Farm Insurance has largely been founded on not only my personal character but also my past achievements and business related experience. To begin with, I have always been a hard worker. I believe in the power of effort especially when it comes to getting things accomplished. Further, I would say I am rather talkative. I also regard myself an effective communicator. Effective communication skills are important in the insurance business largely due to the need to keep in constant contact with the public. In addition…

Q1.Why has the attractiveness of the pharmaceutical industry declined so much since the 1980’s? What are the implications of those changes in industry structure for firm strategy?
Despite the tremendous profits garnered by large pharmaceutical companies for so-called blockbuster drugs, pharmaceutical companies must make huge investments in R&D to produce profitable medications. The vast majority of drugs which are developed and tested never go to market. Additionally, once companies produce valuable drugs, they have a limited window on which to capitalize upon a drug’s profitability before its compounds can be sold in the form of a much cheaper generic. The FDA shortened the patient life of drugs from 11-12 years from 17-20, thus vastly reducing the financial ability of companies to cash in on valuable non-generics (Collis & Smith, 2007, p.5).
The industry structure also changed significantly, as more and more companies began to enter into the fray of developing…

Features of Third-Party Payers:

How reimbursement and coding affects the healthcare system

The healthcare services market is a very unique entity from the perspective of an economist. Unlike conventional markets, where consumers can very easily compare prices, patients face a very opaque market where costs are largely concealed from them. This is further complicated by the fact that the majority of consumers do not pay for their healthcare directly; rather this payment is mediated through third-party payers in the form of for-profit or not-for-profit private health insurance companies or, in the case of Medicaid and Medicare, state and federal agencies ("Chapter 3," n.d., p. 64). Some patients obtain their care through Health Management Organization (HMOs) and Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) (both of which usually created by insurance companies), which use a system of rationed services and gatekeeping to manage costs within their network. The theory is that by integrating preventative…

Reference

Chapter 3: Paying for health services. (n.d.). ACHE. Retrieved from:

 http://www.ache.org/pubs/PDF_Preface/Sample%20Gateway%20Chapter.pdf

We are also building relationships with suppliers at this stage, and those relationships need to proceed as smoothly as possible.

We will create economies of scale here in Kava. Doing so means stimulating local economies, which is ultimately in our best interest. For instance, a local transportation company will not only truck in raw materials for our company but for other companies on the island and possibly off the island too. Local service industries will grow as we bring in more people from around the globe. Thus as we grow in Kava, so too will unassociated companies that might indirectly benefit from our growth. The more we help community small business development in Kava, the more likely we are to succeed here in the long run.

Human Resources

Working with the government of Kava, we can have access to the country's great wealth of human resources. Recruiting students from high…

community rating in insurance?

Under which pricing system do insurers have an incentive to engage in preferred risk selection?"

Health insurance providers use the rating system to calculate the charge for their insurance. ating systems such as community rating and experience rating use difference statistical method to estimate the amount a given individual or a group will pay for the healthcare insurance. Using the rating system, health insurance providers have been able to determine the amount an individual or a group will pay for their insurance.

Experience rating is defined as the practice of setting a rate for an individual or a group based on the benefits paid on behalf of that group, and experience rating adjusts future premium based on benefit utilization and experience. In insurance, experience rating is based on the traditional insurance concept, which base the premium of a group individual on the probability of the loss…

References

Enthoven, A.C. (1980). Health Plan: The Practical Solution to the Soaring Cost of Medical Care. Beard Books. USA.

Feldstein, .P.J. (2011). Health Care Economics. Cengage Learning, USA.

Follmann, J.F. (1962). Experience Rating vs. Community Rating. The Journal of Insurance. 29,(3): 403-415.

Mahdavi, G. (2008). Adverse Selection vs. Advantageous Selection in Life Insurance Market. Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto.

Humana was founded in 1961, and was originally a nursing home company (Investor, 2013). David A. Jones, Sr. And Wendell Cherry were the founders (Investor, 2013). In the beginning, the company was called Extendicare (Investor, 2013). In the early 1970s the company moved into purchasing hospitals, and had become the largest hospital company in the world by the 1980s (Investor, 2013). In 1974 the Humana name was taken by the company, and in 1978 the size of the company was doubled because it took over American Medicorp (Investor, 2013). A fast-track plan was used throughout the 1970s, and during that time the company was opening one hospital every month (Investor, 2013). That is much faster than the norm for the industry, and Humana did something else very significant during that time. It developed a design for hospitals that used a double corridor instead of just a single one (Investor, 2013).…

References

Home Page. (2013). Humana. Retrieved from  https://www.humana.com/ .

Humana Annual Report. (2011). Humana.

Investor Relations. (2013). Humana. Retrieved from http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=92913&p=irol-irhome

Medicare Coverage. (2013). Humana. Retrieved from  http://www.humana-medicare.com/

Health Insurance Consumer Knowledge

Do most people know everything about their health insurance plans?

The two plans investigated for this assignment are Blue Cross Blue Shield and Humana, two of the most widely used and recognized health insurance companies in the United States.

Do you think that in general most people know everything about their health insurance plans?

The healthcare reform act of 2009 sought to make the healthcare system in the United States more navigable for Americans and to prevent health insurance companies from taking advantage of their customers. It seems, however, that the dense amount of legal and financial information embedding in the policies published by most companies is beyond the comprehension of most Americans (Gabel et al. 1987). Most people probably are aware of their emergency and primary care coverage but might not know about other less publicized and critical elements of insurance coverage plans which may…

Works Cited

Anthem. (2011)Anthem Connecticut Health Plans. Retrieved from:  http://www.anthem.com/health-insurance/plans-and-benefits/health-insurance-plan/CT 

J Gabel, C Jajich-Toth, K Williams, S Loughran and K. Haugh. (1987). "The commercial health insurance industry in transition" Health Affairs, 6, no.3:46-60

Humana. (2011). Individual Insurance Plans from Humana. Retrieved from:  http://www.humana.com/ individual_insurance/insurance_products/humanaone_medical_plans.aspx

United States Government. (2011). Healthcare.gov. Retrieved from: www.Healthcare.gov

Discount Scheme for Health Insurance

No Claim Discount (NCD) Schemes are Frequency-rating systems and are commonly used in insurance. NCD schemes represent an attempt to categorize policyholders into relatively homogeneous risk groups who pay premiums relative to their claims experience. Those who have made few claims in recent years are rewarded with discounts on their initial premium, and hence are enticed to stay with the company (Boland, 2006). Depending on the rules in the scheme, new policyholders may be required to pay the full premium initially and then will obtain discounts in the future as a result of claim free years. The general insurance actuary modeling an NCD scheme would frequently use Markov chain methods to investigate how premiums and movements take place over time.

No Claims Discount scheme is a form of frequency rating used in health insurance; the practice is to consider the number of years since the…

References

Boland, P.J. (2006). Statistical Methods in General Insurance. Dublin: National University of Ireland.

Denuit, M., Marechal, X., Pitrebois, S., & Walhin, J.-F. (2007). Actuarial Modeling of Claim Counts: Risk Classification, Credibility and Bonus-Malus Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons Limited.

MONETOS. (2012). No Claims Discount / NCD. Retrieved September 10, 2012, from www.monetos.co.uk: http://www.monetos.co.uk/insurance/car-insurance/cost/cutting/ncd/

Pinquet, J. (2012). Experience Rating in Non-Life Insurance. Paris: Universite Paris.

Under Anglo-American common law, Ungern-Sternberg (2004) reports that, "When a property has changed owner, it is quite possible that no insurer is liable for subsidence damage, even though it has been permanently insured. Many homeowners suffer from the illusion that their building insurance will automatically pick up the whole bill but some have found this an expensive pipe dream" (p. 49). In reality, when consumers purchase a new home, it is carefully inspected and all known faults are identified, but unknown faults are also inherited in the transaction (Ungern-Sternberg, 2004).

Consequently, the experiences of many homeowners to date have been encounters with previous policyholder's insurance company disavowing responsibility for such damage as well as the new insurance company that will argue the damages are the result of pre-existing conditions. This nebulous area of building insurance remains controversial, and Ungern-Sternberg (2004) emphasizes that the practice continues to adversely affect building purchasers.…

References

Are you fully insured? (2011, March). Society of Chartered Surveyors. Retrieved from  http://www.scsi.ie/publications/Downloadreport/hri2011 .

Black's law dictionary. (1991). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.

Bonato, D. & Zweifel, P. (2002). Information about multiple risks: the case of building and content insurance. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 69(4), 469-471.

Hoffman, a.V. (2003). House by house, block by block: The rebirth of America's urban neighborhoods. New York: Oxford University Press.

Marine Insurance

The concept of Marine insurance is something that has been developing at a fast rate of late. (Marine Insurance: Barlow, Lyde and Gilbert) What exactly is insurance and how long has the concept been recognized? Insurance can be defined as a form of provision of a safety net for the distribution of risks. This is generally made in the form of a financial provision that is meant to protect against losses that may occur due to certain unavoidable reasons. Insurance works like this: a person who wishes to insure an object or possession or belonging of his will pay a certain amount of money that has already been fixed by the insurance agent in order to offer the security of the money to distribute the risks when the insurer happens, by misfortune, to lose his possession or damage it because of an unavoidable reason. The insurer, by the…

References

Admiralty Law.com" Retrieved at http://www.admiraltylaw.com/papers/2000.htm. Accessed on 19 September, 2004

Averagium" Retrieved at http://harvey-ashby.co.uk/Averagium%20-%20Winter%202002.pdf. Accessed on 19 September, 2004

Commercial Hull" (2004) Retrieved at  http://www.veromarine.co.nz/dirvz/marine/marine.nsf/content/ProductsHullCommercialHullAccessed  on 19 September, 2004

English Marine Insurance Act 1906" Retrieved at  http://www.solarnavigator.net/english_marine_insurance_act_1906.htm . Accessed on 19 September, 2004

Another alternative for companies with uninsurable risks is mutualization. However, this category of insurance carries further risks that may not be suitable for all companies. The main problem is that mutual insurers require participants to be from a homogenous population, making this alternative unviable for a variety of clients. Some companies are however working on overcoming such problems to make mutualization less problematic for their investors.

Some insurance companies now recognize the main concern of organizations for cash flow in the event of a major loss. These insurers then offer such organizations solutions that guarantee cash flow in the form of a possible loan alternative, which is then to be repaid at a later time, when the company has mitigated its loss. Cash flow insurance can then be based upon income factors such as future royalties or rental income, that are generally not shown on current income statements.

Captives are…

To rebuild their image, the company would try a number of different strategies, none of which would prove to be successful. This would hurt the market share of Gap to the point that many analysts now believe that it may be advantageous to spin off the company's: Old Navy, anana Republic and Gap stores. What this shows, is how a company can begin to lose its way when it is not focused on adjusting to changes in consumer tastes and trends. In the case of Ann Taylor, they need to be aware of this hazard, as it can have an adverse impact on the long-term viability of their business. (Reingold)

A second challenge that Ann Taylor can be wrestling with is a lack of focus on the part of management. In this case, managers must understand the role that their decisions will have on their organization. Where, executives must clearly…

Bibliography

10Q. Ann Taylor, 2010. Print.

Ann Taylor Stores. Yahoo Finance, 2010. Web. 31 Oct. 2010

Ann Taylor Stores. Yahoo Finance, 2010. Web. 31 Oct. 2010

Ann Taylor Stores. Yahoo Finance, 2010. Web. 31 Oct. 2010

isk and Insurance Management

isk is believed to be a newly coined word of assurance (for example, Ewald, 1991: 198). One of the broadly shared suppositions regarding insurance is that it spins around an instrumental concept of risk. Possibility and the amount of influence make up a technical concept of hazard/risk and hazard administration is chiefly worried about reviewing these possibilities and influences (for an overview see Gratt, 1987). For instance, external profits of financial or political occurrences lay down thresholds for the availability of associated risk guesstimates or reckonings (Huber, 2002).

So, the range of the risk groups cannot be clarified by risk judgment single-handedly; peripheral circumstances that could be political, financial or inclusive of image, arts and manners, are also required to be taken into account. Therefore, if risks are not be present, per se, but are deliberately selected, we can go a step ahead and presume them…

References

Douglas, M. And Wildavsky, A. (1982) Risk and Culture. An Essay on the Selection of Technical and Environmental Dangers. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Evers, A. And Nowotny, H. (1987) Uber den Umgang mit Unsicherheit. Die Entdeckung der Gestaltbarkeit von Gesellschaft. Frankfurt / Main: Suhrkamp.

Ewald, F. (1991) 'Insurance and Risk' in Burchell, G., Gordon, C. And Miller, P. (eds.) The Foucault Effect: studies in governmentality . London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Gratt, L.B. (1987) 'Risk Analysis or Risk Assessment: a proposal for consistent definitions' in Covello, V. And Lave, L. (eds.) Uncertainty in Risk Assessment, Risk Management and Decision Making, Advances in Risk Analysis (4). New York: Plenum Press.

Title insurance covers both the buyer and the mortgage company from a number of defects in title. The many benefits of title insurance includes better protection than a lawyer's opinion, at a similar price, piece of mind, and protection from unforseen claims on title. However, title insurance can have some disadvantages, including a slightly higher cost than a lawyer's opinion. Title insurance enables constructive notice, and is useful to reduce workload and liability in a legal environment.

Title Insurance is simply an insurance product like many others. In the simplest possible terms, the insured pays money (a premium) to an insurance company in exchange for an insurance policy that quarantines that the insured has a valid, marketable title to the insured property.

Title insurance does not absolve the insured (or at least the insured's layers) from needing to conduct a number of title searches, as specified by the insurer. However,…

Works Cited

California Land Title Association.

Bulletin 03/04-26, September 2, 2003. CLTA News

Express. 21 http://www.clta.org/News/NewsExpress/bull0304-26_LatestLegalDevelopments.htm

Eyton-Jones, Charles. How we work - Questions and Answers. 21 November 2003. http://www.my14law.com/howwework.html

Medical Companies

How do these companies provide care?

Aetna provides care by being a health insurance company that offers a range of services in the field of medical, pharmaceutical, dental, behavioral group, long-term care, and plans for those who are disabled. Humana is also a health insurance company that offers its services in numerous states. United Health Group operates two businesses, known as United Healthcare and Optum, and similar to the two aforementioned companies, it offers health insurance to individuals, which includes seniors.

What types of plans do they have?

Aetna offers various types of plans under its various insurance, which as mentioned before, include medical, dental, vision, medicare, disability, pharmacy, life, student, behavioral health, health expense funds, and wellness products and discounts. Under medical insurance, a person can get a quote via state, which may include individual HMO health benefits plan or QPOS individual advantage health benefits and health…

References

Aetna - Health Insurance, Dental, Pharmacy, Group Life and Disability Insurance. (n.d.). Aetna - Health Insurance, Dental, Pharmacy, Group Life and Disability Insurance. Retrieved December 19, 2011, from  http://www.aetna.com 

HUMANA - Guidance when you need it most. (n.d.). HUMANA - Guidance when you need it most. Retrieved December 19, 2011, from  http://www.humana.com/ 

UnitedHealth Group - Featured News - Products & Services. (n.d.). UnitedHealth Group - Featured News - Products & Services. Retrieved December 19, 2011, from  http://www.unitedhealthgroup.com

functions should be outsourced at your company (Insurance Company), how and why?

Which principles of elimination of waste and lean supply chain can you apply at your company (Insurance Company)? How and why?

Outsourcing and Lean Supply Chain Management for Insurance

The insurance industry provides an interesting test case for whether outsourcing and traditional supply-chain strategy can work for a product that is not a manufactured good at any stage. Even compared to the software or financial industries, insurance products are "virtual" and participate in few of the traditional supply-chain dynamics. However, certain patterns that obtain in manufacturing also apply to insurance, such as the "bullwhip effect" and the usefulness of outsourcing segments of the decision tree (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2005). In particular, claims processing outsourcing has been a tremendous cost saver for medical and personal insurance. I will discuss this development, and strategic capacity management as it impacts…

References

Chase, R., Jacobs, F.R., & Aquilano, N. (2005). Operations Management for Competitive Advantage. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Mayer, M., John, D., & Carafano, J. (2009). Principles for Reform of Catastrophic Natural Disaster Insurance. Heritage Foundation White Papers, Backgrounder #2256.

ValueNotes Database (2006). Insurance Outsourcing: India Gains Momentum as Offshoring Intensifies. SourcingMag.com, accessed March 5, 2011.  http://www.sourcingmag.com/content/c061127a.asp

In an ideal world, every single person would be able to afford the medical care and attention they need throughout their lifespan. The Affordable Care Act, colloquially called Obamacare, set as its goal eventual universal healthcare coverage. Unfortunately, Obamacare has not promoted the ultimate goal of providing affordable healthcare for all Americans. Mandating healthcare insurance does help reduce disparities in access to affordable and necessary interventions, tests, and treatments. As idealistic as Obamacare is, the policy has not reduced the costs of healthcare but it does represent a step in the right direction towards distinguishing between the profit motive in healthcare insurance and the ethical obligation to create a more caring and egalitarian society.
The Affordable Care Act used mandated insurance coverage as its main policy initiative for several reasons, both fiscal and humanitarian. As Gruber (2012) points out, about 12 million employed Americans were not receiving coverage from their…

" Of these respondents, over 50% of them stated that they lack a disaster recovery plan (Anthes, 1998). However, most of the problems stem from the lack of communication at the corporate level. (Hawkins, et al., 2000).

Business Continuity Plans (BCP) and other forms of strategic planning are no longer a luxury, but a must-have factor and an important element of any organisation's risk management system. Organisations are increasingly dependent upon it systems and infrastructure and eventually subjected to many risks, so business is inherently risky. How long can your organisation afford system downtime? How long does it take to recover a disaster; and, what does it cost? These kinds of questions are the ones that have to be addressed for BCPs. Also important, however, is using strategic planning to look toward the future and determine where a business wants to be at a specific point, so that plans to…

References

Theoretical

Bolman, LG & Deal, TE (1997). Reframing Organisations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership, 2nd ed, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Bowden, P (1985). Organisation and Strategy, McGraw-Hill, Roseville.

Byrne, JA. (1996, August 26). Strategic Planning. BusinessWeek.  http://www.businessweek.com/1996/35/b34901.htm .

While the first chapter was brief, it is important to explain what will be studied and then move forward into the literature review.

In Chapter 2, the literature review provides a review of academic literature by way of journals and textbooks. This information is placed into separate sections which allow for ease of understanding. An introduction is made to capital structure, and information is given on the Indian capital structure specifically.

Chapter 3, the data methodology, provides the methodology that was used for the data. The reasons behind the methodology and what was studied are both discussed.

Chapter 4, data analysis and findings, is the chapter in which the results of the data analysis are presented.

Chapter 5, the conclusion, provides not only a conclusion to the research that was conducted in this paper but questions that are left and areas for further research in the future.

Literature Review

The…

Bibliography

Baral, K.J. (2004). 'Determinants of Capital Structure: A Case Study of Listed Companies of Nepal'. The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies, Vol. 1(1).

Baral, K.J. (2004). 'Determinants of capital structure: A case study of listed'. The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies, Vol. 1(1).

Bauer, P. (2004). 'Determinants of Capital Structure Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic'. Czech Journal of Economics and Finance .

Bellalah, M. & Wu, Z (2009). "An intertemporal capital asset pricing model under incomplete information." International Journal of Business. 1st January 2009. Downloaded from  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-192485625.html  as at 17th September 2009.

Yet, today, they sell only about 47% and this market share loss has accelerated over the past decade (Sullivan, 2008). The major issue, according to Sullivan, is the inability of the ig Three to effectively compete with their more efficient and market savvy Japanese rivals, even on their home turf. Opponents of the auto industry bailout feel that placing more money into a failed business strategy makes no sense and that everyone is better off if the free market, not the federal government, choose the winners and the losers in the economy (Moran, 2008). The end result of the auto bailout could well result in a return to protectionism which could unfairly impact other American industries' ability to compete in a global market. A policy analyst at the German-Marshall Fund voices a common concern that a bailout of the auto industry has the potential "to be the torch that lights…

Bibliography

Abouhalkah, Yael T. "The Big Three Bailout vs. Big Bank Handouts for AIG, CitiGroup." Kansas City Star 4 Dec. 2008. http://voices.kansascity.com/node/2983

"1979 Chrysler Bailout Holds Lessons" The Washington Times 24 Nov. 2008.  http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/nov/24/1979-chrysler-bailout-holds-lessons/ 

Grossman, Andrew M. And Gattuso, James L. "TARP: Now a Slush Fund for Detroit?" 12 Dec. 2008.  http://www.heritage.org/Research/Economy/wm2170.cfm#_ftn2 

Kiley, David. "Auto Bailout Hung Up in the Senate." BusinessWeek 10 Dec. 2008.  http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/dec2008/db20081210_152585.htm

Despite the company's name Horace Hagedorn and his family controlled the business. By 1995, Miracle-Gro became America's leading brand name in gardening.

The Hagedorn family emerged as Scotts' leading shareholders, holding over one-third of the stock. In 1996, CEO Theodore Host was ousted by Horace Hagedorn and the Scotts' board of directors. Host was replaced by Charles M. Berger, a former Miracle-Gro director, who was also made president and chairman of the board of Scotts. Horace Hagedorn's son, James, was promoted to the head of all U.S. business.

Other Risks

In recent years Scotts has been aggressively expanding its LawnService business and has began to explore the possibility of expanding its brands into other segments such as potted plants, pottery, watering equipment and garden tools. The threat of EPA suits brought against the company by large governmental entities is very real and diversification is important to steady the high risk…

Works Cited

Corporate Watch, Scotts: A Corporate Profile. 2006. Website http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/?lid=367.

Cuomo, Andrew. The Secret Hazards of Pesticides. Office of the New York State Attorney General, Environmental Protection Bureau, (Audit Report E1EPF1-05-0117-1100378, Sept. 27, 1991) 1996.

Pederson, J.P. The Scotts Company, International Directory of Company Histories, 22:474-476. 1998.

AFLAC 100 companies work . We investigate firm's human resource polices discuss special organization. What H polices make excellent place work ? Identify discuss .

Human esources Policies

Human resources represent the most important resource that companies can use. The value they contribute with to the products and services of the company allows them to create competitive advantage and determines their success. In other words, companies' activity depends on the human resources they recruit, select, train, motivate, and manage. In order for the personnel to perform on high quality standards, it is important to develop and implement proper human resources strategies. These strategies must be based on identifying the type of personnel of each company, their needs, their stimuli, and to develop techniques that are able to motivate them into improving their work.

The policies in different companies regarding their human resources vary in accordance with the size of the…

Reference list:

1. Shen, L. (2009). Aflac Profit Rises 20% on Japanese Currency Strength. Bloomberg. Retrieved March 2, 2011 from  http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstory&refer=conews&tkr=AFL:U.S.&sid=aAKpYxJb6IRU .

2. Jackson, S. et al. (2009). Managing Human Resources. Cengage Learning. Retrieved March 3, 2011 from  http://books.google.ro/books?id=gpimdMwZuwsC&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=implications+for+hr+policies&source=bl&ots=c7k_i7AnIf&sig=bWBkub9KU05FchNeXc4lerdxB9c&hl=ro#v=onepage&q=implications%20for%20hr%20policies&f=false .

3. Our Approach to Social Responsibility (2011). Nordstrom. Retrieved March 3, 2011 from  http://shop.nordstrom.com/c/nordstrom-cares-approach .

4. Strategic Partnering Puts Aflac HR at the Business Table (2005). HR. Retrieved March 3, 2011 from  http://www.hr.com/en/communities/organizational_development/strategic-partnering-puts-aflac-hr-at-the-business_ead38odr.html .

They include the Investment Corporation, company employees, and institutional investors.

Apart from a handful of firms, the articles provide inadequate or incomplete information in their prospectuses. I can acquire essential data for purposes of my estimation in my research. The magnitude of under-pricing is estimated at different levels in the secondary markets. For all the articles, the degree of under-pricing appears to be high than the degree of average pricing at different intervals. When an IPO is selling as per the premium public information, it implies that there will be a high demand for its shares and initial allotment in the secondary market. Clearly, these articles will be of utter importance in the course of my research study (Quayes & Hasan, 2008).

These articles provide an empirical base for my research in the markets for new IPOs in Tokyo, Shanghai, New York, and London. The articles have used different samples…

References

Dharmapala, D. & Desai, M. (2010). Do strong fences make strong neighbors? 63(4 part 1), 723-740

Quayes, S. & Hasan, T. (2008). Does dual listing affect underpricing of initial public offering? Evidence from Bangladesh capital market. 4 (5-8).

Ramchand, L., Chaplinsky, S. & Bruner, R. (2009). U.S.-Bound IPOs: issue costs and selective entry. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Berkshire Hathaway is one of the most interesting cases of successful investments. Under the inspirational leadership of Warren Buffett, the company's evolution is a great object of study for both scholars and investors. This paper aims at pointing out the key points in Berkshire's history, Buffett's influence, how the company's structure was built, what is its current financial status and whether an investor should consider buying its stock.

In a 1999 article from Business Week, Warren Buffett, the force behind the Berkshire Hathaway Business, was described as follows: "If Buffett had a business card, it would identify him as chairman and chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. But he is far better known -- indeed, world-famous -- as the greatest stock market investor of modern times. The figures, though often cited, still astound: Had you put $10,000 into Berkshire when Buffett bought control of it in 1965, you'd have $51…

Reference:

1.Mergent online financial information service www.mergent.com

2. Gale online financial information service www.hoovers.com

3. Bianco, Anthony, "Warren the Buffett You Don'tknow; Ace stockpicker, of course -- and now, an empire-builder" Business Week. New York: July 5, 1999., Iss. 3636; pg. 54

4. Berkshire Hathaway's history -- part 1 and 2

Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), previously the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), that by the time 2011, health care expenditure will arrive at $2.8 trillion, as well as it will bill for 17% of the Gross Domestic Product. As a result, it is no revelation that white-collar offenders observe health care deception as a rewarding effort. Certainly, the General Accounting Office ("GAO") quotes that such deception accounts for up to 10% of entire health care expense (3).

As health care deception outlays taxpayers almost $100 billion a year, federal, as well as state agencies have given health care fraud tribunal a key center of attention. All through her term, Attorney General Janet Reno made impeaching health care fraud a top precedence at the Department of Justice ("DOJ"), subsequent only to brutal offenses (3).

The government focuses its pains to perceive, as well as take legal action against health care fraud…

Bibliography

(1) Adelaide Few & Jay Trezevant, Fighting the Battle Against Health Care Fraud & Federal Enforcement Actions, 72 FLA. B.J. 34, 34-6 (1998)

(2) Alice A. Love, Leniency Offered Health Care Providers that Admit Federal Fraud, S.D. Union Trib., Oct. 22, 1998

(3) Andy Bunds, The results of the Health Insurance Regulations on Health Care Fraud and Abuse, 72 Mont L. Rev. 63, 72 (2001)

(4) Brian A. Kaset, Sailing Without Safe Harbors: Physician Recruitment and the Law of Fraud and Abuse, 9 Healths Span. 9, 9 (1992)

Affordable Health Insurance

The Need for State Participation in Health Care Insurance Exchanges to Provide for Affordable Health Care for Millions of Americans in Need

In the United States, we have basic rights to life and liberty. Yet, many major health care companies are infringing on those rights because they are exploiting health care insurance rates, which has left millions of Americans either underinsured or not insured all together. This puts their lives directly at risk with limited access to essential care. In order to best provide for their uninsured or underinsured citizens, states need to work with the regulations of the Affordable Care Act and open up exchanges to provide for affordable health insurance to the millions of Americans who are currently in need under the ineffective system that is operating today.

In the current situation, there is a lack of affordable health insurance options.

Moreover, health insurance companies…

References

Health Care for America Now. (2009). Health Insurance Company Abuses: How the Relentless Drive for Profit Endangers Americans. Web. Retrieved November 26, 2012 from  http://hcfan.3cdn.net/48b73f19dac6bc9fa7_vzm6iijoh.pdf 

Paddock, Catherine. (2007). 47 million Americans without health insurance, census report. Medical News Today. Web. Retrieved November 26, 2012 from  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80897.php 

State of California. (2012). Stakeholders. California Benefit Exchange. Web. Retrieved November 26, 2012 from  http://www.healthexchange.ca.gov/StakeHolders/Pages/Default.aspx 

The White House. (2012). Affordable Care Act: The New Health Care Law at Two Years. Care Act. Web. Retrieved November 26, 2012 from  http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/careact.pdf

Commercial Insurance, Medicaid, and MEDICARE

Commercial health insurance provides coverage to individual's medical expenses and groups. An example of individual medical expenses is private health insurance whereas an example of group health insurance is employer group health insurance. However, these insurance programs have varying premiums and benefits depending on the specific kind of plan. Moreover, individual private health insurance plans are usually more costly than group health insurance. There are several commercial insurance companies and plans that offer health insurance to individuals and groups such as Aetna and TRICARE respectively. Aetna is a group of TriWest Healthcare Alliance and Blue plans that differs from TRICARE insurance plans.

One of the similarities between Aetna and TRICARE is their purpose of providing health insurance to individuals and groups. Similar to TRICARE, one of the products and services provided by Aetna is health insurance coverage at low, reasonable prices. However, the commercial insurance…

Liberty Mutual.

Evaluate their product mix, features, prices, distribution and financial performance information

• Identify 2 strengths and two weaknesses for each brand

• Recommend at least two ways that Liberty Mutual can improve sales and profitability for its car insurance business.

Please could you add another weakness for Geico

Expand more in Liberty Mutual

Add and compare prices for both.

And include features

Auto insurance isn't the easiest thing to understand and when choosing which insurance to go to, it is hard to find which company is best suited for you. Geico and Liberty Mutual are two of the biggest names in insurance. Both companies are widely trusted. In order for one to pick an insurance to go with you must evaluate their features, product mix, discounts, services and customer rating that benefits and matters most to you.

Geico

GEICO was founded in 1936 and is the second-largest private…

Polish Companies Reacted to Ethical Issues and Changes in usiness Standards Since the Fall of Communism in 1989?

Poland's Economy Pre-Communism's Fall

Poland's Natural Resources

Minerals and Fuels

Agricultural Resources

Labor Force

The Polish Economy Under Communism

System Structure

Development Strategy

The Centrally-Planned Economy

Establishing the Planning Formula

Retrenchment and Adjustment in the 1960s

Reliance on Technology in the 1970s

Reform Failure in the 1980s

Poland's Economy After the Fall of Communism

Poland After the Fall of Communism

Fall of Communism

Marketization and Stabilization

Required Short-Term Changes

Section 2.3.2. The Shock Strategy

Section 2.3.3. Initial Results

Section 2.3.4. Long-Term Requirements

Section 2.4. Macroeconomic Indicators for 1990-91

Section 2.4.1. Price Increases

Section 2.4.2. Impact on Productivity and Wages

Section 2.4.3. Statistical Distortions

Section 2.4.4. Agricultural Imbalances

Section 2.4.5. Causes of Decline

Section 2.5.The Polish Post-Communism Privatization Process

Section 2.6. Structure of Poland's Economy: Post-Communism

Section 2.6.1. Fuels and Energy

Section 2.6.2.…

Bibliography

Bowie E. (1999) Business Ethics a Kantian Perspective Oxford: Blackwell

Ciszewska B. (1998) Unethical behaviour Warszawa: Rzeczpospolita

Cryssides G.D.; Kaler J.H. (1999) Introduction to the ethics of business. Warszawa: PWN

Davies W.F. (1997) Current issues in business ethics London: Routledge

HCC Life Insurance vs. Coventry

Purpose of the INSUANCE COMPANY: The purpose of HCC Life Insurance Company is to provide Short-Term Health Insurance for a period of six months. Applicants must reapply for a policy every six months. The purpose of Coventry Health Care of South Florida is to provide Health Insurance that fulfills the Patient and Affordable Care Act (Coventry, 2015). It provides insurance for a period of 12 months, after which the insured must reapply for a new policy.

Benefits offered: Urgent Care, Hospital oom and Board, Local Ambulance, Intensive Care, Physical Therapy, Mental and Nervous Disorders, Home Health Care, Extended Care. Primary Care, Specialist Care, Other Practitioner Care, Preventive Care, Screening, Immunizations, Diagnostic Tests, Imaging, Drugs, Facility Fees (Outpatients and Hospitals), Surgeon/Physician Fees, Emergency oom Services, Emergency Medical Transportation, Urgent Care, Mental Behavior Health, Substance Use Disorders, Prenatal and Postnatal Pregnancy Care, Home Health Care, ehabilitative Services,…

References

Coventry Health Care. (2015). Federal health care reform. http://www.coventryhealthcare.com Retrieved from http://www.coventryhealthcare.com/federal-health-care-reform/index.htm

HCC Medical Insurance Services. (2015). Short-term medical insurance.  http://www.hccmis.com  Retrieved from

Meanwhile, without any competition, such as n the form of a public healthcare insurance system, the private healthcare insurance industry also continually increases premium fees virtually at will (Kennedy, 2006; eid, 2009). Furthermore, by refusing policies to high-risk patients, private health insurers essentially "cherry pick" the lowest risk patients while leaving the most expensive medical services to be furnished at the public's expense by public funds available to provide healthcare for low-income individuals (Kennedy, 2006; eid, 2009). That is why, at the very least. The future of American healthcare insurance must include a public option (Kennedy, 2006).

The Issue of Government Healthcare Insurance Lobbying

The principal way that the private healthcare insurance industry maintains its control over American healthcare is through political lobbying of government representatives (Kennedy, 2006). In fact, there are approximately six healthcare industry lobbyists in Washington for every publicly elected representative. Throughout the 2009 negotiations in Washington…

References

Kennedy, E. (2006). America: Back on Track. Viking: New York.

Reid, T. (2009). The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care. New York: Penguin Group.

Turning the Tide on Insurance Rates: Issues to Consider

Whereas it may seem that utilizing credit reports is a fair and effective method of determining rate structures for potential consumers, it may have some drawbacks that prove to be very costly. According to the Conning & Company study, auto insurers now employ credit scores as an accurate predictor of a person's risk profile and subsequent driving acumen. Although a person's budgetary history may shed some light on his/her spending habits, there is no direct correlation to that person's driving record and his/her chance of making a claim. In lieu of a distinct and direct causative link between credit history and auto insurance risk, auto insurers must take the following factors into consideration: age at the onset of credit history and a built-in institutional bias based on race and culture.

In contemporary America, more than half of all college-aged students possess…

EM

There are several criteria by which the company can establish acceptability for the eCube system of EM that is available from Fresenius. The first stakeholder group consists of the patients, who will benefit from the enhanced functionality that comes from the eCube system, in particular the superior health outcomes that come from having accurate medical histories available to physicians and other practitioners while they are working with the patient. Management must strike a balance between business objectives and patient outcomes, and therefore there are multiple different acceptability measures that are possible, both based on profit and patient outcomes. Management will also want to know that the system is relatively easy to install, that there is training available from the vendor for the staff, and that the vendor will deliver full support of the system if there are any problems.

Another stakeholder group consists of the owners/shareholders of the health…

References:

Jena, A., Seabury, S., Lakdawalla, D. & Chandra, A. (2011). Malpractice risk according to physician specialty. New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 365 (7) 629-636.

Kalathil, R. (2011). Data management: New products: eCube combines clinical and billing applications. Neprhology News & Issues. Retrieved November 6, 2013 from  http://www.nephrologynews.com/articles/data-management-new-products-ecube-combines-clinical-and-billing-applications 

Self, D. & Schraeder, M. (2009). Enhancing the success of organizational change: Matching readiness strategies with sources of resistance. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal. Vol. 30 (2) 167-182.

You paid for a single page speech. This company writes 275 words per page. You received a document of 313 words--more than you were allotted--with examples in the first two paragraphs.
If you want more examples, more points, and some format which you did not specify in the additional instructions, I suggest you contact the administration about additional pages for this assignment, or purchase a new order.
New instructions, such as this format you\\\\\\\'re now talking about and which wasn\\\\\\\'t in the original instructions, require a new order or additional pages.
Patient and Affordable Care
Opener: I know people whose health care insurance rates tripled in 2014, when all the components of the Patient and Affordable Care Act were enacted into law. It is worth noting that one person in particular (my neighbor) was in perfect health, had no pre-existing conditions, and had not even utilized his health care plan…

For instance, any retraining measures should focus primarily on the Medical Provider Network and the Independent Medical Evaluator as these issues will be where a majority of client questions will come in. When a potential client calls with a question regarding getting medical treatment for a work injury, a staff member must be capable of both providing accurate information and in convincing the caller that professional legal services are needed. To do this, all staff involved in the workers' compensation process must be trained on the new rules and policies and procedures of Senate ill 899.

Penalties for Noncompliance

In order to limit corruption and profiting from the system, Senate ill 899 has included strict compliance regulations and stiff penalties for noncompliance. Thus, staff training becomes even more important. Training a legal assistant or associate attorney in compliance and giving them the job of compliance assurance will be beneficial as…

Bibliography

California Division of Workers' Compensation. (2005): "Workers' Compensation Reforms Under Senate Bill 899: First Annual Report of Progress. www.dir.ca.gov/dwc/SB899/SB899Review2005.pdf.

Nuckols, Teryl K. And Barbara O. Wynn. (2005): Evaluating Medical Treatment Guideline Sets for Injured workers in California. RAND Corporation.

Pace, Nicholas, Galway, Lionel and Robert Reville. (2003): Improving Dispute Resolution for California's Injured Workers. RAND Corporation.

Peterson, Mark a., Berth, Peter S., Reville, Robert T. And Rachel K. Stern. (2005): Compensating Permanent WorkPlace Injuries: A Study of the California System. RAND Corporation.

Forming a ank Holding Company - Structure, Governance, and Regulations

Understanding anks

Forming and Expanding a ank Holding Company

Financial Holding Company Requirements

HC Regulations

Capital uilding Options for ank Holding Companies

Pros and Cons of Forming a ank Holding Company

Stocks and Governance

Corporate Governance and anking Law

The Role of ank and Holding Company Audit Committees

Data Gathering Method

Database of Study

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Forming a ank Holding Company - Structure, Governance, and Regulations

This research paper describes the process of forming a bank holding company in the United States. The behavior of a bank holding company is strongly linked to the success of the banks it holds. Therefore, if business leaders can pinpoint how to set up a successful holding structure, they may have a better chance of successfully progressing their business.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Over the past few decades,…

Bibliography

Adams, Renee. Mehran, Hamid. (April 2003). Is Corporate Governance Different for Bank Holding Companies? Economic Policy Review, Volume 9, Number 1.

Bankers Online. (2003). Regulation Y. Retrieved from the Internet at  http://www.bankersonline.com/regs/225/225-82.html .

Baxter, Thomas. (March, 2003). Governing the Financial or Bank Holding Company: How Legal Infrastructure Can Facilitate Consolidated Risk Management. Federal Reserve Bank of New York: March 2003, Volume 9, Number 3.

Clodfelter, Mark. (February 27, 2003). U.S. Department of State.

Cross Cultural elations

Cultural influences perceptions about gender roles in a number of ways. The first is through socialization. Being in a culture one sees how gender roles are typically manifested in that culture, and one thus will tend to adopt similar views. The structure of the culture is therefore highly influential simply because being in a culture leads one to adopt the gender roles in that culture (no author, 2015).

The second method is through enforcement. People in a culture will learn gender roles when those roles are enforced. People in positions of authority (parents, teachers, etc.) will specifically enforce gender roles on children in a society in the sense that when somebody steps out of the norms for that society, there will typically be negative consequences. Similarly, there are usually positive consequences for people who follow gender norms in a society most closely. Enforcement is not only through…

References

No author (2015). Gender and sociology. Boundless.com. Retrieved November 1, 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/gender-and-sexuality-15/gender-414/gender-and-sociology-296-12831/

Assessing the ability of these individuals to perform basic tasks in their daily lives can also have much significance (Marshall, Warren, Hand, Xie, & Stumbo, 2002). Many older Americans are able to feed and clothe themselves without apparent problems, but others are not as fortunate (Marshall, Warren, Hand, Xie, & Stumbo, 2002). If they are unable to do these things correctly without help, their nutritional status will often suffer (Marshall, Warren, Hand, Xie, & Stumbo, 2002). Patients who are older should be assessed for their ability to do these simple tasks, and also for their ability to perform slightly more complex tasks such as fixing their own meals, cleaning their house, and balancing their checkbook (Marshall, Warren, Hand, Xie, & Stumbo, 2002). Sometimes cognitive impairment will lead to a lack of nutrition, and when this is the case, it often shows up in forgetfulness and an inability to perform even…

Bibliography

Bartholomew LK, Parcel GS, Kok G, & Gottlieb NH. 2001. Intervention Mapping: Designing Theory and Evidence-Based Health Promotion Programs. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company.

Collinsworth, R., & Boyle, K. 1989. Nutritional assessment in the elderly. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 15(12): 17-21.

Gambrell, K.A. 2003. White House rolls out Medicare reform plan. United Press International.

Industry Group 91, 2000. President Clinton releases new state-by-state report demonstrating urgent need for Medicare reform. Regulatory Intelligence Data.

Economics

Total revenue represents all the company income. Total revenue is calculated by multiplying the price of products with the quantity sold. Typically, total revenue is calculated as follows:

Total revenue = price x quantity

Where price (P) and quantity (Q).

Total revenue=PxQ

As being revealed in Table 1, total revenue is calculated by multiplying price with quantity, when firm produces 2 quantities of goods, firm's total revenue is $10, however, when a firm produces 3 quantities of goods, its total revenue is $15.

Marginal revenue is an additional revenue that a firm generates when a firm sells additional unit of output. The marginal revenue plays an important role in the perfectly competitive firm where a perfectly competitive firm maximizes its profit when marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. The formula used to calculate marginal revenue is:

Marginal revenue= Change in total revenue/Change quantity.

The average revenue is calculated…

References

Aderton, (1977).Economics. Pearson Education

Sloman, A and Sutcliffe, M (2004). Economics for Business. Prentice Hall.

These claims are virtually all based on the concept that corporations - particularly multinationals -- should be held accountable for their actions within their sphere of operations. "Corporations, for their part, have responded in numerous ways, from denying any duties in the area of human rights to accepting voluntary codes that could constrain their behavior" (atner, 2001, p. 436). In fact, this very point is echoed throughout the literature; for example, "At the turn of the 20th century, corporations tended to disregard the public interest willy-nilly. And even as recently as one-half century ago, corporations had so much power over the marketplace and so little responsibility to society" (Sriramesh & Vercic, 2003, p. 450). Despite these trends, things are changing, though, as atner points out: "The last decade has witnessed a striking new phenomenon in strategies to protect human rights: a shift by global actors concerned about human rights from…

References

Blackburn, V.L., Doran, M., & Shrader, C.B. (1994). Investigating the dimensions of social responsibility and the consequences for corporate financial performance. Journal of Managerial Issues, 6(2), 195.

Cable, V. (1995). The diminished nation-state: A study in the loss of economic power. Daedalus, 124(2), 23.

Casmir, F.L. (1997). Ethics in intercultural and international communication. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Dalton, D.R., & Metzger, M.B. (1996). Seeing the elephant: An organizational perspective on corporate moral agency. American Business Law Journal, 33(4), 489-576.

Lay Offs

The business environment in much of the world has become difficult because of the economic downturn that has dragged on for more than three years now. It was a matter of course that when the economy began losing serious ground in 2008, that it would recover due to the ingenuity of American companies and the promise of governmental intervention. Unfortunately, this has not been the case. The downturn has continued, and even though there are signs that it may be getting better, people are skeptical since this has been trumpeted many times by hopeful economic gurus and gullible politicians. Because the recovery does not seem immediately imminent, companies have been forced, for the last three or more years, to find ways to remain profitable. Among the methods used is that of trimming the workforce needed to make sure that the company itself can stay in business. However, this…

Works Cited

Armstrong-Stassen, Marjorie, and Francine Schlosser. "Taking a Positive Approach to Organizational Downsizing." Canadian Journal of Administrative Services 25.2 (2008): 93-103. Print.

Gandolfi, Franco. "Reflecting on Downsizing: What have Managers Learned?" SAM Advanced Management Journal 73.2 (2008): 46-62. Print.

Gandolfi, Franco, and Gary Oster. "Sustaining Innovation during Corporate Downsizing." SAM Advanced Management Journal 74.2 (2009): 42-57. Print.

Levitt, Kenneth, Terry Wilson, and Edna Gilligan. "Corporate Downsizing: An Examination of Survivors." Journal of Global Business Issues 2.2 (2008): 13-20. Print.

company's investment success especially in relation to other companies. The paper aims at establishing how a company's competitiveness can be calculated in relation to others in the same industry and the factors that hinder the calculations or hinder a true picture of the same

Compare industry average and a main competitor

For convenient comparison of industry average, majority of companies place Industry average values next to a company's financial measures for convenient comparison. To get a clear picture, a company can obtain industry average from its competitor by carefully examining (its competitors) stock screen results. (Gray, 2004)

However it is notable that various industries have their peculiarities with some operating under very heavy debts which would companies in other industries. For instance, software companies enjoy high profit margins that other companies envy and that all software companies must attain to stay in the game.

For that case, to see whether…

Works Cited

Gray, A. (2004) Introduction to Marketing, 7th Edition, New York, Prentice Hall

Riahi, A. (2003) The Capital Structure Paradigm: Evolution of Debt? Equity Choices; New York, Praeger

Riahi, A. (1999) Capital Structure: Determination, Evaluation and Accounting

Titman, S (1988) Journal of Finance, Volume 43, Issue: 1, Publisher: American Finance Association; Blackwell publishing

e sure to include a description of all four basic financial statements.

The Home Depot provides four basic financial statements:

1) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT of EARNINGS (indicates how revenue is transformed into net income to show if the company made or lost money during the period being reported)

2) CONSOLIDATED ALANCE SHEET (a summary of the value of all assets, liabilities and ownership equity on a specific date)

3) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT of STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY and COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (summarize the changes in the components of stockholders' equity for a period of time)

4) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT of CASH FLOWS (shows a company's incoming and outgoing money (sources and uses of cash) during a time period)

The only footnote explains that Fiscal years ended January 28, 2007, January 29, 2006 and January 30, 2005 include 52 weeks. However, there is a summary of significant accounting policies included as a supplement that includes: usiness, Consolidation…

Bibliography

Home Depot 2006 Annual Report.  http://ir.homedepot.com/downloads/HD_2006_AR.pdf