Jfk Essays (Examples)

JFK's Leadership

As that of any successful leader, Kennedy's leadership style is a complex combination of different qualities and characteristics. This paper will analyze several of them, as well as the leadership profile overall, with the purpose of understanding what made Kennedy an effective leader and whether this was indeed the case.

Hald-Mortensen (2007) looks at three different areas where Kennedy excelled and that contributed to making Kennedy an effective leader: vision, decision making and delegation. He points out, first of all, that Kennedy had vision, something essential for an effective leader. In practical terms, vision meant that he knew where the U.S. should end up in the future and molded his policy accordingly.

One such example of a clear vision for Kennedy was the space program and the Moon Project. The space program involved not only the vision that competition for the outer space would be the next area…

Bibliography

1. Barnes, John A. (2005). John F. Kennedy on Leadership: The Lessons and Legacy of a President. AMACOM

2. Hald-Mortensen, Christian, (2007). John F. Kennedy -- Leadership Qualities That Moved A Nation. Graduate Faculty of Graduate School of Public and International Affairs.

3. Sabato, Larry, (2013). Lead like John F. Kennedy. The Washington Post.

Various versions of the conspiracy theories link the purported involvement of Giancana with Castro, Giancana with the CIA, and Oswald to one or the other, or to both. Finally, other conspiracy theories even linked then Vice

President Lyndon B. Johnson to the assassination plot, at least in terms of having been made aware of the operation in advance if not necessarily as a co-conspirator (Galanor,

1998).

Several specific individuals later emerged, providing information of their claimed involvement in the assassination conspiracy, including James Files and David Morales

(Benson, 1998). Files was linked to both the CIA after working as a former covert military operative in Laos as well as to organized crime through his association with Charles Nicoletti, a Mafia hitman operating in the Illinois area. Files specifically claimed to have been recruited by Nicoletti to act as a backup shooter positioned in the vicinity of the grassy knoll and…

References

Benson, M. (1998). Who's Who in the JFK Assassination: An a to Z. Encyclopedia.

New York: Citadel.

Galanor, S. (1998). Cover-Up. New York: Kestrel Books.

The President's Commission on the Assassination. (1992). The Warren Commission

American President John F. Kennedy's handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis played an important role in averting nuclear war between the Soviets and Americans. hile critics (often rightly) accuse Kennedy of making mistakes, including creating the conditions for the crisis in his mismanagement of the Bay of Pigs, his overall performance during the crisis was helpful. Kennedy's choice to avoid a military attack on Cuba was especially important, as was his decision to negotiate diplomatically with Soviet President Nikita Khrushchev.

JFK and the Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was sparked by American president John F. Kennedy's discovery that the Soviet Union had nuclear missiles in nearby communist Cuba. President Kennedy learned of the buildup of nuclear weapons, which included the installation of offensive nuclear missiles, on October 16th, 1962. At that date, the Soviet Union's nuclear missiles in Cuba were just 90 miles from U.S. territory,…

Works Cited

Blanton, Thomas S. The Cuban Missile Crisis: 40 Years Late. Washingtonpost.com with Thomas S. Blanton, Executive Director, National Security Archive. Washingtonpost.com,

Wednesday, Oct. 16, 2002; 11 a.m. ET. Accessed October 26, 2005.

http://discuss.washingtonpost.com/zforum/02/sp_world_blanton101602.htm

Dyer, Gwynne. The Enigma of John F. Kennedy, 10 November 2003. Accessed October 26,

President Kennedy also used Aristotle's logic or logos to convince people to fight against public enemy such as poverty. JFK also used metaphor and the most famous sentence delivered after metaphor was "asks not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." (Nicholas, 2001 P. 283). The phrase was to appeal and persuade American people to devote their energy to the building of their country as well as cherishing their country as a nation. While the speech was specifically focus on American public, it was also adapted to global people in general. His speech was rhetoric in nature because the speech was a unique for of public speech ever made by any U.S. president.

Conclusion

The paper explores relevance of rhetoric and rhetoric criticisms in public communication. The paper identifies the importance of rhetoric is politics, business and academic communities. To demonstrate importance…

References

Campbell, K.K. (2008). Rhetorical Criticism. The International Encyclopaedia of Communication.

Cyphert, D. (2010). The Rhetorical Analysis of Business Speech.Unresolved Questions Journal of Business Communication. 47 (3): 346-368.

McCroskey, J.C.(1997). King Martin Luther 'I have a Dream' in: An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication.7th Ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon: 288-291.

Nicholas, C.(2001). 'Ask Not… a Critical Analysis of Kennedy Inaugural'. Great Speech for Criticisms and Analysis. Alistair Press.

g. Lufthansa); partners with Blackberry and Yahoo for in flight conveniences.

Early aggressive additions to fleet and service did, as analysts predicted, negatively impact the company.

Company will need to carefully evaluate routes, new service, new equipment, and new technology in order to maintain growth potential.

Management

Fairly stable and industry respected; replaced CEO in May 2007.

Needed a new managerial focus after 2004.

Optimistic, keep tight rein on overly aggressive expansion.

Human esources

Jet Blue University, compensates better than most airlines, rewards loyalty for service

Unsuccessful attempt at unionizing

Ensure mission is translated to consumers; empower local employees to make better decisions so clients are not left sitting on tarmac.

Market Share

Huge and rapid growth spurt in early 21st century

Became a model for other carriers; major carriers copied model and took away share

Continued energy and fiscal focus on consumers and next generation of airline ideas.

Marketing…

REFERENCES

Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42. (2001, September 22). Retrieved October 2010, from Office of Transportation - U.S. Government: http://ostpxweb.ost.dot.gov/aviation/Data/stabilizationact.pdf

Jet Blue Press Release - Names Dave Barger President and CEO. (2007, May 10). Retrieved October 2010, from JetBlue.com: http://investor.jetblue.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=131045&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=998672&highlight=))

Air Travel Report: Dip in Delays, Spike in Complaints. (2010, October 12). Retrieved October 2010, from CNN Travel:  http://www.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/10/12/air.travel.consumer.report 

Jet Blue Shareholder Information. (2010, October 12). Retrieved October 2010, from Jet Blue:  http://investor.jetblue.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=131045&p=irol-irhome

John F. Kennedy was the youngest individual elected American president and the first Roman Catholic to serve in that capacity. His election as president came in the aftermath of the Second orld ar and is considered as an initiative that came to reflect the ascendance of youthful idealism during this period. However, the promises of the youthful energetic president were not fulfilled following his assassination near the end of his third year as U.S. president. As a populist-oriented, youthful and energetic, intelligent, optimistic, and charismatic leader, Kennedy had matured and evolved before his assassination. Some of the major elements that demonstrated his maturity include successful navigation of a conflict that could have led to nuclear war with Soviet Union and position the country to deal with the growing domestic and international social issues. The success of John F. Kennedy as president was mainly attributed to the correlation between his political…

Works Cited:

"John F. Kennedy Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, LLC, n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2014. .

"John Fitzgerald Kennedy." Miller Center - University of Virginia. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2014. .

Lazzaro, Joseph. "JFK Assassination: President John F. Kennedy - His Life And Death." International Business Times. IBT Media Inc., 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 08 Jan. 2014. .

Mara, Wil. John F. Kennedy. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010. Print.

Great leadership, this is a trait most people do not have. Among the many leaders of the world present and past, only a few could be deemed great. That is why the literary world becomes a place to cultivate what an ideal leader is. From Robert the blind man in “Cathedral” by Raymond Carver, to “The Things They Carried” character, Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, these leaders harken back to real leaders of the past like Lincoln and Kennedy. It is with these shining examples in mind that an idea of what a great leader is, takes shape and even provides inspiration for new leaders that break the mold of what is typically expected like Daenerys Targaryen from Game of Thrones. These new leaders will perhaps inspire the greats of tomorrow.
Many consider John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln amazing leaders because of their ability to stand up for what is right…

Kennedy Doctrine and the Cold War

In his inaugural address as the President of the United States on January 1961, John F. Kennedy (popularly called "JFK") delivered a message that directly discussed the United States' official stance regarding its move to implement a foreign policy waging a "cold war" against Communist forces that have been gaining popularity in Asia, South America, and parts of the Middle East during this period. his U.S. foreign policy, popularly called the containment policy against Communism, was the pretext from which the eventual Cold War between Democratic and Communist forces escalated until the 1970s. During this period, JFK was assigned the task of continuing the American legacy of democracy and liberty by promoting a campaign of international alliance and cooperation against the Communist forces. At this point, Communist forces were gaining ground in South America, increasing the threat to both American soil and the country's…

These words communicate the message that the support poor nations might be receiving from the Communist forces such as Russia/Soviet Union (one of the stronger forces promoting Communism worldwide during this time), can be met and equaled by the United States, without sacrificing their liberties and human rights. JFK reiterated that human rights are given by the "hand of God," and not from the "generosity of the state," which characterized the complete control of the state/government under the Communist/Socialist society (Kennedy 1961). The doctrine ended with a reminder to United States allies to cooperate and join forces with the American government in its fight for democracy and freedom, as well as the containment of Communism worldwide. He presented a challenge to the American government's ally nations in "defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger," signaling the serious threat that Communism presented to the U.S. during JFK's term (Kennedy 1961). With its direct reference against Communism and its political and military forces in South America and neighboring countries of the United States, the doctrine had indeed solidified the country's fight against Communism -- albeit diplomatically and without the threat of weapons. It was hoped that the United States could prevent the Cold War with the U.S.S.R. from requiring military action and thankfully the war ended without either side having to fire a single shot.

Analysis of the U.S. government's containment policy during JFK's term as president was, in hindsight, shown to be geo-politically and economically-motivated. Leffler's (1984) explication of the United States' containment policy against Communist nations such as the Soviet Union was mainly a response to protecting U.S. interests in South American nations. During JFK's term, the U.S. had numerous interests in the region, which the author called the country's "strategic sphere," having established an "overseas base, air transit rights" that were beneficial to U.S. national security (Leffler 1984,-page 348). With Communism influencing nations in the South American region, the U.S. stood to lose all these strategic benefits, increasing the risk of its security from a geopolitical standpoint. A similar assessment was developed by Naji and Jawan (2011), who contended that what motivated the U.S. government to contain Communism in the Middle Eastern was not so much about the principles of democracy and freedom, but to protect its economic interests in the oil-rich region, as most of the oil companies are either owned, operated, or supported by U.S. companies (page 206-7). The imperative thing for the government was in keeping control of valuable resources and ensuring that these same resources remained out of the hands of the enemies of the American government.

Considering the effects that the containment policy contributed to international politics and the world order during JFK's time, it can be said that the policy made nations rethink about the world order and status quo as it stood

Cinema and American Politics

The modern politics of the U.S. and their imperialistic manifestations within the global political economy (GPE) have often been reflected in the mainstream Hollywood films of the era yet simultaneously criticized and satirized by auteur and/or independent filmmakers, such as Kubrick with his 1964 Dr. Strangelove or Oliver Stone's JFK. While political science is a field in which the dynamics of political discourse may be examined more directly, an analysis of the cinematic representation of American politics as depicted in film can provide an alternative assessment of the life of U.S. political forces, how they are perceived to operate in popular film, and how popular political beliefs are shaped and communicated to citizens as a result. For instance, Spielberg's Lincoln and his recent ridge of Spies are two films that celebrate some aspect of the American political ideal (such as freedom, unity, integrity, and democracy). Yet…

Bibliography

Benoit, William; Nill, Dawn. "Oliver Stone's Defense of JFK." Communication

Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 2 (1998): 127-143.

Cole, David. Republican Party Animal. WA: Feral House, 2014.

Elliott, William; Schenck-Hamlin, William. "Film, Politics and the Press: The Influence

Cinema and American Politics

will address the relationship between film and politics in the U.S.

Contextual Paragraphs:

The modern politics of the U.S. has often been reflected in the mainstream Hollywood films of the era yet simultaneously criticized and satirized by auteur and/or independent filmmakers, such as Kubrick with his 1964 Dr. Strangelove or Oliver Stone's JFK. While political science is a field in which the dynamics of political discourse may be examined more directly, an analysis of the cinematic representation of American politics as depicted in film can provide an alternative assessment of the life of U.S. political forces, how they are perceived to operate in popular film, and how popular political beliefs are shaped and communicated to citizens as a result.

For instance, Spielberg's Lincoln and his recent Bridge of Spies are two films that celebrate some aspect of the American political ideal (such as freedom, unity, integrity,…

In this article, Grenier discusses the history of paranoia in political classes, dissecting groups according to ethnicity, political affiliation, and culture. He points to Stone's film on JFK as evidence that the paranoid class has evolved into a force worth reckoning. This article will be helpful to my paper because it highlights one of the ways in which the political establishment views critically the success of Stone's work.

King, Noel. "Reconsidering the film-politics relation." Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, vol. 6, no. 1 (1992): 228-235.

This study focuses on the way in which society is shaped by a film-political discourse, with cinema both reflecting the political ideology and attacking it at alternate intervals. Thus there is a tendency for the political establishment to reach out to and use Hollywood and a tendency for Hollywood to be both receptive to the embrace and resistant to it. The article is helpful to this paper because it shows how there is an uneven relationship between the political field and cinema and how a two-way flow can be perceived.

Parkland Hospital: A Dallas Icon

The history of the City of Dallas would hardly be complete without consideration of Parkland Hospital and its contributions to the Dallas community. Parkland Hospital began in the Civil ar Reconstruction era and has always maintained operations that were state of the art for the time. Parkland hospital has always aligned itself research and the academic community and it is for this reason that Parkland has always offered the latest in techniques and technology. Parkland Hospital has a long tradition of caring for the poor and those who cannot otherwise care for themselves. The following research will highlight the major accomplishments of the hospital from its primitive beginnings to its present position as a leader in patient care and technology Seven years after the end of the Civil ar; Dallas became a thriving city. In 1885 the Dallas Morning News began publication, at that time…

Works Cited

Abraham, Laurie. Dramatic Differences: Dallas Public Hospital: A Lesson for County? Chicago

Reporter. May 5, 1990.  http://www.chicagoreporter.com/1990/05-90/0590%20Dramatic%20Differences.htm  Accessed February, 2003.

Conger, Darrell. Southwestern Department of Opthamology History. Department of Opthamology. March 20, 2001.  http://www.swmed.edu/ophth/history.htm . Accessed February, 2003.

Dallas Nephrology Associates. History of DNA. Online.  http://www.dneph.com/about/history.html  Accessed February 2003.

Practicing Ethnographic Methods

JFK (John F. Kennedy) International Airport is one of the busiest international airports in the United States and serves as a gateway for the New York City and other Tri-State within the metropolitan regions. Apart from enjoying services from the Jet Blue, and Virgin America, the JFK airport is the major destination for visitors from various continents such as Europe, South America, Asia, Middle East and Africa. The JFK airport receives over 41 million visitors yearly making the airport the busiest international gateway in the New York. However, airports are the social-based organization where the visitors and employees come from various social and cultural backgrounds, which influence the airport decision making.

Objective of this paper is to carry out the ethnographic research by presenting the results of the observation of the social and cultural settings at the John F. Kenney International Airport.

Methodology

I use the ethnographic…

Reference

Kusenbach, M. (2003). Street Phenomenology the Go-Along as Ethnographic Research Tool. Ethnography, 4: 455-485.

CEOs and Presidents

In delineation, influence processes are those employed by a leader to inspire, sway and encourage their followers and employees. This paper makes a comparison of the leadership styles of three particular leaders who include John F. Kennedy, Oprah Winfrey, and Nelson Mandela.

Influence is a vital component of leadership and refers to the manner in which a leader affects followers and employees. This particular aspect of influence necessitates that a leader affects the lives of their followers and employees. In particular, influence processes encompasses the different manners in which leaders fashion variables such as personnel and resources. In definition, influence processes denotes and conveys the different approaches employed by leaders to provide the essential strategic leadership vital for the everyday management of their organization. Irrespective of the processes used by leaders, their decisions largely influence the direction taken of the organization in addition to affecting the motivation…

References

Allen, T. (2014). Oprah Winfrey: Authentic and Transformational Leadership Personified. Linkedin. Retrieved from:  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140813145049-27554839-oprah-winfrey-authentic-and-transformational-leadership-personified 

Arogundande, B. (2016). Oprah Winfrey's Amazing Biography: The Facts About Her Early Life, Ancestry & Accomplishments. Retrieved from:  http://www.arogundade.com/when-and-where-was-oprah-winfrey-born-facts-accomplishments-short-biography-of-her-early-life-and-african-ancestry.html 

Articles Base. (2011). The Concept of Influence Processes. Retrieved from:  http://www.articlesbase.com/leadership-articles/the-concept-of-influence-processes-4872906.html 

Bio. (2016). Nelson Mandela Biography. Retrieved from:  http://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017

Disasters of the Twentieth Century

Most of the great disasters of the twentieth century became truly "great" precisely because there were not appropriate levels of planning or mitigation processes in place, and the San Francisco Fire of 1906 was no exception. Caused by an earthquake that disrupted what mitigation components that were a part of the city -- rupturing water lines to make fighting the fires all but impossible, ad breaking the city's alarm system to make warnings less effective -- San Francisco was nearly leveled by the two concurrent and directly related disasters that struck (Popular Mechanics, 2012). A lack of planning in the city's design made the buildings susceptible to the earthquake and the fire, with densely packed wooden structures and man-made ground both exacerbating the problem immensely (Popular Mechanics, 2012). With the mitigation systems compromised from the outset, there was little to be done.

The Spanish Flu…

References

JFK Library. (2012). The Bay of Pigs. Accessed 1 May 2012.  http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/The-Bay-of-Pigs.aspx 

Popular Mechanics. (2012). The top 10 worst disasters of the last century. Accessed 1 May 2012.  http://www.popularmechanics.com/outdoors/survival/stories/10-disasters

Kennedys and Kings by Harris Wofford

This is a book review of "Of Kennedy's and Kings" by Harris Wofford. It uses the book as a source.

This is a book that describes and tries to explain one of the most important and controversial periods in our political history. The author, Harris Wofford, has the advantage however of providing the reader with valuable insight on what was the atmosphere and ground reality in the 1960's from the point-of-view of an individual who was actually part of the political scene. He was a colleague of Dr. artin Luther King during the civil rights movement, co-organizer of the Peace Corps, U.S. senator and now co-chair of America's Promise: Alliance for Youth. He worked closely with some of our nation's most beloved figures, artin Luther King Jr. And President Kennedy. This book traces the events of history and embellishes them with his own personal…

Movements such as the Peace Corps were organized with Wofford, Shriver and others at the helm. Kennedy was spreading and encouraging the youth to help him in bringing alive his vision and their own ideals, just like King. Reforms were put in place so that National Service became a reality and poverty, social services, segregation, labor laws could be modified and improved. The 1960's was a time of great upheaval and dismissal of many long held traditions in favor of viewpoints more in keeping with a modern and progressive world society.

The leaders of the nation were trying to initiate social change in which the foundations of a just community were laid in educational and economic institutions. They were aware of the struggles that would remain after the right to vote was instigated and that many other issues such as poverty were factors driving civil unrest. Wofford describes how three great leaders were lost within a short time, King, JFK and Robert Kennedy. Wofford comments on causes and the consequences of these tragic losses but the outcome remains that these deaths are still surrounded in conspiracy theories. The author emphasizes however, the meaning of such monumental losses to the American spirit and leadership, and how it was followed by further depression due to events such as the Vietnam War, an escalation of the cold war, and a shift from civil and social issues such as poverty and equality to war and defense.

This book has portrayed this much talked about era, its events, and personalities with an outlook that is more real and human then the glamour and intrigue that usually surrounds the. Wofford has described his own and the views of his generation and evoked a sense of the truly great trials and fears they faced head on, and one might say the fearlessness of youth and hope. The politics of the time also takes concrete shape in the imagination with a true sense of the players involved and forces moving them. The reader sees aspects of leaders and events that portray them as neither heroes nor villains but as people trying to do their best in difficult times.

It did not help matters that Johnson was photographed being sworn into office aboard the plane bringing the body of Kennedy back to ashington, D.C., with Kennedy's widow, and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, who was still wearing the suit stained with her husband's blood. Many people, right or wrong, took the photo as a statement by Mrs. Kennedy; even though she remained a close friend of Johnson's wife, Lady Bird, all of the years of their lives.

For his part, President Johnson placed the work of the investigation of the Kennedy assassination into the hands of the arren Commission, and then he went about the work of creating his Great Society (Eavns and Novak, 2). If the assassination of Kennedy weighed on the minds of the people, it was no less troubling for the man from Texas who followed Kennedy. Johnson commented: "They say Jack Kennedy had style, but I'm…

Works Cited

 

" he spectacular effect achieved by the Russians therefore had a significant effect upon the minds of citizens around the globe (Dick, March 24).

he financial and political implications of the Apollo program became significant once the president made the decision to commit the United States to a Lunar landing. It was important to the president to set a goal that his country had a good chance of achieving before the Soviet Union. After a definite decision for the launch of the project was made, further important issues of politics and financing became deciding factors in the growth and development of the program.

he decision proved to be sound if the reaction of the nation could be used as a measure of effectiveness. he American imagination was captured, and they lent overwhelming support for Kennedy's decision to sponsor the moon landing. In the eyes of the nation, difficulty, expense and…

Transcript of Presidential Meeting in the Cabinet Room of the White House. Topic: Supplemental appropriations for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 21 November 1962.

Webb, James E. Letter to President Kennedy. October 29, 1962. NASA History

 http://history.nasa.gov/JFK-Webbconv/pages/james-letter.pdf .

Assassination of JFK

Why is your chosen turning point actually a turning point and not just another event?

One of the most commonly analyzed and a questionable event in the history of the U.S., the assassination of JFK was a real turning point. The complex analysis on this topic is somehow frustrating. While "JFK-nuts" may be captured in some seriously arcane information of proof, some readily available information can entirely discredit the official government version of what occurred. The assassination of JFK can be seen as a coup-d'etat and a caution to all individuals and government figures who may try to question the status quo. Strong forces within government were able to take off such a criminal action and successfully pass off such a cheap cover story. The condition of the country's democracy can be deciphered from this scenario (Zelizer, 2012).

Even more considerably, the complicity of the United States…

Reference

Zelizer, B. (2012). Covering the body: The Kennedy assassination, the media, and the shaping of collective memory. Chicago u.a: Univ. Of Chicago Press.

Cold War and Film

Generally speaking, the Cold War has been depicted as an era of spy games and paranoia in popular films from the 1960s to the present day, but the reality of the era was much more complex. The Cold War was a period of military and political tension from 1947 to 1991, or from the end of WW2 to the collapse of the Soviet Union, in which the "politics of war" masked the business and social agendas of multinationals and ideologues. The era was marked by myriad issues: East-West mistrust, proxy wars, espionage, the threat of nuclear war, domestic and foreign propaganda, the rise of the military-industrial complex and multinational corporations, assassinations, detente, de-colonization, new nationalism, neo-colonialism, the vying for control of resources, alliances (NATO, Warsaw Pact), and an inculcation of the "deep state." [footnoteRef:1] It can be divided into five basic periods: 1947-53, 1953-62, 1962-79, 1979-85,…

Bibliography

Dominik, Andrew, dir. Killing Them Softly. NY: Weinstein Company, 2012. Film.

Eliot, T.S. "Burnt Norton." The Four Quartets. Web. 10 May 2015.



Frankenheimer, John, dir. Seven Days in May DVD Commentary. LA: Warner Home

The five items found in the time capsule are: 1) a 1964 record by Nina Simone called “Wild is the Wind,” 2) A Time magazine from 1964, with a painting of the face of Lee Harvey Oswald on the cover and a banner saying: “The Warren Commission: No Conspiracy, Domestic or Foreign,” 3) a photograph of Lyndon Johnson and Mathilde Krim 4) the original Orville Nix film of John F. Kennedy’s assassination, and 5) the 1969 mugshot photograph of Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, alleged assassin of Bobby Kennedy.
The record by Nina Simone includes the song “Wild is the Wind,” which represents a powerful marriage between classical piano and blues/jazz. Nina’s rich vocals and deep voice give the song a melancholy that couples with resonating romanticism. It is just one song on the record; others are: “Black is the Color of My True Love’s Hair,” “Either Way I Lose,” and “Break…

In IBM's case, the Department of Justice found that their efforts were mired in failure. Unfortunately, IBM was so central to the economic operations of Germany and occupied Europe that it was necessary to preserve IBM's role in the economy of Europe so as not to jeopardize the postwar occupation.

Part II-Present Corporatist America and Comparisons with Fascist Italy-

When the Wall Street Journal, the United States' newspaper of record for financial affairs makes an explanatory note, it gives us all pause. Gerald F. Driscoll in "An Economy of Liars" takes aim at both the Obama and George W. Bush administrations when he speaks about the present economic reality and asserts "We call that system not the free-market, but crony capitalism. It owes more to Benito Mussolini than to Adam Smith ("An Economy of Liars" 2010)."

If a communist agitator on the proverbial soapbox spouted this statement, it could be…

References

Alter, J. 2006, the Defining Moment: FDR's Hundred Days and the Triumph of Hope,

New York, Simon and Schuster.

Black, E. 2001, IBM and the Holocaust, Crown Publishers, New York.

(1965) "The Economy: We Are All Keynesians Now," Time, Available from  http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842353-1,00.html

economy in the United States and the catastrophic terrorist attacks of September 11th is often discussed, for many reasons. The events were so integral to the United States as a historically devastating occurrence that emotionally, socially and psychologically changed the face of the nation and with that nation is the integral issue of economy. This work will analyze the difference between the economic after effects of the September 11th attacks, in the Stock Market particularly, and the effects of another crucial historical event of the last century, the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The correlation between events and the stock exchange is often difficult to find information on in that a comprehensive history of the exchange has not been done, but perhaps the best time for such a work to be written would be now, as we discover just how well the nation and the world recover from the September…

Works Cited

Burk, James. Values in the Marketplace: The American Stock Market under Federal Securities Law. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 1992.

"Correspondence." The American Prospect 18 June 2001: 6. Questia. 4 Dec. 2004 .

Dingle, Derek, and Sakina P. Spruell. "Bouncing Back: In the Aftermath of the Terrorist Attacks, Black-Owned Business Learn the True Meaning of Crisis Management as They Turn Losses into Gains." Black Enterprise Dec. 2001: 77+. Questia. 4 Dec. 2004 .

"Economy Still Strong after 9/11." The Washington Times 13 Sept. 2002: F32. Questia. 4 Dec. 2004 .

Assassination of President John Kennedy

hy was the assassination of President John Kennedy considered a turning point in history and not just another event?

In the first place, the election and inauguration of John F. Kennedy (JFK) was in itself a dramatic turning point in American history. Americans had never had a president who made such eloquent speeches, who was so young and handsome, and who had such a beautiful, classy wife and family. In Europe there were royal families but Americans had never had a family like the Kennedys, who created a kind of "Camelot" in the hite House. JFK talked tough to the Soviets as to the Cold ar and he also "…made [Americans] dream of walking on the moon and equal rights for all" (History Since 1945). In other words, the charming, well-spoken president brought a dramatic change in leadership style from President Eisenhower and Truman, who…

Works Cited

Driscoll, E. (2007). Kennedy Assassination: Ideological Turning Point of Democratic Party.

Spinning Clio / Musings of an independent historian. Retrieved July 26, 2013, from  http://cliopolitical.blogspot.com .

History Since 1945. (2011). Turning Point in American History: President Kennedy. Retrieved July 26, 2-13, from  http://historysince1945.blogspot.com .

Lowry, R. (2007). Kennedy Assassination: Ideological Turning Point of Democratic Party.

Marketing

Coffee Cups

here are 2855 locations in NYC alone that sell you coffee cups. o list all these stores -- sometimes duplicated -- would take a volume alone. he following is therefore a summary of some key places that sell coffee cups -- otherwise called mugs, the general price of these (usually ceramic) coffee cups; the details of these coffee cups; and descriptions of outstanding logos and/or designs.

As the Huff Post New York (2012) remarks: "Coffee cups in New York are as varied as the Big Apple" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/13/coffee-cups-in-new-york-a_n_230644.html). For the first three decades it was the iconic polystyrene or paper Greek-themed "Happy to Serve" coffee cup that has now been converted into ceramic. In the mid-1990s, the environmentally friendly Starbucks-style cup rushed into style usually accompanied with sipping lids and cardboard sleeves. All of these are free; you paid for the drink of course. You find these cups…

TSA screener at JFK 'hurled hot coffee at American Airlines pilot who told her to stop swearing' Mail online. dailymail.co.uk  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2124997/TSA-screener-JFK-hurled-hot-coffee-American-Airlines-pilot-told-stop-swearing.html 

Nyc Coffee Cups

 http://www.cafepress.com/+nyc+coffee-cups

Where, he would portray himself as a staunch anti-communist that supported the ideas of liberty. Yet, when he had taken control of the country he immediately began to rule with an iron fist. This authoritarian rule and the way that Diem was able to single-handedly throw elections, would set the tone as to what kind of President he would be. Then, when you combine this with the fact that just 10% of the country was Catholic; and that the Catholics held a position of privilege in the country. Meant that the actions by Diem; would be seen as even more illegitimate by the people. This is especially troubling when the French had raised concerns about a rising uddhist threat, as 70% of the population was uddhist. These two elements allowed for the overall actions against the Diem government to increase during his reign as President. Where, both the North and…

Bibliography

South Vietnam -- DCI Briefing. GWU. 1963. 21 Feb. 2010

Carter, James. Inventing Vietnam: The United States and State Building 1954 -1968. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Jacobs, Seth. America's Miracle Man in Vietnam: Ngo Dinh Diem, Religion,

and U.S. Intervention in Southeast Asia. Durham, Duke University Press, 2005.

(Dunn, 2009)

Arumemi-Ikhide believes that Arik can succeed due to a combination of the opportunity -- helped by economic and air transport reforms in Nigeria -- and the capability to deliver a high quality product." (Dunn, 2009) Also stated by Arumemi-Ikhide is that this "will be a key in differentiating it in the international market and providing feeder traffic. That will be the lifeline for the international network. That's what sets up apart from our rivals." (Dunn, 2009)

Martin Russell states in the report entitled: "Arik Air: The Future of African Aviation" that both the "internal opinion of African air travel and that of onlookers overseas was bleak before the arrival of Nigeria's newest treasure, Arik Air." (2008) Russell states that the aviation industry is African is "hampered by somewhat less predictable weather and frequent storms" resulting in aviation in African being "far from predictable with temperamental skies that readily…

Bibliography

Nigeria's air traffic grows by 31% during 2008; defies global slump (2009) TradeInvest Nigeria Thu, 05 Mar 2009. Online available at:  http://www.tradeinvestnigeria.com/news/957188.htm 

Lawal, Lateef (2009)FG Invests Over N7b In Air Navigation, Safety, Search & Rescue - Nigeria Masterweb Daily News. Online available at: http://www.nigeriamasterweb.com/blog/

More Frequencies to Foreign Airlines Put Nigerian Carriers at Risk (2009) The Guardian -- Travels 17 Jul 2009. Online available at:  http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/travels/article01//indexn2_html?pdate=170709&ptitle=More%20frequencies%20to%20foreign%20airlines%20put%20Nigerian%20carriers%20at%20risk 

Dunn, Graham (2009) Arik Air: Pressing Ahead with International Plans. 3 June 2009. Airline Business. Online available at:  http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/03/06/323508/arik-air-pressing-ahead-with-international-plans.html

He was one of the youngest presidents in history (the same age as JFK when he took office, forty-three. He also was an avid outdoorsman and appreciative of the American West (he had a ranch in North Dakota), and his far-seeing vision created one of America's most enduring traditions, the U.S. Forest Service and protected wild lands. oosevelt's accomplishments may not have been as well-known as some of the other presidents, but they were certainly far reaching. First, he was the first president to establish an area in the White House specifically for journalists (oller, 1988, p. 200). He was an extremely popular president, and he was the first to travel outside the country, to the Panama Canal, during a presidency. He also helped create the Panama Canal Project, one of the most important building projects of the time, and still a vital link between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.…

References

Boller, P.F. (1996). Presidential anecdotes (Revised ed.). New York: Oxford U.S..

Bursey, L.G. (1988). 4 Abraham Lincoln. In Popular images of American presidents, Spragens, W.C. (Ed.) (pp. 67-94). New York: Greenwood Press.

Cronin, T.E., & Genovese, M.A. (1998). The paradoxes of the American presidency. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hart, John. (1995). The presidential branch: From Washington to Clinton (2nd ed.). Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers.

" The 'number' of witnesses later turned out to be a single witness who was not even sure about who he saw at the window.

Palm prints on the cardboard box: Similarly Oswald's palm prints were said to have been found on a cardboard box found at the window of the depository building from which Oswald allegedly shot Kennedy. Oswald's prints were not found anywhere else in the room except on a 'convenient' carton that could easily find its way to the police station where Oswald was kept in custody. (Lane,

Rifle Capability

Apart from these, not insignificant, inconsistencies in the "evidence" presented by the Dallas Attorney General, it is highly unlikely that Oswald, using the Carcano, could have shot with the accuracy and speed required at a moving target.

According to the arren Commission that investigated Kennedy's assassination, three shots were fired from the Depository window, the first and…

Works Cited

Lane, Mark. "Oswald Innocent? A Lawyer's Brief." A Guardian Special. Nov. 22, 1963, December 7, 2004. http://karws.gso.uri.edu/JFK/the_critics/lane/Natl-Guardian/Natl_Guardian.html

Roffman, Howard. "Presumed Guilty." Chapter 9 Oswald's Rifle Capability. A Book by a.S. Barnes and Co., Inc. 1976.  http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/PG/PG.html#TOC 

Oswald insisted that he was innocent and said he would prove it when he was brought to trial; he persisted in his denial despite the fact that he was questioned for 48 hours without the benefit of counsel; he even refused to admit to the killing as he lay dying

Even this 'fact' has not been proven beyond a shadow of doubt, but we will discuss the point later.

Many did not agree with this action because Senators Fulbright and Russell believed it would lead to an air strike on est Berlin or a blockade of that city. They knew it would lead to war. Kennedy had few choices but instead did not back down and lead the country through the crisis. He never "lost sight of the fact that once military action started, there was no telling at what level of escalation it could be stopped" (Stern 2003, p. 108).

Timing caused many of the problems Kennedy faced during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Many critics surmise the failure of the blockade but really its lack of strength came down to the fact Kennedy hesitated because he waited for OAS approval. This allowed for Soviet ships to arrive safely to Cuba before the escalation and this represents weakness on Kennedy's part. hy couldn't have acted aggressively? He was not…

Works Cited

1997. Cuban Missile Crisis Left Kennedy with Little Choice But to Act, Congressional

Leaders No Help To President. Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 21. Oct.

Bennis, W. 1989. On Becoming a Leader. Reading, Massachusetts:

Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

If this approach is taken, most law abiding immigrants will be allowed to come to the U.S. through legal avenues. Those who chose to break the law will face stiff penalties from the zero tolerance policy. This will push everyone to use the new system to legally immigrate to the U.S.

Domestically, this will address the needs of the nation's long-term labor challenges and illegal immigration. Internationally, the zero tolerance attitudes may not be well received from countries such as Mexico. However, the open legal immigration policy will help to ease these worries by providing another avenue for people to come to the U.S. This will advance the agenda by ensuring that immigration is dealt with and the labor markets have the workers it needs.

Jobs: To reduce unemployment there will be a focus on a massive jobs creation program. The way that this will be achieved is through having…

References

Retiring Baby Boom Generation. (2012). Immigration Impact. Retrieved from:  http://immigrationimpact.com/2012/02/14/retiring-baby-boom-generation-will-rely-on-immigrant-hispanic-workforce/ 

Savings and Loan Associations. (1996). New York Times. Retrieved from:  http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/savings_and_loan_associations/index.html 

Goodenow, M. (2012). Cut, Invest and Grow. JFK Policy. Retrieved from: http://www.jfkpolicy.org/JFK%20POLICY%20CENTER.BOOM.pdf

Olmec

Although scientists found artifacts and art objects of the Olmecs; until this century they did not know about the existence of the Olmecs. Most of the objects which were made by this community were associated with other civilizations, such as Mayan, Toltec or Chichimecan. The Olmec lived between 1600 B.C. And 1400 B.C. In South Mexico. The name of this tribe comes from an Aztec word "ollin" which means "land of rubber."

At first they ate fish and they later start to farm, and that made it possible for them to "develop the first major civilization in Mesoamerica." (The Olmec Civilization) Thanks to the steady food supplies the Olmec population grew and some came to have other occupations. "Some became potters or weavers. Others became priests or teachers." (Ibidem) Once the population grew, so did their farming villages which developed into cities. The present-day city of San Lorenzo was…

References:

1. The Olmec Civilization, Retrieved December 14, 2012, from the Pleasant Valley School website:  http://www.pvsd.k12.ca.us/180120521134440680/lib/180120521134440680/11-2_SG_7th.pdf 

2. Villeacas, Daniel, Mother Culture of Mexico: The Olmecs, Denver Public Schools, 2005, Retrieved December 14, 2012, from the Denver Public Schools website:  http://etls.dpsk12.org/documents/Alma/units/MotherCultureMexicoOlmecs.pdf 

3. Olmec -- Masterworks of Ancient Mexico, Retrieved December 14, 2012, from the Los Angeles County Museum of Art website:  http://www.lacma.org/eduprograms/EvesforEds/OlmecEssay.pdf 

4. Hansen, Valerie, Curtis Kenneth, Curtis, Kenneth R., Voyages in World History: To 1600, Volume 1, Cengage Learning, December 30, 2008

NYC and California post-WW2

Let us imagine what it would be like to immigrate to the United States in 1953. We are coming across the Atlantic from Europe, the ship would still be coming around the lower end of Long Island (better known as "Brooklyn") and Manhattan Island to arrive at Ellis Island. (Until 1954, Ellis Island was the standard arrival point for incoming immigrants.)

If we were extremely far-sighted we could see all the way up the East River, to the riboro Bridge, built by Robert Moses as part of his large-scale reshaping of New York City's roadways, intended to accommodate automobiles in the city. Since we're imagining this, let's also imagine we have x-ray vision, like Superman. If we could see below the water as we sailed up past Brooklyn, we would see underneath our ship the Brooklyn-Battery unnel, which had been completed in 1950. Again, this is…

The growth of Los Angeles is a 20th century phenomenon, according to U.S. Census data. In 1910 it is not even one of the top ten most populous cities in the U.S.A. In 1920, it is the tenth most populous city. In 1930, it has jumped to being the fifth largest city, and remains at fifth in 1940. In 1950 it is America's fourth largest city. In 1960, 1970 and 1980 it stands as the third largest city. Only in 1990 does it come in second place to NYC, where it has remained until the present day. It is no accident that these dates correspond with the rapid growth of Hollywood and the entertainment and mass communication industries in the 20th century. Los Angeles is a particularly good location for outdoor filming, though: it seldom rains (only a few days a year) and by and large the climate is warm, sunny, and pleasant (as Angelenos never stop reminding New Yorkers). It has the benefit of being essentially a desert climate, while still situated on the Pacific ocean which softens the harsher effects of a desert clime: this means that the air remains largely cloudless (although not smogless) while temperatures become chilly at night. Nonetheless, the susceptibility of Los Angeles to wildfires, mudslides and earthquakes indicates that there are some tradeoffs for having nice weather all the time.

But there is more to California than Hollywood: San Diego, the second most populous area in the state, has a large military and defense presence. San Jose and San Francisco are third and fourth in terms of size. San Francisco was a major shipping port throughout the 19th century, and the two cities remain the urban centers of the "Silicon Valley" high tech industries. The northern part of California is different in many ways from Los Angeles, however. The climate becomes more like the rainy misty Pacific northwest, and agriculture and timber become more important to the economy. Northern California is the world's largest producer of almonds; Southern California produces nuts of an altogether different sort.

Los Angeles and New York are similar in a way that is familiar to metropolitan areas that depended upon old methods of transportation: they are both situated on the coasts, and their locations afford natural harbors to some degree. NYC is better for shipping, due to the confluence of rivers flowing to the Atlantic, and the presence of large barrier islands protecting its harbors. But in both cases, urban expansion runs up against natural barriers: in the case of NYC, the city is built on islands, so expansion is limited by space. In California, expansion is limited by surrounding mountains, and also by the relative scarcity of water.

TEMPOAY FLIGHT ESTICTIONS EGULATION: IS IT CONSTITUTIONAL?

Condition of airline industry after Sept.

TFs and general aviation

TFs without information

TFs and business at busy airports

TFs Circles

TFs and young pilots

TFs: an ineffective measure

Temporary flight restrictions (TF) are considered unconstitutional by many quarters because they are seriously hurting economic conditions of the United States aviation. But speaking from legal point-of-view, we cannot declare any action taken for security reasons as unconstitutional. This is because the federal government has Congress's permission to take appropriate measures to ensure security of the country, its landmarks, general public and important public figures such as the President and Vice president. But when these actions cross the limits of justice and start interfering with smooth operations of any industry, a petition can be filed against them in U.S. courts to determine the legality of those actions. No such action has so far been…

References

Al Carrozza, Since Sept. 11, Not a Banner Year / Advertisers grounded by FAA regulations., Newsday, 10-25-2001, pp. A69

Kathy McCabe, Airspace limits hurt flight schools, Globe Correspondent, 10/21/2001

EDITORIAL / Use Common Sense in Restricting Republic Airport., Newsday, 10-02-2001, pp. A38

BOB EDWARDS, Analysis: Impact of new government flight restrictions on general aviation., Morning Edition (NPR), 10-11-2001

Terrorist Attacks on New York City

Consumer ehavior and Risk

Terrorism and Consumerism in the Melting Pot

How has September 11 Impacted Americans

Economic Impact of terrorism

Outlook for the New York Economy

Examination of the Effects on usiness

Regaining Consumer Confidence

Sampling Procedures

Survey Construction

Survey results

Recommendations for Further Studies

Survey of Consumer Patterns After The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Towers

Survey Results presented Graphically

Store Owner Interviews

The Impact of the Terrorist Attacks on New York City: One Year Later Chapter 1

The attacks on the World Trade Towers on September 11, 2001 threatened the American People's sense of security in a way that had not been felt since the attack on Pearl Harbor. To say that the attacks changed the lives of many people would be an understatement. The attacks literally brought the country to a halt for nearly three days. It can…

Bibliography

American Bankers Association. 2001. "Post Sept. 11 Survey Shows Nation's Bankers Are Optimistic." ABA Press Release, December 3, 2001.

Atkinson, J.W. 1957. Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. Psychological Review,

Barone, Ronald; M. Rigby, Peter;Schwartz, Bruce; Simonson; Arthur F; Chew; William H;

Eiseman, Barbara A, and Shipman, Todd A. 2002. Consequences of Sept. 11 Attacks Put

Ngo Dinh Diem

orn in the year 1901 to an aristocratic family, Ngo Dinh Diem rose to become the Prime Minister of South Vietnam in the year 1954. This paper looks in detail at the events during the life of Ngo Dinh Diem, his era of governance and the events that took place in the aftermath of his assassination. Catholic missionaries converted his predecessors into Christianity several years back in the 17th century. Much like his pervious family generations, he too was educated in French Catholic schools. Following his successful graduation he was trained as an administrator who worked in conjunction with the French authorities based in Vietnam. At a very young age of twenty-five, he became a provincial governor. This was his foray into a long political career, which marked dramatic incidents both in his personal life and the history of Vietnam.

At a time when communism was rising…

Bibliography

Diem, Ngo Diem' Retrieved at http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/bios/29.html Accessed on April 5, 2004

Ngo Dinh Diem - Encarta: An Encyclopedia Article' Retrieved at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576219/Ngo_Dinh_Diem.html Accessed on April 5, 2004

Colby's Vietnam: History Misrepresented' Retrieved at  http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54/099.html  Accessed on April 5, 2004

Letter to John F. Kennedy' Retrieved at http://pages.xtn.net/~wingman/docs/lettdiem.htm Accessed on April 5, 2004

SA

History of SA

On March 9, 1972, a rans World Airlines jet bound for Los Angeles took off from JFK International Airport in New York. Moments into the flight, the airline received an anonymous phone call warning there was a bomb on the flight. he aircraft returned to JFK where passengers were evacuated and a bomb-sniffing dog named Brandy was brought aboard to search. Brandy found the explosive device just 12 minutes before it was set to detonate. hat same day, then-President Nixon directed the Secretary of ransportation to use innovative means to combat the problems plaguing civil aviation. he result was the creation of a unique federal project - the FAA Explosives Detection Canine eam Program - designed to place certified teams at strategic locations throughout the nation so that any aircraft receiving a bomb threat could quickly divert to an airport with a canine team.

While technology…

The U.S. Constitution's fourth amendment was supposed to protect against this type of unlawful invasion of personal freedom, but due to the exaggerations of the terrorist threat by media and politicians we are stuck with a despicable and ugly organization. There has been much debate about this problem but Macsata (2010) explained how this is a violation when he wrote "Benjamin Franklin once said, "He who sacrifices freedom for security deserves neither."

Apparently, members of Congress agree with our founding fathers, as they are lining up against TSA's new security measures. On November 18th, Rep. John J. Duncan, Jr. told the Knoxville News Sentinel, "The American people should not have to choose between having full-body radiation or a very embarrassing, intrusive pat-down every time they fly, as if they were criminals." Rep. Duncan also called into question the lucrative nature of the contracts being secured by some of the private companies represented by former U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff."

The TSA is also a massive waste of money and resources. Fighting terrorism can be done at a much cheaper and effective manner than the TSA is currently conducting itself. Many mistakes have been made, but when the TSA admits that they have wasted tons of resources, a

Emirate Airline Analysis

What follows in this report is a review and summary of the customer services aspect of Emirates Airline. The firm in question has most certainly established a name for themselves and there is the common refrain about how adept they are. Even so, there are opportunities for them to get better and all firms should commit to a culture and mindset of continuous improvement, fettering out what problems what do exist and finding common sense solutions for dealing with the same. Regardless of what problems are found, there need to be evidence-based and realistic solutions put forth, and that shall be the goal of this report. While Emirates Airlines does a lot of things well when it comes to their customer services, they could do even better and strive to do so whenever possible.

Company Summary


Before getting into the minutia of what should change and why,…

Business coach Jonathan Farrington reports that the standards that follow team work should underpin how a person operates. The purpose of a team is to get work done satisfactorily by involving everyone and gaining through their individual strengths. Involving people with a variety of interests on broad issues is motivational and very effective. Myriad views can enhance methods, standards, processes and overall effectiveness and productivity. Other people's differences need to be respected, regardless how unusual they appear, and any personal biases eliminated. It is never healthy to underestimate people or make quick judgments about them. Humans are very complex beings; just because a person says or does one thing, he/she should not be immediately categorized.

When becoming involved with a team, it is necessary to spend time to understand its goals, the ultimate task that is to be performed and each person's responsibilities to accomplish the goals. At first, it…

References Cited:

Ansary, T.(2009). Degrees & Training: What is a Leader? Retrieved March 20, 2010, from http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/elearning/Default.aspx?

Bruce, C.E. (nd) Making the Transition from Campus to Workplace. Black Collegean Retrieved March 20, 2010 from  http://www.black-collegian.com/career/transition-199805.shtml 

Burke, R.J., Oberklaid, F., & Burgess, Z. (2005) Organizational values, job experiences and satisfactions among female and male psychologists. Community, Work & Family, 8(1): 53-68

Career Media (1999), Graduate Careers in Information Technology, Westlake: Watcham Penrose Associates.

He would sometimes be wheel chaired to the door through which he would enter to make a public appearance, but once at the door, his leg braces would be put on him, and he would rely on his son's arm for support and balance (43-48). Later, with his son's support, he was able to use a cane, and the extent of his disability was successfully downplayed by the force of his political platform and the attention he commanded with powerful words and the presentation of himself in a dignified way with strong posture (43-48).

"Deeply concerned that the image of a 'permanently crippled man' seeking to lead a crippled nation out of the Depression would be damaging to his campaign, oosevelt's aides every effort to portray the Democratic nominee as a man who had conquered polio and who could walk. As he traveled across the country, his leg braces, without…

Reference List

Bardes, Barbara A., Shelley, Mark C., Schmidt, Steffen W. (2008).

American Government and Politics Today: The Essentials,

Coates, Peter A. (2006). American Perceptions of Immigrant and Invasive

Species: Strangers on the Land,

RULES: locks should not be thrown across the line. Scores are recorded to the nearest tenth of a second.

3. ONE-MILE RUN/WALK

OJECTIVE: To measure heart and lung endurance by fastest time to cover a one-mile distance. TESTING: On a safe, one-mile distance, students begin running on the count "Ready? Go!" Walking may be interpersed with running. However, the students should be encouraged to cover the distance in as short a time as possible. RULES: efore administering this test, students' health status should be reviewed. Students should be given ample instruction on pacing themselves and should be allowed to practice running this distance against time. Sufficient time should be allowed for warming up and cooling down before and after the test. Times are recorded in minutes and seconds.

4. PULL-UPS

OJECTIVE: To measure upper body strength and endurance by maximum number of pull-ups completed. TESTING: Student hangs from a horizontal…

Bibliography

"Fitness: the president's challenge. (children's fitness test for President's Challenge Award)." The Saturday Evening Post. 1990. Retrieved April 27, 2010 from HighBeam Research:  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-9138402.html 

Gatterman, Meridel I. "Health Promotion and Wellness Through Mental Fitness." Dynamic Chiropractic. Dynamic Chiropractic CA. 2007. Retrieved April 27, 2010 from HighBeam Research:  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1276651631.html 

Krucoff, C. "Has Fitness Fizzled?;While Many Work Out; Most Prefer the Couch." The Washington Post. Washington Post Newsweek Interactive Co. 1990. Retrieved April 27, 2010 from HighBeam Research:  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107930.html 

Lyons, B. (2010). "Commentary: Physical fitness -- is it a national security issue?" Retrieved April 27, 2010 from http://www.standard.net/topics/hilltop-times/2010/02/25/commentary-physical-fitness-it-national-security-issue

They also recommended that the use of punch hole rivets near the windows, to be replaced with the use of epoxy or drill riveting, to prevent air pockets from developing near the cabin. ("OAC Flight 781," 2005)

The accident changed the industry, by allowing for window designs that were more rounded. This is significant because such a design would provide greater support to the cabin during flight. As a result, these windows have become standard in all jet and propeller driven aircraft. What this shows is that the lessons learned from the accident, mainly the windows and the rivets were used to improve the overall quality of designs of aircraft for the better. ("OAC Flight 781," 2005)

Clearly, the three different incidents highlight specific issues that helped contribute to each accident. Where, all of them have helped improve designs, training and inspections standards. This is important because investigators can use…

Bibliography

Aloha Airline Flight 243. (1988). Retrieved May 13, 2010 from NTSB website:

http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR89-03.pdf

American Airlines Flight 587. (2002). Retrieved May 13, 2010 from NTSB website:

 http://www.ntsb.gov/events/2001/aa587/default.htm

In fact, over two million more families lived below the poverty line at the time of Murray's research than they had a decade before he published -- and this estimate may have even been conservative (Murray 1994, pp. 133). egardless of the intentions behind American social policy and the welfare reform JFK called for that Murray alludes to in the chapter's opening, it is obvious that all such policies are failing and evening worsening the situation.

In Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950-1980, Charles Murray argues quite compellingly from a consequentialist perspective that social policy in this country is in massive need of reform. In the chapter dealing with the American family, as in much of the rest of his book, Murray basically implies if not outright states that racism and sexism have become institutionalized and monetized, and that this trend has been increasing in recent decades despite efforts to…

References

Murray, C. (1994). Losing ground: American social policy 1950-1980. New York: Basic Books.

In addition, both governments and churches began to grow suspicious of the group, probably because of the "organization's secrecy and liberal religious beliefs" (Watson, 2009). As a result, Portugal and France banned Freemasonry; in fact, it was a capital offense to be a Freemason in Portugal (Watson, 2009). Moreover, "Pope Clement XII forbade Catholics from becoming Freemasons on penalty of excommunication" (Watson, 2009). Feeling pressure in Europe, many Freemasons decided to flee the Old World and travel to the European colonies scattered throughout the world, most notably, America.

Influence on America

Anyone with even a rudimentary knowledge of the Freemasons and American history understands that, whatever resistance the Freemasons met with in Europe was not to be found in America. The Freemasons set up lodges in Boston and Philadelphia, and some of the founding fathers, including Benjamin Franklin and George Washington. More importantly, the Freemasons are reported to have played…

References

Crowe, F. (2003). Things a Freemason should know. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing.

Decker, E. (Unknown). Masonic rituals for the Blue Lodge. Retrieved April 14, 2009 from Saints Alive in Jesus.

Web site:  http://www.saintsalive.com/freemasonry/blue_lodge/blue_lodge_index.htm 

How it began. (1998). Retrieved April 13, 2009 from Grand Lodge a.F. & a.M. Of North

Had the failure of the Cuban invasion not occurred, Kennedy would not have been able to appear so ascendant, and the positive reaction to his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis might not have been as great in magnitude. Truly however, it was his social programs such as the Peace Corps and his focus on establishing peace with the Soviet Union that truly showed him to be the charismatic leader for which he is remembered today.

eferences

Freedom Doctrine Speech." (1961). WGBH Lectures. Accessed 21 January 2009. http://forum.wgbh.org/wgbh/forum.php?lecture_id=1164

John F. Kennedy." (2009) About the White House: Presidents. Accessed 21 January 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnfkennedy/

John Fitzgerald Kennedy." Spartacus Educational. Accessed 21 January 2009. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkennedyJ.htm

O'Brien, M. (2005) John F. Kennedy. New York: Macmillan. etrieved via Google Books 2 January 2009. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=fxzd__gA_I4C&dq=john+f+kennedy&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=b090N20I3D&sig=vZHZ3U4jmj3sFVEx7CFDb7pE4s&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result#PPA494,M1

Parekh, N. (2005). "John F. Kennedy Biography." Accessed 21 January 2009. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-23-2005-64647.asp

Charismatic JFK

References

Freedom Doctrine Speech." (1961). WGBH Lectures. Accessed 21 January 2009. http://forum.wgbh.org/wgbh/forum.php?lecture_id=1164

John F. Kennedy." (2009) About the White House: Presidents. Accessed 21 January 2009.  http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnfkennedy/ 

John Fitzgerald Kennedy." Spartacus Educational. Accessed 21 January 2009. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkennedyJ.htm

O'Brien, M. (2005) John F. Kennedy. New York: Macmillan. Retrieved via Google Books 2 January 2009.  http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=fxzd__gA_I4C&dq=john+f+kennedy&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=b090N20I3D&sig=vZHZ3U4jmj3sFRVEx7CFDb7pE4s&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result#PPA494,M1

This is a more recent time in history, so it was easier to identify with, as well.

The film really made the entire Cuban Missile Crisis clearer to me, too. I had heard of it, and the U-2 spy plane, but the film really laid out all the events in the order they occurred, and it showed just how dangerous a situation it was. It also showed that military intelligence works, even though the original flyby was just fairly routine. If the people who read the spy photographs had been less vigilant, the weapons might never have been discovered, and the situation could have ended far differently. I think the film did a really good job of portraying just how close the world was to nuclear war, too, which was frightening when you really stop to think about it.

This is also a really good historic look into the presidency,…

References

Thirteen Days. Dir. Roger Donaldson. Perf. Kevin Costner and Bruce Greenwood. New Line Cinema, 2000.

They could do it time and time again with success. The first electric car was used on the moon during the Apollo 14 (Endeavor and Falcon) mission (Kennedy Space Center).

Meanwhile in Russia

hile the space program in the United States was busy becoming a popular culture icon, the Russian space program took on a different personality. They still launched missions for "national prestige" (ade). However, the majority of Soviet missions were for military purposes. The Soviet economy played a major role in space efforts. The soviet economy was planned in five-year increments, with long-range military plans being made for the next ten years (ade). This significantly affected the pace of space program development. The Russian space plan was slow to react to American successes.

First generation Soviet launchers had poor reliability. The ten-year plan for the second generation was not approved until 1976 (ade). Third generation plans were approved…

Works Cited

Aerospace. A Brief History: Space Exploration. Last Modified: January 21, 2005.  http://www.aero.org/education/primers/space/history.html . (Accessed October 30, 2008).

Angleo, J. Space Technology. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 2003.

CNN.com. India launches first moon mission. October 22, 2008. CNN.com/Technology.  http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/space/10/22/india.space/index.html  (Accessed October 29, 2008).

Grayzeck, E. Apollo 13 Command and Service Module (CSM). NSSDC ID: 1970-029A. National Space center Data Center.  http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1970-029A  (Accessed October 29, 2008).

68).

Getting liberal legislation passed into law was LBJ's benchmark of effective leadership. He knew how to do it. The most successful at this of any president ever, he followed every detail of legislation and demanded that his aides not simply think they had the support of a representative in Congress but know they had it! "You've got to know you've got him, and there's only one way you know'...Johnson looked into his open hand and closed his fingers into a fist. 'And that's when you've got his pecker right here.' The president opened his desk drawer, acted as if he were dropping something, emphatically slammed the drawer shut, and smiled" (p. 88). Meanwhile, Congress complained it was "bullied, badgered, and brainwashed" (p. 91) by President Johnson's strong-arm Texan tactics.

Schulman (1995) argues that Johnson's liberalism changed national social policy "profoundly" and "permanently altered the nation's political landscape" (p. 121).…

References

Schulman, B.J. (1995). Lyndon B. Johnson and American liberalism: A brief biography with documents. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press.

They point out that if a suspected terrorist gets on a plane and gets off at a place like Copenhagen or Toronto and demands asylum, even if he is not granted asylum, he's pretty much got a safe haven to operate in because he can' be deported or extradited back to where ever he came from. They believe that such lenient 'European' laws create a huge gap in security, which need to be tightened and that human rights conventions such as the Convention Against Torture make it almost impossible for states to gain a reasonable and necessary degree of assurance against devastating attacks in an age of asymmetrical warfare against international terrorists.

Former U.S. officials such as Michael Scheuer, who helped to set up the CIA's rendition program during the Clinton administration, are more forthcoming about commenting on the nature and existence of 'extraordinary' renditions. Scheuer has in different statements…

Works Cited

Begg, Moazzam. "Rendition: Tortured Truth." New Statesman 26 June 2006: 19.

Below the radar: Secret flights to torture and 'disappearance.'" Amnesty International Report. April 5, 2006. February 5, 2008  http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/5d82f002-a2d8-11dc-8d74-6f45f39984e5/amr510512006en.html 

Charter, David. "Britain accused on secret CIA flights." Times Online. November 29, 2006. February 5, 2008.  http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article653418.ece 

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 1987. February 5, 2008. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm

Starvation is a distant memory in both countries.

The Club of Rome refused to take a look at the beneficial effects of the "Green Revolution," pioneered by American scientists in the 1960's. This revolution increased Indian agricultural production to the point that the country was not only able to feed itself, but to do it well. As soon as China gave its peasants 1/2 acre to farm on their own (in the 1960's), overall food production in China climbed 30%. The freeing of the Chinese farms in the 1980's by Deng Xiao Ping not only increased agricultural production; it dramatically increased peasant income.

Poorer Workers. The argument of the Club of Rome was pure socialism, and should have been recognized as such in 1972. Compare the average lifestyle of an ECD citizen today and in 1972: Home ownership, automobile ownership, richness of diet, ability to travel -- all are drastically…

One can argue that the world has more conflict today than in 1972, and therefore the effects predicted by the Club of Rome were muted. This author would argue that the world today is a much more peaceful place, which allows for the flowering of the world's population. What is clear is that if there is genocide, an ethnic cleansing or a populist uprising in the world today, people will know about it. The millions killed in the Cultural Revolution will never be accounted for because there was little public knowledge or recognition. Today, the military dictators of Burma, North Korea or Iran are no longer able to get away with murder in silence. Although religious differences still exist today, they are hashed out in a public environment. Gone is the secrecy and repression of the Cold War period -- dictators can no longer hide behind their loyalty to the Soviet Union, China or the United States.

The Club of Rome's predictions were wrong in 1972, and are wrong today. This author takes a much more optimistic view of citizens -- their ability to understand, adapt and change to their environment. As compared with 1972, we have many more people on this earth, but also many more who are living well.

Limits to Growth: The Thirty-Year Update

One of the best points is brought forth by Higgins, who writes that an estimated force of 1500 men were sent to take on no less than 25,000 Cubans (Higgins 1987). "In the end, of approximately 1300 men who actually landed on the beaches from the Brigade, almost 1200 were captured and about 100 killed in combat (Higgins 149). The Brigade, if they failed, were expected to escape into the protected areas that connected to the Bay of Pigs; when in fact those areas, the conditions of the terrain, the poor training and preparation of the Brigade, made such escape impossible (Higgins 149).

Years later, declassified papers and tapes from the hite House would lend insight into the fiasco, but not clarity. One thing that was evidenced from the hite House tapes is that the Bay of Pigs continued to be a source of humiliation and annoyance to President Kennedy…

Works Cited www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105514152

Blight, James G. And Peter Kornbluh, eds. 1999. Politics of Illusion: The Bay of Pigs Invasion Reexamined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.  

President Bush got government backing to go to war with Iraq. This is a classic example of Tuchman's point.

Even against all advice by the American public, and the outcry that has recently become deafening he pursues the war. Even though it has caused is popularity rating to nosedive he has pursued the war.

This book gave me a solid understanding of how and why such follies occur and make me wonder how we have evolved so far as a society without being able to learn from our past mistakes.

This book is a must read for anyone who looks at history with a question mark and wants to know whether history indeed repeats itself.

FOG of WA

The movie the Fog of War was not similar to March of Folly. It covered an entirely different topic and served an entirely different purpose.

This movie is about a very specific…

References

Tuchman Barbara (1985)the March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam (Paperback)

Ballantine Books;

The Fog of War