Juvenile Justice System - Contemporary Juvenile Justice System and Juvenile Detention Alternatives" by William W. Patton (2012)
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution extended the protections afforded by the Bill of ights to all American citizens, including juveniles. Today, juveniles in the United States, though, are considered special cases that require a different adjudicative approach than that provided adult offenders, but it has not always been this way. In fact, until the end of the 19th century, juveniles in the United States who became involved with the criminal justice system were treated in the much the same fashion as adults. By the fin de siecle, reforms had been made to adjudicate youthful offenders in separate channels from adults. Nevertheless, critics maintain that the American criminal justice system continues to respond to periodic calls from the general public for harsher treatment of repeat juvenile offenders in ways that deny them….

juvenile justice system in America. The writer discusses the start of the system and the major changes that have taken place in the system over the past 100 years. There were four sources used to complete this paper.
Following events such as Columbine the American public began to demand a re-evaluation of the juvenile justice system in this nation. What many people do not know is that the American juvenile justice system has undergone many changes over the past 100 years. Those changes have come on the heels of events such as the Columbine shooting, teen rapes, and other violent crimes. They have also been implemented as a proactive step to try and prevent future problems. The past 100 years of the juvenile justice system have seen several major changes in its operation and policy (History of America's Juvenile Justice System (http://www.juvenilejusticefyi.com/history_of_juvenile_justice.html)

History

The problem of juvenile offenders is not new to….

Criminal Justice
Juvenile justice

Gang Control Methods

Descriptions

Law Enforcement Efforts

The traditional police personnel from the youth unit control the gang.

Police officers from youth or detective unit are charged with controlling activities of the gang.

Setting up of gang unit within the police to exclusively control gang activity.

The Chicago Police Department set up gang crime section to process information on gangs and gang leaders.

The Los Angeles Police Department engages in crime breaking activities that involve arresting, prosecution, conviction and incarceration of gang leaders.

Community Control Efforts

The detached street worker program works with gangs in their own turf. Those facilitating these programs participate in gang activities to get to know their members.

Spergel's Community Gang Control Program is one such body that engages in community mobilization to control gang activities.

Adapted from Siegel & Welsh, 2005

PAT 2

Appendix E

Theory

Description

Anthropological

Gangs always appeal to adolescents' primitive tribal instincts. According to this theory members of a gang will always use signs and symbols.

Socio-cultural

This….

Some of the guidelines have, as Mears indicates, "…veered strongly toward retribution and incapacitation." To wit, politicians run for office on promises to get tough on crime, and hence they pass laws like "three strikes" and "zero tolerance" that do not allow for sentencing that is based on the offender's age, his background, and his previous record (Riestenberg, 2006). The solution that should be sought would be having the court "consider the needs of the offender" and how to go about meeting those needs (Mears, 2002).
Question one (d): A system of graduated sanctions that offers a flexible option for prosecutors and judges would be ideal in the juvenile justice system. One of the "treatments" (or policies) that is offered as a sanction that has a positive aspect to it is restorative justice, where the person committing the crime is brought together with the victim. This has been used as….

Juvenile Justice System. Please shed light 1) Juveniles adult Juvenile Courts & 2) a revolving door juveniles. Please explain Juvenile justice system. APA format work cited page. Use book class, Juvenile Justice, An Introduction, 8th edition John T.
The present research focuses on the way in which the juvenile court system impacts children below the age of maturity, which according to the judicial system is 18 years of age that are being tried as adults rather than as juveniles. There are several perspectives to take into account in discussing the issue. In this sense, the research reviews the general notions about the juvenile judicial system, what its authority is and purpose as well as its raison d'etre. Secondly, there is a wide belief that children trialed as adults is not necessarily a good practice to follow or encourage particularly due to the fact that this does not allow for a….

hat is significant about youth court is that the attorneys, jurors and even the judges are themselves adolescents and many times former defendants (Butts, Hoffman & Buck, 1999). The foundational premise or ideology behind youth courts is that the youth's judgment from their peer cohorts may be more convincing and in the long run beneficial than judgment handed down by officials and adults in the judicial system. Because many times the participants in youth court as jurors, attorneys and judges have been through the system, the sanctions handed down are frequently stiffer than what a defendant would have received had they gone through more formalized proceedings (Butt, Hoffman & Buck, 1999). In many ways, those who have gone through the system use youth court and the sanctions that follow as a 'wake-up call' to the first time offender.
One of the concerns expressed by researchers in the field of juvenile….

Humes sees this as a defect of the system both from the point-of-view of justice and rehabilitation. On one hand, it is not fair that a family has less time to talk about the loss they have experienced, simply because the person who victimized their beloved son, daughter, mother, or father happened to be below the age of eighteen. On the other hand, perpetrators do not have to confront the consequences of their crimes: they are shielded from learning about the full effects of the tragedy they have caused. Humes even implies that this makes it easier for prosecutors to cut deals with juveniles, since the prosecutors do not have to suffer the uncomfortable and impolitic sight of the family in court, talking about their tragedy.

Even for more minor offenses, victims are 're-victimized' by the system -- because of lax policing and procedures juvenile cases are frequently dismissed because witnesses….

Called bang-jiao, it works to rehabilitate juveniles with a community group of parents, friends, relatives and representatives from the neighborhood committee and the police station. Formal rehabilitation is pursued in either a work-study school for juveniles or a juvenile reformatory. The emphasis for both is education and light or labor work (Ibid., 155-156).
China officially banned capital punishment for youth who were under 18 at the time of committing the capital crime in a 1997 amendment of its Criminal Code. However, the country has since executed two-18-year-olds, one in 2003 and one in 2004.

Recent news reports from China report that rates of juvenile crime continue to surge yearly. In 2007, juvenile crime was reported as increasing 13% annually since 2000 (China Daily 2007). The major provinces of Guangdong and Shanghai report huge increases in vagrant youth and orphan populations (enfang, May 5, 2010; Hongyi, July 7, 2009). These increases result….

History Of Juvenile Justice System, Court and Corrections
History of Juvenile Justice System, Court, and Corrections

What would happen to him if he committed the crime of breaking and entering with the aggravating circumstances of assault during the colonial period? Explain in detail.

In the colonial era, individuals involved in burglary related crimes were given many different punishments from what they are given now. From crimes of breaking, Jim would have been given much harsher punishments. Most laws developed during the colonial period were strictly based on religion. Anybody acting against God wishes will be punished severely (Pollock, 2011).

List the punishments and the reasons for why they are given.

During the colonial period, any one who committed the crime of breaking would be tortured and then executed. Gallows and drowning pits were used for both major and petty criminals. Suspects who failed to admit the charges suffered pressing: here huge weights were put on….

Lawmakers and professionals in the criminal justice field face significant issues with regards to the status of the existing juvenile justice system and its effectiveness in dealing with crime among juveniles. Given the prevailing circumstances in this sector, many state agencies have been forced to scale back on their programs. The juvenile justice system has been affected with this trend despite the role it plays in handling future generations. As a result, the juvenile justice system is faced with the need to revamp its courts in order to save money and manpower. This need comes at a time when there is a severe increase of juveniles with mental illnesses, anger issues and behavioral problems who are in jail/detention centers that would benefit more from an effective therapy program. In this regard, I propose the inclusion of effective therapy programs in the juvenile justice system through Youth Opportunity and Treatment framework.
Youth….

Juvenile Justice System: Contemporary Juvenile Justice System and Juvenile Detention Alternatives Past Issues and Historical Trends in Juvenile Justice
Contemporary juvenile justice is in trouble. For nearly a century, the juvenile justice system was designed to protect young people and provide them with rehabilitation programs and services that would mitigate problems and prevent further delinquency. Young offenders would be treated less as criminals and more as persons in need of assistance, with the state often serving as parens patriae, a de facto parent for wayward youth (Marcus, 2004, p. 1). As effective and compassionate as the juvenile justice system in America was, recent trends in criminal justice have shifted away from separate juvenile proceedings. “Tough on crime” and rhetoric of intolerance has fueled the rise of punitive measures. Punitive measures, such as trying young people in the adult justice system, undermines the core values and intentions of juvenile justice. In fact, research….

Parameters of the Juvenile Justice System
Development

The current juvenile system in the U.S. traces its roots to more than 100 years of legal practices and traditions. Additionally, social values, and emerging trends have continued to improve the system. In ancient Greece and ome, a thin line of distinction existed between the expectations & rights of children and adults. Children were treated in a similar way the adults were treated (Historical Overview of the Juvenile Justice). The American justice system also draws a lot from the English common law, which did not have special consideration for juvenile crimes. It was in the early 1800's that children started being seen as human beings at a unique stage of development, thus, they were no longer viewed as smaller adults who had moral and cognitive capacity of adults.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, there was an increase in urbanization and immigration alongside other social….

Grantsmanship ProposalProject DescriptionMental health disorders in the last year have increased as uncertainty about job security and isolation from social interactions has increased. While these challenges have greatly affected adults, children are disproportionately affected if their parents suffer a mental health disorder. These challenges in children go undiagnosed and often result in delinquent behavior and result in juvenile incarceration. According to Underwood and Washington (2016), 80% of the children who have been incarcerated or in the juvenile justice system have a mental health disorder. Recently, the rate of juvenile incarceration has been on the rise with low tolerance by the education system for defiant behavior (Paternoster & Bachman, 2013). Before 1980, rehabilitative measures were used to address juvenile offenders; however, due to a surge in delinquency, punitive measures were adopted. However, this approach was strategically a mishap since this led to 40% incarceration of adults who have been in the….

eforming the Juvenile Justice System: In Search of Justice and Accountability
While the overall crime rate has steadily decreased over the last decade throughout the country, there is one segment of crime that has been increasing: criminal offences committed by juveniles (National Criminal Justice eference Service: 2002). In the last 15 years, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the incidence of criminal offences committed by juveniles (under the age of 15) increased 94%. While a number of these juveniles were convicted of committing petty crimes such as vandalism and theft, there has been a significant increase in the number of serious juvenile offences such as robberies, weapons offences, assaults, and murders. However, there is something that is not quantitatively measured in these crime statistics -- the increasing brutality and ruthlessness of the crimes committed by juvenile offenders. Over the last two decades, we have seen an increasing string of cases….

Forensic Social Work: Discussion 9 Discuss whether or not the Juvenile Justice System is a racial justice issue.
It is important to note, from the onset, that according to Robles-Ramamurthy and Watson (2019), there are various research studies that have been conducted in the past in an attempt to assess the extent of racial disparities in the juvenile justice system. As the authors further point out, there are many who have also “raised concerns about the differential treatment and selection of youth based on race” (117). There is no doubt whatsoever that when racial representation in the juvenile justice system is disproportionate, concerns about equality of treatment as well as fundamental fairness are bound to be raised. At present, the juvenile justice system has major disparities in as far as minority youth involvement versus white youth involvement is concerned.
It should be noted that as the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine….

Trauma refers to any deeply distressing or disturbing event.  Trauma takes many shapes, from intentional abuse to unavoidable traumas like the death of a loved one.  Trauma can have long-lasting effects including impacts on both physical health and mental health.  Because of the differences in personality acquisition and perceived and real differences in helplessness and power, one might anticipate that trauma would impact children differently than it impacts young people. 

For example, children who experience trauma are more likely to experience learning problems.  Kids experiencing trauma may have lower grades and behavior problems in....

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1. The Disproportionate Impact of Poverty on Access to Justice

Explore the systemic barriers faced by low-income individuals in accessing legal services, including lack of financial resources, limited awareness of legal rights, and discrimination.
Examine the role of poverty in perpetuating legal inequality and fostering a cycle of disadvantage.

2. The Intersecting Effects of Race, Class, and Gender on Legal Outcomes

Analyze the complex interplay between social class, race, and gender, and its impact on access to justice for marginalized communities.
Discuss how these intersecting identities can exacerbate legal barriers and shape courtroom experiences.

3. The Role of Legal Aid in Mitigating....