Gram Lab

Gram Staining Lab

The Gram staining of bacteria is one of the most important tests in identifying specific bacterial strains, and is usually the first test performed when medical or research laboratories need to identify an unknown bacteria (Xu, 1997; AACC, 2011). Named for the inventor of the technique, Hans Christian Gram, Gram staining first came into use in Gram's own Danish medical and research practice in 1882, and became very widely known and used after the details of the technique were published in 1884 (Xu, 1997). Though some adjustments can be made to the original technique without losing effectiveness, the basic process of Gram staining has remained unchanged for over a century, and is as effective and essential a test today as it was in the latter half of the nineteenth century (Xu, 1997).

Simply put, the Gram staining test often (though not always) allows the researcher…

References

AACC. (2011). Gram Stain. American Association for Clinical Chemistry. Accessed 14 September 2011.  http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/gram-stain/tab/test 

Xu, G. (1997). Gram stain. University of Pennsylvania Health System. Accessed 14 September 2011.  http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/bugdrug/antibiotic_manual/gram.htm

Social Science esearch

Lab 4: Quantitative Data Analysis

Univariate Analysis

Examine your data and complete the following:

SHOT NAME

LONG NAME

% Yes

CIGEVE

EVE SMOKED A CIGAETTE

ALCEVE

EVE HAD DINK OF ALCOHOLIC BEVEAGE

MJEVE

EVE USED MAIJUANA/HASHISH

COCEVE

EVE USED COCAINE

CKEVE

EVE USED CACK

HEEVE

EVE USED HEOIN

ISEX

IMPUTATION EVISED GENDE

The sample in this study is __50____ % male and ____50__ % female.

Write a brief sentence describing the pattern of drug use by those surveyed in this study. Hint: Which drugs are more frequently used than others? Try using the data (%) in your description.

According to the results given above, many people are currently using illicit drugs of varying kinds. The statistics show that alcohol is the substance, which is most abused by a percentage of 81.6 out of 100 often in form of beverages. 36.9% of people used marijuana while cocaine, crack,…

References

National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2001 (2012, August 18). National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2001 . SDA 3.5: Tables. Retrieved August 16, 2012, from  http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/cgi-bin/SDA/SAMHDA/hsda3 

Soodeen, F. (2008, January 22). Men 'drink far more than women' . BBC News. Retrieved August 16, 2012, from  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7201874.stm

Business eport

Medtronic (MDT) is focused on manufacturing and marketing devices used in health care. The different kinds of products that are sold by the company include: cardio vascular / ear / throat / gastroenterology merchandise, surgical equipment, implants and imaging systems. The company is based out of Minneapolis, Minnesota and was incorporated in 1949. ("Medtronic," 2012)

Abbott Labs is a health care products manufacture. They are concentrating on the distribution and sale of merchandise in a number of segments. The most notable include: pharmaceuticals, diagnosis systems / tests, stents, generic drugs and medical management software. The firm was established in 1888 and is located in Abbott Park, Illinois. ("Abbott Labs," 2012)

Financial statement and ratio analysis on both companies.

The financial statements and ratio analysis are showing how both firms have strong fundamentals. The below table is contrasting these factors for Medtronic and Abbott Labs.

Financial Information and atios…

References

Abbott Labs. (2012). Stock Charts.com. Retrieved from:  http://stockcharts.com/h-sc/ui 

Abbott Labs. (2012). Yahoo Finance. Retrieved from:  http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=ABT+Profile 

Abbott Laboratories 10Q. (2012).

Abbott Reports Strong Second Quarter Results. (2012). Abbott.com. Retrieved from:  http://www.abbott.com /news-media/press-releases/abbott-reports-strong-second-quarter-results.htm

Macroeconomics

Abbott Labs and Macroeconomics

It is a fact that the recent economic downturn affected every individual and company in some way, but companies that had solid business plans prior to the start of the crisis were better able to weather the financial storm. For example, a company that had a diverse range of business that included both products that depended the level of a consumer's disposable income and another group of products that are indispensable would probably be able to meet its financial goals despite global economic issues. Such a company is Abbott Laboratories. Because the primary business of Abbott is producing medical devices, pharmaceuticals and tests that are widely considered standards in the medical community (Abbott Laboratories, 2012), the company has been able to maintain its profitability throughout the economic crisis. However, macroeconomic indicators do have an effect on the continued economic viability of the company and they…

References

Abbott Laboratories. (2012). 2011 annual report. Retrieved from  http://www.abbott.com /static/content/microsite/annual_report/2011/yearinreview. php

Angell, M. (2012). Excess in the pharmaceutical industry. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 171(12).

Barnes, R. (2012). Economic indicators: Overview. Retrieved from  http://www.investopedia.com/university/releases/#axzz23ADx6TVd 

Roerhig, C., Turner, A., Hughes-Cromwick, P. & Miller, G. (2012). When the health cost curve bent: Pre-recession moderation in healthcare spending. New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved from  http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1205958

Predator and Prey Lab

This lab was performed by cutting out 100 small squares of five different colors, representing prey. There were twenty squares each of yellow, blue, red, green, and black that were spread evenly on a one by one meter newspaper. Two people then began to pick up the squares until only 25 remained. The field of prey was then replenished by adding three similarly colored squares for each "survivor" to replicate reproduction and the results were tallied. This action was performed three more times, yielding the following results:

How do the original and surviving prey populations compare?

The black and blue populations increased greatly, while all the others decreased with each successive generation.

How did the colors of each type of prey affect its population size over time?

The darker colors saw their population grow while brighter colors saw their populations decline over time.

What color(s) seemed…

business plan for a unique business opportunity- a sleep lab. This paper investigates the unique business needs of this business as well as the challenges of engaging the surrounding community, its employees as well as clients on the health benefits of sleep as well as the necessity for the identification as well as treatment of various sleep disorders. The safety needs of the participant are also taken into consideration and well as the setup and running costs.

A sleep disorder is noted by Al Ghamdi (2009) to be a medical disorder of a person's sleep patterns and is a serious condition that affects an individual's normal mental, physical as well as emotional functions. Most sleep disorders can effectively be diagnosed and treated in a sleep lab or center via a common test referred to as polysomnogram (Patil,2010).

Sleeps disorders as a source of public health concern

Sleep is also being…

References

Al Ghamdi, M (2009). Business Plan for Sleep Center. Boise State University ScholarWorks

CDC (2011). Unhealthy Sleep-Related Behaviors -- 12 States, 2009.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Weekly Vol. 60(8).

Ibis World (2012).Sleep Disorder Clinics in the U.S.: Market Research Report. Sleep Disorder Clinics Market Research Report. Available online at  http://www.ibisworld.com/industry/sleep-disorder-clinics.html 

Jonson, D. (May-June, 2008). Are you really managing your sleep lab. Focus Journal,

Consultation eport

***Sample Title Page

Consultation eport: Homes' Blue Oaks

Observations

Consulting Arborists, Inc. was called by ASAP Enterprises to assess the damage to species Quescas douglasii on the property of Steve and Christine Homes because they have recently become brown and show signs of dying. The initial program was to walk the property and visually examine the trees to determine the extent of the damage and see if any other species are similarly affected. It appears that all Blue Oaks on the property, both those that are in the actual landscape and those in the surrounding forest, have been affected but no other plant species appear to be in distress. The homeowners were then questioned as to their actions to try and alleviate the issue, and they said that they have only pruned the dead branches but have not used any fungicide or other herbicide. The landscape includes irrigation…

References

Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory. (1999). Plant healthcare program: Blue Oak. Retrieved from  http://www.ufei.org/ForesTree/files/collected/Blueoak.pdf 

Blue Planet. (2010). Blue Oak. Retrieved from  http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/blue_oak.htm 

Garbelotto, M, & Schmidt, D.J. (2009). Phosphonate controls sudden oak death pathogen for up to two years. California Agriculture, 63(1), 10-17.

NASWC. (2000). Oak tree diseases. Retrieved from  http://www.naswc.org/docs/oak_tree_diseases.pdf

Police eport

On the afternoon of February 8, 2007, I received a dispatch call on a potential homicide at 1100 SE Lynn Boulevard, Prineville, Oregon. This location is the local high school, named Crook County High School. The information given to me prior to my arrival at the scene is as follows:

Upon arrival to the scene, school security guard William Parkins and responding Officer Edward ichardson of Crook County Police department provided some information to me. Parkins provided to me the name of the victim, Marc Hollingsworth. Officer ichardson informed me that Hollingsworth's mother, Karen Lynn Griesel Hollingsworth, was already notified and currently en route to our location. Parkins then told me that student and girlfriend of the victim, Amber Johnson, had been the one to find Hollingsworth's body after seeing his red 2000 Ford F150 in the back row of the school parking lot. Soon before seeing him,…

References

Bend Bulletin. (2007, February 14). Marc Adam Hollingsworth. Retrieved January 19, 2011

from http://www.bendbulletin.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070214/NEWS05/702140312/1010

Fisher, B. (2004). Techniques of crime scene investigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Saferstein, R. (2004). Criminalistics: An introduction to forensic science. Upper Saddle River,

The obesity crisis is, I believe, even more important than problems surrounding food safety-borne epidemics. Despite the recent attention given to obesity in the popular media, obesity is in some ways more difficult to treat than food safety issues. People's consciousness may be raised by a fear if becoming sick through food poisoning and throw out the offending, recalled products on their shelves if they contain salmonella or e.coli, but they seem less willing and/or able to change food habits that have been ingrained within them since childhood.

The diabetes epidemic, along with other illnesses related to obesity (like heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and osteoarthritis) will increase unless more active preventative healthcare measures are undertaken on a wide scale. Limiting the number of fast food restaurants that can be present in a specific area and near schools, along with promoting the spread of grocery stores and farmer's…

Changing lifestyles is a vital aspect of making the community healthier -- as well as the world. Sanitary and healthy cooking conditions are, of course, extremely important to observe and to know about, on an individual basis. Increasing the ease of reporting suspected unsafe conditions is also vitally important. But the relative safety of day-in, day-out food choices -- food choices that are often taken for granted -- also cannot be dismissed.

Reference

Engber, Daniel (2009). Does poverty make people poor? Slate. Retrieved November 2, 2010 at  http://www.slate.com/id/2229523/

While this paper focuses on process-centric improvements to McCarran, the research completed for this paper highlights the critical need for an all-encompassing IT architecture that allows for data to support both processes as thoroughly as possible.

Figure 3: Combining the Check-in and retailing processes for greater efficiency

Luggage and Baggage Process Improvements

Another major area of process improvement McCarran needed to focus on was luggage and baggage handling. The airport had been losing between 10% to 30% of all bags, leading to high levels of customer dissatisfaction and many manual processes attempting to compensate for the confusion around this broken process. Relying on Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) McCarran piloted several programs for baggage tagging, management and retrieval using the RFID standard. In the retail industry, Wal-Mart has been a pioneer in establishing higher levels of performance in logistics and supply chain performance using RFID, and McCarran's many efforts have…

Joustra & Dijik (2001) - Paul E. Joustra and Nico M. Van Dijk. SIMULATION OF CHECK-IN AT AIRPORTS. Presented Proceedings of the 2001 Winter Simulation Conference B.A. Peters, J.S. Smith, D.J. Medeiros, and M.W. Rohrer, eds. http://delivery.acm.org.l/10.1145/570000/564271/p1023joustra.pdf?key1=564271&key2=2390578611&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=11352431&CFTOKEN=77150947

Liu and Wang (2006) - Integrated RFID Data Modeling: An Approach for Querying Physical Objects in Pervasive Computing IBM Silicon Valley Lab and Siemens Corporate Research Princeton, NJ, USA CIKM'06, November 5-11, 2006, Arlington, Virginia, USA.

Study in Contrasts (2006) - A Study in Contrasts: The Evolving SOA Strategies of IBM And Microsoft Thursday, October 05, 2006: Dennis Gaughan. AMR Research. Article.

Fortunately, no NC responders have been killed, but around the country every year several first responders are injured or die from job-related exposures to these labs" (efilmgroup, 2009).

The fire department seems to be at the forefront of the risk in many cases, because a significant number of the clan labs are called in as explosions or fires. In other words, often the fire service doesn't know exactly what they are getting into. Calls may report medical aid is needed, or that someone is injured, a structure fire, trash fire, or investigation is required of some suspicious "smoke," a strange odor, or someone dumping illegally, and on. And the actual mix of whatever it really is could be fatally toxic to someone -- like the fire service or police -- who first encounters it. These chemicals are mixes of: acetone, methanol, benzene, ether, hydriodic acid, muriatic acid, sodium hydroxide, and…

Bibliography

Clandestine drug laboratories. (1997, June). Retrieved December 5, 2009, from phoenix.gov:  http://www.phoenix.gov/fire/20407.pdf  efilmgroup. (2009). Meth labs - a to z hazard for emergency responders. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from efilmgroup.com: http://www.efilmgroup.com/AtoZ.html

IAFF. (2009). The methamphetamine problem: A health and safety overview for firefighters. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from International association of firefighters (IAFF):  http://www.iaff.org/HS/Resi/Methamphetamine%20final.htm 

IDEM. (n.d.). Indiana department of environmental management (IDEM):Cleanup illegal drug labs. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from in.gov (Indiana):  http://www.in.gov/idem/4178.htm 

Peterson, D. (n.d.). Hazardous materials - clandestine drug labs. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from State of Minnesota (from Firehouse.com):  http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs  / the/meth/lab/dpeterson.pdf

The first component is as follows: Net Margin = Net Income/Sales. How much profit Abbott laboratories makes for very $1.00 it generates in revenue, and the higher a company's profit margin the better. The second component is as follows: Asset Turnover = Sales/Total Assets. The amount of sales generated for every dollar's worth of assets. This measures Abbott's efficiency at using assets, and again, the higher the number the better. The final factor of the Du Pont analysis is as follows: Leverage Factor = Total Assets/Shareholder's Equity. The higher the number, the more debt the company has. Abbott's Du Pont analysis is computed using the following equation:

In this case, for the end of 2006, Abbott Laboratories reported a net income of $717 million dollars, sales of $22,476 million, total assets for 2006 of $36, 178 million, and equity of $14,054 for 2006. Placing these figures into the equation above…

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbott. (2007). About the Company. Retrieved November 9, 2007 at  http://www.abbott.com .

Epsicom. (2007). Abbott Medical Device Company Intelligence Report. Retrieved November 9, 2007 at  http://www.piribo.com/publications/medical_devices/companies/abbott_medical_device_company_intelligence_report.html .

McKinnell, H. (2003). Performance Report. Bayer AG 2003 Annual Review: 1-30.

Rogers, M. (2003). Risk Management in Real Options-Based Pharmaceutical

Campus Gelato Pushcat

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS REPORT

Poposed on-Campus Gelato Pushcat Plan

Backgound and Pupose of Feasibility Analysis

Maketing Analysis

Key Conclusions

Technology

Maketing

Economics

Finances

Technical Appendices

Pimay Reseach -- On-Campus Suvey

Pimay Reseach -- Management Inteview

Beak-Even Analysis

Pimay Reseach - Pofit Analysis

Cost of Goods Sold

Fixed Costs

Beak-Even Computations

Pefeed Gelato Pushcat Locations

Pefeed Season fo Gelato Consumption

Students' Pediction of Pe Week Gelato Puchasing

Student Pice Pefeence fo Single Scoop

Summay Repot - Entepeneuship

Backgound and Pupose of Feasibility Analysis

Backgound. Bond Univesity main campus is located in a egion with wam sping, summe, and fall weathe. This consistently favoable climate fostes student inteest in cool efeshments. Because the campus is elatively isolated, students must dive a consideable distance to the neaest town in ode to have access to a ange of sevices and entetainment sites beyond what is immediately located on-campus. Students cuently can buy…

references are indicated in Appendix D, Break-Even Figures.

Figures for low-end pushcart sales of gelato have been established, using as a day that was partly sunny and partly rainy as a baseline.

Demand for frozen treats was estimated by the manager based on his experience in the restaurant (i.e., ice cream).

Permission for licensing the gelato pushcart is embedded in the restaurant's operating license and health inspections. However, permission must also be obtained from the University to operate the pushcart on campus.

The restaurant manager has tentatively accepted a proposal for a partnership with the gelato pushcart operations. The first-pass agreement is that the restaurant will procure supplies, make the gelato, and store frozen gelato in its facility. In exchange for these services, 30% of the gross profit is to go to the restaurant. The distribution and sales of the gelato will be carried out by the entrepreneurial team.

Pendulum Waves Science Fair eport

ichard Berg from the University of Maryland explained in his journal how to build a set of uncoupled pendula, which display "pendulum waves" back in 1991. The patterns exhibited by this demonstration are quite breathtaking and the manner in which the patterns actually cycle is nothing less than spectacular. This demonstration is available in The Video Encyclopedia of Physics and it is also somehow simple to construct from scratch. The aim of this report is to discuss how the wave-like patterns created by the swinging pendula could be explained by a simple extension to the standard decryption of transverse oscillating waves in a single dimension (Couder, Proti'ere, Fort and Boudaoud, 2005). Apart from the math being very graceful in its right, it is also useful to know that the recurring patterns observed in the pendula in fact surface from aliasing of the fundamental continual function,…

References

Caska, A. J. and Finnigan, T. D. (2008). Hydrodynamic characteristics of a cylindrical bottom-pivoted wave energy absorber, Ocean Eng., 35(1): 6-16.

Couder, Y. Proti'ere, S. Fort, E. and Boudaoud, A. (2005). Walking and orbiting droplets. Nature, 437:208.

Falnes, J. (2002). Optimum control of oscillation of wave-energy converters. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 12(2): 147-154.

Flocard, F. and Finnigan, T. D. (2012). Increasing power capture of a wave energy device by inertia adjustment, Appl. Ocean Res., 34, 126-134.

practitioner in a family medical practice, a physician will see an assortment of ailments. Many inflicted individuals first seek aid in a family practice setting. From that point multiple outcomes and referrals are possible. The treatment can also vary greatly. Treatment can range from a simple dose of antibiotics to surgery. In this aspect, family clinics and physicians are of great importance in American society. Branchial cleft cysts are fairly uncommon and there are three known types. As it is the result of a recessive genetic disorder, both parents must be carries for the ailment. "The birth defect may appear as open spaces called cleft sinuses, which may develop on one or both sides of the neck. A branchial cleft cyst may form from fluid drained from a sinus. The cyst or sinus can become infected" (McGuirt, 2005). This type of cyst is generally composed of squamous or columnar cell…

References

Healthwise Inc. (2009, July 6). Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of the Body. Retrieved April 2, 2011, from  http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/computed-tomography-ct-scan-of-the-body 

Hong, C.-H. (2010, July 14). Branchial Cleft Cyst . Retrieved April 2, 2011, from medscape.com:  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1110351-overview 

Kaneshiro, N.K. (2009, November 2). Branchial Cleft Cyst. NY Times .

McGuirt, W. (2005). Differential diagnoses of neck masses. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, 1102-1118.

Kaspersky Lab

Technology and Product eview for Endpoint Protection Solutions: Kasperksy Lab

Whereas technological advancements have presented important advantages for business organisations, they have increased security concerns. Viruses, worms, hacking, identity theft, and other cyber threats have been on the rise, with cyber criminals advancing in skill, expertise, and shrewdness. These threats, which are increasingly targeted at the point of the end user, can result in the loss of critical and confidential information such as customer data and business secrets, consequently leading to dire consequences on an organisation, such as reduced customer confidence, loss of revenue, and expensive lawsuits. To avoid this risk, it is important for ed Clay enovations to have a strong endpoint protection platform. This is particularly crucial given the widespread usage of intermittent cellular devices by employees to access the internet and the organisation's network while in the field. Endpoint protection platforms provide endpoints with defence…

References

Consumer Affairs (2016). Consumer complaints and reviews. Retrieved from:  https://www.consumeraffairs.com/computers/kaspersky-anti-virus.html 

Kaspersky Lab (n.d.). Company overview. Retrieved from:  https://www.kaspersky.com/about/company 

Rouse, M. (2015). Endpoint security management. Retrieved from:  http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/endpoint-security-management 

Rubenking, N. (2016). Kaspersky antivirus. Retrieved from:  http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2460689,00.asp

To handle these responsibilities, intelligence agents need to possess certain skills and education. Most positions require at least a bachelor's degree, and degrees in politics or the sciences are recommended. Applicants need to possess strong writing skills, especially with analytical reports. Strong oral presentation skills are desired. Applicants need to be able to absorb and synthesize large amounts of information, to convey ideas thoroughly and logically, and be able to draw logical conclusions based on careful research and analysis. Computer knowledge and data entry are key skills. In addition, intelligence agents demonstrate leadership and show strong teamwork. Other requirements can include the ability to travel, familiarity with automated tools and systems, and foreign language skills. An applicant to any intelligence department must be able to pass a polygraph test, a background check to gain security clearance, and a psychological interview.

After achieving the right skill set and education, there are…

Attributes of a Well-Designed case report form

Well- Referenced

An informative footer and header are some of the components of a case report form (CRF) that is well-referenced. A good footer or header contains information such as page number, date of printing, subject initials, subject ID, protocol number and sponsor ID. These pieces of information identify the CRF page in a unique manner.

All the CRF booklet's pages ought to be numbered sequentially. This assists in the identification of manual review and data validation queries. Where there is just a single cumulative log page or unscheduled assessment being printed, one can insert a sequence number in the footer so that the pages being photocopied can easily be sequentially identified. A CRF that is well designed in the case of data collection in a laboratory would capture all the essential parameters linking to the central laboratory. Where the study takes place…

Bibliography

Bellary, S., Krishnankutty, B., & Latha, M. (2014). Basics of case report form designing in clinical research. NCBI, 159-166.

CCRNCI. (n.d.). Clinical Data Management. Retrieved from crrod.cancer.gov:  https://ccrod.cancer.gov/confluence/download/attachments/71041052/CDM.pdf 

Clinical Trial Designs. (n.d.). Retrieved from onlinecourses.science.psu.edu: https://onlinecourses.science.psu.edu/stat509/book/export/html/18

DHHS. (2013). Oversight of Clinical Investigations -- A Risk-Based Approach to Monitoring. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration.

pag). Some business will continue as usual, of course: Abbott's nutrition division, based in Columbus, Ohio and employing approximately 2,000 people, announced that the nutrition unit will "fall under the umbrella of a new medical products company that will retain the Abbott name in a split announced ednesday" (Rouan n.pag). In addition, the announcement has apparently met with international investor approval: "At the news, Abbott's shares went up 7.3% in premarket trading on ednesday" (M2 Pharma n.pag).

The split is expected to occur in 2012 and will result in the currently-unnamed pharmaceutical company and the diversified medical products company, retaining the name "Abbott" (Abbott Laboratories n.pag).

(a). Pharmaceutical Company:

The pharmaceutical company is projected to have annual sales of approximately $18 Billion, a portfolio including Abbott's high-profile drugs such as Humira and Lupron, and a pipeline of "promising new specialty medicines and formulations" (Abbott Laboratories n.pag). According to Abbott's press…

Works Cited

Abbott Laboratories. A Tradition of Innovation. n.d. Web. 22 October 2011.

-- . Abbott Reports Strong Ongoing Third Quarter Results; Confirms Double-Digit Ongoing Earnings Growth Outlook for 2011. 19 October 2011. Web. 21 October 2011.

-- . Abbott to Separate into Two Leading Companies in Diversified Medical Products and Research-Based Pharmaceuticals. 19 October 2011. Web. 21 October 2011.

-- . Abbott Worldwide. n.d. 2011. Web. 21 October 2011.

Chromatin Lab Report

The use of DNA in today's world is very obvious, and the ability of the researcher and scientist to successfully manipulate this source of information to contribute to learning and understanding is great and powerful. DNA is found amongst chromatin which is found in certain types of fatty cells. Chromatin is key to the design of cells as it provides blueprints on how individual cells can be constructed. Since the packing structure of DNA is very dense this chemical reaction provides an understanding of how cellular relationships unfold and manifest.

DNA must be removed from the Chromatin which is stored as nucleosomes as the DNA strands wrap around these cellular structures. Saline provides an excellent solution to help separate these bonds and provide the isolating power to extract DNA for further examination. To salinize the targeted substance a constant and increasing amount of saline solution is added…

There are also influential political interests in various industries who are lobbying Congress to promote data that indicates climate change is not related to human activity.

The lab experiments support the human origins of global warming through comparing average temperatures and fuel emissions over the course of the industrial era and beforehand.

Materials and Methods:

The methodology of the study was to examine the standard deviation of temperatures spanning from 1860 (the beginnings of the industrial revolution) to 2000. Negative values represent a cooler deviation from the norm, and positive values represent a warmer deviation from the norm. Until the turn of the century, deviations were trending lower, when suddenly they began to increase around 1980 (Step 2, p.1).

Of course, the problem with such data is that climactic averages have only been tracked relatively recently. However, projected past data suggests the previous 1,000 years were characterized by a general…

References:

Global Warming. Times Topics. The New York Times. August 13, 2010. August 19,

2010.

 http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/globalwarming/index.html 

Kakutani, M. Global warming is real. Now what? The New York Times. August 8, 2010.

Differential Heating of Materials

Lab eport in Geography

The heating of materials varies considerable depending on material composition and atmospheric conditions. A considerable amount of the sun's energy can be reflected back into the atmosphere, in a process called albedo (Lutgens & Tarbuck, 1998, p. 36). The average albedo rates for sand, mud, asphalt, and water are approximately 20-30%, 10%, 5-10%, and 3-80%, respectively, depending on the position of the sun relative to the surface of water (p. 40).

The process of heating materials will vary as well. For example, asphalt and dry sand would primarily use conduction for thermal transfer, while bodies of water or air would use convection (p. 30). On the other hand, thermal transfer for wet soil or mud has the added complexity of latent heating (p. 76). Latent heating or evaporation has a strong cooling effect on the liquid moisture remaining, a loss of 600…

References

Jones, L.L. (2015). Physical Geography Lab Manual: Geography 1401. Champaign, IL: Stipes Publishing.

Lutgens, F.K. & Tarbuck, E.J. (1998). The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Diffusion and Osmosis Experiment Lab eport

The core purpose of the first experiment conducted in the lab was to study the principle of diffusion. The experiment aimed at analyzing the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration towards lower concentration. Potassium permanganate crystals were dissolved in water to observe the process of diffusion. The observations and results attained from the experiment indicated the movement of molecules which occurred due to molecular collisions, taking place more frequently in areas of higher concentration.

Molecules present in a liquid or a gas move about constantly in random directions. During their movement, they bump into each other and bounce this way and that way. This random movement ultimately results in the uniform or even distribution of molecules. The tendency of molecules to spread out evenly throughout the space occupied by them is referred as diffusion. The process of diffusion does not require…

References

Jeff, Sack. Osmosis and Diffusion, American Biology Teacher, 67.5 (2005), pp. 3-11, Retrieved

October 19, 2012, from  http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ725843&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ725843 

Lauren, M., Victor, S. & Lindsay, M. Exploring Osmosis and Diffusion in Cells: A

Guided-Inquiry Activity for Biology Classes, Developed through the Lesson-study Process. Science Teacher, 77.8(2010), pp. 55-60, Retrieved October 19, 2012, from  http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ912491&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ912491#

(Chizek, 2003)

The ole legal nurse consultant may provide service in a number of roles, including but not limited to:

Consulting expert

Testifying expert

Facility-based investigator

Trainer and in-service presenter

Peer reviewer

Quality improvement, risk management, claims management

Liability insurance marketer and clinical resource" (Chizek, 2003)

As standards of care constantly change, medical and nursing staff must keep informed of current standard to develop and/or modify policies and procedures, which must be maintained and secured indefinitely. In the event the facility is sued, these will be used to establish the current standard during the time of the questionable occurrence. Policies and procedures also provide the legal nurse consultant with the foundation for facility documentation to be judged for compliance. (Chizek, 2003)

The minimum length of time the modified policies and procedures should be kept is the time frame of the statute of limitations in the individual jurisdiction. In most jurisdictions,…

References

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001243047 

Brown, M.R. (1999, February). America's Most Wanted J-O-B-S. Black Enterprise, 29, 109.

Chizek, Mardy. "Can you use a legal nurse consultant? These specially trained and experienced nurses can be frontline protectors against liability suits. (Feature Article)." Nursing Homes, February 1, 2003.

Clark, Scott a.. "Keys on developing the best laid business plans," the Journal Record, April 12, 1999.

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts 557 U.S. 305 (2009), police arrested Luis Melendez-Diaz as the defendant was making an illegal cocaine sale in a Kmart parking lot in Massachusetts. During the trial, the Court brought into evidence, bags of cocaine Melendez-Diaz allegedly distributed along with approved drug analysis certificates a certified lab technician prepared. The lab technician also examined the drugs, identifying them as the illegal substance, cocaine and testified it was cocaine in Court. While Melendez-Diaz sought to enter a plea of not-guilty, a jury convicted Melendez-Diaz of trafficking and distributing cocaine in direct violation of Massachusetts law.

Melendez-Diaz appealed as he felt when the State introduced the drug analysis certificates performed by the lab technician, it violated his Six Amendment right that consisted of confronting witnesses against him using the Court's ruling in another case, Crawford v. Washington. In the Crawford ruling, it was held that so-called "testimonial" proof cannot…

Joe Lee Simmons

Statement of Facts

he client in this matter has already faced charges in the trial court where he was convicted of possession of a controlled substance, and had his conviction affirmed by the Court of Appeals. At the present time, a decision must be made as to whether there is any basis for pursuing further appeal. If it is determined that a further appeal is justified, the next action that must be taken is to file a petition for discretionary appeal with the exas Supreme Court.

Simmons was stopped and subsequently arrested for littering on the Houston public streets. Pursuant to his arrest, a routine protective search was conducted by the arresting officer during which a small bottle was found in the defendant's shirt pocket. As a result of the search, the defendant was also arrested for possession of a controlled substance for which he eventually stood…

Tex. R. App. P. 33.1 (a)(1).

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 2.13(b)(3) (Vernon 2005).

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art 38.35 (d)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2008).

Energy Sources:

Energy Source

Fuel (Coal)/Uranium Needed (tons)

CO2 Emissions

Sulfur Dioxide and Other Emissions (tons)

adioactivity mSv (millisievert)

Solid Waste (tons)

Accidents

Coal

Increased global warming and health effects.

Nuclear

Explosions

Coal power plants and nuclear power plants are currently the two basic sources of electricity generation across the globe. The purpose of this lab animation and report is to evaluate which of these sources of energy is better for human sustainability. The determination of the more efficient of these two energy sources is based on the data provided above and further research.

The generation of electricity is the leading industrial activity that produces air and gases emissions across the globe. This process is usually carried in several power plants that use different sources of energy. Generally, a huge percentage of the world's electrical power is produced through the use of non-renewable energy sources like coal and uranium (Matthews,…

References:

Kyler, D. (2013, February 4). An Honest Look at Sustainability. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from  http://www.sustainablecoast.org/site/honestlook.html 

Matthews, M. (n.d.). Which One is Better for the Environment: Coal or Nuclear? Retrieved

April 28, 2013, from http://greenliving.nationalgeographic.com/one-better-environment-coal-nuclear-20469.html

Provide sustained technical assistance (Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology: Meeting Summary, 2003)

Evaluation of the process in rural and small communities includes: (1) scope of the project; (2) goals; (3) critical success factors; and (4) technical assistance." (Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology: Meeting Summary, 2003) Community grants have been focused on the provision of 'personal digital assistant (PDA) systems in assisting with the decision support role. The initiative is stated to include: (1) development of toolkits; (2) leveraging known tools; (3) developing capacity; and (4) disseminating best practices. (Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology: Meeting Summary, 2003)

Ormond, Wallin, and Goldenson report in the work entitled: "Supporting the Rural Health Care Safety Net" (2000) state: "The policy - and market-driven changes in the health care sector taking place across country are not confined to metropolitan areas. Rural communities are experiencing changes impelled by many of the same forces…

Bibliography

Healthcare and Healthcare Insurance Country Report: India (2004) Tata Consultancy Services and Microsoft. WebHealthCentre.com. 2004 August. Online available at http://download.microsoft.com/documents/customerevidence/7144_WebHealth_CS.doc

Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology (2003) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 23-24 July 2003. Online available at  http://www.ahrq.gov/data/hitmeet.htm 

Silberman, P. And Slifkin, R. (nd) Innovative Primary Case Management Programs Operating in Rural Communities: Case Studies of Three States. Working Paper No. 76 North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Program.

Ormond, Barbara a.; Wallin, Susan Wall; and Goldenson, Susan M. (2000) Supporting the Rural Health Care Net. 15 May 2000 Urban Institute

Culling prior recent arrests of gang members from the area

The results were compiled into a comprehensive report that revealed a new gang leader, who over the past 12 months was flexing his muscles in order to intimidate potential competition and other gang members.

Association Analysis

This is the analysis that provides law enforcement officials with the relationships that are made between the pertinent players in the commission of the crime (Peterson, p. 30).

Association analysis depicts the relationships among people, groups, businesses, or other entities in a way which provides the investigator, prosecutor, or jury with information on the nature of the group and the manner in which the group interacts. For the purposes of this volume, persons banding together in some criminal enterprise are referenced; a general association analysis can be done to show noncriminal group activity as well (Peterson, p. 30)."

For this case:

There did not…

References

Lenoir, Tommy, Producer (1999). Cold Case Files, documentary television series.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24401581 

Peterson, M.B. (1994). Applications in Criminal Analysis: A Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Praeger. Retrieved October 11, 2008, from Questia database:

Clinical isk Management

Hospitals are one of the top listed high-risk places of work. Just like any high-risk workplaces, Clinical isk Management (CM) procedures are formulated to enable hospitals in identifying, containing, as well as manage work related risks such as injuries, which are bound within the facilities. Implementation of element contained in risk management procedures in any hospital setting should be effected in order to ensure for the safety of both patients and workers accommodated in the facility.

isk Management

isk management is highly prioritized in most high-risk organizations. Technological advances have been realized in modern medicine progressively resulting to more complex care and treatment processes. Despite the positive result of leveraging care opportunities, such advancements may result in adversities that might in turn affect patients and staff working in hospital environments. Since it is far from possible to eradicate such risks completely, clinical risk management procedures are there…

References

Elizabeth, A. H and Betty, J.H. (1976). The American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 924 -- 927: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Publishers.

Stanbury, M. S and Anderson, H.A. (2000). Guidelines; Minimum and Comprehensive State-Based Activities in Occupational Safety and Health: DHHS (NIOSH) publication No. 95 -- 107.

Stanbury, M.J. And Goldoft, M. Use of OSHA Inspection Data for Fatal Occupational Injury Surveillance in New Jersey. Am J. Public Health 1990; 80: 200-202.

Tepper, A. (2000). Surveillance of Occupational Illnesses, Injuries, and Hazards in New Jersey. NJDOH.

Another case illustrates how important proper investigation can be to the outcome of a case. Various authors cite the case of a fire in a home that killed two children. The children's mother had left them in the care of her boyfriend, who left them alone and left the residence. A small fire was seen burning outside the home after he left. The authors note, "The suspect was arrested and charged with arson and murder. Law enforcement authorities claimed that accelerant was detected on the suspect's clothes and in fire debris sampled outside the dwelling" (Various authors, 2003, p. 127). In fact, the accelerant found outside the home was completely different from that found on the suspect, (which was gasoline), and eventually the charges were dropped. The defendant worked as an automobile mechanic, which explained the presence of gasoline on his clothing. This indicates how a botched investigation can lead…

References

Bellilse, M. (2007). Moore avoids death penalty with plea bargain. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2009 from the Reno Gazette Journal Web site:  http://www.rgj.com/article/20070119/NEWS/70119007 .

Drake, J. (2001, February 20). Arson unit's powers stripped. The Washington Times, p. 1.

Editors. (2009). Arson. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2009 from the Insurance Information Institute Web site:  http://www.iii.org/media/hottopics/insurance/test1/ .

Lynch, P.A. (2007). Michigan court recognizes rule that arson cases can be proven. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2009 from the Interfire.org Web site:  http://www.interfire.org/features/legalview.asp?date=12142007 .

Prior to Launching Technology Initiatives

Over the past seven years, many healthcare organizations, like OUUCH, have begun to transition from the traditional paper-based systems to EH systems. esearch has shown that over a period of time. EH systems can improve quality of care for patients, provide more accurate information, and overall improve safety issues relating to reducing mistakes with patients. In the exploratory study, "Change factors affecting the transition to an… [EH] system in a private physicians' practice: An exploratory study," Aaron D. Spratt, Social Security Administration and Kevin E. Dickson (2008), Southeast Missouri State University, report that the U.S. health care industry reportedly ranks among the world's leading inefficient information enterprises. Although the system needs major changes, the transition process however, creates a high change in the business aspect of an organization. Spratt and Dickson (2008) explain that for an EH system to be successful, doctors must be involved…

REFERENCES

Amatayakul, M. (2009). EHR vs. EMR: what's in a name? Healthcare Financial

Management. Healthcare Financial Management Association. Retrieved May 13, 2010

from HighBeam Research:  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-202487730.html 

Bennett, D. (2009). EMR market includes small and large system vendors. Managed Healthcare

Pressure on the superior vena cava may produce SVC syndrome, a swelling of the head and arms. SVC syndrome involving the brain can be fatal and must be treated immediately. But enlarged lymphatic tissue in the chest cavity generally tends to displace -- rather than press upon or encase -- adjacent structures. Therefore, compromised breathing and SVC syndrome are relatively uncommon signs of lymphoma. (Hodgkin's Disease, 1998-2008)

Effects on Bone Marrow

Night sweats, fevers or anemia (a low red-blood-cell count), fevers may indicate Hodgkin's disease has spread to an individual's bone marrow. In these scenarios, a physician may order bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. In biopsy, medical staff uses a large needle to remove a narrow, cylindrical piece of the patient's bone. In another option, medical staff performs an aspiration, a process utilizing a needle to remove small bits of bone marrow. Generally, in both instances, to help determine cancer…

Works Cited

Atlas of the Body: The Lymphatic System." (1999). American Medical Association. 2 June 2008  http://www.medem.com/medlb/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZG0S6CGJC&sub_at=518 .

Carson-DeWitt, Rosalyn S; Alic, Margaret. "Hodgkin's Disease," Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer, January 1, 2002. 2 June 2008  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3405200219.html .

Detailed Guide: Hodgkin Disease What Is Hodgkin Disease? American Cancer Society. Revised: 08/30/2007. 2 June 2008  http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1x_What_Is_Hodgkin_Disease.sp?rnav=cri .

Hodgkin's Disease Signs and Symptoms. (1998-2008). 3 June 2008 http://www.oncologychannel.com/hodgkins/symptoms.shtml.

Health Assessment -- Older Adult

SBAR TEMPLATE

The SBAR (Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation) technique provides a framework for communication between members of the health care team. Although this technique was original developed to target a patient-centered condition, the NNLC will implement this technique to communicate and address critical issues to support immediate attention and action by the committee. This SBAR tool was developed by Kaiser Permanente.

Situation:

The patient is a 75-year-old Navaho woman who lives with her family on the reservation. She has not ever been hospitalized, has not had any major or minor surgery, and does get annual check-ups and immunizations. She presents today with complaints of joint pains in her hands that are keeping her from working on the handicrafts that she makes to supplement her income.

B

Physical Exam

Nutritional / Metabolic: The patient does not take any supplements and reports that she does not consume much meat, other…

Health-Care Data at Euclid Hospital Security and Control: A White Paper

Protecting Health-Care Data

The efficiency of the modern healthcare system is increasingly becoming reliant on a computerized infrastructure. Open distributed information systems have been initiated to bring professionals together on a common platform throughout the world. It needs to be understood that easy and flexible methods of processing and communication of images; sound and texts will help in visualizing and thereby cure illnesses and diseases effectively. Another aspect is that the easy access and usage can risk patient privacy, accountability, and secrecy associated with the healthcare profession. Therefore, Information Technology -- IT must be able to focus mainly on improving the health of the patient and should not put the patient's health in danger. (IO Press)

This implies that right data has to be made available to the right person at the right time. IT strongly affects the confidentiality…

References

A WWW implementation of National Recommendations for Protecting Electronic Health

Information.  http://medg.lcs.mit.edu/people/psz/secman.html 

Accessed 21 September, 2005

IO Press. Retrieved from  http://www.iospress.nl/loadtop/load.php?isbn=9051992661

Clinical Learning Outcomes

Interaction of Variables.

Evaluating clinical learning outcomes

Describe the skill and the learner you intend to teach and evaluate

Because of cutbacks in the number of days new patients are allotted to spend in the hospital, patients and their families are increasingly responsible for more of the patient's care, even immediately following a diagnosis of a serious illness such as type I, or juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes. Teaching patients to correctly monitor their blood sugar and self-administer insulin is essential, but it requires a high level of patient compliance and willingness to learn. It is essential that young patients and their parents have a thorough understanding of the process.

Briefly describe how you would design the learning experience

Learning is a step-by-step process. It is important not to bombard patients with knowledge right away, when they are still frightened and confused. Also, although there are real risks with…

References

Hahn, K.K. (1990). Teaching patients to administer insulin. Nursing, 20(4), 70-70.

Retrieved:  http://search.proquest.com/docview/79701645?accountid=10901 

Silvestrone, J.M. (2004). Performance-based assessment: Improving the value of laboratory and skills examinations. New Directions for Teaching & Learning, 100, 65 -- 71.

Personal Details of Student

Family Name: ooney

Given Name (s) Bridget

Student Number (SID): 312165250

Email (University email only) [email protected]

GWAS OCD

Assignment number (if applicable): #1

Becker

Genetics of Brian and Mind Disorders

Academic Honesty -- all forms of plagiarism and unauthorized collusion are regarded as academic dishonesty by the university, resulting in penalties including failure of the unit of study and possible disciplinary action. A module of academic honesty and plagiarism is at http://elearning.library.usyd.edu.au/learn/plagiarism/index.php .

Declaration:

I / We have read and understood the University of Sydney Student Plagiarism: Coursework Policy and Procedure (which can be found at sydney.edu.au/senate/policies/Plagiarism.pdf).

I / We understand that failure to comply with the Student plagiarism: coursework Policy and Procedure can lead to the University commencing proceedings against me / us for potential student misconduct under Chapter 8 of the University of Sydney By-Law 1999 (as amended).

3. This work is substantially my…

References

Ahmari, S. E., Spellman, T., Douglass, N. L., Kheirbek, M. A., Simpson, H. B., Deisseroth, K., ... & Hen, R. (2013). Repeated cortico-striatal stimulation generates persistent OCD-like behavior. Science, 340(6137), 1234-1239.

Arnold, P., Sicard, T., Burroughs, E. et al. (2006). Glutamate Transporter Gene SLC1A1 Associated With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63(7), p.769.

Baxter, A., Scott, K., Vos, T. and Whiteford, H. (2012). Global prevalence of anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine, 43(05), pp.897-910.

Barrett, P., Healy-Farrell, L. & March, J. S. (2004). Cognitive behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry . 43, 46-62.

ights and esponsibilities

How do the rights and responsibilities of patients differ from the rights and responsibilities of employees? How are they similar?

Until recently, patient responsibilities were seldom directly 'spelled out' in the American healthcare system. This changed with the passage of HIPAA in 1996. HIPPA "sets forth policies and standards for how patient information, including doctors' notes, medical test results, lab reports, and billing information may be shared" (Torrey, 2012, HIPPA). It gives patients the right to access their information and demands that patient data be treated in a secure fashion. Also under the law, patients have a right to informed consent over the procedures they undergo, so that they or a designated caregiver can make decisions about what they perceive to be their best interests. Ultimately, the healthcare system must serve the needs of patients, not physicians and other healthcare employees. That is why patients must give…

References

Bollinger, Caroline. Access denied. Prevention. Retrieved:

 http://www.prevention.com/health/healthy-living/new-birth-control-ban?page=3 

Torrey, Tricia. (2012). HIPAA. About.com. Retrieved:

 http://patients.about.com/od/obtainingrecords/a/hipaa.htm

smells of the old library surrounded me when I entered. I could smell the passage of time in there, where dusty wooden shelves housed thousands of books. A hundred-year old door creaked behind me and shut with nary a sound. The silence that greeted me inside the musty room reminded me that this was my sanctuary, the place where I felt most alive and at home. Sure, I loved playing sports and watching movies and television and playing games. But at age ten, the thing I loved to do most was read. I headed straight for my favorite section: the young adult mystery novels. I perused the book jackets one at a time to find one that I had yet to read. My heart raced when I read the description of a story that sounded titillating, and I raced to the check out counter.

It was by the time I…

Genome-Wide Association Study for OCD Complications

The OCD (Obsessive -- compulsive disorder) is referred as repetitive behaviors and thoughts experienced by individuals. (Visscher, Brown, McCarthy, et al. (2012). Typically, the genes' characteristics of twins and families have revealed that the OCD has the feature of multifactorial familial condition involving both environmental and polygenic factors. (Moran, 2013). Genetic studies have revealed that the interaction of the glutamatergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic systems and genes affecting them play a crucial role in functioning of the circuit. (Yang, Lee, Goddard, Mand et al. 2011). Meanwhile, the environmental factors that include psychological trauma, adverse perinatal effects and neurological trauma may modify the risk genes, which can consequently manifest the compulsive-obsessive behaviors. (Visscher, Brown, McCarthy et al. 2012). The OCD is a frequent and, relative common debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 2% of the U.S. population. (Arnold, Sicard, Burroughs, et al. (2006). Typically, the OCD is obsessions…

Reference

Arnold, P., Sicard, T., Burroughs, E. et al. (2006). Glutamate Transporter Gene SLC1A1 Associated With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63(7), p.769.

Baxter, A., Scott, K., Vos, T. and Whiteford, H. (2012). Global prevalence of anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine, 43(05), pp.897-910.

Barrett, P., Healy-Farrell, L. & March, J. S. (2004). Cognitivebehavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry . 43, 46-62.

Cantor, R., Lange, K. and Sinsheimer, J. (2010). Prioritizing GWAS Results: A Review of Statistical Methods and Recommendations for Their Application. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 86(1):.6-22.

driven) instruction?

DDI is a systematic and precise method designed to enhance learning by students. The cycle of inquiry for data driven instruction entails assessment, analysis of the student performance and action. It is a central causal factor for the realization of student success. The student tasks indicate to us what our learners are capable of doing and what they know. They also indicate points of weakness in their learning activities. The central question is how to make use of such data to close the gaps in the learning process. Experts in the education sector cite the use of data driven instruction and inquiry as an important tool in improving student performance (Data Driven Instruction, 2016).

What did you learn in the program you are now completing, including in student teaching, about the use of data-supported instruction?

The data that shows student achievement is highly valuable in helping education managers…

References

Barbara Means, Lawrence Gallagher, & Christine Padilla. (2007). Teachers' Use of Student Data Systems to Improve Instruction. Jessup: U.S. Department of Education.

Bongiorno, D. (2011). Student Assessment. Virginia: U.S. Department of Education.

Data Driven Instruction. (2016, October 9). Retrieved from Engage:  https://www.engageny.org/data-driven-instruction 

Jerry L. Johns. (2002). What is Evidence-based reading instruction? Newark: International Reading Association.

Living organisms are subdivided into 5 major kingdoms, including te Monera, te Protista (Protoctista), te Fungi, te Plantae, and te Animalia. Eac kingdom is furter subdivided into separate pyla or divisions. Generally "animals" are subdivided into pyla, wile "plants" are subdivided into divisions.

Kingdom of Protista

Brown Alga

Scientific Classification

Kingdom

Protista

Division

Heterokontopyta

Paeopyceae

Orders

Dictyotales

Desmerestiales

Fucales

Laminariales (kelps) etc.

Te Brown algae are a large group of multi-cellular algae, including various sorts of seaweed. Teir distinctive greenis-brown color comes from te pigment fucoxantin. Well-known members include kelps and bladder wrack. Genetic studies sow teir closest relatives are te yellow-green algae.

Red Alga

Scientific Classification

Kingdom

Protista

Pylum

Rodopyta

Classes

Florideopyceae

Bangiopyceae

Cyanidiopyceae

Te red algae (Rodopyta) are a large group of mostly multi-cellular, marine algae, including many notable types of seaweed. Most of te coralline algae, wic secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building…

http://huskertsd.tripod.com/species_photos/grasshopper_sparrow_2.htm

 http://community.webshots.com/photo/81120704/81121273fZHefA 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen

Protecting children from the effects of second-hand smoke and the extent by which the government can mandate repulsive images on the cigarette boxes are two cases which are causing controversy. The "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released data claiming that one in five middle and high school students are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke while in cars." (Yahanda, 2012, p. 1) Thus there are many proponents of banning smoking while in the car and children are present. This type of law is difficult because to many it impinges on individual freedom in a private location. Secondly, a U.S. District judge blocked the government mandate that required cigarette companies to place specific graphic images of the effects of cigarette smoking on cigarette boxes. This case also deals with the government authority to require corporations to compel private business to include images on their product.

Procedures

1. Two pieces of…

There are other solutions that manufacturers are working on to handle this. Cloth diapers may be used in conjunction with a fully disposable, flushable diaper liner that can be sent down the toilet to limit landfill waste. This may be a good alternative and a compromise between the government regulations and an ease of use for parents for their children. This may be a reason that cloth diapers are better, but on the other hand the diapers would still need to be washed, thus using fresh water to clean them. Fresh water in the future may also be a limited resource so this solution also has its own issues. Time will tell for which solution proves to be the most economical.

Works Cited

Turley, a. (2011, Oct 11). A Polymer Plug for Vessels. Retrieved from http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/October/11101102.asp

Soil Moist, (2012, Mar 3). Retrieved from http://www.soilmoist.com/products/soil-moist.php.

Richard, M.G., (2011, May 24). Mushrooms…

Layer Chromatography

Ink Analysis Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

Ink analysis has been known as the most significant process that is capable to divulge important information on queried documents. It is clear that inks are manufactured from an extensive variety of substances that tend to demonstrate extremely dissimilar reactions chemically. Due to the manner in which documents are important and it destruction is not containable, there has been a method that has been explored as the most potential means of differentiation of ink samples and this method is known as thin layer chromatography. This report is going to take us through the process of ink analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography which will be done in a Laboratory and the whole process is going to be demonstrated in the course of the paper. The report will also outline the background of thin layer chromatography highlighting its history as well as braking down…

Work Cited

Harry W. & Christopher J., (Illustrated edition ed). Experimental organic chemistry: Principles and Practice. pp. 159 -- 173.

Reich, E.; Schibli A.(2007) High-performance thin-layer chromatography for the analysis of medicinal plants (illustrated edition). Thieme: New York.

The experiment was designed to first extract DNA, take it through the steps of amplification and detachment, and then prepare it for analysis. The question was what type of bacteria was being sequenced. The steps used were: 1) Extraction of genomic DNA, 2) Amplification of genetic region, 3) Verification, 4) Clean PC Products, 5) Quantify DNA concentration, 6) Cycle the sequence, and, 7) Precipitate cycle-sequenced products for analysis. In this case, a virtual laboratory was used, with the user being guided to the appropriate tools and equipment (Virtual Bacterial Identification).

esults

Accession

Description

Max score

Total score

Query coverage

E value

Max ident gi|39295|Z11684.1

.henselae 16S rNA gene

0.0

gi|6626180|AF214556.1

Bartonella henselae 16S ribosomal NA, partial sequence

0.0

99%

Discussion- The BLAST search displays the matching sequences in the database in descending order of the degree of the match. Most of the top scorers are either Bartonella henselae or ochalimaea…

REFERENCES

Nobel, I. "Secret of Life Discovery Turns 50." 27 Feburary 2007. BBC News. August 2010 .

"Virtual Bacterial Identification." January 2010. The Virtual Bacterial ID Lab. August 2010 .

Walker and Jones. Genes and DNA. Kingfisher, OK: Kingfisher Press, 2003.

APPENDIX A -- Genetic Map of

e. not mixtures) that show as green or violet and so these might not be mixtures. Black might also be a mixture of these three primary colors in varying degrees, or simply contain a high concentration of a dark dye that appears black to the human eye in mot conditions.

Procedures

Artistic Patterns

1) Draw on the center of two pieces of filter paper, using only one color on one piece and two or three colors on another.

2) Using a medicine dropper, introduce water to the center of the pieces of paper, not saturating but adding water as necessary to continue driving capillary action.

3) Observe and record what happens to the marker lines when the water encounters them.

A Colorful Race

1) Draw a soft pencil line about a half-inch from the bottom of a strip of Chromatography paper, then using different markers place three dots on this…

Bromide

1. Carbonate

2. Chloride

2. Hydroxide

3. Chlorates

3. Oxide

4. Nitrates

4. Phosphate

5. Sulfates

5. Dichromate

Solids can be removed from solutions by filtration. Filtration is a process that is used to separate an insoluble material from a liquid. A slurry of solid and liquid is poured into the filter paper and the liquid is allowed to pass through the paper while the solid is trapped by the paper. In this lab you will use regular coffee filters to separate solids from the solution. You can support a coffee filter in a funnel, a colander, or anything else you can find in your kitchen that will support the filter and allow the fluids to drain into a pan.

Some of the chemicals in this lab can be an irritant to skin and eyes and cause itching. Make sure that you wear the proper safety gear, e.g. Safety…

Also, a chemical reaction was observed when mixing sodium carbonate solution with hydrochloric acid. This was indicated by the evolution of gas bubbles in the reaction and the formation of a precipitate. A change in total mass of the starting materials vs. The final products was noted upon weighing the materials before and after the reaction. This is not a contradiction in the law of conservation of matter (mass). This can be explained by the loss of some matter as a gas, which could then not be weighed on a scale.

Some errors in the experiments did occur. In experimenting with the concept of the law of conservation of matter (mass) some mass was lost when transferring liquids some liquid was spilled. No mass was actually destroyed through the chemical reaction. The loss of spilt liquid erroneously seemed to indicate a change in mass between the starting materials and end…

The lab will involve testing household products to use as cleaning agents. During the lab students will wear gloves and if necessary masks.

Educational goal: To understand the 12 principles of green chemistry and the scientific method

Student objectives: Students will understand and apply the 12 principles of green chemistry.

Materials: Vinegar, baking soda, bleach, and household cleansers

Time required: Three days of research, brainstorming, and finally a lab day.

National standards met: S1, S2, S6, S7

Green chemistry principles addressed: 1-12

Teacher prep: esearching the dangers of common commercial household cleansers.

Procedure:

In class, students will write out the 12 principles in their own words in simple language. The class will come to a common definition for all 12 principles. Then students on their own will be asked to pick a household cleaning product and research online whether the manufacture upholds these principles.

In class, students will be asked…

Resources

12 principles of green chemistry. (2011). ACS: Chemistry for life. Retrieved August 21, 2011 at  http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1415&content_id=WPCP_007504&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=2f4c5745-8764-429d-a265-aa34a6d719e1 

Massachusetts curriculum frameworks. (2011). Massachusetts Education. Retrieved August 21, 2011 at  http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html

New Vocabulary Terms to review: ethanol, corn stover, hydrolysis, cellulose, hemicellulose, carbohydrates, polysaccharide, starch, saccharide, glucose, enzyme, salivary amylase, cellulose, colorimeter, cuvette, concentration, absorbance, wavelength, nanometer, fermentation, renewable resource, non-renewable resource

National Standards Met:

Science Content Standards: 8-12

CONTENT STANAR A: Science as Inquiry As a result of activities in grades 8-12, all students should develop: 1) Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry, 2) Understandings about scientific inquiry

CONTENT STANAR B: Physical Science As a result of their activities in grades 8-12, all students should develop an understanding of: 1) Structure of atoms, 2) Structures and of properties in matter, 3) Chemical reactions

CONTENT STANAR C: Life Science- 1) understanding of the cell

CONTENT STANAR E: Science and Technology -As a result of their activities in grades 8-12, all students should develop: 1) Abilities of technological design, 2) Understandings about science and technology

CONTENT STANAR F: Science in Personal and…

Design for Degradation - Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention - Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances (The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry, 2010).

Teacher Prep: This module focuses on the production of sugar (glucose and maltose) from cornstarch. The lesson is inquiry based, and is well set for inclusion into the curriculum for chemistry, biology (ecology), or basic physical science. The first lesson from this module relates glucose production from cornstarch to ethanol fuel production from corn stover. Another lesson uses a calculator-based colorimeter interface from the Vernier Company to quantify the hydrolysis of starch to sugar by salivary amylase. In this lesson saliva is added to a starch solution containing a couple of drops of iodine. Light initially doesn't pass through this solution. If the absorption decreases after the addition of the saliva, this means more light is passing through and the starch is being hydrolyzed (broken down into maltose and glucose). The third lesson again uses colorimetry but