Landfill
ecycling Concrete v. Placing it in a Landfill: A Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

As one of the most abundantly used resources in the world -- second only to water, according to some measures -- determining what to do with concrete once it is no longer needed in its original application is a major issue. Most of the time, waste concrete is not structurally flawed or degraded, but the building or structure it was used in is simply no longer needed or is being rebuilt and so the concrete must be torn down while there is still a great deal of usefulness in it. ecycling the concrete thus seems like a very good idea, and to be sure recycling concrete can lead to a major reduction in the raw materials needed around the globe each year for a variety of concrete construction projects. A great deal of energy is also required…...

mla

References

AEFinley. (2008). 35 ton class hydraulic excavator. Accessed 28 September 2011. http://www.aefinley.com/uploads/products/pdfs/20081218121127592815.pdf

Bennink, C. (2009). Wheel Loader Designs Squeeze Out More Fuel Efficiency Without Sacrificing Productivity - Squeeze Fuel Costs. Accessed 28 September 2011.  http://www.forconstructionpros.com/article/10117148/wheel-loader-designs-squeeze-out-more-fuel-efficiency-without-sacrificing-productivity-squeeze-fuel-costs 

Bliss, R. (2011). A compact guide to landfill operation: Machinery, management and misconceptions. Accessed 28 September 2011.  http://www.waste-management-world.com/index/display/article-display/273723/articles/waste-management-world/volume-7/issue-5/features/a-compact-guide-to-landfill-operation-machinery-management-and-misconceptions.html 

Equipment World. (2011). Accessed 28 September 2011.  http://www.equipmentworld.com/equipment-zone/new-caterpillar-dseries-track-loaders-deliver-increased-productivity-enhanced-machine-control-and-easier-service?a=2082

Landfills and Landfill Gas:
Land-filling is one of the most popular and widely used method of disposing different types of waste materials, more specifically Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), in many countries. In order to fulfill the federal regulations, the landfills are designed and operated in an efficient way and are located in such areas which are away from the residential areas. It is essential to carefully monitor this whole process, as this method of disposing waste results in the generation of landfill gas (Chalvatzaki & Lazaridis, 2010).

Landfill gas is a mixture of different gases, which include methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia, oxygen, sulfides, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and many other. In terms of volume, 45% to 60% methane and 40% to 60% carbon dioxide is presented in the landfill gas. Landfill gas is produced as a result of three processes which takes place when the waste material is disposed into landfills. These…...

mla

REFERENCES

Chalvatzaki, E., & Lazaridis, M. (2010). Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills: Application to the Akortiri landfill site (Chania, Greece). Global NEST Journal, 12(1), 108-116. Retrieved October 14, 2011, from

Crawford, J., & Smith, P. (1985). Landfill Technology. London: Butterworth Scientific Ltd.

EPA. (1993) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Solid waste disposal facility criteria -- technical manual. EPA 530-R-93-017.

Themelis, N. (2003). An overview of the global waste-to-energy industry. Waste Management World, review issue, 40-47. Retrieved October 14, 2011, from

20. In determining these ratios, the government must use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for governments, and have its financial statements audited by an independent certified public accountant." (EPA). However, governments who are in default on general obligation bonds or that has any oustanding bonds below a certain rating are ineligible. Operators can also receive corporate guarantees from a guarantor, but that guarantor has to be either a parent corporation or principal shareholder of the operator. Furthermore, the guarantor has to meet the conditions of the corporate financial test. MSW operators may also be guaranteed by local governments, as long as those local governments meet the local government test. Individual states can also approve assurance mechanisms, if those states are authorized to implement the MSWLF criteria. Finally, states can assume legal responsibility for a MSWLF's after-care, whether by absolute assumption of that responsibility, or by merely assurring that the funds…...

mla

Referenced

U.S. Environmental Protective Agency. "Financial Assurance for Municipal Solid Waste

Landfills." 2007. Environmental Protective Agency. Sept. 16, 2007  

Include the risk or hazard to the community, and provide three bullets addressing the primary message that you want to share about the hazard or risk.Landfills produce bad odors and gas that can affect the health of people living around them. They are also the source of toxic chemicals that get into water sources near them and affect both human life and wildlife. The types of gases commonly found in landfills include carbon dioxide, methane, sulfides, and ammonia. The bad odor from landfills is usually the Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Methane is a flammable gas. In high concentrations, it can become explosive. This is especially true when it collects in an enclosed/ indoor area. Methane and carbon dioxide also affect displacing oxygen from buildings and can lead to suffocation in affected nearby buildings (Department of Health, n.d).Many different types of gases are commonly found in landfills. Carbon dioxide and methane…...

mla

References

Waste 360. (2011, May 03). Lesson 10: Landfill Community Relations Programs. Retrieved October 30, 2020, from  https://www.waste360.com/mag/waste_landfill_community_relations 

Department of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2020, from  https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/outdoors/air/landfill_gas.htm 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (n.d.). Landfill Gas Primer - An Overview for Environmental Health Professionals. Retrieved October 30, 2020, from  https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/landfill/html/ch3.html

hereas conventional, compacted clay barriers are designed to prevent the infiltration of water into the waste below the cover, evapotranspiration takes a decidedly different approach. The cover technique actually uses to its advantage the high water storage capacity of fine grained soils to retain water in the soil above the waste and refuse. The water is "stored" in that layer until it is released back into the atmosphere either through evaporation from the soil or transpiration from the native vegetation that is planted on the surface (EPA 2). One of the only limitations of the evapotranspiration cover is its inability to function adequately outside of arid and semi-arid environments. Only there can the refuse be covered in a reasonable amount of soil with a storage capacity great enough to manage and store the water that will enter the soil at the landfill site. In humid climates, or ones with…...

mla

Works Cited

Albright, William H., Benson, Craig H., Gee, Glendon W., Roesler, Arthur C., and Rock, Steven a. "Examining the Alternatives." Civil Engineering 73.5 (May 2003): 70-75.

Dwyer, Stephen F. "Alternative Landfill Covers Pass the Test." Civil Engineering 68.9 (Sept. 1998): 50-52.

Dwyer, Stephen F. "Finding a Better Cover." Civil Engineering 71.1 (Jan. 2001): 58-63.

Environmental Protection Agency. "Evapotranspiration Landfill Cover Systems Fact Sheet." EPA: Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Sept. 2003. Mar. 2007  http://www.epa.gov .

Landfill for Disposing Hazardous Material
Challenges

esistance of the public to siting a waste management facility

While citizens are thankful for convenient existing locations for dumping garbage, recyclables, and yard waste, it may be rather hard to gain their acceptance with regard to waste management facility sites (Walker, 2012).

Community planning in relation to waste management facility

Land-use planning for a community seldom takes into consideration waste management site locations in its community design. In view of the progressively increasing diversion of waste to composting and recycling, facilities will have to be located in easily accessible places that however, do not conflict with neighboring land uses (Walker, 2012).

The second point stated above requires more consideration and detailed planning and implementation to reassure the local residents of concerns arising out of waste management facilities.

Convincing residents that minimal risk is posed to groundwater supply

People residing near a selected landfill spot may voice concerns regarding its health…...

mla

References

Allen, A., Taylor, R., Schmoll, O., Howard, G., Chilton, J., & Chorus, I. (2006). Waste disposal and landfill: control and protection. Protecting groundwater for health: managing the quality of drinking-water sources, 631-652.

Walker M. (2012). Stage 1 Integration Solid Waste and Resource Management Plan -- Issues for Consideration, retrieved 7 March 2016 from  https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/recycling-waste-pdf/iswrmp-stage1issuesmemo.pdf?sfvrsn=2

Canadian trash being trucked in to Michigan landfills for disposal. Specifically, it will discuss how can we stop the Canadian trash from filling up our Michigan landfills for an audience who feels the Michigan waste disposal companies are justified in accepting trash from Canada and other states in Michigan landfills. Canadian trash (and trash from other states) is a major problem facing our landfills today, and we must find a way to create new ways of dealing with waste, while finding new areas for landfill before our current landfills load up.
Canadian Trash in Michigan Land Fills

Did you know that "National figures indicate that for each person, an average of 4.3 pounds of solid waste is generated daily? For Michigan, this translates to approximately 20,000 tons a day or 7.1 million tons a year" (Harrison 1). If that sounds like quite a bit of trash to dispose of effectively each…...

mla

Works Cited

Harrison, Wilma. "Solid Waste Management and Recycling." Michigan in Brief. 1999. 15 Nov. 2003.  http://www.michiganinbrief.org/edition06/acrobat/issue-52.pdf 

Schenkman, Lynn. "Great Trash State' Wants Canada Out." Waste Age. 1 March 2003. 15 Nov. 2003. http://www.wasteage.com/ar/waste_great_trash_state/

Staff. "Environmental Protection: Solid Waste Package." Michigan Senate Democratic Caucus. 2003. 15 Nov. 2003.  http://www.senate.michigan.gov/dem/senatewatch/100903.htm

Linear systems are constructed with layers of natural materials with low permeability. Leachate collection system is designed to remove liquid that is found in the liners. Waste is placed above the collection leachate system in layers.
Modern landfills are now built in locations which protect environment and human health as well as having structural integrity. There is restriction of the construction of modern landfills in floodplains, wetland or fault areas (epa, 2010). Once the modern landfills reach the height which is permitted it is closed down an engineered in such a way that it prevents the infiltration of water through the installation of a cap low in permeability which is same as the linear system. On top of the low-permeability barrier there is a granular drainage layer that diverts water from the top of the landfill. There is a protection cover at the filter blanket's top as well as top…...

mla

References

Repa, E. (2010). Modern Landfills. Retrieved April 17, 2013 from  http://www.google.co.ke/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CHUQFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenkerala.net%2Fpdf%2Fkey_issue_on_open_dumps.pdf&ei=Vy9uUcyuBamy7AbDo4GYBQ&usg=AFQjCNFUTQkrQnIxwkIgJOzwJtptbNSfGw&bvm=bv.45368065,d.ZWU 

Republic Services, (2013). Solar-Gas Innovation. Retrieved April 18, 2012 from  http://www.republicservices.com/Corporate/Planet/SustainabilityProjects/San-Antonio-Atlanta.aspx 

Skye, J. (2011).Environmental problems: Landfills. Retrieved April 17, 2013 from  http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Environmental_Problems:_Landfills

This method makes effective use of ability of metals to float on surfaces of leachates on their own. Due to the high proven efficiency of this method, it is widely used for removal of heavy metals such as iron and humic acid from leachates in many parts of the world.
emoval of Plastic from Municipal Waste

Plastic is a non-biodegradable waste that has low recycling margin. Unfortunately, plastic is widely used in everyday products is heavily present in the municipal waste. The environmental threat posed by the presence of plastic in municipal waste is another major issue. Major plastic types that are commonly found in UK municipal waste include PET, high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and other plastics such as melamine. Major source of these types of plastic are fizzy drink bottles, bottles of detergents and washing liquids, plastic plates cups and spoons, bin bags, microwavable…...

mla

Reference List

Colls, J 2002, Air Pollution, Spon Press, London.

Friends of Earth 2009, Briefing Pyrolysis, Gasification and Plasma, Friends of Earth Limited Company, viewed 25 January 2011, <  http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/gasification_pyrolysis.pdf >.

Hill, T 2010, Pyrolysis and Gasification briefing, UK without incineration, viewed 25 January 2011, <

The same thing with our super-modern companies and school: although they have found sophisticated ways to conceal their garbage from people's eyes, the garbage still exists and is contaminating to the atmosphere. As is known, despite their tremendous care taken to avoid lethal gas emission, the landfill may still produce emission of methane gas that is produced by the decaying waste material and modern garbage, concealed thoguh it is by our institutions, produces the same results.

Recycling is still our only option. It has a superior effect on reducing lethal emissions since it reduces the amount of energy used by the industry most of which produces fossil fuels like gasoline, diesel and coals that transform themselves into carbon dioxide, methane, and other toxic greenhouse effects. In this way, recycling acts as preventative rather than as implementation after matter (Morris, 1996). Incinerators and landfills used in recycling projects also produce reduced emissions…...

mla

Sources

Pennsylvania. Department of environmental protection. Recycling saves our environment.

www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/recycle/

Rogers H (2002) Gone Tomorrow: The Hidden Life of Garbage USA: New Press

San Luis Obispo County (2004) Comparison of environmental burdens. San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority San Luis Obispo, California

The waste group contains 3 items:
AS1 -- Storing of Recyclable Household aste and Non-recyclable aste

AS2 -- Building Location aste Management

AS3 -- Composting

Issue

Measurement Criteria

Points Awarded

Household Recycling facilities

Either

Either

here the following recycling

1.8

services are given:

• 3 internal storage bins for recyclable waste with -- min total capacity of 60 ltr

-- no individual bin smaller than 15 ltr

-- all of the bins in a devoted position that is accessible to disabled people

1.8

or

or

here full recycling facilities

3.6

are provided:

• 3 internal storage bins with -- min total capacity of 30 ltr

-- no individual bin smaller

than 7 ltr

-- all bins in a dedicated position that is accessible to disabled people

or 3.6

AND EITHER

• a Local Authority collection scheme for recyclable materials covering at least three streams of waste with sufficient space for the storage of the bins provided without stacking (within 10m of an external door) and which is accessible to disabled people

Construction aste

here the site waste management

0.9

plan includes…...

mla

Works Cited

Agyeman, J., & Evans, B. (2004). 'Just sustainability': The emerging discourse of environmental justice in Britain? The Geographical Journal, 170, 155-164.

Apitz, S.E. (2010). Waste or resource? classifying and scoring dredged material management strategies in terms of the waste hierarchy. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 10(8), 1657-1668.

Babin, R., & Nicholson, B. (2011). How green is my outsourcer? Measuring sustainability in global it outsourcing. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal, 4(1), 47-66.

Ball, S., & Abou Taleb, M. (2011). Benchmarking waste disposal in the Egyptian hotel industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 11(1), 1-18.

2.6. Sources Consulted

The list of the works assessed throughout the research of this topic is revealed in the eferences section at the end of the report. As a final statement however, it has to be recognized that the previous lines only make up for the proposal and the actual research will be more comprehensive and will even include more sources, as required by the development of the research operations.

eferences:

Arabe, K.C., Green Packaging is Growing, Thomas Net, http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2002/10/green_packaging.html last accessed on September 22, 2009

Dyer, D., Dalzell, F., Olegario, ., ising Tide: Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble, Harvard Business Press, 2004

Freeze, a.., the Environmental Pendulum: A Quest for the Truth about Toxic Chemicals, Human Health, and Environmental Protection, University of California Press, 2000

Jedlicka, W., Packaging Sustainability: Tools, Systems and Strategies for Innovative Package Design, John Wiley and Sons, 2008

Going Green -- 10 Green Giants, CNN Money,…...

mla

References:

Arabe, K.C., Green Packaging is Growing, Thomas Net,   last accessed on September 22, 2009http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2002/10/green_packaging.html 

Dyer, D., Dalzell, F., Olegario, R., Rising Tide: Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble, Harvard Business Press, 2004

Freeze, a.R., the Environmental Pendulum: A Quest for the Truth about Toxic Chemicals, Human Health, and Environmental Protection, University of California Press, 2000

Jedlicka, W., Packaging Sustainability: Tools, Systems and Strategies for Innovative Package Design, John Wiley and Sons, 2008

ecycling, educing, eusing
The items I identified as being recyclable during the week under consideration include: plastic bottles, steel cans, and paper cups. The total population of the community/subdivision currently stands at 2,000 people. This effectively means that if every member of the community in which I live recycles an exact amount of trash as I did for only 7 days, my area would be able to recycle 34,000 (17*2000) plastic bottles, 36,000 (18*2000) steel cans, and 28,000 (14*2000) paper cups. Assuming that each year has a total of 52 weeks, this means that the community would save 1,768,000 (34,000*52) plastic bottles, 1,872,000 (36,000*52) steel cans, and 1,456,000 (28,000*52) paper cups per annum.

In my opinion, my community does not recycle enough. This is particularly the case given that the recycling program in place is not as efficient as it ought to be. There are various ways through which the government could…...

mla

References

McKinney, M.L. & Schoch, R.M. (2003). Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

State of West Virginia. (2013). Recycle Infrastructure and Market Development in other States. Retrieved from http://www.state.wv.us/swmb/RMDP/2013StatePlan/2013%20Plan%20-%20Appendix%20E.pdf

United States Environmental Protection Agency -- EPA. (2014). Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Recycling Basics. Retrieved from  http://www2.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basics

Management 4 course book written Chuck William scenario assignment provided professor. Decision Making Case Assignment #2 - What Would You Do? Management Decision Making Case #2 Interface, Inc.
Interface, Inc. -- Implementing Sustainability

Which level of social responsibility best describes the company's current operations?

At present, the company is operating on a totally unsustainable model -- it generates waste in the production of the carpets it sells and the carpet materials are non-recyclable and simply fill up landfills. The company's business is "turning petrochemicals into textiles" which means using petroleum "which took millions of years to make, [and] is irreplaceable" and turning it into carpet which will not decompose and yet which is usually discarded within ten years (Fishman 1998). The factories which produce the carpets also generate pollutants.

Q2. What environmental vision do you communicate to your task force? In other words, what social responsiveness strategy will you adopt at Interface?

ecycling and…...

mla

References

Climate. (2012). Interface Sustainability. Retrieved:

 http://www.interfaceglobal.com/Sustainability/Our-Progress/Climate.aspx 

Fishman, Charles. (1998). Sustainable growth: Interface, Inc. Fast Company. Retrieved:

 http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/14/sustaing.html

Recycling in Apartments
Date Here (Day, Month, Year)

Providing Better Facilities for Recycling to Apartment Dwellers

Recycling is highly beneficial to the natural environment as it plays a vital role in preserving natural resources. Recycling caters with the benefit of reducing the amount of material entering landfills. Moreover, recycling can save money for building owner. It costs less to recycle discards than to throw them away (Rankin, 11). The process of making new products from raw materials costs a great deal in comparison to making them through recycled products. This paper highlights the challenges encountered by people living in apartments or multi-family building in terms of recycling materials. It also explains the current practices in this regard and recommends prospects solutions for improving recycling facilities for apartment dwellers.

Recycling Challenges Faced by Apartment Dwellers

The physical structure, environment and management of multi-family complexes give birth to varying systems and approaches to waste management. Recycling initiatives…...

mla

Works Cited

Ando, Amy W., "Recycling in Multifamily Dwellings: Does Convenience Matter?" Economic

Enquiry, 43(2005), 426 -- 438, 5 October, 2012,

To start this essay, we would begin by identifying ways that business could impact the environment.  Next, we would want to identify the businesses we wanted to highlight in the essay, focusing on their specific environmental impact.  We would want to select at least two businesses with different reputations for their environmental impact.  Companies that are known for having good environmental initiatives include Disney, Johnson and Johnson, Nike, eBay, Fisher Investments, Hewlett-Packard, Starbucks, and Ford Motor Company.  Companies have a bad reputation in terms of their impact on the environment include AES, PPL, ConAgra Foods, Coca Cola,....

Essay Topics on Pollution

Air Pollution:

The Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health and the Environment
The Role of Vehicle Emissions in Air Quality Degradation
The Economic and Social Costs of Air Pollution on Cities
The Effectiveness of Air Quality Regulations and Standards
The Future of Air Pollution Mitigation and Control

Water Pollution:

The Causes and Consequences of Water Pollution in Developing Countries
The Impact of Agricultural Practices on Water Quality
The Role of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Reducing Water Pollution
The Legal and Policy Framework for Water Pollution Control
The Challenges and Solutions to Marine Pollution

Land Pollution:

The Sources and....

Thesis Statement: The effective management of human waste is crucial for safeguarding public health, preserving the environment, and promoting sustainable development.

Introduction:

In the tapestry of human existence, managing human waste is an intricate thread that intertwines with public health, environmental well-being, and sustainable development. Inefficient or inadequate waste management practices pose significant risks to human health, contaminate water bodies, pollute the air, and contribute to climate change. Recognizing the urgency of addressing this issue, this thesis delves into the complexities of managing human waste, exploring strategies and solutions to mitigate its adverse effects.

Body Paragraph 1: Public Health Implications

The improper handling of....

I. Introduction
A. Hook: Start with a compelling statistic or fact about the current state of waste management.
B. Background information on recycling: Explain what recycling is and why it is important.
C. Thesis statement: Recycling plays a crucial role in reducing waste, conserving resources, and protecting the environment.

II. Environmental benefits of recycling
A. Reduction in landfill waste: Discuss how recycling diverts waste from landfills, preventing pollution and preserving natural land.
B. Conservation of resources: Explain how recycling reduces the need for raw materials extraction and energy consumption.
C. Limiting pollution: Highlight how recycling decreases air, water, and....