Law School Essays (Examples)

Working in the legal field requires much more than the basic knowledge acquired through books and class work. Certainly there are many attorneys armed only with the knowledge of what they have learned in school, but the best lawyers bring many types of intelligence to their work. Some of the most important abilities a good attorney must have include communication skills, logical thought processes and the ability to understand others and the self. I am proficient in all of these areas, and this puts me in a unique position to contribute as a law student and later, to the legal profession as a licensed attorney.

The ability to communicate goes far beyond the basics of speech and writing. Certainly, one should demonstrate impeccable grammar and speaking skills, and I have demonstrated these skills both in classes such as English, History and Political Science. I have an excellent understanding of the…

Police

In this scenario of what may be an instance of domestic violence, the officer has the option of simply talking to the couple, determining what is wrong and issuing a warning-or pressing charges against both or one of the participants for disorderly conduct. The police officer can simply use his or her presence to influence the couple's behavior or can use the actual weight of the law. The officer will have to use his or her perceptions of the relationship between the couple as well as the information the couple offers. As part of assessment, the officer should speak to both members of the couple separately to determine if one or more of the participants is at risk of suffering further physical violence. The officer should also determine if alcohol or drugs are potentially involved, which can affect the participants' judgment. It should be noted that merely because the…

References

Gracia, E. (2004). Unreported cases of domestic violence against women: towards an epidemiology of social silence, tolerance, and inhibition Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58:536-537. Retrieved from:

 http://jech.bmj.com/content/58/7/536.full 

Imposition of a sentence. (2014). Cornell University Law School. Retrieved from:

 http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/3553

The court easily could have come to a contrary result, given that it denied most of the allegations of the plaintiff, other than the specific contention that the nature of this specific advertising was particularly inconsistent with state educational statues and school board policy. Even the plaintiff conceded that advertising in the form of school vending machines, yearbooks, sports scorecards, etc. had long been tolerated in schools, and would continue to be tolerated.

Question 2: What guidelines may administrators who are considering potential educational uses of commercially driven Internet technology draw from the above opinion?

The guidelines for school administers regarding advertising thus remain blurry. Video advertising is acceptable, but not the type of video advertising on Channel One. Regarding Internet advertising, it would seem that using the Internet to research material on websites where advertising may appear would be analogous to the permissible practice of taping programs from the…

Law enforcement and corrections can be influenced by several external threats. These consist of external communication gaps and many environmental influences. One of the key external threats that impacts both corrections and law enforcement is politics. In delineation, politics is the art of wielding one's authority and power over the government or public affairs. In particular, political action can give rise to the imposition of one's interests within the government, in positions of leadership within the government, with regard to the control over resources, as well as in terms of holding government office. Politics influence law enforcement and corrections by impacting the individuals that will hold different positions in criminal justice, for instance the police, judges, prosecutors as well as correctional executives. Law enforcement, administration, and corrections are linked with politics on various extents and levels. Prevailing political philosophy and ideology influence the structure, organization, as well as anticipation of…

School Change Projects

A New Kind of PTA

Sometimes the most effective changes in a system come about through the simplest changes. Perhaps a better way to phrase this same idea is that sometimes the most effective changes in a system comes at the most basic level. This is the kind of change that I propose for my district, although it is not the same kind of back-to-basics plan that is still sweeping across the American educational landscape.

This suggestion does not touch on the issue of how basic the curriculum should be, although curricular reform is (of course) one of the central questions for every educational professional since the passage of the federal No Child Left Behind act. ather, the changes that I would like to see instituted in my district are a greater participation of parents and other family members in the students' educational lives. This is a…

References

Appleseed Network. (2010).  http://appleseednetwork.org/bOurProjectsb/Education/ParentInvolvement/tabid/618/Default.aspx 

It takes a parent. (2010).

Law of Demand

Changes in supply and demand of goods and services lead to a shift in equilibrium. Business managers have to be seized of how market equilibrium is sought in order to make robust business decisions that can pay-off. Market equilibrium is attained when the quantity demanded by the consumers corresponds to the quantity that the firms are willing to supply bearing in mind that equilibrium is basically the price quantity pair where the quantity demanded corresponds to the quantity supplied (Vienneau, 2005). Business enterprises have to be aware of the nuances of the market equilibrium.

Economists postulate that other things held constant, an increase in price of a commodity will make the quantity of that commodity demanded to decline and vice-versa. The demand of a commodity is the amount of that commodity that is bought per unit time at a particular price. An individual will demand a specific…

References List

Garegnani, P., (1970). Heterogeneous Capital, the Production Function and the Theory of Distribution. Review of Economic Studies, 37(3), 407 -- 436.

Sullivan, A. & Sheffrin, S.M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River,

New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Vienneau, R.L. (2005). On Labour Demand and Equilibria of the Firm. Manchester School,

othe values

Moal chaacte, that is, having couage, being pesistent, dismissing distactions and so on in pusuit of the goal.

These ae attempts to define ethics by descibing actions, and faily specific constellations of actions at that. Fedeich Paulson, a 19th centuy philosophe of ethics, defined ethics as a science of moal duty (1899).

Almost 100 yeas late, Swenson also used the concept of study in defining ethics, saying that it included the systematic study of concepts such as ight and wong. Othe eseaches note that the idea of systematic study is common in dictionay definitions of ethics, with the Ameican Heitage Dictionay focusing on thee elements: " the study of moal philosophy, the ules of a pofession (o moe boadly the chaacte of a community), and moal self-examination (Soukhanov, 1992).

Hill (2004) offes a 'definition' that is mainly pactical but also incopoates some theoetical content. They believe that ethical…

references for confidentiality of records. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 62-67.

Welfel, E.R. (1992). Psychologist as ethics educator: Successes, failures, and unanswered questions. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 23, 182-189.

Welfel, E.R. (1998). Ethics in counseling and psychotherapy: Standards, research, and emerging issues. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Welfel, E.R. (2002). Ethics in counseling and psychotherapy: Standards, research, and emerging issues (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

School Finance: Its Economics and Politics

School financing in America

Revenue sources for federal and state governments

Judicial reviews of school finance policy with evolving standards of equality

School-based decision making

Family choice of schooling

Reform of schooling-finance

Providing equality in educational opportunities to all is one of the cornerstones of American democracy. The founding fathers of America were aware of the necessity of having a population, which is educated since it enables an opportunity for all the citizens of the country to be successful. The necessity and the desire to create an environment where all children have equal opportunities for education to achieve success are now creating fundamental challenges in the field of education in America. In the 20th century, the issues which concerned school finance was about dealing with how to overcome fiscal disparities with the use of state and federal resources within a public school system. The…

Bibliography

Alexander, Kern, & Salmon, Richard, G. Public school finance. Mass.: Allyn and Bacon.(1995)

Hertert, Linda, Carolyn Busch, and Allan Odden. "School Financing Inequities Among the States: The Problem from a National Perspective." Journal of Education Finance 19 (Winter 1994), 231-255.

Odden, Allan, R., & Busch, Carolyn, C, "Financing schools for high performance: Strategies for improving the use of educational resources." California: Jossey-Bass, Publishers. (1998)

National Research Council. "Making Money Matter: Financing America's Schools." Committee on Education Finance, Helen F. Ladd and Janet S. Hansen, eds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. (1999)

"ccording to a 2001 Department of Justice survey, 20% of students aged 12 through 18 reported that street gangs had been present at their school during the previous 6 months. More than a quarter (28%) of students in urban schools reported a street gang presence, and 18% of students in suburban schools and 13% in rural schools reported the presence of street gangs. Public schools reported a much higher percentage of gang presence than private schools." These gangs were often responsible for selling drugs in schools, and used the profits gained from the trafficking of drugs to garner new recruits, soliciting dealers from the student population with the promise of profits. The gangs thus begat violence, just as the users whom they sell their drugs to also begat violence in their attempts to get enough money to buy more drugs.

According to the annual Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) cited by the Justice Information Center, there is a strong correlation between drug and alcohol abuse and violent crime. Data collected from male arrestees in 1998 in 35 cities showed that the percentage testing positive for any drug ranged from 42.5% in Anchorage, Alaska, (the lowest percentage) to 78.7% in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (a rather staggeringly high percentage). ( http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/crime/index.html ) Additionally, 27% of Federal prisoners admitted committing their offense to get money to buy drugs.

Gangs and drugs

Drug-related crimes are not merely the result of desperate actions of individuals in thrall to their addiction. Drug-related crimes also often have an organized source, and organized sources of drugs also are a source of violent crime. According to the FBI ( http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs11/13157/index.htm#relation ) one must look at the organized face of drug-related crime to gain a full picture of the negative impact drugs have on society. "According to a 2001 Department of Justice survey, 20% of students aged 12 through 18 reported that street gangs had been present at their school during the previous 6 months. More than a quarter (28%) of students in urban schools reported a street gang presence, and 18% of students in suburban schools and 13% in rural schools reported the presence of street gangs. Public schools reported a much higher percentage of gang presence than private schools." These gangs were often responsible for selling drugs in schools, and used the profits gained from the trafficking of drugs to garner new recruits, soliciting dealers from the student population with the promise of profits. The gangs thus begat violence, just as the users whom they sell their drugs to also begat violence in their attempts to get enough money to buy more drugs.

School-to-Work Programs

Every school board now offers school-to-work (STW) programs, which are designed to meet the needs of a large portion of today's students - those who are work-bound as soon as they graduate high school. Many of these programs allow students to enroll as apprentices and accumulate hours and experience towards a qualifying certificate in a specific profession while earning credits towards their high school graduation diploma, as well.

While advocates of such programs argue that they give additional relevance and meaning to the educational process as a whole and give students real opportunities to make connections between theory and actual practice, opponents believe that these types of programs are pervasive and prevent students from receiving a thorough and valuable education.

This paper supports the opposing viewpoint of school-to-work programs, arguing that education that concentrates on job training results in graduates who are less adaptable and less able to…

Bibliography

Brandeis University. (1992). Future options education: Careers and middle school youth. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University.

Cook, Mary. (June, 2001). Do School-to-work Programs Help or Hinder Education? Ingram's Education Edition.

Starr, Linda. (1998). STW Programs. Education World. Retrieved from the Internet at http://www.education-world.com/a_admin/admin081.shtml.

The 21st Century Education Foundation, (2001). U.S. Department of Education. School to Work Initiative. Retrieved from the Internet at http://www.buildbridges.net/businesses/schooltowork.htm.

11. The issued rose in this case is unauthorized use of a company vehicle, which resulted in an accident. Prater was told to bring the truck home over the weekend to work on the body only. His boss never gave him permission to use the truck for any other purpose. Besides, the insurance on the truck would probably only pay for the accident if it occurred on company time. Prater could be charged for stealing the truck and unauthorized use. The ruling in this case should be for the plaintiff. Prater should have to pay for the accident and repairs to the truck.

Week 8

5. In this case, the city is still the rightful owner of the piece of restored artwork. It does not matter how long Hoeltzer had the artwork, it is still the property of the city. Therefore, the city has legal title to the artwork unless…

They predict age and gender variations relate to bullying concerns. Of the 25 cartoons implemented in the study, two depict characters with different shades of skin color where skin color appeared to be an issue. One cartoon relating to sexual orientation was not used in several countries. Smith et al. report Olweus to assert bullying to be characterized by the following three criteria:

1. It is aggressive behavior or intentional "harmdoing"

2. which carried out repeatedly and over time

3. In an interpersonal relationship characterized by an imbalance of power. (Smith et al., 2002, p. 1120)

In their study, Smith et al. (2002), participating researchers in the 14 countries to completed the following

1. Listed and selected bullying terms as well as social exclusion in the applicable language.

2. Used fundamental focus groups with participating children to confirm usage and extensive comprehensive of terms.

3. Using cartoons, sorted tasks to…

REFERENCES

Anti-Bullying programs for schools. (2009). NoBully.com. Retrieved March 3, 2010 from  http://www.nobully.com/index.html 

Beaty, L.A., & Alexeyev, E.B. (2008). The Problem of School Bullies: What the Research Tells Us. Adolescence, 43(169), 1+. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5026476147 

Beran, T.N., Tutty, L. & Steinrath, G. (2004). An evaluation of a bullying prevention program for elementary schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology. Vol. 19, Iss. 1/2, p. 99

116 . Retrieved March 3, 2010 from  http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188387401&Fmt=4&clientId=9269&RQT=30

Schools of Criminology

Schools of Thought

Classical School introduction: This approach to criminology holds that basically, people will do things based on whether it is helpful to them and they will look after their own self-interest first. In other words, if a person is penniless and hungry, he will steal food because it is in his own self-interest to eat and stay alive, notwithstanding his crime

Classical School summary: In the 18th century philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that existing theories of crime (God or the devil determine what humans will do) were not relevant. They put forth the alternative idea that because humans have free will, they choose which behavior they will follow. Most humans respond to pleasure and pain, and if crime brings a person pleasure, that's what he will do; but being hungry can bring pain so a person will commit a crime to…

Works Cited

Gul, S.K. (2009). An Evaluation of the Rational Choice Theory in Criminology. Sociology & Applied Science, 4(8), 36-44.

Tibbetts, S.G., and Hemmens, C. (2009). Criminology Theory: A Text/Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Vito, G., and Maahs, J. (2011). Criminology: Theory, Research, and Policy. Burlington, MA:

Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Transportation

Students who are bussed to a larger school can use the time to be productive; reading, homework, etc.

1.5-2 hours per day of commuting is unacceptable for students and will eat into their family and work time.

Opportunities

A larger school will provide greater opportunity for social networks, sports, music, drama, and more extracurricular activities.

Loss of community will make the younger students uncomfortable as well.

Academics

A larger school will provide greater academic opportunities for the HS students in preparation for university; there are more resources available.

The student to teach ratio will change and the students will be part of just another large classroom.

Thus, the question really comes down to potential. Neither side can equivocally state that the future of the students will be better or worse; there are arguments for both as well as the possibility that the solution will be quite positive for some,…

REFERENCES

Cary, S. (2003). A Beginner's Guide to the Scientific Method. New York: Wadsworth.

Cresswell, J. (2003). Research Design. New York: Sage.

Groves, R. a. (2003). Introducing Political Philosophy. New York: Icon Books.

Hatton, J. (1996). Science and Its Ways of Knowing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Benjamin Cummings Publishers.

Law Enforcement Introduction

The Modern Police Forces

Prior to the formation of the Philadelphia force in 1833, policing primarily consisted of "night watches" and sheriffs recruited from the community (Sabeth). The role of law enforcement was ad hoc in nature to fight crime, night watch patrols, and not an organized or uniform organization. Incidentally, the rural nature of the country did not necessitate an established and robust policing force until the urbanization and industrialization of the 1830s and 1840s. In response to a growing need to maintain law and order on city streets, a significant and visible presence was needed to counter riots and avert crime.

Philadelphia, and later New York, first established polices forces whose jurisdiction and duties were attended twenty-four hours a day (Sabeth). The significance of the modern police force was that it was developed to prevent crime, law enforcement, and maintain order by being visibly present…

Works Cited

Walker, S., & Katz, C.M. (2008). The Police in America: An Introduction (6th Edition). New York, New York: McGraw-HIll.

Sabeth, D. (n.d.). The Evolution of American Policing. Retrieved September 8, 2012, from American Federation of Police & Concerned Citizens:  http://www.aphf.org/hist.html

Forms of marriage that should be legally banned

ay marriage violates the sacred texts, traditions, and beliefs among many religious organizations. For this reason, it must be banned. The American Baptist Churches, Association of Evangelicals, United Methodist Church, Presbyterian Church, and the Catholic Church have all opposed same sex marriage. If marriage is expanded to incorporate, gay couples may encourage religious organization to marry same sex couples and schools will teach kids that opposite sex marriage is same as same sex marriage.

Marriage of children or underage girls has been closely linked to the increase in the spread of HIV / AIDS. The trend of men marrying young girls has been a condoned social norm. Therefore, it must be declared illegal based on the promulgation of the 2012 Children's Welfare and Protection Act. Evidently, the practice should be banned because of the conflicts with the provisions of the constitutional clauses.…

Gay marriage violates the sacred texts, traditions, and beliefs among many religious organizations. For this reason, it must be banned. The American Baptist Churches, Association of Evangelicals, United Methodist Church, Presbyterian Church, and the Catholic Church have all opposed same sex marriage. If marriage is expanded to incorporate, gay couples may encourage religious organization to marry same sex couples and schools will teach kids that opposite sex marriage is same as same sex marriage.

Marriage of children or underage girls has been closely linked to the increase in the spread of HIV / AIDS. The trend of men marrying young girls has been a condoned social norm. Therefore, it must be declared illegal based on the promulgation of the 2012 Children's Welfare and Protection Act. Evidently, the practice should be banned because of the conflicts with the provisions of the constitutional clauses. Old men marrying young girls who have just entered puberty are not a customary marriage. Although this has often been done, it cannot be tolerated.

However, times are changing: the prevalence of HIV is rising day by day. This practice has made significant contributions to the spread of HIV. Girl Child Rights and public health advocates have emerged victorious in the abolition of this practice. Research studies revealed that adolescents are greatly exposed to the risk of HIV / AIDS because most of them face sexual violence, come from plural marriage, and cannot negotiate for safe sex. In this regard, because plural marriage is a catalyst for the spread of HIV / AIDS, it should also be legally banned. Girls who engage in such practices have demonstrated a high illiteracy level, low contact with peers and limited access to health and media messages.

School Legal Entanglement Plan

This Legal Entanglement Plan seeks to examine the policies, programs, strategies, and practices of a particular school with respect to its moral, legal, and ethical implications. The plan is developed based on a three-step process that will help in addressing the issue that could potentially become a liability or legal entanglement if left unaddressed. The plan will help in addressing the issue since it will be communicated to appropriate stakeholders.

Step 1 – Analysis

Moral and Legal Issues in School Strategies

One of the moral, ethical or legal issue facing Carson Elementary School in West Price and could escalate into a legal entanglement is school bullying, which poses significant threats on the welfare and well-being of students. Bullying is a broad concept that involves intentional aggression, power imbalance between the perpetrator and victim, and repetitive aggressive behavior (Cornell & Limber, 2015). Carson Elementary School recognizes that…

The last century has seen an increase in the level of international purchases which has been supported by the developments in transportation and technology. Goods can move faster than before with developments in logistics. The negotiation and forming contracts for purchase with companies and communicate with potential suppliers in distant countries is also easier than in the past with the internet and tools such as video conferencing and emails. This facilitates the use of international suppliers. However, other firms may choose local suppliers believing strategy will best suit their needs. Local suppliers may be able to provide where there is an increase in the transparency of the supply chain, less exposure to risks such as interruption and exchange rate risks and proximity may allow closer collaborative relationships to develop. Both procurement strategies are viable, to assess the advantages associated with each approach the procurement from international and local suppliers can…

REFERENCES

'Automotive and Auto Parts Industry in Turkey.' (2012). Turkish Ministry of Economy. [online] available:  http://blog.tcp.gov.tr/?p=2632 .

"Automotive Industry Trends Affecting Component Suppliers.' (2005). International Labour Review, vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 130-133.

Borrus, M., Ernst, D. & Haggard, S. (2001). International Production Networks in Asia: Rivalry or Riches. London: Routledge.

Burton, S., & Steane, P. (2004). Surviving Your Thesis. New York: Routledge.

Criminal Law Due Process

Due process is an essential guarantee of basic fairness for citizens based on law. It has two basic goals; to produce accurate results through fair procedure to prevent wrongful deprivation of interests and to make people feel the government treated them fairly by listening to their side of the story (Procedural Due Process). Due process requires fair procedures when governments take actions against citizens, whether it is the federal government or a state government that is taking action.

Due process is divided into two categories, substantive due process and procedural due process (Due Process of Law - Substantive due Process, Procedural Due Process, Further Reading, 2013). Substantive law creates, defines, and regulates rights. Substantive due process makes the laws that give rights to citizens by due processes. Procedural law enforces those rights or seeks redress for violation of those rights. Evidence presented against a citizen will…

Bibliography

Criminal Procedure. (2010, August 19). Retrieved from Cornell University Law School:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/criminal_procedure 

Due Process of Law - Substantive due Process, Procedural Due Process, Further Reading. (2013). Retrieved from JRank:  http://law.jrank.org/pages/6315/Due-Process-Law.html 

Fifth Amendment. (n.d.). Retrieved from Cornell University Law School:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/we/fifth_amendment 

Procedural Due Process. (n.d.). Retrieved from University of Missouri:  http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/proceduraldueprocess.html

Pre-Law Curriculum for the Sixth Grade

Governmental Background

These courses are drafted to create a strong background and knowledge base for the student to explore a career in the legal field in America to a range of degrees.

The American Federal System

This course will present to the students the powers specific to the federal government, specific to the state government and those specific to both. The goal is to have the student understand where these powers are different and where they overlap as well. Students will be forced to consider how the people are able to maintain their sovereignty within this system and the importance of doing so.

State and Local Government

Presents the constitutional background for the state and local government while putting an emphasis on the overlap of the states and their subdivisions along with the goals of both state and local politics. Students will be encouraged…

attend the University of Hong Kong Law School. I am applying for admission to the University of Hong Kong Law School for a number of reasons. First, I feel the law school at the University of Hong Kong is one of the best law schools in the world, and I would feel very privileged to attend it. In addition, during my education and employment in the United States, I have worked with law offices in California and in Hong Kong in a variety of areas, so I feel I have the necessary background that will make me successful in the school. Finally, I was born in Hong Kong, and my family immigrated to the United States when I was 14. I would like to continue my education in my homeland, and work in international law when I complete my degree.

My background includes schooling in the United States, and work…

learn how the law works by memorizing a set of rules or theorems. A misconception lies in the commonly asked question, "What is the law?" -- since it presupposes that it's all laid out somewhere on great stone tablets. The truth is that the answer often is, "It depends." As you'll soon discover the legal system basically is a method of applying abstract rules or social policy to concrete situations. To comprehend its workings, you have to get involved in the process -- it's a little like learning to swim in that you've got to jump in and splash around a bit. It's not an unpleasant sensation, but it may seem little strange until you get used to it and learn to keep your head above water. You'll discover it's a bit like peeling an onion in that as you strip away one layer of complexity you find another one…

References

Carter, L.H. (1979) Reason in Law.

New York: Little Brown & Co.

Dershowitz, A.M. (2002) Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age.

New York: Little Brown & Co.

student with a Bachelor of Science degree in Communications, minors in both Psychology and Sociology, and a desire to attend law school, my request to enter a Biochemistry program may be unusual. After all, people who focus on the hard sciences usually do so because of plans to work in a particular industry or to pursue additional field-specific education via Masters or PhD programs. Because I have no intention of pursuing a graduate degree in Biochemistry or a related field, I may, in fact, seem to be a flawed candidate for the Biochemistry program, who would be taking up space in a highly competitive program that might be better used for someone who intends to pursue Biochemistry. However, my goal in attending law school is to pursue patent law. To become eligible to sit for the Patent Bar, a candidate must have a demonstrable science or technical background. Therefore, the…

(University of Oslo Law School, 2005) Characteristic for the Norwegian legal tradition in the 20th century, as for the rest of Scandinavia, is the so-called "legal realism," which has emphasized considerations of justice in legal reasoning. Conceptualism and integrated theoretical systems have never been followed in Scandinavia, in other words, there is no attempt to create a unified theory of contract law, rather disputes are handled by a case by case basis, with more faith in the practices of the judges to administer and dispense justice. (Lillebakken, 1997)

orks Cited

Lillebakken, Frode. "Norway: ECTS 1996/97" University of Oslo Law School. 1996. http://www.jur.uib.no/Studier/Utland/English/ECTS/LEGAL.htm

University of Oslo Law School. "American Contract Law: Boiler Plate Essays." 2005. Anglo Project. http://www.jus.uio.no/ifp/anglo_project/essays.html

Works Cited

Lillebakken, Frode. "Norway: ECTS 1996/97" University of Oslo Law School. 1996. http://www.jur.uib.no/Studier/Utland/English/ECTS/LEGAL.htm

University of Oslo Law School. "American Contract Law: Boiler Plate Essays." 2005. Anglo Project.  http://www.jus.uio.no/ifp/anglo_project/essays.html

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was enacted into law in 1986 to deal with the hacking of computer systems operated by the American government and certain financial institutions. Through its enactment, the legislation made it a federal offense to access a protected computer without authorization or to an extent that is beyond the authorized access. However, since it was passed into law, the act has been amended severally in attempts to expand its scope and penalties. In addition, the act has developed to be an important legislation since it's used widely not only by the government to prosecute hackers but it's also used by private corporations to help protect their trade secrets and other proprietary information.

Penalties and Fines in the Law:

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is considered as one of the most essential computer-crime laws because it was the first significant federal legislation to offer some protection…

References:

Easttom, C. & Taylor, D.J. (2011). Computer Crime, Investigation, and the Law. Boston, MA:

Cengage Learning.

"United States v. Morris -- Bloomberg Law." (n.d.). Case Briefs. Retrieved December 3, 2012,

from  http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-law/criminal-law-keyed-to-dressler/mens-rea/united-states-v-morris/

As a practical matter, we think that unless a lawyer has, or anticipates, a considerable practice in the New Hampshire courts, he would be unlikely to take the bar examination and pay the annual dues of $125." The U.S. Supreme Court decided similarly in the Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman, when it struck down a requirement in Virginia barring non-residents from even taking the exam. The defendant, a Maryland resident, already had a full-time job in Virginia. The court found: "If a state denies non-residents such a privilege, it must have a substantial justification for the difference in treatment that substantially relates to the state's objective in correcting the problem. The practice of law, like other occupations, is sufficiently basic to the national economy to be deemed a privilege protected by the Clause. Although Virginia did not totally exclude nonresidents from practicing in the State that does not mean…

Works Cited

Gillers, Stephen. Regulation of Lawyers: Problems of Law and Ethics. Aspen, 2009.

Klienfelter, Quinn. "Blind would-be law student claims discrimination in testing." NPR.

June 15, 2011. [June 20, 2011]

 http://www.npr.org/2011/06/15/137179261/blind-law-student-claims-discrimination-in-testing

Education Law

Education 520 Business Law

Hiring policy

To avoid an anti-discriminatory lawsuit regarding hiring practices, an employer should declare him or herself an 'equal opportunity employer.' To be compliant with the laws enforced by the EEOC, an employer must not discriminate based upon race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The employer should also not discriminate on the basis of pregnancy, age, disability or genetic information (Laws enforced by the EEOC, 2012, EEOC).

If the institution wishes to pursue a strategy of affirmative action regarding the hiring and promoting of employees he or she should state it clearly in employment literature, usually in the form of the phrase that 'members of historically discriminated-against groups are encouraged to apply.' However, the employer must be careful not to use a quota system, or set a goal for how many members of such groups will be hired to positions, based upon their…

References

Affirmative action. (2012). Labor employment law. Retrieved:

 http://labor-employment-law.lawyers.com/employment-discrimination/Affirmative-Action.html 

Laws enforced by the EEOC. (2012). EEOC. Retrieved:

 http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/index.cfm

individual making the leak would likely be protected by First Amendment laws given that the statement was made by the sheriff regarding the investigation 'on the record,' as is noted in the report. If a statement was made about a public figure who has less of an expectation of privacy under current legal interpretations, regardless if the leaker was a member of the press or a private individual, the statement would be thoroughly protected. "Despite popular misunderstanding the right to freedom of the press guaranteed by the First Amendment is not very different from the right to freedom of speech. It allows an individual to express themselves through publication and dissemination. It is part of the constitutional protection of freedom of expression [for all individuals]. It does not afford members of the media any special rights or privileges not afforded to citizens in general" ("First Amendment," 2014). All citizens have…

References

Defamation law made simple. (2014). Nolo. Retrieved from:

 http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/defamation-law-made-simple-29718.html 

Diminished privacy rights for public figure/official. (2014). RCFP. Retrieved from:

 http://www.rcfp.org/federal-foia-appeals-guide/exemption-6/ii-clearly-unwarranted-invasion-personal-privacy/nature-pri-7#sthash.gTTMToJe.dpuf

Conservatives, on the other hand, have many passions and one of them is a color-blind government. Most of them believe that all policies of discrimination should be discarded. They view these policies as unwise, immoral and unconstitutional. Three conservative organizations submitted a collective brief to the Supreme Court on the Michigan cases. These organizations were the Center for Equal Opportunity, the Independent Women's Forum and the American Civil Rights Institute. Their brief succinctly stated that racial preferences were incompatible with the 14th Amendment. The 14th Amendment, according to them, clearly states that no person within its jurisdiction would be denied the equal protection of the laws. The silence of the justices to this statement was perceived to indicate insufficient interest in the original understanding than in their own case law. In 1865 and 1866, radical Republicans proposed a constitutional amendment that no State could set distinctions in civil rights and…

Bibliography

Katznelson, I. (2006). When is affirmative action fair? 19 pages. Social Research: New School for Social Research

National Review (1995). Courting trouble. 2 pages. National Review, Inc.: Gale Group

O'Sullivan, J. (2003). Affirmative action forever? 5 pages. National Review: National Review, Inc.

Paul, P. (2003). The legacy of affirmative action. 2 pages. Media Central, Inc.: PRIMEDIA Company

herefore, by increasing the costs of imprisonment by the three strikes law, it is intended that there will be less crime. Marwell and Moody express several difficulties with the laws in the 24 states: Criminals are not always aware of the laws, at least not initially; repeat criminals can be expected to serve substantial prison terms even in the absence of the laws; almost all of the states already had habitual criminal statutes where criminals with prior convictions could be given lengthy sentences under the judge's discretion; the deterrent effect on homicides is limited in any case because the law most likely does not increase sanctions for homicides. However, the law may reduce homicides by deterring robberies and other felonies where homicides may take place; some criminals may limit their expected costs by taking evasive action, such as moving to another jurisdiction or to other areas of crime where the…

Trends: Crime, the Police, and Civil Liberties

Greg M. Shaw; Robert Y. Shapiro; Shmuel Lock; Lawrence R. Jacobs

1998 62:405-426. Public Opinion Quarterly

Saving Affirmative Action Laws

Affirmative action laws apply to many sections of societal interactions be it school admissions, business, or employee hiring, they attempt to balance the history of racial discrimination that marked the period before the laws came into being. Affirmative action requires that persons making decisions relating to employment, business and education take into account factors such as religion, sex, color, race and national origin. The major advantage of the laws is that they promote the opportunities available for minority groups in the society. The major proponent of the laws is that they compensate for persecution, discrimination and exploitation that was present in the past. Over the last few years, there has been debate on the benefits and harms brought about by affirmative action with several arguing that though it has met its intended benefits, the law also disadvantages minority groups since they may end up in institutions…

References

1986. Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education.

1987. United States v. Paradise.

2003a. Gratz v. Bollinger.

2003b. Grutter v. Bollinger.

Business Law

The Paris convention is one of the Intellectual Property Treaties administered by World International Property Organization (WIPO). It was first signed in Paris in 1883 by 11 countries to provide international harmonizing and streamlining of intellectual property laws. It has been revised many times and its current language includes patents, trademarks and industrial designs. Major fundamental principles of the treaty include (World International Property Organization, 2013);

Anti-discrimination policy: each member country is obliged to give other member country nationals, the same protection and advantages it gives to its nationals.

Framework of priority: an invention can be protected from the same point, in time in various countries. The patent applicants are granted the date of their first filling; as the active application date for the patent applications in all member countries, for up to 12 months after filling the original application.

Berne Convention; it is also referred to as…

References

World International Property Organization, (2013). Paris Convention

for the Protection of Industrial Property. Retrieved September 3, 2013 from  http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/paris/trtdocs_wo020.html 

The United States Patent and Trademark Office, (2013). Madrid Protocol. Retrieved September 3, 2013 from  http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/law/madrid/index.jsp 

Cornel University Law School, (2013). Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Paris Text 1971). Retrieved September 3, 2013 from  http://www.law.cornell.edu/treaties/berne/5.html

From 1990-1993, prior to three-strikes, the CCI dropped a total of 2.4%. From 1994-1997, post three-strikes, the CCI dropped 30.8%. For violent offenses the decrease was 27% post three-strikes vs. An increase of 7% from 1990-1993 (eres and Griffith 106).

However, some argue that the drop in the crime rate actually began in 1993 with a significant drop before any impact from three-strikes. This does not imply that the huge drop in the crime rate post three-strikes was not due to that legislation. And it cannot be doubted that three-strikes definitely had a significant impact on the crime rate drop. However, other factors may have initiated the drop in crime in 1993, which also impacted the bigger drops after three-strikes. A booming California economy during that same time period is one explanation offered.

Similar Laws in other States?

Twenty-eight states have three-strike laws. Most are "similar" to California's. However there…

Bibliography

Beres, L. And T. Griffith. "Did Three Strikes Cause the Recent Drop in California Crime?" November 1998. Loyola of Los Angeles Law School. 15 September 2009 .

Messerli, J. "Is the three-strikes law, which provides mandatory 25-to-life sentences for a third felony conviction, a good idea?" 15 October 2006. Balancedpolitics.org. 14 September 2009 .

Total Criminal Defense. "Understanding Three Strikes and You're Out Laws." n.d. Total Criminal Defense. 14 September 2009 .

Contracts Law: Disney World Jurassic Park Amusement ide

The first question at issue in this study has to do with the termination of an employee for poor sales performance who entered into a non-compete agreement with the company, specifically that of Disney. The employee, Simpson agreed that he would not directly or indirectly compete with Disney as an agent, employer, broker, or contractor for one year from the date of termination. Simpson has argued that he has a wife and three children and that the non-compete agreement should not apply as he has a right to earn a living and this includes anywhere in the United States. Three questions are posed: (1) Is the restriction likely to be found reasonable by a court of law? (2) Does the agreement restrain trade? (3) What change if any would you make to the restrictive wording above for the future?

In answer to…

References

An Introduction To Corporate Regulation and Standardization (2013) Legal Practitioner. Retrieved from: http://legal.practitioner.com/regulation/standards_9_3_1.htm

Corbin, A. (1919) Conditions in the Law of Contract. Yale Law School. 1 Jan 1919. Retrieved from:  http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3855&context=fss_papers 

Entire Agreement (2013) Contract Standards. Retrieved from: http://www.contractstandards.com/contract-structure/general-provisions/entire-agreement

Glazov, J. (2009) Liquidated Damages In Construction Contracts Part 1 -- What Are Liquidated Damages And Why Have Them. Construction Law Today. Retrieved from: http://www.constructionlawtoday.com/2009/04/liquidated-damages-in-construction-contracts-part-1-what-are-liquidated-damages-and-why-have-them/

Any good that is purchased from Amazon via the internet is governed by Article 2 of the UCC. Buying a CD from this site would constitute buying a good. When the Amazon site puts a good up for sale then they are making an offer and when a person agrees to buy that good they are accepting that offer. This transaction would fall under the proposed new UCC § 2-204(4) because it is a transaction done via the internet. In this transaction I had the choice of refusing or taking feat that in order to use the electronic agent to conclude the transaction or to designate acceptance of an offer, in spite of other expressions or actions by the person to which the electronic agent cannot respond.

Once I ordered the CD the merchant had a responsibility of good faith in its performance and enforcement of the contract by providing…

References

Uniform Commercial Code - Article 2. (2005). Retrieved December 7, 2010, from Cornell

University Law School Web site:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/2/

police and law enforcement officers have more or less discretion? Why? Give an example of a specific discretionary power in your answer. What parameters may be used to set the limits to discretion, apart from the provisions of applicable laws? Consider the role of ethics in society and discuss how those ethics are funneled to policing and law enforcement. What impact do varying ethical norms of the increasingly diverse American society have on policing? As the police force itself becomes more diverse, would we see different police responses to similar situations?

Although the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, the police have considerable latitude in determining what constitutes probable cause. In general, "courts ordinarily suppress evidence obtained during an unreasonable search or seizure and offered against the accused" and a warrant must be obtained (Fourth Amendment, 2013, Cornell University Law School). However, exceptions to the Fourth Amendment include…

freedom of association refers to the freedom to join a union or association without fear of outside interference. Australia does not guarantee freedom of association in her Constitution. As a result, Australia has ratified several international covenants on freedom of expression, and used international laws as a basis for the Industrial Relations Reform Act 1993.

The orkplace Relations Act of 1996, which specifically protected the freedom of association, and provided specific penalties for breaching the Act, superseded the 1993 Act. Recently, the war on terrorism has presented an unexpected threat to Australia's freedom of association laws. This renewed the argument that the freedom of association should be guaranteed, by law, within the body of Australia's constitution.

Freedom of association has taken an important place in international labor law and social justice. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has long had conventions that deal specifically with freedom of association, the importance of…

Works Cited

Amnesty International. Australia: Senate Must Consider Human Rights When Considering Terrorism Laws. Media release - 13 May 2002. 24 September 2002.  http://www.amnesty.org.au/airesources/press-02-05-13.html 

Australasian Legal Information Institute. COMMUNICATING WITH THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE: A Guide to the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 24 September 2003. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/ahric/booklet/part3.html

Human & Constitutional Rights. Australian Laws of Freedom of Association. Site maintained by the Arthur W. Diamond Law Library at Columbia Law School. 24 September 2002.  http://www.hrcr.org/safrica/freedom_assoc/australia_law.html 

International Labour Organization. Fundamental International Labour Standards on Freedom of Association. 24 September 2002.  http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/whatare/fundam/foa.htm

Monique is a 24-year-old law student who appears normal on the surface, but struggles with substance abuse issues. She has been drinking since she was 14 years old and regularly consumes a large number of drinks when she goes out with her friends, in addition to consuming alcohol each evening at home. Her drinking interferes with her normal life, as hangovers prevent her from attending morning classes on occasion, and she sometimes blacks out while drinking. In addition, Monique smokes marijuana. She recently attempted to stop smoking marijuana due to concerns that she has a drug problem, but found herself unable to stop. She does not think that she has a drinking problem because she does not drink in the morning, but her family and friends are concerned about her drinking (Butcher et al., 2012, p.6).

Some of the information that would be important to collect during the initial assessment…

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Appendix I: Outline for cultural formulation and glossary of culture-bound syndromes in DSM-IV-TR (pp.897-903) Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Butcher, J.N., Mineka, S., & Hooley, J.M. (2012). Chapter 1: Abnormal psychology over time in Psychology (Laureate Education, custom

14th ed.) (pp. 6). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Butcher, J.N., Mineka, S., & Hooley, J.M. (2012). Chapter 4: Clinical assessment and diagnosis in Psychology (Laureate Education, custom

Tokenism: The ole and Experiences of Minority Teachers in Predominantly White Schools

The Problem and Its Setting

Anticipated Findings

The past generation has seen the integration of America's public schools. Such integration has presented challenges and opportunities not only for the Minority students now enrolled in predominantly White schools, but also for the Minority teachers who find themselves assigned to those same schools. While opening up new horizons for many Minority educators, the purposeful placing of Minorities in majority White schools has also raised the issue of tokenism. The question remains as to whether these Minority teachers are being treated equally with their White counterparts, and whether their assignment to mostly White schools is based upon real ability and genuine need, or whether such assignments are merely reflective of well-meaning social policy gone awry. Many capable Minority teachers find themselves to be victims of the same sort of discrimination that…

References

1. Bush, Laura. (2002). "Troops to Teachers Available to Reserve Components: America Needs You!" URL:

 http://www.defenselink.mil/ra/documents/articles/TroopstoTeachersReserveComponents.pdf .

2. Donaldson, K.B. (1996). Through Students' Eyes: Combating Racism in United States Schools. Westport, CT: Praeger.

3. Gibson, Rich. (1992). "Let's Create Schools for Real Change." Partisan Education: Taking Sides in the Schools. Alexandria, Va. 1997: Renaissance Community Press. URL: http://www.pipeline.com/~rgibson/partisan/section2.html.

Electronic Privacy Control Act of 1986 address?

The ECPA addressed a variety of issues regarding the collection of information by government agencies using electronic devices. For instance, it placed more restrictions on wire tapping, such as the transmission of data via computer. It also addressed issues regarding the retrieval of data stored on a drive and the use of pen traps for tracing phone calls.

In actuality, however, the Act addressed the needs of government agencies to have permission to tap into communications and stored data files of networks and providers. The Act allowed such agencies to request warrants to obtain such information by broadening the list of crimes for which said collection methods could be lawfully used. So while technically the Act was said to place new limits on law enforcement "snooping," it actually expanded those limits in terms of the justification that could be used to request a…

References

ECPA. (1986). Cornell University Law School. Retrieved from  https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/part-I/chapter-119 

Helft, M., Miller, C. (2011). 1986 Privacy Law is Outrun by the Web. New York Times.

Retrieved from  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/10/technology/10privacy.html?hp&_r=0 

Introduction to ECPA. (2015). Electronic Privacy Information Center. Retrieved from  https://epic.org/privacy/ecpa/

Rule of Law and Extra-Legal Doctrines

The rule of law does not need to be supported or expanded by "extra-legal" doctrines of morality. The laws as they exist today in this country are based upon a system of morality that has evolved over thousands of years. Our laws embody this system of morality and do not need to be supported by other doctrines of morality. Moral notions of good and bad laws exist to prevent the government from abusing the rights of its citizens. In order for the rule of law to allow a government to exercise power, governments should not execute laws in arbitrary fashion. Those who make and enforce the law are themselves bound to adhere to it. "The legislative department shall never exercise the executive and judicial powers or either of them: the executive shall never exercise the legislative and judicial powers, or either of them: the…

During this Diaspora, the African Slave Trade transferred 9-12 million people from one continent to another with major repercussions on cultural and political traditions in the New World. There have been a number of modern Diasporas based on the post-Cold War world in which huge populations of refugees migrated from conflict, especially from developing countries (Southeast Asia, China, Afghanistan, Iran, Latin America, South American, Rwanda, etc.).

Part 1.2.1 - Civil Law is a legal system inspired by Ancient Roman law. In Civil law, laws are written into a codified collection that is a group of ideas and systems that work in tandem to help organize societies without the need for judicial interpretation. Overall, civil law is in place to formulate general principles and to distinguish substantive rules from procedural rules, and is based on the tenet that legislation is the primary source of law.

Conceptually, civil law is a group…

Federal and State Legislation

Domestic Violence Legislation at the Federal and State Level

Domestic violence is considered any violent act taken against someone involved in an intimate or family relationship (Eulich, 2013). It is a serious problem with countless victims each year. In 1994, Congress passed the United States Crime Bill which gave power to the federal government to help combat domestic violence, in particular violence against women and children. Specifically, the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was created to address this problem which is considered to not only hurt victims, but also damage families, children and society as a whole (Eulich, 2013). The Act mandates that such crimes may be prosecuted by the Department of Justice and that the Gun Control Act (that existed as part of the federal Crime Bill) be extended to include issues related to domestic violence crimes. This VAWA gives the federal government a platform…

Reference

Eulich, W. (2013, February 13). In U.S., big strides in reducing domestic violence. Christian Science Monitor. p. N.PAG.

Trenton School

The environment at School1, were I am employed revolves around the many different standards of behavior and conduct. While much of this conduct is derived by local customs and habits, the imposing of law and order also significantly contributes to what is and what is not allowed. The purpose of this essay is to explore the relationship with both state and federal laws and School 1. This essay will explore the law and its applications to my school by examining key points and relevant issues related to these interactions.

Background Of Trenton School District

It is important to understand the starting point of this discussion in order to see the bigger influences that state and local governments have on the school district. According to the districts website, the mission of this school district is " All students will graduate with a vision for their futures, motivated to learn…

"Failure of any district to budget funds to meet statutory requirements is a very serious matter and will result in the executive county superintendent rejection of the budget. The district will be advised of any lack of budget approval with specific recommendations on necessary corrective revisions." (New Jersey Department of Education 2013, P 14).

3. Key Budget Terminology

There are numerous terminologies with regard to the school district budget. The most important budget terminologies are

evenue

The revenue is the money received by the school district within an accounting year. A fund is part of the revenue and there are four sources of revenue for the school district and this include:

Local source,

Intermediate source, state, and Federal sources.

Expenditures

Expenditures are the expenses that the school district must fulfill within an accounting year. Part of the school district expenditures are the payment of teachers' salary, and travel expenses for…

References

Ernest & Young (2012).U.S. GAAP vs. IFRS the basics. Ernst&Young LLP.

State of New Jersey (2008).The Uniform Minimum Chart of Accounts for New Jersey Public Schools. Department of Education, Division of Finance.

New Jersey Department of Education (2013).Budget Guidelines Fiscal Year 2013-2014.Office of School Finance.

In high school students must pass regents examines before they are able to graduate.

If a Title I school does not show annual progress for two consecutive years, that school will be identified as a "needs improvement school." The district is mandates bylaw to take whatever actions are needed to correct the situation by the following year.

The NCLB laws place reading at the top of the priority list in academic subjects.

North Carolina schools comply with all federal and state laws with regard to its school system.

The schools are funded by federal, state and county taxes which are earmarked not only for education but for specific segments of the public school system.

Legislators in North Carolina have to walk a line between making sure mandates are being met while at the same time being sure they are properly educating the children in their districts.

Often times the two…

SCHOOL ATTENDANCE -- WHY IT IS COMPULSORY AND WHY IT SHOULD STAY THAT WAY

Roger Sipher argues that if compulsory attendance laws are repealed, the society would be better off as students who do not wish to be in schools would stay out while the ones who are committed will receive quality education. In this paper, we argue against this line of thought because I personally believe that just like you cannot allow your child the right to eat or not to eat, because you know that not eating would hurt his growth and development, similarly you cannot allow your child or any child for that matter to not go to school because sooner or later they would realize what a huge disservice you did to them by allowing them a say in the matter. Not only does lack of education hurt a person's future, it also has a negative…

The author of the article, "Achieving the Challenge: Meeting Standards in the Continuation High School" (Stits, 2001) related that "prior to 1983, many continuation high schools existed in districts where expectations were limited to keeping the students in school as much as possible," and also the ideas was to keep those continuation students "away from the traditional high school campus." The implication was clear: there was a stigma that students in continuation school were bad seeds, and the idea was to keep them away from the mainstream lest they have a negative effect on the "good students" in the regular high school.

But eventually, the image of continuations schools in California changed, as communities more and more were trying to prevent school dropouts, and the need for a high school diploma became more important, as well, Stits writes.

HO DO CONTINUATION SCHOOLS OPERATE?

In an article in the journal Thrust…

Works Cited

Arlington Public Schools. (2005). Alternative Education: Purpose, Mission, Beliefs. Retrieved Nov. 10, 2007, at  http://www.apsva.us/hsc .

Community College Week. (2004). R.I. Plan Would Help at-risk Students.

Hardy, Lawrence. (2007). Children at Risk: Graduation Day. American School Board Journal,

No. 37907. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2007, at  http://www.asbj.com .

The author of this report has been asked to detail three different programs that are geared towards crime prevention and control with students. For each program, there will be a description. There will also be a listing of the pros and cons for the program. The difference in the methods as well as a general compare and contrast will be completed. The overall level of success for each program will also be included. While anti-crime programs have varying levels of success with the students of the United States, keeping students out of trouble is something that is deemed to be worthwhile and necessary.

Analysis

One of the more prolific and prominent programs out there that relates to crime would be DARE, which is short for Drug Abuse Resistance Education. It educates children about the danger of drugs and the related outcomes that can come with the same. It also educates…

In order to fully safeguard the country's borders, it is necessary to take into account that criminals tend to develop as fast as new technology can be implemented. Hence it is important to improve methods for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, analysis and training, and support efforts to deter not only illegal aliens, but also the substances some of them bring into the country. On the other hand, it is also important to recognize the human element inherent in the immigration problem. Some believe they have no choice but to risk their lives in order to have any quality of life at all.

eferences

Camarota, S.A. (2004). The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal Immigration and the Federal Budget. Center for Immigration Studies. etrieved from http://www.cis.org/articles/2004/fiscal.pdf

Msnbc.com. (2010). Obama orders 1,200 Guard troops to border. etrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37340747

The White House (2010). emarks by the President on Comprehensive Immigration eform. American…

References

Camarota, S.A. (2004). The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal Immigration and the Federal Budget. Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved from  http://www.cis.org/articles/2004/fiscal.pdf 

Msnbc.com. (2010). Obama orders 1,200 Guard troops to border. Retrieved from  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37340747 

The White House (2010). Remarks by the President on Comprehensive Immigration Reform. American University School of International Services, Washington, D.C

U.S. Immigration Support. (2010). Illegal Immigration from Mexico. Retrieved from http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/illegal-immigration-from-mexico.html

ather than forming the one, who happens to live in America, into a citizen of this nation, the objective of the 21st century is to make him a citizen of the world. And it is arguable, too, whether the focus is on knowledge as power as it was in Mann's days; focus may have changed to knowledge of technology and business as per power as evidenced by the increasing number of dropouts and increasing stress of corporations and need to make money. Individualism was rubbed into conformism in the attempt to make one patriotic American citizen. It is thought that today we are more individualistic, but the reality may be that Adam Smith may merely have taken center place today, and contemporary conformism centers around money.

Other differences include the shift from nation to individual. In Mann's days the individual existed for the purpose of a common end, and, accordingly,…

Reference

Spring, J. The American School