Loan Essays (Examples)

Loan Sales and Other Credit

ETMA accomplishes its primary objective, improving risk management, efficiency and transparency of the secondary market, by surveying and legal requirements and developments. (Buckley, 1998, p. 47)

Loan Sales FAQs

What is a loan sale?

A loan sale is a commonly used term for the sale of loans or loan pools. Loans acquired by the FDIC from failed financial institutions are generally sold in pools through sealed bid sale or English outcry auction.

How are sales structured?

Typically, sales contain loans that have similar characteristics. The loans are refined into pools according to specific criteria. Pooling considerations may include loan size, quality, type, collateral and location.

What documents are available on the site?

The storeroom provides documents for the sale offering and the individual loan pools. The documents that can be found in the storeroom are the: Invitation to Bid, Bid Instructions, Purchaser Eligibility Certification, Loan Sale Agreement, Loan Spreadsheets and…… [Read More]

Loan Scenario Norwest Bank Had Been Lending

Loan Scenario

Norwest Bank had been lending money to Tresch to run a dairy farm. The balance due the bank after several years was $147.000; the loan agreement stated that Tresch would not buy any new equipment in excess of $500 without the express consent of the bank. Some time later, Tresch applied to the bank for a loan of $3,100 to purchase some equipment. The bank refused to make the loan because it did not believe the new equipment would correct the condition for which it would be bought and would not result in significant additional income. Tresch then sued the bank, claiming that its refusal to make the loan was a breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Decide.

Although, in this case the lender is accused of acting in bad faith against the bank that gave him the loan, really it seems as…… [Read More]

Loan Report the Annual Payment

92. The total loan service cost will therefore be $4,382.92.

It should be noted that the interest portion of each payment is tax deductible. The interest for the first year is going to be $2,100. The interest for the second year will be $1,489.46. The interest for the third year will be $793.45. The interest declines each year as the remaining principle on the loan declines. Thus, the interest for the first year is on the entire amount of $15,000. After the first year, the remaining principle will be $10,693.03. The interest for the second year will therefore be calculated based on that figure, not the original $15,000.

The same holds true for the third year. The remaining principle after two years will be $5,667.52. The interest for the final year will be calculated on that amount only. As a result, the interest for each year will decline. The overall…… [Read More]

Correlation Between Liquidity and Loan Quality and Its Impact on Bank Health

Liquidity and Loan Quality: the Impact it is having on Bank Health

Since the 1980's, there has been an emphasis on deregulation within the banking industry. Part of the reason for this, is because of shifts in the economy (thanks in part to globalization) as the markets and products have changed. This has forced many different governments around the world to reduce regulations to include: liquidity and loan quality standards. As a result, the underlying risks at many financial institutions have increased exponentially. In this research project, we will show how these reduced standards have contributed directly to: the financial crisis and stagnant economy. Once this takes place, it will provide the greatest insights as to how these two factors will determine the strengths of different of financial institutions. At which point, we can present specific ideas about how to effectively address these challenges in the future.

Introduction

: Background…… [Read More]

Proposed Solution to the Student Loan Related Economic Problem

Student Loans Dangerous to the Economy?

In Sharon Epperson's interview with Sarah Bloom Raskin, it becomes clear that not only are student loans dangerous to the economy, but also that the solution to the student-loan debt crises might have a significant impact on the financial future of multiple generations of Americans. The interview also makes it clear that Bloom Raskin's approach to loan debt does not appear to involve making education more affordable for students, but rather on educating people about interest rates and the ramifications of taking on certain levels of debt (Epperson, 2014). However, that solution ignores the fact that education cannot work as a stepping ladder to success if financial barriers continue to outline who has access to the best educational opportunities and all of the networking opportunities that come with those schools. The fact that there may be equivalent educational opportunities in lower-cost schools ignores the…… [Read More]

Home Loans for Low Income People

Low Income Home Loans as Public Policy

Since World War II, the United States government has developed public policies that aim to increase opportunities for home ownership through direct housing grants, loan guarantees, and targeted tax breaks (Dye, 2001). For many low-income families, these policies enabled them to purchase a home.

Many of these policies were focused on providing assistance to low-income people. The Housing Act of 1959 expanded the Federal Housing Association's (FHA) aggregate loan-granting authority and raised the limits on individual mortgages (Dye, 2001). The FHA now had the power to assume defaulted mortgages on family homes to prevent foreclosure. Congress extended FHA coverage to new or rehabilitated buildings in which low-income, elderly residents occupied half the units. Low-interest loans and community renewal programs also rose in priority. Congress created the cabinet-level Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in 1965.

The Housing and Urban Development Act of…… [Read More]

Refinancing a Car Loan IT's

Borrowers who focus on the size of their monthly payment may end up paying more in overall interest, and if a buyer can afford to pay a larger monthly payment, by making small monthly sacrifices that can be budgeted with the help of a financial advisor, he or she may emerge the winner from the refinancing bidding wars.

One way to convince a client is to remind the client that a car, unlike a home, depreciates quickly. Homes can increase in value, and often do, but cars, with wear and tear, and the advances in technology usually do not -- something a financial advisor must also remind someone aching to buy a fancy but impractical vehicle, or balking at a good refinancing deal. The buyer must be aware that he or she may owe more than the car is even worth, over time, and ask if it is worth paying…… [Read More]

Crime Flinn Operated a Loan Brokering Business

Crime

Flinn operated a loan brokering business without a license. Flinn was prosecuted for violating the statute required that persons engaged in the business of brokering loans obtain a license from the state. Flinn's defense was that he was unaware of the statute and therefore lacked criminal intent. Where criminal intent is not a specific element of the crime, a party's intent is irrelevant to a determination of guilt or innocence. Furthermore, ignorance of the law is not a defense. Because criminal intent is not a necessary element in the charge of violating a licensing statute, Flinn's defense that he lacked criminal intent will be unsuccessful.

Jennings, a courier, used money that belonged to his clients to make investments, but always delivered the money to his clients on time. Jennings kept the profits from the investments and was prosecuted for embezzlement. Embezzlement involves the fraudulent conversion of property that is…… [Read More]

Art Currently on Loan From the Frick

Art

Currently on loan from the Frick Collection in New York, Hans Memling's "Portrait of a Man" is unique among paintings in the Norton Simon Museum, which does not otherwise boast a collection heavy in Flemish art. The Memling portrait is executed in oil on oak panels, and completed in the mid-1470s. It is relatively small in scale, at just over a foot high and nine inches wide.

The museum's description of the piece and the artist indicates that Memling was actually born in Seligenstadt, Germany and later moved to Bruges in 1465. Memling was trained as an artist in Brussels, alongside Rogier van der Weyden. Memling enjoyed a high degree of career success as a painter in Bruges. The "Portrait of a Man" in particular "testifies to the artist's popularity and renown during his lifetime," ("Memling's 'Portrait of a Man' on loan from The Frick Collection"). The portrait depicts…… [Read More]

Bank Loans & Leasing vs Buying Most

Bank Loans, & Leasing vs. Buying

Most companies acquire their inventory on credit which results into accounts payable and sell their products on credit which results into accounts receivables where in both cases there is no involvement of cash. Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) therefore is a matrix that determines the length of time in days taken by a company to sell its inventory, and the duration of time taken to collect receivables and the duration of time taken by a company to pay its bills.

Cash Conversion Cycle is calculated as the Average Inventory Collection Period + Average Receivables Processing Period -- Average Payables Period. For instance if company 'X' has an average Inventory Collection Period of 85 days, an Average Receivables Processing Period of 55 days and an Average Payables period of 70 days then CCC will be (85+55-70)days which will be 70 days.

The length of time a…… [Read More]

Bank Loan to Shipping Corporation

2.0.2 Interest on loan

Before any loan is granted, the borrower must clarify the position as to the payment of interest on the loan draw-downs during construction. The mode of payment of this interest may vary and may be payable every six months from the date of the first drawdown with a final payment in respect of the pre-delivery draw-downs on the day of delivery, this is the standard pattern for years. It is a usual tendency to allow the 'roll up' of the interest and added to the total loan outstanding when the vessel is delivered, this leads to a substantial reduction on the cash sums that the owner has to pay prior to the vessel entering service. As an alternative to the owner drawing down the favorable loan to help make his payments during construction, in some countries the yard itself arranges to borrow the equivalent funds and…… [Read More]

Persuasive Policy Speech for Student Loan Borrowing Limits for Government Loans Should Be Increase

Federal Student Tuition Loan Limits

Current federal student loan limits make it difficult for many students to pursue the educational program of their choice. Therefore, student loan limits must be raised.

Despite financial aid and federal loans, a college education remains beyond the reach of many Americans.

Illustration of problem - Many colleges fix their loans at levels very low levels, without taking into account the effects of inflation.

Individual level - Many students, particularly those from out of state, cannot afford college even in public and state colleges.

Society level - Many students drop out of programs such as education, in order to go into more "highly paying" majors such as business.

Pointing - By decreasing the number of younger people who go to college or into field such as social work and education, society loses valuable human resources.

Satisfaction - Federal student loan limits must be increased.

Action…… [Read More]

Increasing One's Chances of Obtaining a Bank Loan Business Financing

Business Financing: Increasing One's Chances of Obtaining a Bank Loan

Applying for a loan in a bank or any financial institution with lending capabilities can be frustrating, especially if the applicant does not know exactly what they are supposed to do to win the loan officer's confidence. Banks have an obligation to protect the funds and assets that clients have entrusted to them; as such, they often are very conservative. At the same time, they also are in business, out to make profit by recouping the principal of loans that they extend to borrowers, obtaining a profitable rate of return on the same, and ensuring that borrowers prosper and increase their deposits with them. In the final analysis, this only shows that it is the borrower's responsibility, therefore, to develop and maintain positive relations with the bank, and provide sufficient reason for the bank to feel safe entrusting their capital…… [Read More]

Mortgage Lending Mortgage Loans the

The 30-year provides simplicity and a sense of security for the buyer which an ARM with its potential for rate changes may not. For now the 30-year is here to stay as "Fannie, Freddie and other federal programs now support roughly 90% of new mortgage loans because lenders cannot raise money for mortgages that do not carry government guarantees" (Appelbaum, B. March 4, 2011. P.1). If the government does exit from its participation in the mortgage market the 30-year product may disappear altogether, and some say that would not be a bad idea. "One of the reasons that American housing finance is in such bad shape right now is the 30-year mortgage," he said, noting that such loans are not available in most countries. "For many people, it's not at all clear that that's the best product (Appelbaum, B. March 4, 2011.P.1).

Whether the 30-year becomes a relic of the…… [Read More]

Business Loan the Short-Term Assets

However, equity in the company cannot be used as collateral because its value fluctuates. The banker would have to consider that if the company is insolvent enough to require the bank's acquisition of collateral, retained earnings would not likely have any value remaining.

3) the current ratio is calculated as the current assets/current liabilities. The current assets are as follows:

Cash 15,000

Accounts Receivable 5,000

Total Current Assets 20,000

The current liabilities are as follows:

Accounts Payable 2,500

Customer Deposits 3,000

So therefore, the current ratio is as follows:

5500 = 4.18

This is a great current ratio. The ratio is a measure of a firm's liquidity, its ability to meet its pending debts. This company has a limited debt load, consisting of accounts payable and customer deposits. The current assets include accounts receivable and cash. With $15,000 in cash, this firm is very liquid at present.

4) the current…… [Read More]

Credit Approval a Loan Officer's

The customer also wishes to borrow 90% of the purchase price of the new vehicle. In looking at the full picture the loan officer recognizes that the customer's late payments were the result not of choice but of extenuating circumstance. In explaining the turndown of the loan application the officer cites the collateral issue as well as the late payments as reasons for not extending the loan. He points out to the customer though that in six months with no late payments on outstanding debt, and a larger down payment (capital) that the loan could be made. The moral risk of default is low and the loan officer recognizes this fact.

The obverse scenario is the customer looking to borrow $40,000 on a new Cadillac Escalade. The credit report indicates a similar 615 score however, there are considerable differences to the application. Borrower B. is ready to put 30% down…… [Read More]

University Federal Savings and Loan

" Personal happiness has since become a primary ideal of Western political thought with the idea that the government is there to secure people's freedom and their ability to find happiness. The smiley face image has since been incorporated into modern American society as a symbol of happiness, whatever that happiness may entail, and many project their ideas of happiness onto the symbol. But the symbol is so simple and universal it will continue to exist despite those who attempt to assign a definition to it. [3: Lumpkin, Libby. Deep Design: Nine Little Art Histories. (Los Angeles: Art Issues, 1999), 23.]

While many in the modern world associate artistic smiles with happiness, the article points out that this has not always been the case. In the past, smiles have been associated with many other things like the fulfillment of desire or the attainment of secret knowledge. Smiles were used to…… [Read More]

Lone Star Loan Star Is

The third piece, which creates the "burden of history" to Sam, was the fact that Pilar was his half-sister, and that his relationship with her should not be continued. Finally, the last piece of mystery was the assumption, or truth, that it was Buddy who did the crime against Charley.

In the early part of the story, it was thought that the differences in race between Sam and Pilar was the reason why his father was disapproving of their relationship. Ironically, it was the "burden of history," so to speak. Also, the assumptions that Buddy killed Charley became a burden to Sam because it somehow haunted him that soon led him to search for the truth.

Tomas Sandoval also suggested in another way how history can create a burden depending on how the people create things out of what happened in the past. In the end of the film, it…… [Read More]

Loan Risk Management

Portfolio Risk Management

In today's competitive banking environment, an important challenge is to ensure adequate diversification of revenue sources across products, market segments and market and credit risks (Sturzinger). Banks must assess their risk appetite and risk capacity as basic components of the budgeting and planning processes and identify their vulnerabilities through risk management techniques.

Risk is defined as uncertainty of returns from a portfolio (Credit-stress testing, 2002). The volatility of a portfolio's returns indicates the level risk and is influenced by many risk factors. Therefore, one of the risk manager's primary goals is to measure the influence of each risk factor on the volatility of portfolio returns and to manage the composition of the portfolio so that the volatility of its returns is reduced. The risk manager also has to measure the influence of the risk factors on each other. Determining the effects of multiple risk factors and quantifying…… [Read More]

Loans Logins and Lasting the

There was little difference in terms of library use and retention between SES groups, although, "overall, the differences in library use between the SES groups were not statistically significant over the semester; however, PC logins at 1 April were significantly higher for students from low SES backgrounds than their colleagues from medium and high SES backgrounds" (Haddow & Joseph 2010: 240-241).

The study design and approach seems flawed from the beginning, given its emphasis on using the physical location of the library, which the authors admit is relatively outdated, given the number of students who access the library virtually, either at workstations or remotely, versus the relative paucity that use its physical resources. Even giving undue emphasis to the use of workstations as proof of student engagement with the library seems questionable and unwise, since less affluent students will invariably have a greater need to use the physical location of…… [Read More]

Loans Envisioned Research Methodology Association Loans Association

Loans Envisioned Research Methodology

Association Loans: Association Loans Envisioned Research Methodology

Association Loans: Envisioned Research Methodology

Envisioned research Methodology and Design

Methodologies Considered

Quantitative Methods

Correlation

Experimental Study

Qualitative Methods

Descriptive Research Methods

Interviewing

Focus Group

Mixed Method

Research Designs Considered

Convergent Design

Explanatory Sequential Design

Exploratory Sequential Design

The Embedded Design

Research Validity and Reliability

Strengths and weaknesses

Method of Data Collection

Primary Data Collection

Secondary Data Collection

Justifying Choice and Alternative methods/designs

Conclusion… [Read More]

Subprime Loans Are Said to Be Among

Subprime loans are said to be among the biggest reasons for the most recent financial crisis which hit the world economy at the end of year 2008. Had the lenders considered the level of income and repaying abilities of the borrowers before lending them money, the World's financial sector would not have seen such critical circumstances. The consequences of subprime loans have not ended yet; economists and researchers in the field of International Finance are of the view that they may further get worsen in the coming five to ten years period. Beside the criticism regarding the approval of subprime loans to low income borrowers, the lenders have also been strongly criticized for using unethical business practices in their customer dealings and transactions (Mandal, 2010).

This paper investigates the consequences and risks that were caused by subprime loans in the World's financial sector and their impact on the lenders, borrowers,…… [Read More]

Request for Loan Forgiveness

ITT Technical Institute, Sylmar Campus, Computer and Electronics Engineering Technology (AAS), 15-MAR-04 / 05-MAR-06, Electronics and Communications Engineering Technology (BS) 13-MAR-06 / 02-DEC-07

Department of Education,

This letter will describe my experiences at ITT and why I believe I was misled by the school and the victim of fraudulence. As a result of these experiences and the facts that have come to light regarding ITT (enclosed in the Appendix), I am seeking a forgiveness on my federal loan based on current events that made me realize that what ITT did was a completely wrong to not only myself but to countless other people.

While I understand that my satisfaction of the school is not a foundation for the fraud, however, the promise that ITT gave me regarding cost, job, value and experience of my education is what is fraudulent. They created an expectation of job security and financial future that…… [Read More]

Students Should be Forgiven Their Loans at ITT

ITT Technical Institute, Sylmar Campus, Computer and Electronics Engineering Technology (AAS), 15-MAR-04 / 05-MAR-06, Electronics and Communications Engineering Technology (BS) 13-MAR-06 / 02-DEC-07

Department of Education,

This letter will describe my experiences at ITT and why I believe I was misled by the school and the victim of fraudulence. As a result of these experiences and the facts that have come to light regarding ITT (enclosed in the Appendix), I am seeking full reimbursement of my tuition at ITT.

I was enrolled in ITT Technical Institute from 2004 to December 2007 in Sylmar, CA. My hope was to learn new skills and broaden my employment opportunities. Unfortunately, I was grossly misled about what ITT could do for me. The "tour" was where it all began: my recruiter asked me what my ideal school would be -- I was candid and replied that I thought I might start at a community…… [Read More]

Tax Deductions for Default

Tax Deductions: Are Unpaid Loans Tax Deductible?

John loaned his friend Jack $1,000. Jack did not repay the debt and left town. John wants to know if he can claim any tax deduction, and, if so, what is the character of the deduction? However, to answer John's question, one must first find out more information about the nature of the loan. This is critical because there are two broad types of loans and debts: business loans and personal loans. Furthermore, under the correct circumstances, it is possible for people to take tax deductions for certain types of business loans and personal loans. Knowing whether John made Jack a loan from his personal money or from his business money is the crucial first step in determining which, if any, Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regulations or tax laws will permit John to deduct the unpaid debt.

If John is a business owner…… [Read More]

S& l the Discussion Explored the

Solutions

As a response to the savings and loans debacle, there have been several attempts by congress and other governmental agencies to assists consumers and some financial institutions alike. The most significant and some say extreme solution thus far came when the Federal government assisted JP Morgan with the purchase of Bear Stearns for $2 per share.

One of the most discussed solutions has to do with baling out the mortgage lenders and assisting borrowers. There are several different remedies that have been proposed. These remedies include everything from a moratorium on foreclosures to the freezing of interest rates.

As it pertains to the mortgage companies it has been suggested that limits should be lifted so that companies can purchase jumbo housing loans. According to one article this type of mortgage relief could help staunch the hemorrhaging in high-priced housing markets...where buyers have had difficulty getting loans and are paying…… [Read More]

Government Encouraging Small Businesses Importance of Government

Government Encouraging Small Businesses

Importance of Government Encouragement of Small Business

The socio-economic considerations of the federal procurement process

The federal procedure is made up of different social-economic factors that are of contention in establishing a free and fair-trading. The core intentions of the existence of the federal procedures are to foster stability in the fields of social and economic exemplifications. The policy statements laid by the federal procedures are directed at bringing the best out of the economic and social conditions of the people. In many avenues that cater for varied approaches of loving amicably in the country, the United States of American government established a branch of cohesion and establishment of a free trading mechanism for all the people (Feldman, 2013). The federal procedures ensure the country has existed in terms of stable and functioning social-economic platform. For instance, the stability reflects on the magnitudes of exploring profitability…… [Read More]

For-Profit Colleges

Profit Colleges

"Why do you think they are called for-profit colleges:"

The big business of (not) educating students 'You need a college degree.' This is the conventional wisdom articulated in today's society, where job prospects remain scarce, despite the softening economy. On average, "unemployment is still far lower for the college-educated than for high school graduates (10%) and those without high school diplomas (15.7%)," and the most severe effects of the recession were felt in the manufacturing and construction sectors, typically the areas of the economy which offer the brightest prospects to non-college degree holders (Davidson 2010). Worries about one's viability in the job market have driven many workers to seek out higher education in nontraditional formats. Few adults have the ability to afford a traditional four-year school and balance the needs of home and work. Online, for-profit colleges or nighttime schools may seem the ideal solution. On the surface,…… [Read More]

Bsba Integrative Project Learning Growth Internal Business

Bsba Integrative Project

Learning Growth

Internal Business Processes

Customer Service

Financial

Employee training hours, employee satisfaction,

New loans created, new accounts, new products introduced, cross sells, and referrals.

Number of products per customer, number of new customers, customer satisfaction, customer retention, sales calls to customers, and thank you calls to existing customers.

Outstanding Loan Balances, Deposit Balances, Noninterest income,

Financial

Performance Measures

Internal Business Process

Objectives and Performance Measures

Customer Objectives

and Performance

Measures

VISION & STRATEGY

Learning & Growth

Objectives and Performance Measures

The causal chain indicates that objectives of the company in relation to the balanced scorecard depend significantly on the vision and strategies of the business entity. The objectives and measures in relation to the consumers of the company play a critical role in achievement of the three main financial goals: loan balances, deposit balances, and noninterest income. The company should focus on improving services to their…… [Read More]

Mcbride Security Policy Security Policies and Recommendations

McBride Security Policy

Security Policies and Recommendations for McBride Financial Services

McBride Financial Services has experienced increased consumer interest in its innovative and economical loan offerings and terms. With rising competition in the market, McBride is now aggressively working to boost market share through a renewed focus on customer service and simple and speedy loan processing (Fluss, 2009). While many automated processes in the financial sector can be convenient for customers, they can also present unique and significant security risks for companies (Compton, 2004). The following policies are aimed at covering certain critical security areas for the loan department at McBride Financial Services.

General Information Security

Sensitive information can be defined as a customer's full name, address, phone number, credit information, social security number, date of birth, mother's maiden name, employment and salary information, username/passwords combinations, or PIN ids (Bilich, 2000). All such information should be stored securely in order…… [Read More]

Accounting Tootsie Ratio Analysis in

46. So far the firm looks to be a good potential candidate for a loan.

3.

Solvency

The current and quick ratio looks at the short-term ability of a firm to meet its obligations. A lender will also want to look at the longer term position and the ability to repay the entire debt plus interest and fees (Libby et al., 2010). The solvency ratio assesses the level of cash generated in a year as a percentage of the debt. The cash generated is calculated by taking the net profit after tax and adding back the depreciation. The total liabilities are calculated by adding together the current and the long-term (non current) liabilities.

Table 3; Solvency ratio for Tootise Roll Industries Inc.

2006

2007

Net profit after tax (a)

65,919

51,625

Depreciation (b)

15,816

15,859

Adjusted net profit (a + b) (c )

81,735

67,484

Current liabilities (d)

62,211

57,972…… [Read More]

Finance There Are a Number

I would advise that Mr. Haskins has to understand that the banks are businesses, and make strategic investments when they think those businesses will pay off. This means that AMD needs to ensure that the banks are happy, in order to secure financing. That means giving the banks what they need to feel secure in this investment. Receivables are not adequate collateral, for a lot of reasons, and ancient receivables are especially worthless. Likewise, giant stockpiles of inventory are not good collateral for a bank. Mr. Haskins has to understand that banks are not interested in these things as collateral, but if he gives the banks what they want he can have loans on the strength of his business.

Mr. Haskins must realize that banks are partners, but they need something out of the deal as well, and do not operate on blind faith. As such, Mr. Haskins needs to…… [Read More]

Mortgage Industry Impacts on New

Interest rates will be lowered reaching 3.4% in 2011 and borrowers won't have to begin repayments until they are making about $15,000." (Education Portal, 2007) Furthermore, the effectiveness of this bill is questioned because after 2011 interest rates will quickly climb on these loans again.

The work entitled; "Student Loan Lenders Creating a New Credit Bubble" states of investors, that they are: "...clamoring to purchase bundled student loans. According to Moody's Economy.com, the market for private student loan-backed securities has seen an increase of 76% in the last year alone. The same thing happened in the sub-prime mortgage market during 2005 and 2006. There has since been a 'meltdown' in the industry. A total of 161 mortgage lenders have imploded since late 2006 (source: Mortgage Lender Implode-O-Meter), and more than 2 million mortgage borrowers are expected to default on their mortgage loans before the end of 2008." (Education Portal, 2007)…… [Read More]

Financial Risk Management Even at

Hence, the likelihood of having to repurchase a large amount of repurchases would result. This was increasingly risky as the company spiralled into much lower reserves than it would admit publicly. The increasing risks were recognized by New Century employees. Despite efforts by these employees to suggest changes, the response by Senior Management was generally to reject or ignore these suggestions.

Senior Management was therefore fully aware of the increase of early payment defaults on loans as early as mid-2004. Although rising interest rates exacerbated the risks inherent in the type of products offered by New Century, these were ignored by Senior Management, who continued to capitalize on investor demand without any regard for the probability of repurchase requirements. The inevitable, however, occurred, and New Century faltered under the pressure.

Additionally, Senior Management also failed to provide inadequate attention to the issue of investor "kickouts." Relatively elementary loan rejections such…… [Read More]

Business Requirements Analysis for Long

Where pricing integration typically fails however are in the handling of exceptions. Columbus (2003) makes the point that the use of automated approaches to managing special pricing requests can be one of the highest ROI activities of any company. The focus for LOM then is in turning the one-off loan request specifically including a differing rate or structure into a competitive advantage by quickly being able to fulfill it. The use of automated special pricing requests applications and techniques as defined by Columbus (2003) are strong competitive tools that could be used as part of FlashQuote and BFOT overall.

FlashQuote Use Case Analysis

Identifier: FlashQuote Use Case Analysis

Name: BFOT System component that includes quoting, pricing, loan interest rates and the ability to electronically upload the loan, once approved, to the LOS.

Purpose: To more accurately and completely capture the quotes given to prospects over the telephone, the Web, and…… [Read More]

Law of International Banking

Regulation of Banks

Banks are an important aspect of any modern economy. They provide financing for commercial businesses, access to payment systems and a variety of financial services for the economy as a whole. The integral role that banks play in the national economy is demonstrated by the need for and practice of banking regulation and as part of the lessons learnt from the recent global financial crisis, provides a government safety net to compensate depositors when banks fail thus providing depositor protection.[footnoteRef:1] One of the main reasons why banking regulation is vital is because of systemic risks; the risk that financial difficulties at one or more banks spill over to a large number of other banks or the financial system as a whole. Systemic risks were traditionally bank -- based. Bank regulators traditionally focused on systemic risk in the banking sector while securities regulators traditionally focused on investor protection…… [Read More]

Business Process and System Management

Business Process and System Management

Vincent

Home loan in the United States is now done in a very simple manner and some organizations now even have stated on the Internet that most of the paperwork can be done on the Internet.

The importance of paperwork is gradually giving way to communication via the Internet, and any organization which keeps on doing business in the classical way is bound to come to grief later.

First national Bank of St. Louis was seen in the Internet, but that bank did not seem to have the archaic system that has been described here. The housing loans in United States are of two types. The first type is the mortgage loan that is used for the original part of buying the house. The second loan is for the repayment of loans concerned with housing or for any other purpose. This is subsidized by the…… [Read More]

College Tuition Cost

College?)

It's become a widely recognized fact. College is expensive, and saddles students with lifelong debts. Moreover, observation shows that people learn very little in college and that knowledge and talent in a field may be unrelated to the degrees that one has. There's a simple solution to this problem: the youth of this nation should refuse to go to colleges where they will be saddled with debt and useless information. Of course, many people would complain that without going to college, one is not qualified for jobs in the real world. It is true that many jobs will not hire people who go to school, but this does not make the unschooled less qualified. If everyone refused to go to school, then corporations would simply have to accept new standards for hiring, such as talent. It is my argument that college is not worth the price and people should…… [Read More]

Damages Is Whether or Not There Is

damages is whether or not there is a contract that has been breached. Under Texas law, a plaintiff must be establish four elements in order to prevail on a breach of contract clam. The four elements are: 1) the existence of a valid contract; 2) performance or tendered performance by the plaintiff; 3) breach of the contract by the defendant; and 4) damages sustained by the plaintiff as a result of the breach (Valero Mkfg. & Supply Co. v. Kalama Int'l. LLC).

The best evidence available for the plaintiff in establishing a possible breach of contract action is the loan commitment letter issued on March 31, 2005. The letter in question sets forth all the terms and conditions but, unfortunately, it also included a new term of which the plaintiffs were not aware. Additionally, the bank's employee, Max Brandt, assured the plaintiffs that compliance with the new term was not…… [Read More]

Predatory Lending and the Subprime

And we must take into consideration what would happen if, somewhere down the line, we encountered the very real possibility of changed financial circumstances.

The financial knots we're tying ourselves into now, as we scramble to purchase homes and wind up owning less of them, can have serious long-term ramifications. Because today's overall tighter finances often necessitate putting off major purchases, many adults don't buy their first home until they're well into their thirties or even forties.

As a result, those thirty-year mortgage payments follow us right into retirement, hanging around even as rising health care and tuition expenses for college-aged children begin to spike. As a result, we discover too late that the asset we gambled everything to acquire because it was going to see us through retirement is instead pushing that retirement further and further away. Already, an increasing number of seniors are borrowing against their homes, accumulating…… [Read More]

Student Aid Programs Student Finance Aid Can

student aid programs.

Student finance aid can be described as funds given to the student to make it easy for them to fix cost of education such as fee and tuition, room and board, supplies and books where the students are undertaking their education like in universities, colleges or private schools.The funds which is being given out to public educations by government in general is known as financial aid meaning that it is being given to particular students, Financial aid can also be referred to as scholarship, although scholarship has some other components like students loans and grants.Loans are finance that one lend and must be paid back with an intrest after a period of time.In the case of student loan the money will be taken back after graduating.Aid is the help one is given.

All the U.S. states governments and The United States government offer loans, grants and work…… [Read More]

Credit Risk Management Oklahoma State

Other than the branch expansion there has been no significant change in their financial structuring. The future does not hold much along these lines as shown in the future projections. Other than conservatively adding lease financing as an option their growth is limited. Past figures from Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC).

However with the possible income gain from selling either their branch of a line of loans they may be able to further expand their existing loan base into larger corporate agribusiness financing. Out of any pool of assets a bank has the option of lending or investing the money. Lending does has a number of advantages both economically a socially: The act of lending usually increases the economic strength of the community, promoting the growth of the community and the bank. Lending also typically creates more deposits at the originating institution because the borrower usually receives an account…… [Read More]

Skills and Knowledge Area

Skills and Knowledge Area

The ability to research and interpret and then apply various local and federal and State laws as well as ordinances related to Community Programs is an extremely important and demanding skill. One example of the demonstration of this ability is that explained by Thomas R. Suozzi, the County Executive of Nassau, and Lorna B. Goodman, County Attorney of Nassau County, in their Annual Report on their County presented in December 2004. Herein, it is stated that with the support of the people of the county, they have managed to indeed accomplish a great many things, and they then proceed to list out the various activities and accomplishments. The first one is, according to the Report that of managing to bring 'in-house' the remaining part of the more than $10 million of specified legal work that had actually been given to the private bar earlier. The reason…… [Read More]

Subprime Mortgage Market Was an

The term "adjustable-rate mortgage" describes any mortgage with an interest rate and payments that adjust according to some formula agreed upon by the borrower and lender. ARMs have been generally available to borrowers for about three decades on prime mortgages, but variants have been common to subprime mortgages over the past 10 years. The traditional ARM linked the mortgage's interest rate to the LIBOR plus several percentage points." (Utt,2008)

Alt -- a Mortgages. Sometimes referred to as a "low-doc" mortgage, an Alt -- a mortgage is structured like the other mortgages described in this section but is made available only to prime borrowers or those with FICO scores above 660. However, these prime borrowers were required to offer only limited documentation on their qualifications, so many may not have been as "prime" as they represented themselves to be, as subsequent default rates indicate." (Utt, 2008)

Extremely Low- or No-Down-Payment Mortgages.…… [Read More]

Defaults Who Goes Into Foreclosure

Predictably, adjustable rate mortgages had a higher rate of default than non-adjustable rate mortgages, given the increase in interest rates in the years before the crisis, after many borrowers took out loans during an era of unusually low, near-zero rates. But another puzzling finding was that loans below $100, 000 and loan amounts in the $250,000 to half-million range had higher interest rates than loans of a half-million and above, once again suggesting that while middle-income individuals who might otherwise appear to be 'good' risks had been targeted for loans that were not advantageous to them.

"The finding that blacks and Latinos tended to borrow more helps explain why they received a disproportionately high share of high-cost loans, but the larger amounts borrowed by Asians contradicts the hypothesis that loan amount explains the rate spread differentials the best predictor that a borrower would default is the amount borrowed" as Asians…… [Read More]

Microcredit Interest Rates High Interest

Reducing operational costs is thus a key element in making microcredit less usurious. Extending larger loans to a group of individuals, so the cost of the loan is dispersed to a community, rather than used to burden a single individual is another potential solution.

The charges of usury are also rooted in the highly variable rates of interest around the world of microfinance, which can create the perception of injustice. Furthermore, some loan rates are shocking, especially for loans extended by supposedly charitable institutions and programs: "in 2007, for example, a controversy erupted around Compartamos, a Mexican MFI that was earning a 55% return on shareholders' equity by charging its borrowers interest rates around 85%" (Are microcredit interest rates excessive, 2009, CGAP). On average, the median interest rate for profitable microfinance institutions (MFI)s was about 26% in 2006. While this is around the interest rate of some credit cards in…… [Read More]

Federal Government's Impact on the Rise of

Federal Government's Impact on the Rise of Student Loans

On the surface, student loans seem like such a beneficial and risk-free government program that there appears to be no reason to object to them. After all, the purpose of federally subsidized student loans is to give students who might not otherwise have a chance to get a post- high school education the chance to get that education. College degrees, vocational certificates, and graduate degrees all expand a person's earning potential, and, theoretically increase the likelihood that the person will elevate, not only his or her own financial status, but also the status of his immediate family. Therefore, the federal government subsidizing student loans seems like an efficient and responsible use of government money. However, further investigation suggests that student loans may simply be a way of shifting a tax burden into groups that are basically tax-immune. Therefore, the appropriate policy…… [Read More]

Public Policy Institute of California

Discuss the asymmetric informational problem that arises in the case of hourly loan officers issuing loans. Propose at least two proposals to minimize these concerns.

One of the primary reasons that so many home loans were issued in recent years to individuals who were not sufficiently creditworthy to be able to make timely payments on those loans is that there was an ongoing condition of asymmetric information. The individuals seeking the loans had much more information than the loan officers; in many cases they knew that they could not reasonably meet the conditions of the loan.

The hourly loan officers in many cases could probably have been able to determine that the individual was unlikely to be able to service the loan. However, these hourly loan officers were being rewarded for making loans and they had no real personal investment in whether or not the loan conditions were honored. They…… [Read More]

Consumer Credit in the American

Closing the loan is also known as firm commitment, and involves the completion of all key paperwork within a designated time. A closing date is set, and the closing costs are established. When the client pays the costs and completes the paperwork, the loan is closed.

The next step is to service the loan. Servicing refers to the management of the payments. The loan creates an obligation on the part of the borrower to make payments as specified in the agreement. The role of the bank is to ensure that those payments are received. Servicing may be contracted out to a secondary party. In the U.S. that might be Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, who provide a secondary market for mortgages. In a servicing arrangement, the bank would collect the payments and remit most of this money to the secondary market investor. The bank would keep a portion of the…… [Read More]

Small Business - Banking Start-Up

Video Tape and Disc Rental

Rentals

Catalog/Mail Order

Retailing

Health and Personal Care Stores

Retailing

Table 2: Comparisons of Most Risky Small Business (BizStats.com, cited by Telberg, 2003)

An Engine of Economic Growth

More and more, Craig, Jackson and Thomson (2007) argue, policymakers perceive the small business sector "as a potential engine of economic growth. Policies to promote small businesses include tax relief, direct subsidies, and indirect subsidies through government lending programs." These authors stress that encouraging lending to small business purports the Small Business Administration's (SBA's) primary policy objective of the loan-guarantee program. In their study, Craig, Jackson and Thomson (2007) implement empirical research to focus on SBA-guaranteed lending, utilizing a panel data set of SBA-guaranteed loans, they assess whether SBA-guaranteed lending discernibly impacts local economic performance. Ultimately, these authors cautiously conclude that "There is a positive (although small) and significant relationship between the level of SBA-guaranteed lending in…… [Read More]

Securities and International Financial Management

There are also non-qualitative, or financial risks, associated with foreign currency loans. Namely, because foreign currencies can be effected by such uncontrollable as political, governmental and natural factors, a foreign currency can suddenly change in a manner that either significantly benefits or disadvantages the borrower. For example, often time the rate of a foreign currency is based on such things as internal, regional or international political conditions. If a particular country has a significant political upheaval, the instability associated with such an event can have a negative impact on a nation's economy, which of course effects the foreign currency exchange rate and, thus, the borrowers investment. When such an event happens to a nation with a dominant currency, this change can have devastating effects on a loan, as was the case following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States.

Another means to reduce risk is to use…… [Read More]

Business Ethics Case Study --

Michael has no moral "right" to undermine their loan evaluation process even if he genuinely believes that the lender will not be harmed by the deception. After all, beliefs are always subjective and people in Michael's position can be very sure about what they genuinely believe but still be wrong.

One need look no further than the U.S. housing market in 2007 to see what can happen when peoples' beliefs about the value of property and about the ability of borrowers to pay back loans are wrong. Therefore, Michael is acting unethically to misrepresent information to the lender that the lender intends to use to determine whether or not the loan to Kokomo is safe enough to issue. Michael probably believes (honestly) that the lender simply does not understand enough about Kokomo's business processes and competitive situation to make the "right" decision. He probably feels morally justified in lying for…… [Read More]

Hardship Letter Any Business Relationship

4. I did not obtain my current mortgage under any materially false pretenses.

As part of the Hope for Homeowners program, I would be able to attain a new affordable mortgage based on a current appraisal value. I would retain 10% equity in the property, and would be sharing the equity and future appreciation with the Federal government, which would prohibit me from taking out any additional loans against the property except for direct repairs and/or maintenance. There are also up front insurance premiums for this type of loan, which I am aware of.

If you would please consider one of these two options, I believe we can come up with a mutually satisfying solution to help avoid foreclosure on my home. I am writing this hardship letter to plead with your company to review my loan information, take into account my current financial situation, my excellent payment history prior…… [Read More]

Marketing Plan Mcbride Financial Services

Focusing on advertising through local businesses and word-of-mouth to consumers might be difficult. Instead, regional and state-wide television, radio, and print media to alert consumers about the virtual financial company might be a way to motivate individuals to use Google to search the web to find out about the company. Establishing contacts with local realtors who might wish to advertise McBride or to advise clients of its low-cost services is another option. Even talking to business columnists of regional newspapers might help spread the world about the company in an informative setting. It would certainly add to the company' image of legitimacy, as well as allay fears about doing business online.

Advertising through Google seems like a possible option as is advertising on general information real estate websites that contain information specific to the region. Linking to area sites where homes are being sold, to the federal government's FHA and…… [Read More]

Unfairness This Is a Short Review of

Unfairness

This is a short review of literature that discusses the subprime mortgage crisis which many believe had a significant impact on the financial crisis that began in 2008. The discussion will range from how the crisis started and what the banks knew might happen because of faulty legislation and greedy lenders prior to the crash, to how the crash has impacted families and how some entities have tried to mitigate it with little success.

The financial crisis that began in earnest in 2008 followed many decisions which, in retrospect, were not wise. Legislation can be traced back to the 1960s that began allowing lending companies (banks) and hedge funds to buy large numbers of mortgages and leverage them as if they were real assets (Block-Lieb & Janger, 2011). Other laws followed such as the Community Reinvestment Act first passed in 1977 and amended with much stronger language in 1995…… [Read More]

Sba the Small Business Association

Of course, the FEMA application process itself was also problematic. The SBA created secure Internet-based application templates for aid to expedite the loan request process. Stress testing and plans for maximum user capacity levels was instituted within the system (SBA, 2006, GMO).

User applications were thus better 'triaged' based upon likelihood of approval, and where the loan should be directed. Risk modeling was introduced, to help cope with future emergencies. The prediction of damage from a variety of types of disasters, in target locations would allow for anticipation of increased levels of demand (SBA, 2006, GMO). Unfortunately, improvement of the system was undertaken only after the backlog had been created. Unmet demand can create more demand, as businesses without critical resources can fall into more debt and see more damage being done to their businesses, as a result of the aftereffects of the disaster.

While the SBA blamed its faulty…… [Read More]

Business Ethics Recognizing and Resolving

The Bank CEO's Role in Defining Ethical Integrity

Based on a thorough review of existing literature of the role of ethics in the banking industry, the role of the CEO as the ethical leader of their organization is next discussion. Based on the concepts presented in the paper to this point as the foundation, these key points provide insights into how CEOs and senior management actively shape the ethical standards of the organizations they manage on behalf of shareholders.

Risk Management Is a CEOs' Ethical Responsibility combination of forces -- changing regulatory expectations that open companies up to intense levels of examination, heightened stakeholder sensitivity to and scrutiny of corporate behavior, and the severity of punishment by financial markets for corporate missteps -- push reputation and ethics management onto the CEOs' and senior managements' agenda. The paradox CEOs face is when to risk the reputation and brand of the company…… [Read More]

Tillman Unconscionability What Is Contractual

Response 1: Robyn Finster

You make a good point about asymmetry of information. There was no third party made available to draw up this contract to make it equitable, or explain its terms. The Commercial Credit Loan drafted the agreement. There was no opportunity for the borrower to allow a lawyer or other individual to examine the terms of the agreement, given the pressure Commercial Credit exerted upon the borrower for an immediate signature.

Response 2: Elizabeth Laage

Your personal story indicates how even when consumers seek out information, frequently the language used is so confusing it sounds contradictory. Part of the notion of contractual unconscionability, I believe, should include consideration of language that is deliberately misleading to one of the parties. Consumers often are confused and agree to lopsided legal contracts, based upon biased information they hear, or because of the way the agreement is phrased.

Response 3: Derek…… [Read More]

Housing Market Economic Analysis to

Even Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should be made totally independent from the government. This should be followed up by other methods to increase the individual ownership of housing and at the same time reduce the costs of owning a house. Even if the housing sector cannot be made totally private, it is important that the government make statements saying that it has no intentions of supporting Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac any further, and at the same time, try to improve the operations of these two companies. This can be achieved by limiting the amount of debt that these regulatory deposit organizations can hold and also focusing clearly with the two institutions on the sections of the housing market where their activities would provide the best social benefits. (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Housing Finance: Why True Privatization Is Good Public Policy)

The weakness comes from the feeling that…… [Read More]

Interest Paid at the Beginning of a

interest paid at the beginning of a loan period than at the end of the loan period?

Whether an equal total payment plan is adopted or an equal principle plan, in both cases the interest paid at the beginning of a loan repayment period is more than at the end. This is because the interest is calculated on the amount that is loaned. When the first payment is made then a specific principle amount that the borrower has paid for is deducted from the total loan given. Thus the total amount loaned reduces and hence the interest on the new amount is lesser for the second payment.

Using an example of an equal principle plan, if a borrower borrows $10,000 for a repayment plan of 10 years at the rate of 10% per annum, the premium will be divided equally in 10 parts. Which means that each year $1,000 will…… [Read More]

Credit Application Analysis

Credit Analysis Smehra

Credit Analysis for Neal Harris

Neal Harris recently submitted his credit application for our consideration. Mr. Harris is 45 years old, married and has 2 children. He currently works at Franklin Industries where he has been employed as office manager for 2 years. Prior to that, he was in sales at Providencial Insurance for 3 years. Neal has resided at his current residence in Tennessee for 1 year.

His credit application has been filed in joint with his wife, Helen Harris, 43 years old. Helen has recently returned to the workforce from being a housewife. She is also employed by Franklin Industries where she has been marketing director for 4 months. Both individuals have a checking and savings account with AmSouth. The purpose of their loan is for a 2003 Chevrolet Tahoe. Following is a review of the 5 C's of Credit for Mr. And Mrs. Harris…… [Read More]

Monitoring Microcreditors Monitoring of Micro-Creditors

"Under group liability, clients have an incentive to screen other clients so that only trustworthy individuals are allowed into the program. In addition, clients will make sure that funds are invested properly and effort exerted. Finally, enforcement is enhanced because clients face peer pressure, not just legal pressure, to repay their loans. Thus, by effectively shifting the responsibility of certain tasks from the lender to the clients, group liability claims to overcome information asymmetries typically found in credit markets, especially for households without collateral" (Gine & Karlan, 2008, p.2).Social collateral becomes a replacement for financial collateral.

Additionally, the data suggests that when individuals alone have liability there is less monitoring of one another other's loans although "this lowered monitoring does not lead to higher default" statistically (Gine & Karlan, 2008, p.2).However, lenders "with weaker social networks prior to the conversion are more likely to experience default problems after conversion to…… [Read More]

Credit Crunch on UK Residential

While it was generally agreed that the increase in prices was due mainly to an insufficient offer as the stock house was limited, opinions have also been forwarded according to which the buy-to-let purchases have contributed to the inflation of the house prices (Property Mark).

The debate concerning the reasons for the massive price increases for residential properties (materialized mostly between 1996 and 2005) is however still ongoing. On the one hand, there are the property bulls, who argue that the increase in the prices of residential builds is the result of natural processes of economic growth and development. In other words, they state that the increase in prices was the natural reaction to higher levels of employment, economic stability and lower interest rates. On the other hand however, sit the property bears, who claim that the increase in property prices is not linked to any economic processes, but is…… [Read More]

Corporate Capital Structure Decisions Are

Statement 3

Another important issue to consider in the contraction of debt is represented by the impact of this debt on the company stakeholders -- employees, business partners, the public, and most importantly, the share holders. The primary scope of the economic agent is that of creating value for its stakeholders, but excessive debt could jeopardize this desire, especially since debt is money that has to be repaid and it as such reduces the future levels of profitability.

At the level of value creation, a crucial aspect to be analyzed is represented by the source of the debt to be contracted. On the one hand, there is the contraction of debt through loans, which are characterized by the fact that control and ownership of the company remains intact, but payments have to be regularly made; the payments are nevertheless tax deductible.

On the other hand, there is the contraction of…… [Read More]

Consumer Borrowing

Consumer Borrowing -- Spending an Economy Out of a Recession

The 'answer' provided by consumer borrowing and spending during recessions and even depressions revolves around the classical, microeconomics 'answer' to what seems like an economics paradox. Namely, how does one stimulate the economy into a state of recovery, when one is faced with consumers who have less money to spend on basic goods? Consumers who may be unemployed are understandably cautions about their economic future, so how does one 'give' them money to spend and encourage producers to produce.

Neo-classical or naturalistic theories of economics have tended to stress the need for the Federal Reserve Bank to lower the interest rate. This makes it cheaper for consumers to borrow money from banks, less punitive for consumers to use their credit cards to make purchases with money they do not have at the moment, and it also gives consumers an incentive…… [Read More]

Kim and Dan the Price

But, the family must also consider that the interest rate is variable and is subject to inflation indexation in case of high market volatility and thus future monthly payments of the family may increase significantly if the risks of the lender increase. Presently the Federal Reserve discount rate is increasing constantly and there is overall tendency to growing cost of financial resources in international markets which can further push interest rates upwards and the family will have very high mortgage servicing costs.

The renting option would include $1,400 per month plus utilities of $220 and insurance of $25, thus overall monthly payments of $1,645, while mortgage servicing and utilities costs are $2,758. Presently they are purchasing a house for $280,000 and it is expected to increase in value by 3% annually, or up to $324,500 approximately by the end of the fifth year. This means that their rental payments will…… [Read More]

Calculate Touring Enterprises' Weighted Average Cost of

Calculate Touring Enterprises' weighted average cost of capital (WACC).

Work as follows: first, compute the after-tax cost of debt, then compute the cost of equity.

WACC = E/V x Re + D/V x Rd x (1 - Tc)

Re = cost of equity

Rd = cost of debt

E = market value of the firm's equity

D = market value of the firm's debt

V = E + D = firm value

E/V = percentage of financing that is equity

D/V = percentage of financing that is debt

Tc = corporate tax rate

Cost of equity 5%

Cost of debt 10%

Total Equity- 7 million

Total debt- 18 million

Total 25 million

Determine the weightings of debt and equity in the capital structure.

Equity -28% (7 divided by 25)

Debt- 72%

Using your answers to the above questions, calculate the WACC

WACC = E/V x Re + D/V x Rd…… [Read More]

Worry Bout Audience Analysis Word Count 1000-1250

worry bout audience Analysis Word Count: 1000-1250 words (This word count refers ONLY essay . It include audience analysis Works… [Read More]

AAPL Issuing Corporate Bonds to Fund Dividend Increases

Apple: Borrower Analysis

The size of the loan that Apple (AAPL) is procuring is $6.5 billion dollars in corporate bonds (Colt, 2015) with the intention of raising another $1.6 billion through the sale of Australian currency bonds in the form of seven-year notes (Purvis, 2015). The intention of the loan is to lift share holder value through the increase of dividend payments while avoiding hefty tax payments by repatriating its stockpile of cash ($145 billion to be exact) held in offshore accounts (Ehrman, 2013).

Thus, this transaction is useful to Apple because it allows the company to maintain its significant cash reserves and to boost its stock price by giving investors greater incentive to buy. Some critics might argue that the loan does nothing to really boost the company's fundamentals (in terms of development projects) but in an age where fundamentals are increasingly insignificant (which is what happens when QE…… [Read More]

Financial Analysis of Chevron From the Perspective

financial analysis of Chevron from the perspective of a potential creditor. The issue surrounds primarily the creditworthiness of Chevron rather than the type of credit that would be issued. Specifically, the issue is whether "we" would lend Chevron 10% of its net assets. The net assets for Chevron are $209.474 billion, so the amount in question is $20.9 billion in new debt. The report will first analyze the financial statements of Chevron in general terms, focusing on trends and ratios, and drawing conclusions about the overall financial health of the company based on that analysis. The second part of the paper will outline some of the criteria that a lending institution would have for lending to a company, and then that criteria will be applied to Chevron specifically.

Chevron operates in the hydrocarbon industry, where it is one of the world's largest companies with sales of $241.9 billion and net…… [Read More]

Government Policies Four Policies the

However, some people might regard my decision as unwise: after all, what 'goes up, must come down,' and interest rates will inevitably go up. I may regret not borrowing now, if I have to pay a higher rate on a car payment in the future. On the other hand, given that the low interest rates and economic stimulus have not has a seismic effect on job growth, I am still wary about spending too much, despite the fact that money in a savings account with a low interest rate is actually 'losing' value, because of the inevitability of inflation. My uncertainty about borrowing for anything other than what I absolutely need (other than student loans, which is 'spending' that does not directly result in higher levels of production in enterprise and takes me out of the full-time labor force) means that the government must find more direct ways to stimulate…… [Read More]

1980s Affecting Corporate Finance From About the

1980s Affecting Corporate Finance

From about the mid 1980s, the trend has been for companies, especially large ones, in industrialized countries to seek financing directly from financial markets rather than borrowing from commercial banks. This practice was motivated by various changes affecting corporate finance (Topsy-turvy, 1986). The main external source of corporate financing currently can be traced back to these past developments although more recent developments are also important.

Two changes traced to the mid 1980s that affected corporate finance were deregulation and internationalization. Deregulation caused increases in the cost of loans from commercial banks and in the number and types of entities offering financing (Topsy-turvy, 1986). Deregulation of interest rates permitted banks to pay higher rates for deposits, eventually increasing the price for loans. Consequently, it was cheaper for top-rated companies to obtain money by issuing commercial paper than by borrowing from banks. Deregulation also allowed more entities to…… [Read More]

Fixing the Mortgage Market Over

This is one of the biggest causes that contributed to the financial crisis. Where, the lack of ethical standards within the industry, helped to cause a number of executives from: loan officers to real estate appraisers, to engage in predatory and illegal lending tactics. Where, many would falsify the income, credit histories or out right lie to borrows about the mortgages they were receiving, along with the terms. This perpetuated the crisis as millions of bad loans were given to borrowers who did not qualify or could not afford the mortgage, if there was a change in interest rates or the economic landscape. ("Financial Reform") to prevent this situation in the future, the regulation of the entire real estate industry should fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government. Where, the SEC or the Federal Reserve could oversea the proper training standards in the industry. Under this kind of system,…… [Read More]

Asian Currency Crisis the Objective

Resulting from the devaluation of China's currency was an exacerbation of problems throughout Asia.

VII. 1995-96 -MINI-RECESSION, DEBT PROBLEM, ACCUMULATION

In the summer of 1995, the reversal of the chronic weakness of the dollar resulted in the depreciation of the Japanese yen, which had been approaching an acute deflationary crisis with a steep fall in the stock market. (Makin, 2000; paraphrased)

VIII. 1996-97 - DEBT / FOREIGN EXCHANGE, RESERVE RATIONS DETERIORATE

The work of Williamson (1999) entitled: "Implications of the East Asian Crisis for Debt Management" relate that a countries debt can be viewed from four different external perspectives in terms of debt composition which include: (1) FDI; (2) Portfolio Equity; (3) Long-term loans; and (4) short-term loans. This is the ideal composition of a countries debts however the debt profile of countries in East Asia are known to profoundly differ from the foregoing profile in that they had too…… [Read More]

Economics of Banking General Economic

e. no standardization) b) Diamonds: good medium of exchange

Peaches: perishable, differences in quality (i.e. no standardization) d) Grade a Honey: differences in quality (i.e. no standardization), difficult to transport e) Ice in a warm climate: perishable, difficult to store a. Over the long run, what is the primary determinant of the price level? Supply and demand, with price acting as an equilibrator b. Over the long run, what is the primary determinant of inflation?

The supply of money as compared to changes in productivity.

c. How is inflation related to the nominal interest rate?

Expectations of future inflation are one of the key factors in determining the nominal interest rate, the other being the 'core' interest rate, or the inflation-free level at which one is willing to lend money (which differs according to the issuer and associated risk premium).

4. Describe each of the following financial institutions. If it…… [Read More]