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London
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What is London?

London functions as a subject of study across a wide range of disciplines, including literature, history, urban studies, business, and the social sciences. Its long history as a global capital makes it a productive lens for examining how cities develop culturally, politically, and economically over time. Students in world studies courses are drawn to London because it sits at the intersection of so many academic conversations — empire, modernization, social inequality, artistic production, and governance — making it possible to approach the city from almost any analytical direction.

The papers gathered here reflect that diversity. Some take a literary approach, examining how writers such as Charles Dickens, John Milton, and Andrea Levy represent London and its society in their work, while others use the city as a backdrop for historical analysis, including the impact of World War One. Additional essays focus on business figures like David Ogilvy and architects like Robert Adam, treating London as a professional and creative environment. Still others engage policy and public health questions, analyzing issues such as flood defense planning and health care, which grounds the city in contemporary civic challenges.

A strong essay on London benefits from a clearly scoped thesis that commits to one dimension of the city — literary, historical, architectural, or policy-driven — rather than attempting a broad survey. Evidence drawn from primary sources, whether a novel, a historical event, or a case study of a company or institution, carries the most analytical weight. The most common pitfall is treating London as mere setting rather than as an active force that shapes the people, texts, and systems being examined.

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Paper Doctorate
The Rolling Stones' origins and early blues influence in 1960s England
A biography of the Rolling Stones. Highlights include the formation of the band in 1962, how blues influenced their music, how they developed their image. Also, a look into other bands that they influenced and how counterculture icons influenced the band through common interests. Brief tour income is given to demonstrate the band's staying power after 50 years.
Paper Undergraduate
Fernando Pessoa's heteronyms and the question of identity
This paper examines and analyzes the works of Fernando Pessoa in terms of their relevance and relationship to modern philosophy. The life and works of this writer as well as their literary and philosophical significance are discussed in detail. The paper also discusses the question whether he was a great philosopher or an individual suffering from an identity crisis. The view taken in this regards is that he was an important writer who made an invaluable contribution to postmodern theory and literature.
Paper Doctorate
Henri Cartier-Bresson and Tacita Dean: an interview
INTERVIEWER: We are going to start with the assumption that the reader has never been introduced to you or your art. Can you give us a little background information about you?
Paper Masters
Changing consumer preferences and their impact on British hospitality
The consumers are changing, both in terms of numbers, origin and type. Therefore there are demography induced changes in consumer needs, which are based on change with the times and with the change in population, both…
Paper Masters
Cultural variation in sexual norms and behaviors across societies
This paper examines how studying other cultures can impact one's understanding of human sexuality. It looks at how cultural norms are related to sexuality and investigates the idea of universal norms or taboos. It also discusses the fact that simply because a behavior aligns with cultural norms does not mean that the behavior is appropriate or adaptive.
Research Paper Undergraduate
Musical life in post-war Birmingham through Martin's experience
Martin was born in the United Kingdom. Most of his family comes from the Midlands, around the industrial city of Birmingham. Much of Birmingham was destroyed by the German air bombs during the Blitz, and this recent…
Research Paper Undergraduate
The ontological, teleological, cosmological, and moral arguments for God's existence
Traditionally there have been four main arguments for the existence of God, the ontological argument, the teleological argument, the cosmological argument, and, of course, the moral argument.
Paper Undergraduate
Racism, feminism, and celebrity culture in contemporary America
¶ … racism, feminism, and celebrity culture in America, including their background, current situation, and outlook for the future. American culture is a melting pot of ideas, beliefs, immigrants, and values, that all…
Paper Undergraduate
Hitler's use of propaganda to gain power in Nazi Germany
How Adolf Hitler used propaganda to influence Germany during WW11
Paper Doctorate
Modern ufology and atmospheric explanations for UFO sightings
In the early days of Ufology, researchers appeared too eager to verify sightings, which they then interpreted as evidence of 'nuts and bolts' spacecraft piloted by intelligent EBEs. Like numerous deities and other extraterrestrial visitors, EBEs are generally held to be concerned about human conduct. This concern was widely reported in the spate of UFO sightings after the Second World War and the beginnings of the nuclear age. Sensationalist reports merging with Hollywood fantasy led to a distancing of orthodox science from Ufology. Explanations offered by Ufologists frequently ignored Occam's razor, which is a rule against multiplying entities or - in general terms - a rule which says don't involve extraordinary hypotheses until the ordinary ones have been eliminated. The apparent resistance to falsification also contributed to Ufology's lack of credibility. However, modern Ufologists, such as Jenny Randles and Paul Fuller of the British Unidentified Flying Object Research Association (BUFORA), are strict adherents to Popperian-inspired scientific methodology, enthusiastically seeking to falsify EBE explanations and providing explanations which are acceptable to orthodox scientific opinion. In this respect the modern Ufologist is a debunker rather than a myth-spinning believer. Explanations in terms of atmospheric phenomena, hallucinations or hoaxes are generally expected from BUFORA publications. Over the years the BUFORA standpoint has been vindicated. So much 'confirmatory' evidence has been demonstrably unreliable. Photographs, which were once considered as hard evidence, are now held to have zero credibility because of the likelihood of fakes. With the advent of sophisticated image-manipulation computers whose work is undetectable, photographs unsupported by other reliable confirmatory evidence are unacceptable. Eye witness reports are also problematic as they are frequently influenced by psychological and cultural factors.