Diminishing Middle Class in NYC
If we look at the Lower Manhattan, it won't take us long to notice the change that has taken place in it in the last 10 years. The population especially the residential population has doubled up in the last 10 years as there has been an addition of 30,000 residents who are now living in Manhattan.
The main reason behind this sudden and huge growth in the population is the trend of construction that has taken place in Manhattan. This trend has led to the production of new as well as the conversion of the old buildings into new luxury housing. For this reason the living costs of the area have increased a lot and the previously affordable residential areas in the city have become some of the most expensive ones to live at. Also, the areas that used to be affordable to live in due to…...
Shrinking Middle-Class America" a variety reference materials (15-20) books, articles, journals, an internet sources long information cited proven-based gathered survey research data relation topic (The Shrinking Middle-Class America).
The shrinking middle-class in America
The societies across the globe continue to face challenges, which impact global evolution. Within the United States, a notable social concern is represented by the shrinking of the middle class, a phenomenon that has accelerated throughout the past recent years. The current project finds that the main causes of the trend are represented by changes in society and economy, and more recently exacerbated by the economic crisis. The solutions proposed to resolve the issue include economic measures for job creation, political reforms to support the labor market and improve government services or efforts to improve the access to education.
Table of contents
Introduction
31.1. Introduction to the topic of the shrinking American middle class
Camfield, D., (2001). The coming class war and how to avoid it: rebuilding the American middle class. Capital & Class.
Collado, E., (2010). The shrinking middle class: why America is becoming a two-class society. iUniverse, ISBN 1450219691
Gigliarano, C., Mosler, K. (2009). Measuring middle-class decline in one and many attributes. Universita Politecnica delle Marche. Dipartimento de Economia. accessed on September 20, 2012http://193.205.135.133/dea/quaderni/pdf/333.pdf
Women in the Northeast were almost always expected to conform to rigid social norms and gender roles. Early marriage and child rearing were the only acceptable paths a woman could travel.
The "mill girls" of Lowell, Massachusetts experienced a far different upbringing than their counterparts in the South or in the Northeast. Sent to factories at a young age, these girls experienced a level of independence that more resembled life for slave women than for other women in the Northeast; the pious middle-class women worked hard on domestic chores and child rearing but their work was viewed more as social obligation and gender role fulfillment than as official employment. For the "mill girls," employment became a new way of life for young American females. Working and living conditions were grim for "mill girls." Room and board were provided and combined with their low wages, their living conditions resembled that of…...
Community
My community is a middle-class community on the edges of a major city. The community is fairly well-integrated, with a number of races, ethnicities and nationalities represented. The community is not particularly close-knit, but there are common threads that bind the people here. For example, most of the people in the community are working class people. Most own or live in houses, with some apartments as well. For the most part, this is an area with a lot of families and people of working age. The residents here perform a variety of jobs. The biggest employers are health care and education, meaning that there are a lot of stable, well-paying jobs. The unemployment rate is around the national average. Most people have some type of college that has helped them to acquire their current employment, and jobs range from entry-level to middle management.
Part 11. Explain what is meant by the term a simple random sample, and then offer an example.A simple random sample is simply a sample where all of the items in the sample pool have an equal chance of being chosen. For example, a sample size of 25 would lead to each item have exactly a four percent chance (100 / 25 = 4%) of being chosen.2. Indicate the difference between a simple random sample and a stratified random sample.In a simple random sample, the entire sample is one group. There is no subdivision. In a stratified random sample, the larger group is subdivided into smaller groups based on the shared traits that smaller parts of the sample have. For example, a sample where red and blue marbles are separated would be a stratified sample. If they are all left in one pool, that would be a simple sample.3. Explain…...
eading Comprehension in the Middle Grades
eading comprehension refers to a complex, active process that incorporates reader-related (linguistic awareness), activity-related (studying for the purpose of keeping information in mind for retrieval in future) and text-related (high-level vocabulary) variables, all of which are correlated in a broader socio-cultural context. However, studies on development of reading comprehension have, thus far, been typified by focus on student traits and/or specified instructional systems (Carnegie Council on Advancing Adolescent Literacy [CCAAL], 2010). This comprehensive literature base clearly demonstrates that oral language proficiency (such as vocabulary, print-independent aspects, and listening comprehension) and decoding abilities (print- dependent aspects) are significantly linked with reading comprehension. This link is proven through strong theoretical as well as practical evidence (Ouellette & Beers, 2010). Furthermore, although decoding abilities continue to account for unique reading comprehension variations, even in cases of adults, oral language proficiencies assume a more predictive role as children mature…...
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References
Al-Haba, M.A.M. (2013). Reader Response Theory in the Phenomenology of Reading with the text and the reader as its focal point. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Volume 8, Issue 6, P 83-86
Carnegie Council on Advancing Adolescent Literacy. (2010). Time to act: An agenda for advancing adolescent literacy for college and career success. New York, NY: Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Corrigan, R. (2011). Effects of pre-service teachers' receptive vocabulary knowledge on their interactive read-alouds with elementary school students. Reading and Writing, 24, 749 -- 771. doi.org/10.1007/s11145-009-9223-5
Gamez, P.B., & Lesaux, N.K. (2015). Early-adolescents' reading comprehension and the stability of the middle school classroom-language environment. Developmental Psychology, 51(4), 447-458. Doi:10.1037/a0038868
Progress is a nice word. But change is its motivator. And change has its enemies." -- Robert F. Kennedy
The United States during the 1950s and 1960s was a nation in turmoil. Although progress had certainly been made since the founding of the country nearly two centuries before, a great number of the population were still living as second class citizens. Rights that were guaranteed the citizenry by the Constitution were suspended in the cases of African-Americans due to the illegal practice of segregation and a racially biased majority. Particularly in the American South, it was impossible for an African-American person to hope for equal status with a white person. At the same time, women were still subjected to marginalization by the patriarchy that had run the country, only earning the right to vote a few decades before. An African-American woman was thus subjected to oppression both on the basis…...
Reorder/Correction
In the past, the middle classrooms and the teachers who instruct their pupils have always done so by using the textbook manuals as guidance on how the instructors should teach their students, and the handbooks that are provided to the teachers give detailed notes within each concept that is being learned. The model is a step-by-step procedure of how the teacher needs to work the problems out as a class, like on the chalkboard or a projector, so the children can also work their problems out on paper to determine what is required in the math problem in order to solve the answer correctly even if there are more answers than one. Students are then able to have an open discussion about problems they encounter, raise their hand and ask the teacher to go over more difficult parts of a problem or task, and the teachers can explain the importance…...
Great Britain has always possessed a rigid class structure with few chances for upward mobility. However, in modern times, class structure has received a new face-lift. Instead of the traditional three tiered social class structure, instead is in place a seven tiered class structure that has various ways to measure class that include social, cultural, and economical. Therefore, class within British society, is not just categorized through how much money a person has, but also how socially and culturally active they are. Still, there is some debate to whether or not class plays an important role in British society as much as it did in the past. Evidence suggest it does and the more money and influence a person has in society, the more likely they will do well and receive more opportunities, therefore removing the notion that class does not have much of an impact on a person's future.
Going…...
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References
Akinwale, B., Lynch, K., Wiggins, R., Harding, S., Bartley, M. And Blane, D. (2010). Work, permanent sickness and mortality risk: a prospective cohort study of England and Wales, 1971-2006. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 65(9), pp.786-792.
Bianchi, S. And Milkie, M. (2010). Work and Family Research in the First Decade of the 21st Century. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), pp.705-725.
Boliver, V. (2010). Expansion, differentiation, and the persistence of social class inequalities in British higher education. High Educ, 61(3), pp.229-242.
Holden, C., Kilkey, M. And Ramia, G. (2011). Social policy review. Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press.
Oppression of Class And Gender
Class and gender are two separate but related concepts in the sociological analysis and understanding of inequality and oppression in society. A definition of class is "A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes." (Definition of class)
According to the sociologist Max Weber class is defined in relation to the way that goods and services are distributed or allocated in a society.
All communities are arranged in a manner that goods, tangible and intangible, symbolic and material are distributed. Such a distribution is always unequal and necessarily involves power. "Classes, status groups and parties are phenomena of the distribution of power within a community."
(MAX WEER: asic Terms)
Class therefore refers to the categories in a society of those who have access to wealth and privilege and those who do not. Class is also linked to…...
Chaffins, S., Forbes, M., Fuqua, H.E., & Cangemi, J.P. 1995. "The Glass Ceiling: Are Women Where They Should Be." Education, 115(3), 380+. Retrieved May 12, 2005, from Questia database. ( http://www.questia.com )
In short, there are numerous reasons to state the need for intervention of school counselor during the middle years, all of which can be summed up under the discovery that middle school students perform better academically, consider more intensively their future, and possess more achievement -- styled goals when they are in touch with a mentor (Zirkel, 2002). Students, at all ages, make choices, but middle school students are likely, for the first time, to make autonomous and independent choices that may significantly effect the rest of their life. Students seek differentiation from parents, responsibility, and independence, and it is the role of the counselor to assist students with decision-making skills and to help them select choices that are healthy and growth promoting.
Other areas that students need assistance in dealing with are class electorates as well as negotiating their way between multiple teachers and new peer groups. This complex environment,…...
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References
Akos, R, Konold, T., & Niles, S. (2004). A career readiness typology and typal membership in middle school. The Career Development Quarterly, 53, 53-66.
Cobb, N. (2001). Adolescence: Continuity, change, and diversity (4th ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
Eccles, J., & Templeton, J. (2002). Extracurricular and other after-school activities for youth. Review of Research in Education, 26, 113-180.
Mahoney, J., Cairns, B., & Farmer, T. (2003). Promoting interpersonal competence and educational success through extracurricular participation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 409-418.
Economic Concens in Film
Metopolis, Invasion of the Body Snatches and La Jetee span fou decades, although the latte two could be consideed examples of Cold Wa science fiction. Metopolis was set duing the Weima Republic, although cetain scenes wee eeily pophetic of Nazism, but in eality the city itself could also have been New Yok o any othe uban cente of the futue. Fo diecto Fitz Lang, the city was a symbol of Fodist mass poduction and mass consumption, with the wokes down below butalized by povety, hunge and dull, outine, obot-like jobs, while at the same time, the middle and uppe classes above wee also dehumanized by mindless hedonism and nihilism, o dull, confomist cleical and administative wold. Dehumanization was also a majo theme of La Jetee, in which the suvivos of a nuclea holocaust live undegound, lacking even the basic necessities of food, wate and medical cae,…...
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references to these. Only superficially does the world of Santa Mira still resemble an American town, since the main work of its residents had become production and distribution of seed pods, which they distributed to surrounding towns. In this work, they were like a totalitarian hive of worker bees or ants, having only the instinct to survive. Of course, they also had to eliminate any internal dissent by converting everyone in town to creatures like themselves, with Dr. Miles Bennell and his lover Becky Driscoll as the last human holdouts. They attempt to escape, with everyone in town pursuing them, although Miles loses Becky when she falls asleep and turns into one of 'them'. Only at the very end did Miles manage to convince the humans on the outside that they are in grave danger and that the authorities must be called in to deal with Santa Mira before this alien virus spreads completely out of control.
Both Body Snatchers and Metropolis have happy endings, even though these feel more than a bit contrived, while La Jetee is grim from start to finish. Civilization survives in the first two films, even though the real question might be whether such a society should have survived at all. Lang's vision of middle class charity and humanitarianism bringing about a reconciliation of capital and labor looks very unlikely given the extreme divisions presented between the underground and aboveground worlds in that film. Nazism restrained class conflict mainly by abolishing organized labor and leftist political parties, and using police state methods against all dissent, and history shows that the workers only received justice and a fair share of the social pie when they were politically well organized and able to vote. La Jetee does not even make a pretense that civilization is being saved, since what little of it survived the Third World War resembled an underground Nazi concentration camp, with prisoners experimented upon and exterminated to suit the needs of their overlords. Both of these films reflect grimmer European historical circumstances that Body Snatchers, which is certainly a disturbing and creepy film by American standards, but with a Hollywood ending in which the hero saves the day in the end. Although the world of the pod people in Santa Mira still looks like Middle America on the surface, they have all been infected by some alien virus that turns their town into a totalitarian police state run by zombies, robots and clone, lacking human individuality, desires and emotions. In fact, their all-American town was starting to look too much like something in Germany and Russia, which is why it hard to be destroyed in the end.
Theological differences are the least important issue facing Jews and Muslims. The Palestinians rightfully believe that the British stole their homelands from them after the Second World War, and that both the United Kingdom and the Untied States unabashedly support Israel. The Israelis, on the other hand, point to the recurring incidences of terrorism that plague the country and prevent peace.
When both sides focus on the past instead of the future, the crisis will never disappear. Instead, political leaders need to focus on creating a multifaceted solution to the problem that most likely entails making Jerusalem an international zone. If a Palestinian state is created, it must be dedicated to the eradication of terrorism. Likewise, Israel must agree to cease treating Palestinians in Israel like second-class citizens and move toward a more egalitarian and free society....
My parents grew up in poverty in Latin America. Their story is not an unfamiliar one in America. My parents were able to obtain a middle school education, which at that time in Latin America, was a good educational accomplishment. Like most children living in impoverished, lower class families, my parents both had to contribute to the household income. Opportunities for earning extra money were scarce, but my parents were creative and determined; they took what jobs they could find and set themselves up to establish work where there had previously been none. My mother would say that sometimes people just didn't know what work they needed someone else to do -- but if you do some work, and the people like it, they see that it is nice not to have to do the work for themselves. When my grandparents immigrated to the United…...
Visual Representations of Class Consciousness
This paper discusses visual representations of class consciousness, and what these representations mean in a larger cultural and social sense. The paper also discusses my picture of myself, and my class, and what this picture tells me about who I am, and what I am supposed to be. The paper discusses how this combination defines me, and how it puts me in a specific box, or allows me more freedom.
Firstly, how do I see myself? I am female, black, Hispanic. I have been living in the U.S. For four years, and am in college in Florida. My Dad has a good job, so my Mum does not need to work. I want for nothing, as we are affluent, and so based on these markers (or visual representations), I would call myself middle class.
What visual representations of class do I portray to the outside world? As my…...
This book is about how politicians don't have the best interests of the American people in their hearts anymore, and how greed and corruption has stopped many of them from doing what's right to help the country as a whole. The middle class are struggling with this more than others, because they get the least help. Rich people don't need help from the government, and poor people get a lot of assistance and handouts. If someone is middle class, he or she often needs a little assistance to really live comfortably but can't get that help because he or she....
Social class is an incredibly complex concept. Many people assume that it is primarily defined by socioeconomic status. However, while wealth or the lack thereof may play some role in determining social class, it is not the only determinant. Other factors in addition to class can help determine social stratification. In the United States, this concept can often be looked at new money versus old money. If these delineations are preset, is social mobility even possible?
To really understand this issue, it is important to look at the concept of social class and stratification. Social class....
Before you can tackle any type of analysis through a specific lens, it is important to make sure that you thoroughly understand that lens. Marxism-Feminism attempts to tackle some of the underlying weaknesses in both Marxist theory and feminist theory, because Marxism fails to address some of the gender issues that impact class and feminist theory fails to address some of the class issues that impact gender. Because of how class and gender intersect in The Handmaid’s Tale, it is a perfect piece for analysis through this particular lens,
Looking at how cars were invented and reality quickly became the go-to transportation method for much of the world is fascinating. While the automobile was invented in Germany and France, Henry Ford, who mastered automation and the mass production of cars, probably deserves much of the credit for the automobile’s early successes. In fact, Ford’s focuses on wages and affordability probably deserve credit for the rise of the American middle class, suggesting that the history of the automobile and the history of the middle class are inextricably intertwined.
I. Introduction
A. Precursors....
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